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in+certain+circumstances

  • 61 split coupon bond

    split coupon bond FIN Nullkupon-Wandelanleihe f (a zero-coupon bond issued by a corporation which can be converted into that corporation’s common stock at a certain price, or a zero-coupon bond issued by a municipality which can be converted into an interest-bearing bond under certain circumstances; synonymous: zero-coupon convertible; Nullkuponanleihe eines Unternehmens mit Wandlungsrecht in Stammaktien dieses Unternehmens, oder eine Nullkupon-Kommunalobligation mit Wandlungsrecht in eine verzinsliche Obligation dieser Kommune; synonymous: zero-coupon convertible)

    Englisch-Deutsch Fachwörterbuch der Wirtschaft > split coupon bond

  • 62 zero-coupon convertible

    zero-coupon convertible FIN, STOCK Nullkupon-Wandelanleihe f (a) a zero-coupon bond issued by a corporation which can be converted into that corporation’s common stock at a certain price, or b) a zero-coupon bond issued by a municipality which may be converted into an interest-bearing bond under certain circumstances; a) eine Nullkuponanleihe eines Unternehmens mit Wandlungsrecht in Stammaktien dieses Unternehmens, oder b) eine Nullkupon-Kommunalobligation mit Wandlungsrecht; synonymous: split coupon bond)

    Englisch-Deutsch Fachwörterbuch der Wirtschaft > zero-coupon convertible

  • 63 Nullkupon-Wandelanleihe

    Nullkupon-Wandelanleihe f BÖRSE, FIN zero-coupon convertible, split coupon bond (a) Nullkuponanleihe eines Unternehmens mit Wandlungsrecht in Stammaktien dieses Unternehmens, oder b) eine Nullkupon-Kommunalobligation mit Wandlungsrecht; a) a zero-coupon bond issued by a corporation which can be converted into that corporation’s common stock at a certain price, or b) a zero-coupon bond issued by a municipality which may be converted into an interest-bearing bond under certain circumstances)

