-
41 culture
1) (a form or type of civilization of a certain race or nation: the Jewish culture.) kultur; kulturliv; levevis2) (improvement of the mind etc by education etc: He was an enthusiastic seeker of culture.) kultur; dannelse3) (educated taste in art, literature, music etc: He thinks that anyone who dislikes Bach is lacking in culture.) kultur; dannelse4) ((a) cultivated growth of bacteria etc.) dyrket5) (the commercial rearing of fish, certain plants etc.) opdræt•- cultural- cultured* * *1) (a form or type of civilization of a certain race or nation: the Jewish culture.) kultur; kulturliv; levevis2) (improvement of the mind etc by education etc: He was an enthusiastic seeker of culture.) kultur; dannelse3) (educated taste in art, literature, music etc: He thinks that anyone who dislikes Bach is lacking in culture.) kultur; dannelse4) ((a) cultivated growth of bacteria etc.) dyrket5) (the commercial rearing of fish, certain plants etc.) opdræt•- cultural- cultured -
42 culture
1) (a form or type of civilization of a certain race or nation: the Jewish culture.) cultura2) (improvement of the mind etc by education etc: He was an enthusiastic seeker of culture.) cultura3) (educated taste in art, literature, music etc: He thinks that anyone who dislikes Bach is lacking in culture.) cultura4) ((a) cultivated growth of bacteria etc.) cultivo5) (the commercial rearing of fish, certain plants etc.) cultivo•- cultural- cultured
culture n culturatr['kʌlʧəSMALLr/SMALL]1 (gen) cultura2 (growth) cultivo\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLculture gap diferencia culturalculture shock choque nombre masculino culturalculture vulture devorador,-ra de culturaculture ['kʌlʧər] n1) cultivation: cultivo m2) refinement: cultura f, educación f, refinamiento m3) civilization: cultura f, civilización fthe Incan culture: la cultura incan.• cultivo s.m.• cultura s.f.• lectura s.f.v.• cultivar v.
I 'kʌltʃər, 'kʌltʃə(r)1) c u ( civilization) cultura f; (before n)culture shock — choque m cultural or de culturas
2) u ( intellectual activity) cultura f3) c u (Agr, Biol) cultivo m
II
transitive verb cultivar['kʌltʃǝ(r)]1. N1) (=the arts) cultura f ; (=civilization) civilización f, cultura f2) (=education, refinement) cultura fshe has no culture — carece de cultura, es una inculta
3) (Agr) (=breeding) cría f ; [of plants etc] cultivo m2.VT [+ tissue etc] cultivar3.CPDculture clash N — choque m de culturas, choque m cultural
culture fluid N — caldo m de cultivo
culture gap N — vacío m cultural
culture medium N — caldo m de cultivo
culture shock N — choque m cultural
culture vulture * N — hum cultureta * mf
* * *
I ['kʌltʃər, 'kʌltʃə(r)]1) c u ( civilization) cultura f; (before n)culture shock — choque m cultural or de culturas
2) u ( intellectual activity) cultura f3) c u (Agr, Biol) cultivo m
II
transitive verb cultivar -
43 owe
1. IIIowe smth. owe money (a large sum, five weeks' rent, etc.) быть должным /задолжать/ деньги и т.д.; how much do I owe you?' сколько я вам должен?2. Vowe smb. smth.1) I owe you money (ten pounds, five weeks' rent, etc.) я вам должен деньги и т.д.; now I don't owe you anything теперь я вам ничего не должен /с вами полностью расплатился/; I paid him what I owed him я отдал ему то, что был должен, я расплатился /рассчитался/ с ним2) owe him one's life (one's success, one's education, etc.) быть обязанным сну своей жизнью и т.д.3. XXI11) owe smth. to smb., smth. owe money to one's neighbours (the book to the library, etc.) быть должным [деньги] соседу и т.д.; owe smb. for smth. owe smb. for his services (for the delivery, for ad overcoat, etc.) быть должным кому-л. за его услуги и т.д; you owe me two roubles for the tickets вы должны мне /с вас/ два рубля за билеты; how much do I owe you for this? сколько с меня причитается за это?2) owe smth. to smb., smth. owe one's life to him (one's safety to one's friends, this ability to one's mother, one's health to smb.'s care, one's position to smb.'s recommendation, one's success to hard work, etc.) быть обязанным ему своей жизнью и т.д.; I owe it to him that I am still alive (that I got an education, that my book was published, etc.) тем, что я еще жив и т.д., я обязан ему; he owes his success to good luck своим успехом он обязан счастливому случаю; I owe a debt of gratitude to my teachers я очень благодарен своим учителям; we owe to Newton the principle of gravity открытием закона всемирного тяготения мы обязаны Ньютону -
44 background
1) (the space behind the principal or most important figures or objects of a picture etc: He always paints ships against a background of stormy skies; trees in the background of the picture.) baggrund2) (happenings that go before, and help to explain, an event etc: the background to a situation.) baggrund3) (a person's origins, education etc: She was ashamed of her humble background.) baggrund* * *1) (the space behind the principal or most important figures or objects of a picture etc: He always paints ships against a background of stormy skies; trees in the background of the picture.) baggrund2) (happenings that go before, and help to explain, an event etc: the background to a situation.) baggrund3) (a person's origins, education etc: She was ashamed of her humble background.) baggrund -
45 school
I 1. [skuːl]1) scuola f.2) (college) (of music, education etc.) facoltà f.to go to medical, law school — studiare medicina, legge
