Перевод: со всех языков на все языки

со всех языков на все языки

first+state

  • 41 secret state police

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > secret state police

  • 42 Протокол маршрутизации по состоянию канала (link-state protocol) в стеке IP, позволяющий маршрутизаторам в одной автономной системе обмениваться информацией о маршрутах за счёт периодически рассылаемых сообщений о модификаци

    General subject: Open Shortest Path First

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Протокол маршрутизации по состоянию канала (link-state protocol) в стеке IP, позволяющий маршрутизаторам в одной автономной системе обмениваться информацией о маршрутах за счёт периодически рассылаемых сообщений о модификаци

  • 43 country of first asylum

    asylum state — государство, предоставляющее убежище

    English-Russian base dictionary > country of first asylum

  • 44 the first that

    to state authoritatively that … — авторитетно заявить, что …

    the theory prevails that … — существует теория о том, что …

    the story goes that he was murdered — говорят, что его убили

    it is my considered opinion that … — я твёрдо убеждён, что …

    I happen to know that … — мне случайно стало известно, что …

    English-Russian base dictionary > the first that

  • 45 steady state accuracy

    intrinsic accuracy — внутренняя точность; присущая точность

    accuracy in the mean — средняя точность; точность в среднем

    English-Russian big medical dictionary > steady state accuracy

  • 46 Because state space models are described by a set of first order differential equations, it is quite easy to solve them

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Because state space models are described by a set of first order differential equations, it is quite easy to solve them

  • 47 I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University

  • 48 Kievan Rus (The first East Slavic state formed around the town of Kiev)

    Религия: Киевская Русь

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Kievan Rus (The first East Slavic state formed around the town of Kiev)

  • 49 Kingdom of Jerusalem (A state formed in 1099 from territory in Palestine wrested from the Muslims by European Christians during the First Crusade and lasting until 1291)

    Религия: царство Иерусалимское

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Kingdom of Jerusalem (A state formed in 1099 from territory in Palestine wrested from the Muslims by European Christians during the First Crusade and lasting until 1291)

  • 50 Mir on Cristea (The first patriarch of the Romanian Orthodox Church, who worked for unity in church and state)

    Религия: Мирон

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Mir on Cristea (The first patriarch of the Romanian Orthodox Church, who worked for unity in church and state)

  • 51 Permanent Undersecretary of State for the Navy bureau First Assistant

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Permanent Undersecretary of State for the Navy bureau First Assistant

  • 52 blood pressure measured first thing in the morning in a fasting state

    English-Russian dictionary of program "Mir-Shuttle" > blood pressure measured first thing in the morning in a fasting state

  • 53 we shall state our case first ...

      • сначала мы изложим свои доводы...

    English-Russian dictionary of phrases and cliches for a specialist researcher > we shall state our case first ...