    Business german-english dictionary > Nullkupon-Wandelanleihe

  • 64 develop

    1. I
    1) his character is developing его характер формируется; our friendship has developed наша дружба окрепла
    2) new facts (some additional details, certain circumstances, etc.) have developed обнаружились /выяснились/ новые факты и т. д.; а new feature of the case developed a) обнаружилась /возникла/ еще одна сторона дела; б) дело приняло новый оборот; а rash (new symptoms, a fever, etc.) developed появилась сыпь и т. д., an ulcer developed образовалась язва
    2. II
    develop in some manner
    1) develop harmoniously (gradually, physically, morally. culturally,.etc.) гармонично и т. д. развиваться; the boy has developed intellectually мальчик интеллектуально развился; the plot (the story, the play. etc.) develops rapidly сюжет и т. д. развивается /развёртывается/ стремительно; develop in every way (a lot, by leaps and bounds, etc.) развиваться всеми способами или во всех отношениях и т. д.
    2) develop gradually (partially, etc.) проявляться постепенно и т. д.; this type of film develops quickly этот вид пленки проявляется быстро; these photographs haven't developed very well эти фотографии плохо вышли /проявились/
    3. III
    develop smth.
    1) develop the country's industry (a district, a coal area, etc.) развивать промышленность страны и т. д., develop the natural resources of a country разрабатывать природные богатства страны; we shall develop this mine будем разрабатывать /осваивать/ эту шахту: they are developing a new manufacturing process они разрабатывают новый технологический процесс: he developed his business он расширил свое дело
    2) develop different muscles (the strength of one's fingers. healthy bodies, one's memory, one's brain, the mind, etc.) укреплять /развивать, тренировать разные мышцы и т. д.
    3) develop exotic flowers (hot house tomatoes, subtropical fruit, etc.) выращивать экзотические цветы и т. д.; develop new forms of the plant выводить новые сорта растения; heat and moisture develop seed тепло и влага способствуют росту /развитию/ семян; different conditions have developed different forms of life разные условия привели к появлению разных форм жизни; this engine develops a lot of heat Этот мотор сильно нагревается
    4) develop new facts (new features, certain details, etc.) обнаруживать /вскрывать/ новые факты и т. д.; the inquiry developed unforeseen aspects of the case при расследовании обнаружились неожиданные стороны этого дела
    5) he developed symptoms of consumption (of a fever, of a cough. of a tumour, etc.) у него появились симптомы чахотки и т. д.', he seems to be developing an illness он. кажется, заболевает; the child developed whooping cough у ребенка начался коклюш
    6) develop a subject (the plot of a play, an argument, a plan, an idea. a line of thought, etc.) разрабатывать /развивать/ тему и т. д; you should develop this theme вам следует развить эту тему
    7) develop one's films (the plates, a photograph, etc.) проявлять [отснятую] пленку и т. д.
    4. IV
    develop smth. in some manner develop this idea (this subject, the theme, etc.) a little more fully развить /разработать/ эту мысль и т. д. полнее
    5. XI
    1) be developed in some manner be rather poorly developed быть плохо развитым, отставать в развитии; he is well developed mentally умственно он хорошо развит; be developed at /in/ some place in this school children's gifts are developed в этой школе обращают особое внимание на развитие природных талантов у детей
    6. XVI
    develop from /out of/ smth. develop from a seed (from a simpler machine, from an acorn, etc.) развиваться из зерна и т. д., this town developed out of a fishing village этот город вырос из /на месте/ рыбацкого поселка; develop Into smth. develop into plants (into beautiful butterflies, etc.) превращаться в растения и т. д, their acquaintance has developed into friendship их знакомство перешло в дружбу; develop Into smb. the boy developed into a good man из мальчика вырос хороший человек; - in some place develop in the author's mind созревать /зреть/ в уме автора
    7. XXI1
    1) develop smth. for smth. develop a gift (a taste, a habit, etc.) for smth. развивать талант и т. д. к чему-л.
    2) develop smth. in some time I shall develop the film in twenty minutes я проявлю эту пленку за двадцать минут

    English-Russian dictionary of verb phrases > develop

  • 65 determinato

    agg [determi'nato] determinato (-a)
    1) (gen) certain, (particolare) specific
    2) (risoluto) determined, resolute

    Nuovo dizionario Italiano-Inglese > determinato

  • 66 reduced leave schedule

    эк. тр. система [график\] сокращенного отпуска* (система предоставления отпуска, при которой отпуск предоставляется не в виде непрерывного периода отсутствия на работе, а в виде сокращения рабочего дня, рабочей недели и т. п. на определенный период)

    In certain circumstances, employees may take intermittent leave or leave on a reduced leave schedule. — В определенных обстоятельствах работники могут взять прерывистый отпуск или отпуск по системе сокращенного отпуска.

    See:

    Англо-русский экономический словарь > reduced leave schedule

  • 67 при некоторых обстоятельствах

    •

    Some waves can under certain circumstances (or conditions) have phase velocities greater than...

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > при некоторых обстоятельствах

  • 68 при условиях

    •

    Some water can under (or in) certain circumstances (or conditions) have phase velocities greater than...

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > при условиях

  • 69 в определенных случаях

    General subject: in certain circumstances (АД)

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > в определенных случаях

  • 70 иногда

    2) Rare: sometime
    5) Makarov: on the occasion

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > иногда

  • 71 практично

    it is practical
    • Непрактично быть слишком непоколебимым (в вопросе о)... - It is not practical to be too rigid about...
    • Обычно дешевле и более практично... - It is usually cheaper and more practical to...
    • При некоторых обстоятельствах может оказаться действенным... - In certain circumstances it may be practical to...

    Русско-английский словарь научного общения > практично

  • 72 Где волчьи зубы, а где лисий хвост

    In certain circumstances slyness is more effective than brutal force. See Где силой не возьмешь, там хитрость на подмогу (Г), Лиса семерых волков проведет (Л), Не мытьем, так катаньем (H)
    Var.: Не волчьи зубы, так лисий хвост
    Cf: Cunning is more than strength (Am.). Cunning surpasses strength (Br.). Either by might or by slight (Br.). Не that is not strong should be cunning (Am.). If the lion's skin cannot, the fox's shall (Br.)

    Русско-английский словарь пословиц и поговорок > Где волчьи зубы, а где лисий хвост

  • 73 Смирение паче гордости

    Sub mission, in certain circumstances, means more than demonstration of pride
    Cf: Pride apes humility (Br.). Pride often apes (borrows the cloak of) humility (Am.)

    Русско-английский словарь пословиц и поговорок > Смирение паче гордости

  • 74 अनुनासिक _anunāsika

    अनुनासिक a. [अनुगतो नासिकाम्]
    1 Nasal, pronounced through the nose; मुखसहितनासिकया उच्चार्यमाणो वर्णो$- नुनासिकसंज्ञः स्यात् Sk.; मुखनासिकावचनो$नुनासिकः P.I.1.8; अमो$नुनासिका न ह्रौ Śikṣā; अनुनासिक being a name for the 5 nasal consonants, the vowels or the consonants य्, व्, ल् (under certain circumstances); i. e. the letters included in the प्रत्याहार अम् except ह् and र्.
    -2 The sign used to mark the nasalization in the case of य्, व् or ल्.
    -कम् The nasal twang.
    -Comp. -आदिः a conjunct consonant beginning with a nasal.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > अनुनासिक _anunāsika

  • 75 नागर _nāgara

    नागर a. (
    -री f.) [नगरे भवः अण्]
    1 Town-born, town-bred.
    -2 Relating to a town, civic.
    -3 Spoken in a town.
    -4 Polite, civil.
    -5 Clever, sharp.
    -6 Bad, vile, one who has contracted the vices of a town. नाग- नागरयोर्मध्ये वरं नागो न नागरः । नागो दशति कालेन नागरस्तु पुनः पुनः ॥ Subhāṣita.
    -7 Nameless.
    -रः 1 A citizen (पौर); यः पण्यस्त्रीरतिपरिमलोद्गारिभिर्नागराणामुद्दामानि प्रथयति शिलावेश्मभि- र्यौवनानि Me.25; Śānti.4.19; Bhāg.1.56.17.
    -2 A husband's brother.
    -3 A lecturer.
    -4 An orange.
    -5 Fatigue; hardship, toil.
    -6 Desire of final beatitude.
    -7 A term applied to a prince engaged in war under certain circumstances and also to a planet when in opposition to other planets (in astrol.)
    -8 Denial of knowledge.
    -रम् 1 Dry ginger; खर्बूरं मरिचं पूर्णं देवदारु च नागरम् Śiva B.3.16. पिप्पली सैन्धवं चैव नागरं च गुडान्वितम् । प्रातर्दत्तं तुरङ्गाणां नस्यं श्लेष्मविनाशनम् ॥ Śālihotra.
    -2 A kind of coitus.
    -3 One of the three styles of architecture; it is quadrangular in shape; चतुरस्राकृतिं यत्तु नागरं तत् प्रकीर्तितम् Māna.18.94.
    -री 1 The character in which Sanskrit is generally written; cf. देवनागरी.
    -2 A clever, intriguing or shrewd woman; हन्ताभीरीः स्मरतु स कथं संवृतो नागरीभिः Ud. D.16.
    -3 The plant स्नुही
    -Comp. -आह्लम् dry ginger.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > नागर _nāgara

  • 76 अनुनासिक


    anu-nāsika
    mfn. nasal, uttered through the nose (as one of the five nasal consonants, orﾠ a vowel, orﾠ the three semivowels y, v, l, under certain circumstances;

    in the case of vowels andﾠ semivowels, the nasal mark is used to denote this nasalization);
    the nasal mark;
    (am) n. a nasal twang;
    speaking through the nose (a fault in pronunciation)
    - अनुनासिकत्व
    - अनुनासिकलोप
    - अनुनासिकादि
    - अनुनासिकान्त
    - अनुनासिकोपध