  • 54 Introduction

       Portugal is a small Western European nation with a large, distinctive past replete with both triumph and tragedy. One of the continent's oldest nation-states, Portugal has frontiers that are essentially unchanged since the late 14th century. The country's unique character and 850-year history as an independent state present several curious paradoxes. As of 1974, when much of the remainder of the Portuguese overseas empire was decolonized, Portuguese society appeared to be the most ethnically homogeneous of the two Iberian states and of much of Europe. Yet, Portuguese society had received, over the course of 2,000 years, infusions of other ethnic groups in invasions and immigration: Phoenicians, Greeks, Celts, Romans, Suevi, Visigoths, Muslims (Arab and Berber), Jews, Italians, Flemings, Burgundian French, black Africans, and Asians. Indeed, Portugal has been a crossroads, despite its relative isolation in the western corner of the Iberian Peninsula, between the West and North Africa, Tropical Africa, and Asia and America. Since 1974, Portugal's society has become less homogeneous, as there has been significant immigration of former subjects from its erstwhile overseas empire.
       Other paradoxes should be noted as well. Although Portugal is sometimes confused with Spain or things Spanish, its very national independence and national culture depend on being different from Spain and Spaniards. Today, Portugal's independence may be taken for granted. Since 1140, except for 1580-1640 when it was ruled by Philippine Spain, Portugal has been a sovereign state. Nevertheless, a recurring theme of the nation's history is cycles of anxiety and despair that its freedom as a nation is at risk. There is a paradox, too, about Portugal's overseas empire(s), which lasted half a millennium (1415-1975): after 1822, when Brazil achieved independence from Portugal, most of the Portuguese who emigrated overseas never set foot in their overseas empire, but preferred to immigrate to Brazil or to other countries in North or South America or Europe, where established Portuguese overseas communities existed.
       Portugal was a world power during the period 1415-1550, the era of the Discoveries, expansion, and early empire, and since then the Portuguese have experienced periods of decline, decadence, and rejuvenation. Despite the fact that Portugal slipped to the rank of a third- or fourth-rate power after 1580, it and its people can claim rightfully an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions that assure their place both in world and Western history. These distinctions should be kept in mind while acknowledging that, for more than 400 years, Portugal has generally lagged behind the rest of Western Europe, although not Southern Europe, in social and economic developments and has remained behind even its only neighbor and sometime nemesis, Spain.
       Portugal's pioneering role in the Discoveries and exploration era of the 15th and 16th centuries is well known. Often noted, too, is the Portuguese role in the art and science of maritime navigation through the efforts of early navigators, mapmakers, seamen, and fishermen. What are often forgotten are the country's slender base of resources, its small population largely of rural peasants, and, until recently, its occupation of only 16 percent of the Iberian Peninsula. As of 1139—10, when Portugal emerged first as an independent monarchy, and eventually a sovereign nation-state, England and France had not achieved this status. The Portuguese were the first in the Iberian Peninsula to expel the Muslim invaders from their portion of the peninsula, achieving this by 1250, more than 200 years before Castile managed to do the same (1492).
       Other distinctions may be noted. Portugal conquered the first overseas empire beyond the Mediterranean in the early modern era and established the first plantation system based on slave labor. Portugal's empire was the first to be colonized and the last to be decolonized in the 20th century. With so much of its scattered, seaborne empire dependent upon the safety and seaworthiness of shipping, Portugal was a pioneer in initiating marine insurance, a practice that is taken for granted today. During the time of Pombaline Portugal (1750-77), Portugal was the first state to organize and hold an industrial trade fair. In distinctive political and governmental developments, Portugal's record is more mixed, and this fact suggests that maintaining a government with a functioning rule of law and a pluralist, representative democracy has not been an easy matter in a country that for so long has been one of the poorest and least educated in the West. Portugal's First Republic (1910-26), only the third republic in a largely monarchist Europe (after France and Switzerland), was Western Europe's most unstable parliamentary system in the 20th century. Finally, the authoritarian Estado Novo or "New State" (1926-74) was the longest surviving authoritarian system in modern Western Europe. When Portugal departed from its overseas empire in 1974-75, the descendants, in effect, of Prince Henry the Navigator were leaving the West's oldest empire.
       Portugal's individuality is based mainly on its long history of distinc-tiveness, its intense determination to use any means — alliance, diplomacy, defense, trade, or empire—to be a sovereign state, independent of Spain, and on its national pride in the Portuguese language. Another master factor in Portuguese affairs deserves mention. The country's politics and government have been influenced not only by intellectual currents from the Atlantic but also through Spain from Europe, which brought new political ideas and institutions and novel technologies. Given the weight of empire in Portugal's past, it is not surprising that public affairs have been hostage to a degree to what happened in her overseas empire. Most important have been domestic responses to imperial affairs during both imperial and internal crises since 1415, which have continued to the mid-1970s and beyond. One of the most important themes of Portuguese history, and one oddly neglected by not a few histories, is that every major political crisis and fundamental change in the system—in other words, revolution—since 1415 has been intimately connected with a related imperial crisis. The respective dates of these historical crises are: 1437, 1495, 1578-80, 1640, 1820-22, 1890, 1910, 1926-30, 1961, and 1974. The reader will find greater detail on each crisis in historical context in the history section of this introduction and in relevant entries.
       LAND AND PEOPLE
       The Republic of Portugal is located on the western edge of the Iberian Peninsula. A major geographical dividing line is the Tagus River: Portugal north of it has an Atlantic orientation; the country to the south of it has a Mediterranean orientation. There is little physical evidence that Portugal is clearly geographically distinct from Spain, and there is no major natural barrier between the two countries along more than 1,214 kilometers (755 miles) of the Luso-Spanish frontier. In climate, Portugal has a number of microclimates similar to the microclimates of Galicia, Estremadura, and Andalusia in neighboring Spain. North of the Tagus, in general, there is an Atlantic-type climate with higher rainfall, cold winters, and some snow in the mountainous areas. South of the Tagus is a more Mediterranean climate, with hot, dry, often rainless summers and cool, wet winters. Lisbon, the capital, which has a fifth of the country's population living in its region, has an average annual mean temperature about 16° C (60° F).
       For a small country with an area of 92,345 square kilometers (35,580 square miles, including the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and the Madeiras), which is about the size of the state of Indiana in the United States, Portugal has a remarkable diversity of regional topography and scenery. In some respects, Portugal resembles an island within the peninsula, embodying a unique fusion of European and non-European cultures, akin to Spain yet apart. Its geography is a study in contrasts, from the flat, sandy coastal plain, in some places unusually wide for Europe, to the mountainous Beira districts or provinces north of the Tagus, to the snow-capped mountain range of the Estrela, with its unique ski area, to the rocky, barren, remote Trás-os-Montes district bordering Spain. There are extensive forests in central and northern Portugal that contrast with the flat, almost Kansas-like plains of the wheat belt in the Alentejo district. There is also the unique Algarve district, isolated somewhat from the Alentejo district by a mountain range, with a microclimate, topography, and vegetation that resemble closely those of North Africa.
       Although Portugal is small, just 563 kilometers (337 miles) long and from 129 to 209 kilometers (80 to 125 miles) wide, it is strategically located on transportation and communication routes between Europe and North Africa, and the Americas and Europe. Geographical location is one key to the long history of Portugal's three overseas empires, which stretched once from Morocco to the Moluccas and from lonely Sagres at Cape St. Vincent to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is essential to emphasize the identity of its neighbors: on the north and east Portugal is bounded by Spain, its only neighbor, and by the Atlantic Ocean on the south and west. Portugal is the westernmost country of Western Europe, and its shape resembles a face, with Lisbon below the nose, staring into the
       Atlantic. No part of Portugal touches the Mediterranean, and its Atlantic orientation has been a response in part to turning its back on Castile and Léon (later Spain) and exploring, traveling, and trading or working in lands beyond the peninsula. Portugal was the pioneering nation in the Atlantic-born European discoveries during the Renaissance, and its diplomatic and trade relations have been dominated by countries that have been Atlantic powers as well: Spain; England (Britain since 1707); France; Brazil, once its greatest colony; and the United States.
       Today Portugal and its Atlantic islands have a population of roughly 10 million people. While ethnic homogeneity has been characteristic of it in recent history, Portugal's population over the centuries has seen an infusion of non-Portuguese ethnic groups from various parts of Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. Between 1500 and 1800, a significant population of black Africans, brought in as slaves, was absorbed in the population. And since 1950, a population of Cape Verdeans, who worked in menial labor, has resided in Portugal. With the influx of African, Goan, and Timorese refugees and exiles from the empire—as many as three quarters of a million retornados ("returned ones" or immigrants from the former empire) entered Portugal in 1974 and 1975—there has been greater ethnic diversity in the Portuguese population. In 2002, there were 239,113 immigrants legally residing in Portugal: 108,132 from Africa; 24,806 from Brazil; 15,906 from Britain; 14,617 from Spain; and 11,877 from Germany. In addition, about 200,000 immigrants are living in Portugal from eastern Europe, mainly from Ukraine. The growth of Portugal's population is reflected in the following statistics:
       1527 1,200,000 (estimate only)
       1768 2,400,000 (estimate only)
       1864 4,287,000 first census
       1890 5,049,700
       1900 5,423,000
       1911 5,960,000
       1930 6,826,000
       1940 7,185,143
       1950 8,510,000
       1960 8,889,000
       1970 8,668,000* note decrease
       1980 9,833,000
       1991 9,862,540
       1996 9,934,100
       2006 10,642,836
       2010 10,710,000 (estimated)

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Introduction

  • 55 पूर्व _pūrva

    पूर्व a. (Declined like a pronoun when it implies relative position in time or space, but optionally so in nom. pl.; and abl. and loc. sing.)
    1 Being in front of, first, foremost.
    -2 Eastern, easterly, to the east of; ग्रामात् पर्वतः पूर्वः Sk.; पूर्वापरौ तोयनिधी वगाह्य Ku.1.1.
    -3 Previous to, earlier than; ब्राह्मणे साहसः पूर्वः Ms.8.276.
    -4 Old, ancient; पूर्वसूरिभिः R.1.4; इदं कविभ्यः पूर्वेभ्यो नमोवाकं प्रशास्महे U.1.1.
    -5 Former, previous, anterior, prior, antecedent (opp. उत्तर); in this sense often at the end of comp. and translated by 'formerly.' or 'before'; श्रुतपूर्व &c.; व्यतीता या निशा पूर्वा पौराणां हर्षवर्धिनी Rām.7.37.1.
    -6 Aforesaid, before-mentioned.
    -7 Initial.
    -8 Established, customary, of long standing
    -9 Early, prime, पूर्वे वयसि Pt.1.165 'in early age or prime of life.
    -1 Elder (ज्येष्ठ); रामः पूर्वो हि नो भ्राता भविष्यति महीपतिः Rām.2.79.8.
    -11 (At the end of comp.) Preceded by, accompanied by, attended with; संबन्धमा भाषणपूर्वमाहुः R.2.58; पुण्यः शब्दो मुनिरिति मुहुः केवलं राजपूर्वः Ś2.17; तान् स्मितपूर्वमाह Ku.7.47; बहुमानपूर्वया 5.31; दशपूर्वरथं यमाख्यया दशकण्ठारिगुरुं विदुर्बुधाः R.8.29; so मतिपूर्वम् Ms.11.147 'intentionally', 'knowingly'; 12.89; अबोधपूर्वम् 'unconsciously', Ś.5.2. &c.
    -र्वः An ancestor, a forefather; पूर्वैः किलायं परिवर्धितो नः R.13.3; पयः पूर्वैः सनिश्वासैः कवोष्णमुपभुज्यते 1.67;5.14; अनुकारिणि पूर्वेषां युक्तरूपमिदं त्वयि Ś.2.17.
    -र्वम् The fore- part; अनवरतधनुर्ज्यास्फालनक्रूरपूर्वम् (गात्रम्) Ś.2.4.
    -र्वा 1 The east
    -2 N. of a country to the east of Madhya- deśa.
    -र्वम् ind.
    1 Before (with abl.); मासात् पूर्वम्.
    -2 Formerly, previously, at first, antecedently, before- hand; तं पूर्वमभिवादयेत् Ms.2.117;3.94;8.25;; R. 12.35; प्रणिपातपूर्वम् K; भूतपूर्वखरालयम् U.2.17 'which formerly was the abode', &c.; समयपूर्वम् Ś.5. 'after a formal agreement.'
    -3 Immemorially. (पूर्वेण 'in front', 'before', 'to the east of', with gen. or acc.; अद्य पूर्वम् 'till-now', 'hitherto';
    पूर्वः -ततः -पश्चात् -उपरि 'first- then, first-afterwards', 'previously, subsequently',
    पूर्वम् -अधुना or
    -अद्य 'formerly-now.'
    -Comp. -अग्निः the sacred fire kept in the house (आवसथ्य).
    -अङ्गः the first day in the civil month.
    -अचलः, -अद्रिः the eastern mountain behind which the sun and moon are supposed to rise.
    -अधिकारिन् m. the first occu- pant, a prior owner.
    -अन्तः the end of a preceding word.
    1 eastern and western; कतमो$यं पूर्वापर- समुद्रावगाढः सानुमानालोक्यते Ś.7; पूर्वापरौ तोयनिधी वगाह्य Ku. 1.1.
    -2 first and last.
    -3 prior and subsequent, pre- ceding and following.
    -4 connected with another.
    (-रम्) 1 what is before and behind.
    -2 connection; न च पूर्वापरं विद्यात् Ms.8.56.
    -3 the proof and the thing to be proved. ˚विरोधः inconsistency, incongruity.
    -अभि- मुख a. turned towards or facing the east.
    -अभ्यासः former practice or experience.
    -अम्बुधिः the eastern ocean.
    -अर्जित a. attained by former works. (
    -तम्) ancestral property.
    -अर्धः, -र्धम् 1 the first half; दिनस्य पूर्वार्धपरार्धभिन्ना छायेव मैत्री खलसज्जनानाम् Bh.2.6; समाप्तं पूर्वार्धम् &c.
    -2 the upper part (of the body); शकुन्तला पूर्वार्धेन शयनादुत्थाय Ś.3; R.16.6.
    -3 the first half of a hemistich.
    -अवसायिन् a. what occurs first or earlier; पूर्वावसायिनश्च बलीयांसो जघन्यावसायिभ्यः ŚB. on MS.12.2.34.
    -अह्णः the earlier part of the day, forenoon; Ms.4. 96,152. श्वः कार्यमद्य कुर्वीत पूर्वाह्णे चापराह्णिकम् (पूर्वाह्णतन, पूर्वा- ह्णिकः, पूर्वाह्णेतन a. relating to the forenoon).
    -आवेदकः a plaintiff.