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > अनुनासिक

  • 77 पौर


    paurá
    1) m. ( pṛī) « filler, increaser»

    N. of Soma ( Sāy. = udara-pūraka);
    of Indra ( Sāy. = pūrayitṛi);
    of the Aṡvins etc. RV. ;
    of a Ṛishi (author of RV. V, 73; 74);
    (pl.) of a dynasty VP. ;
    paura
    2) mf (ī)n. (fr. pura) belonging to a town orﾠ city, urban, civic;

    m. a townsman, citizen (opp. to jānapada) Gaut. MBh. Kāv. etc.;
    a prince engaged in war under certain circumstances (= nāgara, q.v., applied alsoﾠ to planets opposed to each other) Var. ;
    (pl.) N. of a dynasty VP. ;
    (ī) f. the language of the servants in a palace L. ;
    n. a species of fragrant grass L.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > पौर

  • 78 таким образом

    Таким образом - thus, then, accordingly (следовательно); in this way, in this manner, in this fashion, by this means (с помощью этого)
     Thus, the leakage introduced in the external ducting was in addition to the normal internal leakage.
     Accordingly, these stresses in certain circumstances are treated as load-controlled quantities.
     In this manner, a closed-loop natural circulation is established in the liquid.

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > таким образом

  • 79 jam

    jam, adv. [for diam, collat. form of diem, cf. pri-dem, du-dum, Corss. Ausspr. I. p. 213; II. p. 850; but acc. to Curt. Gr. Etym. 398, 620; locat. form from pronom. stem ja].
    I.
    Of time, denoting a point or moment of time as coinciding with that of the action, etc., described.
    A.
    Of present time.
    1.
    As opp. to past or future, at this time, now, just now, at present, i. e. while I speak or write this.
    a.
    Jam alone:

    jamne autem, ut soles, deludis?

    Plaut. Aul. 5, 11:

    jam satis credis sobrium esse me,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 36:

    saltus reficit jam roscida luna,

    Verg. G. 3, 337:

    jam tenebris et sole cadente,

    id. ib. 3, 401:

    jamque dies, ni fallor, adest,

    id. A. 5, 49:

    jam advesperascit,

    Ter. And. 3, 4, 2:

    reddere qui voces jam scit puer,

    Hor. A. P. 158: stabat modo consularis, modo septemvir epulonum;

    jam neutrum,

    Plin. Ep. 2, 11, 12:

    jam melior, jam, diva, precor,

    Verg. A. 12, 179:

    Hem, scio jam quod vis dicere,

    Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 36:

    in ea (consuetudine) quaedam sunt jura ipsa jam certa propter vetustatem,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 22, 67:

    jam tempus agi,

    Verg. A. 5, 638:

    surgere jam tempus,

    Cat. 62, 3.—
    b.
    Strengthened.
    (α).
    By repetition: jam jam, jam jamque (nearly = nunc), at this very time, precisely now:

    jam jam intellego, Crasse, quod dicas,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 24, 90:

    jam jam minime miror te otium perturbare,

    id. Phil. 2, 34, 87:

    jam jam dolet quod egi, jam jamque paenitet,

    Cat. 63, 73:

    jam jam linquo acies,

    Verg. A. 12, 875:

    jam jamque video bellum,

    Cic. Att. 16, 9 fin.:

    at illum ruere nuntiant et jam jamque adesse,

    id. ib. 7, 20, 1; cf.:

    jam mihi, jam possim contentus vivere parvo,

    Tib. 1, 1, 25 (7).—
    (β).
    By nunc: jam nunc, just now, at this very time, as things now are:

    jam nunc irata non es,

    Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 65:

    dux, jam nunc locatus in urbe,

    Liv. 22, 38, 9; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 127:

    quae cum cogito, jam nunc timeo quidnam, etc.,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 13, 42:

    deliberationis ejus tempus ita jam nunc statui posse, etc.,

    Liv. 31, 32, 3:

    ipsa Venus laetos jam nunc migravit in agros,

    Tib. 2, 3, 3:

    nec jam nunc regina loquor,

    Val. Fl. 8, 47; so,

    nunc jam (nunciam): secede huc nunciam,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 23:

    audi nunciam,

    Ter. And. 2, 1, 29:

    i nunciam,

    id. Ad. 2, 1, 21: nunc jam sum expeditus, Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 12, 5:

    nunc jam nobis vobisque consulatus patet,

    Liv. 7, 32, 14.—
    (γ).
    By tum:

    jam tum opifices funguntur munere,

    Plin. 11, 21, 24, § 74; Verg. G. 2, 405; id. A. 1, 18.—
    (δ).
    By pridem, v. jampridem.—
    2.
    In contrast with the time at which something was expected.
    a.
    Of that which occurs sooner, already, so soon:

    quies (animos) aut jam exhaustos aut mox exhauriendos, renovavit,

    Liv. 21, 21, 7:

    gravitate valetudinis, qua tamen jam paululum videor levari,

    Cic. Fam. 6, 2, 1; 3, 8, 16:

    jamne ibis,

    are you going so soon, Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 86; id. Rud. 2, 7, 26.—
    b.
    Of that which occurs later, at last, now, only now:

    ohe jam desine deos uxor gratulando obtundere,

    Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 8:

    postulo, Dave, ut redeat jam in viam,

    id. And. 1, 2, 19:

    jamque sero diei subducit ex acie legionem faciendis castris,

    Tac. A. 2, 21:

    jam sanguinis alti vis sibi fecit iter,

    Luc. 2, 214.—Tandem or aliquando is often added:

    jam tandem ades ilico,

    Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 39:

    putamus enim utile esse te aliquando jam rem transigere,

    Cic. Att. 1, 4, 1:

    jam tandem Italiae fugientis prendimus oras,

    Verg. A. 6, 61; Liv. 22, 12, 10.—
    3.
    As continued from the past, already, by this time, ere now, till now, hitherto:

    et apud Graecos quidem jam anni prope quadrigenti sunt, etc.,

    Cic. Or. 51, 171:

    obsolevit jam ista oratio,

    id. de Imp. Pomp. 17, 52:

    nondum feminam aequavimus gloriā, et jam nos laudis satietas cepit?

    Curt. 9, 6, 23.—With numerals and words specifying time:

    jam biennium est, cum mecum coepit rem gerere,

    Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 35; so,

    plus jam anno,

    id. Curc. 1, 1, 14:

    sunt duo menses jam,

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 3, 8:

    qui septingentos jam annos vivunt, etc.,

    id. Fl. 26, 63:

    annum jam tertium et vicesimum regnat,

    id. de Imp. Pomp. 3, 7; id. Fin. 2, 29, 94.—
    4.
    With imperatives, to express haste or impatience, like Engl. now, now, straightway, at once:

    quid miserum, Aenea, laceras? Jam parce sepulto,

    Verg. A. 3, 41:

    sed jam age, carpe viam,

    id. ib. 6, 629:

    et jam tu... illum adspice contra,

    id. ib. 11, 373.—So in impetuous or passionate questions (freq. in Plaut.):

    Jam tu autem nobis praeturam geris?

    Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 23; cf. id. Aul. 5, 11; id. Bacch. 2, 2, 25.—
    5.
    Jam... jam, at one time... at another, now... now, at this time... at that:

    jamque eadem digitis jam pectine pulsat eburno,

    Verg. A. 647:

    jamque hos cursu, jam praeterit illos,

    id. ib. 4, 157:

    qui jam contento, jam laxo fune laborat,

    Hor. S. 2, 7, 20:

    jam vino quaerens, jam somno fallere curas,

    id. ib. 2, 7, 114:

    jam secundae, jam adversae res, ita erudierant, etc.,

    Liv. 30, 30; Tib. 1, 2, 49; Ov. M. 1, 111.—
    B.
    Of past time.
    1.
    In the time just past, but now, a moment ago, a little while ago, just:

    videamus nunc quam sint praeclare illa his, quae jam posui, consequentia,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 7, 26:

    Arsinoë et jam dicta Memphis,

    Plin. 5, 9, 11, § 61:

    insulae praeter jam dictas,

    id. 3, 26, 30, § 151:

    hiems jam praecipitaverat,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 25, 1:

    domum quam tu jam exaedificatam habebas,

    Cic. Att. 1, 6, 1.—
    2.
    Like English now, by this time, already.
    a.
    Alone:

    jam advesperascebat,

    Liv. 39, 50:

    Hannibalem movisse ex hibernis, et jam Alpes transire,

    id. 27, 39:

    et jam fama volans... domos et moenia complet,

    Verg. A. 11, 139; 12, 582; Caes. B. G. 1, 11; 6, 6:

    jamque rubescebat Aurora,

    Verg. A. 3, 521; 10, 260:

    ut semel inclinavit pugna, jam intolerabilis Romana vis erat,

    Liv. 6, 32:

    cum decimum jam diem graviter ex intestinis laborarem,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 26, 1.—
    b.
    Strengthened.
    (α).
    Jam jamque, Verg. A. 8, 708.—
    (β).
    By tum, as early as that:

    se jam tum gessisse pro cive,

    Cic. Arch. 5, 11; Liv. 29, 1; Verg. 7, 738; Tac. Agr. 45.—
    (γ).
    By tunc (post-Aug.;

    once in Cic.),

    Suet. Aug. 89; id. Ner. 7; Tac. H. 4, 50; Cic. Fam. 3, 12, 3 dub.—
    3.
    Of a time succeeding another time referred to, from that time, thenceforth, thereafter (esp. with a or ab, when it is often = Eng. even, very):

    qui aequom esse censent nos jam a pueris nasci senes,

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 2:

    quae me maxime sicuti jam a prima adolescentia delectarunt,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 67:

    benevolentia quae mihi jam a pueritia tua cognita est,

    id. ib. 4, 7, 1:

    dederas enim jam ab adolescentia documenta,

    id. Mil. 8, 22: jam ab illo tempore, cum, etc., from the very time when, etc., id. Fam. 2, 16, 9; cf.:

    urgerent philosophorum greges jam ab illo fonte et capite Socrate,

    id. de Or. 1, 10, 42. —So with ex:

    jam ex quo ipse accepisset regnum,

    ever since, Liv. 42, 11, 8.—
    C.
    Of future time.
    1.
    In the time immediately approaching, forthwith, straightway, directly, presently:

    occlude sis fores ambobus pessulis: jam ego hic ero,

    Plaut. Aul. 1, 2, 25:

    ille jam hic aderit,

    id. Ep. 2, 2, 72: omitte;

    jam adero,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 26; cf. id. ib. 4, 6, 1; id. And. 1, 2, 9; 4, 4, 38: bono animo es;

    jam argentum ad eam deferes, quod ei es pollicitus,

    id. Heaut. 4, 6, 18:

    facere id ut paratum jam sit,

    Plaut. As. 1, 1, 76:

    jam fuerit, neque post unquam revocare licebit,

    Lucr. 3, 927:

    jam faciam quod voltis,

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 16:

    jam enim aderunt consules ad suas Nonas,

    Cic. Att. 7, 20, 2.—
    2.
    In the time immediately succeeding another time referred to, forthwith, at once, straightway, then:

    nunc ubi me illic non videbit, jam huc recurret,

    Ter. Ad. 4, 1, 10:

    accede ad ignem... jam calesces,

    id. Eun. 1, 2, 5:

    nisi puerum tollis, jam ego hunc in mediam viam provolvam,

    id. And. 4, 4, 38:

    de quibus jam dicendi locus erit, cum de senioribus pauca dixero,

    Cic. Brut. 25, 96:

    agedum, dictatorem creemus. Jam hic centicescet furor,

    Liv. 2, 29, 11:

    aperi, inquit, jam scies,

    Petr. 16, 2; cf. Verg. A. 1, 272.—
    3.
    Representing as present an impending event, now, already, presently (mostly poet.):

    jam te premet nox,

    Hor. C. 1, 4, 16:

    jam veniet mors, jam subrepet iners aetas,

    Tib. 1, 1, 70:

    jam mare turbari trabibus videbis, jam fervere litora flammis,

    Verg. A. 4, 566; 6, 676:

    alius Latio jam partus Achilles,

    id. ib. 6, 89:

    hic magnae jam locus urbis erit,

    Tib. 2, 5, 55.—
    D.
    With negatives, denoting cessation of previous condition: jam non, no more, no longer:

    quem odisse jam non potestis,

    Cic. Clu. 10, 29; Ov. M. 4, 382:

    non jam,

    not any more, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 1, 3:

    nihil jam,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 21.—
    E.
    With comparatives:

    ad mitiora jam ingenia,

    which had become milder, Liv. 27. 39:

    ad ferociores jam gentes,

    which then were less civilized, id. 21, 60:

    una jam potior sententia,

    Stat. Th. 2, 368.
    II.
    In other relations.
    A.
    To denote that something will certainly, properly, or easily occur, under certain circumstances.
    1.
    In a conclusion, to emphasize its relation to the condition, then surely, then:

    si cogites, remittas jam me onerare injuriis,

    Ter. And. 5, 1, 6: si quis voluerit animi sui [p. 1012] notionem evolvere, jam se ipse doceat, eum virum bonum esse, Cic. Off. 3, 19, 76:

    si hoc dixissem, jam mihi consuli jure optimo senatus vim intulisset,

    id. Cat. 1, 8, 21; id. Leg. 1, 12, 34; id. Brut. 17, 68:

    si jubeat eo dirigi, jam in portu fore omnem classem,

    Liv. 29, 27, 8.—
    2.
    In a consequence, to show that it is conceived as immediate, now, then, therefore: satis est tibi in te, satis in legibus;

    jam contemni non poteris,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 26, 84:

    jam hoc non potest in te non honorifice esse dictum,

    id. Fam. 5, 2, 2; id. Leg. 2, 24, 60; id. Clu. 16, 46:

    nec hanc solam Romani meretricem colunt... Jam quanta ista immortalitas putanda est,

    Lact. 1, 20, 5:

    Quae cum ita sint, ego jam hinc praedico,

    Liv. 40, 36, 14: conspecta et ex muris ea multitudo erat;

    jamque etiam legionariae cohortes sequebantur,

    id. 10, 43, 1.—
    B.
    In transitions.
    1.
    To a new subject, now, moreover, again, once more then:

    jam de artificiis et quaestibus... haec fere accepimus,

    Cic. Off. 1, 42, 150; Verg. G. 2, 57:

    jam jura legitima ex legibus cognosci oportebit,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 22, 68:

    jam illud senatus consultum, quod eo die factum est, etc.,

    id. Fam. 5, 2, 4:

    jam Saliare Numae carmen qui laudat,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 86. —So with vero:

    jam vero motus animi, sollicitudines aegritudinesque oblivione leniuntur,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 38, 110:

    jam vero virtuti Cn. Pompei quae potest par oratio inveniri?

    id. de Imp. Pomp. 11, 29; 14, 41; id. Off. 3, 13 init. —With at enim:

    at enim jam dicetis virtutem non posse constitui, si ea, etc.,

    Cic. Fin. 4, 15, 40 init. —
    2.
    In enumerations:

    et aures... itemque nares... jam gustatus... tactus autem,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 56, 141.—So sometimes repeatedly, at one time... at another... at another, jam... jam... jam:

    jam medici, jam apparatus cibi, jam in hoc solum importatum instrumentum balinei nullius non succurrit valetudini,