    -आषाढा N. of the 2th lunar mansion con- sisting of two stars.
    - इतर a. western.
    -उक्त, -उदित a. beforementioned, aforesaid,
    -उत्तर a. north-eastern. (
    -रा) the north-east. (
    -रे dual) the preceding and following, antecedent and subsequent.
    -कर्मन् n.
    1 a former act or work.
    -2 the first thing to be done, a prior work.
    -3 actions done in a former life.
    -4 preparations, preliminary arrangements.
    -कल्पः former times.
    -कायः 1 the fore-part of the body of animals; पश्चार्धेन प्रविष्टः शरपतनभयाद् भूयसा पूर्वकायम् Ś.1.7.
    -2 the upper part of the body of men; स्पृशन् करेणानतपूर्वकायम् R.5.32; पर्यङ्कबन्धस्थिरपूर्वकायम् Ku.3.45.
    -काल a. belonging to ancient times. (
    -लः) former or ancient times.
    -कालिक, -कालीन a. ancient.
    -काष्ठा the east, eastern quarter.
    -कृत a. previously done. (
    -तम्) an act done in a former life.
    -कोटिः f. the starting point of a debate, the first statement or पूर्वपक्ष q. v.
    -क्रिया preparation.
    -गा N. of the river Godāvarī.
    -गङ्गा N. of the river Narmadā; रेवेन्दुजा पूर्वगङ्गा नर्मदा मेकलीद्रिजा Abh. Chin.183.
    -चोदित a.
    1 aforesaid, above-men- tioned.
    -2 previously stated or advanced (as an objec- tion.
    -ज a.
    1 born or produced before or formerly, first-produced, first-born; यमयोः पूर्वजः पार्थः Mb.3.141. 11.
    -2 ancient, old.
    -3 eastern.
    (-जः) 1 an elder brother; अपहाय महीशमार्चिचत् सदसि त्वां ननु भामपूर्वजः; Śi. 16.44; R.15.36.
    -2 the son of the elder wife.
    -3 an ancestor, a forefather; स पूर्वजानां कपिलेन रोषात् R.16.34.
    -4 (pl.) the progenitors of mankind.
    -5 the manes living in the world of the moon. (
    -जा) an elder sister.
    -जन्मन् n. a former birth. (-m.) an elder brother; स लक्ष्मणं लक्ष्मणपूर्वजन्मा (विलोक्य) R.14.44.;15.95.
    -जातिः f. a former birth.
    -ज्ञानम् knowledge of a former life.
    -तापनीयम् N. of the first half of नृसिंहतापनीयोपनिषद्.
    -दक्षिण a. south-eastern. (
    -णा) the south-east.
    -दिक्पतिः Indra, the regent of the east.
    -दिनम् the forenoon.
    -दिश् f. the east.
    -दिश्य a. situated towards the east, eastern.
    -दिष्टम् the award of destiny.
    -दृष्ट a.
    1 primæval.
    -2 declared by the ancients; यथा ब्राह्मण- चाण्डालः पूर्वदृष्टस्तथैव सः Ms.9.87.
    -देवः 1 an ancient deity.
    -2 a demon or Asura; भूमिदेवनरदेवसंगमे पूर्वदेवरिपुरर्हणां हरिः Śi.14.58.
    -3 a progenitor (पितृ).
    -4 (du.) an epithet of Nara-Nārāyaṇa; सव्यसाचिन् महाबाहो पूर्वदेव सनातन Mb.3. 41.35. (com. पूर्वदेव नरनारायणसख).
    -देवता a progenitor (पितृ) of gods or of men; अक्रोधनाः शौचपराः सततं ब्रह्म- चारिणः । न्यस्तशस्त्रा महाभागाः पितरः पूर्वदेवताः ॥ Ms.3.192.
    -देशः the eastern country, or the eastern part of India.
    -द्वार a. favourable in the eastern region.
    -निपातः the irregular priority of a word in a compound; cf. परनिपात.
    -निमित्त an omen.
    -निविष्ट a. made formerly, in past; यस्तु पूर्वनिविष्टस्य तडागस्योदकं हरेत् Ms.9.281.
    -पक्षः 1 the fore-part or side.
    -2 the first half of a lunar month; सर्वं पूर्वपक्षापरपक्षाभ्यामभिपन्नम् Bṛi. Up.3.1.5.
    -3 the first part of an argument, the prima facie argument or view of a question; विषयो विशयश्चैव पूर्वपक्षस्तथोत्तरम्.
    -4 the first objection to an argument.
    -5 the statement of the plaintiff.
    -6 a suit at law.
    -7 an assertion, a proposi- tion. ˚पादः the plaint, the first stage of a legal proceeding.
    -पदम् the first member of a compound or sentence.
    -पर्वतः the eastern mountain behind which the sun is supposed to rise.
    -पश्चात्, -पश्चिम ind. from the east to the west.
    -पाञ्चालक a. belonging to the eastern Pañch- ālas.
    -पाणिनीयाः m. (pl.) the disciples of Pāṇini living in the east.
    -पालिन् m. an epithet of Indra.
    -पितामहः a forefather, an ancestor; अब्रवीद् हि स मां क्रुद्धस्तव पूर्वपितामहः । मूत्रश्लेष्माशनः पाप निरयं प्रतिपत्स्यसे ॥ Mb.12.3.21.
    -पीठिका introduction.
    -पुरुषः 1 an epithet of Brahmā.
    -2 anyone of the first three ancestors, beginning with the father (पितृ, पितामह, and प्रपितामह); Pt.1.89.
    -3 an ancestor in general.
    -पूर्व a. each preceding one. (
    -र्वाः) m. (pl.) forefathers.
    -प्रोष्ठपदा = पूर्वभाद्रपदा; Mb.13.89.13.
    -फल्गुनी the eleventh lunar mansion containing two stars. ˚भवः an epithet of the planet Jupiter.
    -बन्धुः first or best friend; Mk.
    -भवः a former life.
    -भागः 1 the forepart.
    -2 the upper part.
    -भा(भ)द्रपदा the twentyfifth lunar mansion containing two stars.
    -भावः 1 priority.
    -2 prior or antecedent existence; येन सहैव यस्य यं प्रति पूर्वभावो$वगम्यते Tarka K.
    -3 (Rhet.) disclosing an intention.
    -भाषिन् a. willing to speak first; hence polite, courteous.
    -भुक्तिः f. prior occupation or possession; Ms.8.252.
    -भूत a. preceding, previous.
    -मध्याह्नः the forenoon.
    -मारिन् a. dying before; एवंवृत्तां सवर्णां स्त्रीं द्विजातिः पूर्वमारिणीम् (दाहयेत्) Ms.5.167.
    -मीमांसा 'the prior or first Mīmāṁsā', an inquiry into the first or ritual portion of the Veda, as opposed to the उत्तरमीमांसा or वेदान्त; see मीमांसा.
    -मुख a. having the face turned towards the east.
    -याम्य a. south-eastern.
    -रङ्गः the commencement or prelude of a drama, the prologue; यन्नाठ्यवस्तुनः पूर्वं रङ्गविघ्नोपशान्तये । कुशीलवाः प्रकुर्वन्ति पूर्वरङ्गः स उच्यते ॥ D. R; पूर्वरङ्गं विधायैव सूत्रधारो निवर्तते S. D.283; पूर्वरङ्गः प्रसंगाय नाटकीयस्य वस्तुनः Śi.2.8. (see Malli. there- on).
    -रागः the dawning or incipient love, love between two persons which springs (from some previous cause) before their meeting; श्रवणाद् दर्शनाद् वापि मिथः संरूढरागयोः । दशाविशेषोयो$प्राप्तौ पूर्वरागः स उच्यते ॥ S. D.214.
    -रात्रः the first part of the night (from dusk to midnight).
    -रूपम् 1 indication of an approaching change; an omen.
    -2 a symptom of occuring disease.
    -3 the first of two con- current vowels or consonants that is retained.
    -4 (in Rhet.) a figure of speech which consists in describing anything as suddenly resuming its former state.
    -लक्षणम् a symptom of coming sickness.
    -वयस् a. young. (-n.) youth.
    -वर्तिन् a. existing before, prior, previous.
    -वाक्यम् (in dram.) an allusion to former utterance.
    -वादः the first plea or commencement of an action at law; पूर्ववादं परित्यज्य यो$न्यमालम्बते पुनः । पदसंक्रमणाद् ज्ञेयो हीनवादी स वै नरः ॥ Mitā.
    -वादिन् m. the complainant or plaintiff.
    -विद् a. knowing the events of the past; historian; पृथोरपीमां पृथिवीं भार्यां पूर्वविदो विदुः Ms.9.44.
    -विप्रतिषेधः the conflict of two statements contrary to each other.
    -विहित a. deposited before.
    -वृत्तम् 1 a former event; पूर्ववृत्तकथितैः पुराविदः सानुजः पितृ- सखस्य राघवः (अह्यमानः) R.11.1.
    -2 previous conduct.
    -वैरिन् a. one who first commences hostilities, an ag- gressor.
    -शारद a. relating to the first half of autumn.
    -शैलः see पूर्वपर्वत.
    -सक्थम् the upper part of the thigh. P. V.4.98.
    -संचित a. gathered before (as in former birth); त्यजेदाश्वयुजे मासि मुन्यन्नं पूर्वसंचितम् Ms.6.15.
    -सन्ध्या daybreak, dawn; रजनिमचिरजाता पूर्वसंध्या सुतैव (अनुपतति) Si.11.4.
    -सर a. going in front.
    -सागरः the eastern ocean; स सेनां महतीं कर्षन् पूर्वसागरगामिनीम् R.4.32.
    -साहसः the first of the three fines; स दाप्यः पूर्वसाहसम् Ms.9.281.
    -स्थितिः f. former or first state.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > पूर्व _pūrva