    Vell. 2, 114, 2; cf. Flor. 2, 17, 8, and I. A. 5. supra.—
    C.
    For emphasis.
    1.
    After non modo... sed ( = adeo), now, even, I may say:

    non cum senatu modo, sed jam cum diis bellum gerere,

    Liv. 21, 63, 6.—
    2.
    Pressing the strict sense of a word or clause, now, precisely, indeed:

    (Hieronymum) quem jam cur Peripateticum appellem, nescio,

    Cic. Fin. 5, 5, 14:

    hoc quidem haud molestum est jam, quod collus collari caret,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 107:

    loquor enim jam non de sapientium, sed de communibus amicitiis,

    Cic. Lael. 21, 77:

    te quoque jam, Thais, ita me di bene ament, amo,

    Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 43:

    imitatio morum alienorum... jam inter leniores affectus numerari potest,

    Quint. 9, 2, 58:

    reliqua jam aequitatis sunt,

    id. 7, 1, 62:

    cetera jam fabulosa,

    Tac. G. 46:

    desine: jam venio moriturus,

    Verg. A. 10, 881.—So esp. with et: et jam (cf. etiam), and indeed, and in fact, et lenitas illa Graecorum et verborum comprehensio, et jam artifex, ut ita dicam, stilus, Cic. Brut. 25, 96:

    pulchriora etiam Polycleti et jam plane perfecta,

    id. ib. 18, 70:

    Pompeium et hortari et orare et jam liberius accusare non desistimus,

    id. Fam. 1, 1, 3; Quint. Decl. 5, 3; Luc. 8, 659; cf.

    jamque,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 6, 9; so,

    jam et: nec deerat Ptolemaeus, jam et sceleris instinctor,

    Tac. H. 1, 23; 1, 22;

    and, ac jam: ac jam, ut omnia contra opinionem acciderent, tamen se plurimum navibus posse,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 9: jam ergo, in very fact:

    jam ergo aliquis condemnavit,

    Cic. Clu. 41, 113.—
    3.
    In climax, even, indeed, really:

    opus Paniceis, opus Placentinis quoque... jam maritumi omnes milites opus sunt mihi,

    Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 59:

    jam illa quae natura, non litteris, assecuti sunt, neque cum Graecia neque ulla cum gente sunt conferenda,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 1, 2:

    jam in opere quis par Romano miles?

    Liv. 9, 19, 8; Quint. 12, 1, 45; Cic. Rep. 1, 5; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 83.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > jam

  • 80 Bardeen, John

    [br]
    b. 23 May 1908 Madison, Wisconsin, USA
    d. 30 January 1991 Boston, Massachusetts, USA
    [br]
    American physicist, the first to win the Nobel Prize for Physics twice.
    [br]
    Born the son of a professor of anatomy, he studied electrical engineering at the University of Wisconsin. He then worked for three years as a geophysicist at the Gulf Research Laboratories before taking a PhD in mathematical physics at Princeton, where he was a graduate student. For some time he held appointments at the University of Minnesota and at Harvard, and during the Second World War he joined the US Naval Ordnance Laboratory. In 1945 he joined the Bell Telephone Laboratories to head a new department to work on solid-state devices. While there, he and W.H. Brattain in 1948 published a paper that introduced the transistor. For this he, Brattain and Shockley won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1956. In 1951 he moved to the University of Illinois as Professor of Physics and Electrical Engineering. There he worked on superconductivity, a phenomenon described in 1911 by Kamerling-Onnes. Bardeen worked with L.N. Cooper and J.A.Schrieffer, and in 1972 they were awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics for the "BCS Theory", which suggested that, under certain circumstances at very low temperatures, electrons can form bound pairs.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Nobel Prize for Physics (jointly with Brattain and Shockley) 1956, (jointly with Cooper and Schrieffer) 1972.
    Further Reading
    Isaacs and E.Martin (eds), 1985, Longmans Dictionary of 20th Century Biography.
    IMcN

    Biographical history of technology > Bardeen, John

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