  • 56 Referendar

    m; -s, -e; im Staatsdienst: trainee; PÄD. trainee teacher, Am. auch intern; JUR. junior lawyer (oder Brit. barrister), law ( oder articled) clerk
    * * *
    Referendare are candidates for a higher civil-service post who are doing practical training. They might, for example, be prospective Gymnasium teachers who have already taken the first Staatsexamen and are now doing two years of teaching practice. At the end of the Referendar period they take the second Staatsexamen, and only then is their teacher training complete. See: → Gymnasium, Staatsexamen
    * * *
    Re·fe·ren·dar(in)
    <-s, -e>
    [referɛnˈda:ɐ̯]
    m(f) candidates for a higher post in the civil service who have passed the first set of state examinations (Staatsexamen) and are undergoing practical training; SCH student [or trainee] teacher; JUR articled clerk BRIT
    * * *
    der; Referendars, Referendare, Referendarin die; Referendar, Referendarnen candidate for a higher civil-service post who has passed the first state examination and is undergoing in-service training
    * * *
    Referendar m; -s, -e; im Staatsdienst: trainee; SCHULE trainee teacher, US auch intern; JUR junior lawyer (oder Br barrister), law ( oder articled) clerk
    * * *
    der; Referendars, Referendare, Referendarin die; Referendar, Referendarnen candidate for a higher civil-service post who has passed the first state examination and is undergoing in-service training
    * * *
    m.
    professional trainee n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Referendar

  • 57 Delaware

    [ˊdelǝwɜǝr] Делавэр, штат на Атлантическом побережье, у залива Делавэр < в честь Делавэра [De La Warr], губернатора Виргинии в начале XVII в.>. Прозвища: «первый штат» [*First State], «штат-бриллиант» [*Diamond State]. Житель штата: делавэрец [Delawarean]. Столица: г. Довер [Dover]. Девиз: «Свобода и независимость» [‘Liberty and Independence']. Песня: «Наш Делавэр» [‘Our Delaware']. Цветок: цветущий персик [peach blossom]. Птица: цыплёнок курицы с синеватым оперением [Blue Hen chicken]. Дерево: американский остролист [American holly]. Площадь: 5133 кв. км. (2,045 sq. mi.) (49- е место). Население (1992): ок. 690 тыс. (46- е место). Крупнейший город: Уилмингтон [Wilmington]. Экономика: высокоразвитый индустриальный штат с преобладанием химической промышленности; вотчина крупнейшего химического треста — «Дюпон де Немур». Интенсивное сельское хозяйство пригородного типа. Основные отрасли: химия, сельское хозяйство, птицеводство, сбор моллюсков, туризм, сборка автомобилей, пищевая промышленность, транспортное оборудование. Основная продукция: нейлон, одежда, чемоданы, продукты питания, мясные и овощные консервы, железнодорожное и авиационное оборудование. Сельское хозяйство. Основные культуры: соя, картофель, кукуруза, грибы, лима-бобы, зелёный горошек, ячмень, огурцы, фасоль, арбузы, яблоки. Животноводство (1992): скота — 39 тыс., птицы — 236,5 млн. Лесное хозяйство: продукция переработки леса на 1,8 млн. долл. (1982). Минералы: строительный песок и гравий, мергель. Рыболовство (1992): на 4,2 млн. долл. История. Вначале в 1631 в районе нынешнего г. Льюис [Lewis] поселились голландцы, но были уничтожены индейцами. В 1638 в районе нынешнего Уилмингтона [Wilmington] возникло шведское поселение. Голландцы снова появились здесь в 1651 возле Нью- Кастла [New Castle] и в 1655 захватили шведское поселение, но в 1664 Делавэр, как и вся колония Новые Нидерланды, был захвачен англичанами. Достопримечательности: Форт- Кристина [Ft. Christina Monument], оставшийся от шведского поселения; Музей Генри Дюпона [*Du Pont, Henry Francis]; пляж Реобот [Rehoboth Beach], известный как «летняя столица страны»; международный спидвей Доувер- Даунс [Dover Downs]; старая шведская церковь Св. Троицы [Trinity Parish], воздвигнутая в 1698 — самая старая в США протестантская церковь и всё ещё действующая. Наиболее известные делавэрцы: Дюпон, Элетер [*Du° Pont, Eleuthire Irenee], промышленник и финансист; Маркванд, Джон [Marquand, John P.], писатель. Ассоциации: очень маленький штат (часто даже забывают, что это штат, а не пригород Нью-Йорка); первый штат [*First State], подписавший Декларацию независимости; вотчина крупнейшего химического треста «Дюпон де Немур», Уилмингтон иногда называют «химической столицей мира» [‘chemical capital of the world']

    США. Лингвострановедческий англо-русский словарь > Delaware

  • 58 начальное состояние

    2) Mathematics: reference state, start state
    3) Mechanics: release state
    4) Programming: creation state, first state
    5) Automation: release condition (реле)

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > начальное состояние

  • 59 Rechtsreferendar

    m, Rechtsreferendarin f JUR. law student who has passed the first state examination: etwa junior lawyer
    * * *
    Rẹchts|re|fe|ren|dar(in)
    m(f)
    articled clerk (Brit), legal intern (US)

    Rechtsreferendar sein — to be under articles (Brit), to be a legal intern (US)

    * * *
    Rechtsreferendar m, Rechtsreferendarin f JUR law student who has passed the first state examination: etwa junior lawyer

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Rechtsreferendar

  • 60 Delaware

    I 1.
    1) делавары, (ленни-)ленапы
    Группа индейских племен долины р. Делавэр [ Delaware River] и соседних территорий, в 1600 насчитывала 8-10 тыс. человек. В 1990 в США было 9,3 тыс. человек, из них в Оклахоме - 2,9 тыс. (зарегистрированные делавары [Registered Delaware] - основная часть племени, живущая на северо-востоке штата среди чероки [ Cherokee], переселившаяся сюда в 1867 из Канзаса; делавары западной Оклахомы [Delaware Indian Tribe of Western Oklahoma] - около 0,5 тыс. человек, объединены с племенами кэддо [ Caddo] и вичита [ Wichita], вместе с которыми они поселились на р. Уошито [ Washita River] в 1859 и ныне владеют там 257 кв. км земли; отделившиеся делавары [Absentee Delaware]); в Висконсине [ Munsee], в Нью-Джерси - 1,35 тыс. человек на северо-востоке штата; и около 1 тыс. человек в Канаде
    2.
    Относится к алгонкинской группе [ Algonquian].
    II
    Штат в группе Южно-Атлантических штатов [ South Atlantic States]. Площадь - 5,3 тыс. кв. км. Население - 783,6 тыс. человек (2000). Столица - Довер [ Dover]. Крупнейшие города - Уилмингтон [ Wilmington], Ньюарк [ Newark], Милфорд [Milford]. Расположен на северо-востоке полуострова Делмарва [ Delmarva Peninsula], граничит с Мэрилендом [ Maryland] на юге и западе, с Пенсильванией [ Pennsylvania] на севере. Большая часть штата находится на Приатлантической низменности [Coastal plain]. На северо-западе - холмистая местность Пидмонт [Piedmont]. Главная река - Делавэр [ Delaware River], протекающая вдоль восточной границы штата, в котором имеется множество мелких речушек и озер. Теплый умеренный и влажный климат с мягкой зимой и жарким летом. Делавэр входил в число Тринадцати колоний [ Thirteen Colonies], стал первым штатом, ратифицировавшим Конституцию США [ Constitution, U.S.]. Г. Хадсон [ Hudson, Henry] под голландским флагом открыл эти земли в 1609. Капитан Сэмюэл Арголл [Argoll, Samuel] обследовал р. Делавэр в 1610 и назвал ее в честь барона де Лавэрра [ De La Warr, Thomas West, Baron], бывшего в то время губернатором Вирджинии [Royal Colony of Virginia]. Голландцы основали здесь поселение, пришедшее в упадок к 1631. Шведы основали в 1638 форт Кристина [Fort Christina] на месте современного Уилмингтона, но Новая Швеция [ New Sweden] распалась в 1655 под натиском голландцев во главе с губернатором Новых Нидерландов [ New Netherland] П. Стайвесантом [ Stuyvesant, Peter]. Англичане присвоили эти земли в 1664, и они были включены в состав Пенсильвании в 1682 как три южных округа [Three Counties]. После 1704 Делавэр обладал частичной автономией, и его граждане принимали активное участие в Американской революции [ War of Independence]. Штат процветал в первые годы независимости США. Основной отраслью промышленности была мукомольная. В 1802 Э. И. Дюпон [ Du Pont de Nemours, Eleuthere Irenee] построил у Уилмингтона пороховой завод, заложив тем самым основу будущей химической промышленности. Несмотря на то, что Делавэр в период Гражданской войны [ Civil War] оставался рабовладельческим штатом, он не вышел из Союза [ Union]. Влияние квакеров [ Quakers] способствовало освобождению многих рабов уже к 1860. Начиная с первой мировой войны, в штате шел постоянный процесс урбанизации и индустриализации - огромная роль в этом процессе принадлежала семье Дюпонов. В 70-80-е гг. XX в. начался процесс перемещения населения в пригороды [ suburb]. До 1920 сельское хозяйство доминировало в экономике штата, сегодня играет относительно второстепенную роль (бройлеры, соевые бобы, овощи, молочные продукты). Ведущую роль играет химическая промышленность. Налоги на деятельность корпораций крайне низкие [ Delaware corporation], что способствует привлечению многих фирм, зарегистрированных, но не работающих в штате.

    English-Russian dictionary of regional studies > Delaware

Страницы

См. также в других словарях:

  • First State — (* 1981; bürgerlicher Name Sander van der Waal) ist ein niederländischer Trance DJ und Musikproduzent. Er ist auch unter dem Pseudonym Sander van Dien bekannt. Ursprünglich war First State ein Trance Duo, aber Ralph Barendse verliess das Projekt… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • First State — noun a Mid Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies • Syn: ↑Delaware, ↑Diamond State, ↑DE • Instance Hypernyms: ↑American state • Part Holonyms: ↑United States, ↑ …   Useful english dictionary

  • First State Bank — bezeichnet mehrere gleichnamige, im NRHP gelistete, Objekte: First State Bank (Kansas), ID Nr. 82000417 First State Bank (Minnesota), ID Nr. 82003058 First State Bank (Oklahoma), ID Nr. 83004170 Diese Seite ist eine Begriffsklärung …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • First State Heritage Park at Dover — Geobox Protected Area name = First State Heritage Park at Dover native name = other name = other name1 = category local = Delaware State Park category iucn = image caption = The Delaware State Capitol (or Legislative Hall) in Dover etymology type …   Wikipedia

  • First State Bank (Nebraska) — Infobox Company company name = First State Bank company company type = Private foundation = Gothenburg, Nebraska February 1906 location = flagicon|USA Gothenburg, Nebraska num employees = 65 industry = Finance and Insurance products = Financial… …   Wikipedia

  • First State Fusion — ABA team color1 = black color2 = #c00 pixels = 150px founded = 2007 folded = 0 league = ABA 2007 present history = First State Fusion 2007 present arena = Memorial Hall, Delaware State University city = Dover, Delaware colors = TBA owner =… …   Wikipedia

  • First State — Delaware (used as a nickname). * * * …   Universalium

  • First State — Delaware …   Eponyms, nicknames, and geographical games

  • First State — /fɜst ˈsteɪt/ (say ferst stayt) noun the, New South Wales …  

  • DART First State — (Delaware Transit Corporation) DART 1st State bus #111 in downtown Wilmington, Delaware at Rodney Square …   Wikipedia

  • Colonial First State — Type Subsidiary Industry Financial Services Founded 1988 Headquarters Sydney, New South Wales, Australia …   Wikipedia

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Прямая ссылка:
… Нажмите правой клавишей мыши и выберите «Копировать ссылку»