3) AE (university) università f.4) (of painting, literature, thought) scuola f.2.modificatore [holiday, outing, life, uniform, year, fees] scolastico; (of particular school) [canteen, library, playground] della scuola••II [skuːl]to learn sth. in a hard school — imparare qcs. alla dura scuola della vita
1) (educate)III [skuːl]to school sb. in [sth.] — insegnare [qcs.] a qcn. [art, trick]
nome (of whales, dolphins etc.) branco m.* * *I 1. [sku:l] noun1) (a place for teaching especially children: She goes to the school; He's not at university - he's still at school; (American) He's still in school.)2) (the pupils of a school: The behaviour of this school in public is sometimes not very good.)3) (a series of meetings or a place for instruction etc: She runs a sewing school; a driving school.)4) (a department of a university or college dealing with a particular subject: the School of Mathematics.)5) ((American) a university or college.)6) (a group of people with the same ideas etc: There are two schools of thought about the treatment of this disease.)2. verb(to train through practice: We must school ourselves to be patient.)- schoolboy
- schoolgirl
- schoolchild
- school-day
- schooldays
- schoolfellow
- school-leaver
- schoolmaster
- schoolmate
- school-teacher II [sku:l] noun(a group of certain kinds of fish, whales or other water animals swimming about: a school of porpoises.)* * *I 1. [skuːl]1) scuola f.2) (college) (of music, education etc.) facoltà f.to go to medical, law school — studiare medicina, legge
3) AE (university) università f.4) (of painting, literature, thought) scuola f.2.modificatore [holiday, outing, life, uniform, year, fees] scolastico; (of particular school) [canteen, library, playground] della scuola••II [skuːl]to learn sth. in a hard school — imparare qcs. alla dura scuola della vita
1) (educate)III [skuːl]to school sb. in [sth.] — insegnare [qcs.] a qcn. [art, trick]
nome (of whales, dolphins etc.) branco m. -
46 affirmative action
noun (American) the practice of giving better opportunities (jobs, education etc) to people who, it is thought, are treated unfairly (minorities, women etc). positiv diskriminering; kønsdiskriminering* * *noun (American) the practice of giving better opportunities (jobs, education etc) to people who, it is thought, are treated unfairly (minorities, women etc). positiv diskriminering; kønsdiskriminering -
47 find
1. Iseek, and уе shall find bibl. ищите и обрящите2. III1) find smth., smb. find a misplaced letter (one's gloves, her hat, one's lost dog, the lost child, etc.) находить /отыскивать/ затерявшееся письме и т. д.', I ran to find a doctor я побежал за врачом; I don't know where to find time не знаю, где взять время; find a new method (a new island, America, etc.) открывать новый метод и т.д; find the means (ways, data, a market, etc.) изыскивать /находить/ средства и т. д.; where shall I find the money? где мне (раздобыть деньги?, где я возьму деньги?; put the book back where you found it положите книгу обратно на место; leave the windows (the papers, her things, etc.) as one finds them оставить окна и т. д. как есть; we must leave everything as we find it мы ничего не должны трогать; take us as you find us принимайте нас такими, какие мы есть; the book found very few readers книга не была популярна у читателей, на книгу почти не было спроса; the anchor found bottom якорь коснулся дна; the bullet found its mark пуля попала в цель2) find smth. find the sum (the actual figures, the result, etc.) находить /определять, вычислять/ сумму и т. д.; find the sum of several numbers (the cube root of 71, the value of the unknown quantity, etc.) определить /вычислить/ сумму нескольких чисел и т. д.', what did you find the total? какой у вас получился итог?3. IVfind smth., smb., in some manner find smth., smb. easily (promptly, suddenly, unexpectedly, by chance, intuitively, etc.) легко и т. д. находить что-л., кого-л.; find smth., smb. somewhere find one's way home (in, there, etc.) находить дорогу домой и т. д.', find smb. in (out) (не) заставать кого-л. дома; I can't find my keys anywhere [я] нигде не могу отыскать свой ключи; find smth., smb. at some time at last he found his way наконец он выбрался на [правильную] дорогу; at last he finds a wife for himself наконец он нашел себе жену4. V1) find smb. smth. find her a taxi (him his hat, them a boat, me a good book, etc.) найти ей такой и т. д.; I found him a job я подыскал ему работу2) find smb., smth. smb., smth. find him a trustworthy man (her a clever girl, it an offence, it a shame, etc.) считать /находить/ его надежным человеком и т. д.', I found him an agreeable person он показался мне приятным человеком, у меня сложилось о нем мнение как о приятном человеке; I find it my duty я считаю это своим долгом5. VI1) find smb. in some state find smb. gloomy (fretful, despondent, etc.) застать кого-л. в мрачном и т. д. настроении; I came and found her ill я пришел и увидел, что она больна; find smb. dead обнаружить, что кто-л. умер /мертв/, найти кого-л. мертвым, не застать кого-л. в живых2) find smb., smth. possessing some quality find smb. funny (ridiculous, foolish, very clever, pleasant, dishonest, etc.) находить /считать/ кого-л. смешным и т. д.; I find him strange today он мне кажется странным сегодня; find smb. guilty (innocent, insane. etc.) признавать кого-л. виновным и т.д., find smth. easy (the translation difficult, the remark helpful, the terms reasonable the bed comfortable, the story boring, it very annoying, etc.) находить /считать/ что-л. легким и т. д.; I find the weather pleasant today сегодня мне погода нравится; find it difficult (impossible, easy, etc.) to understand him (to make her come on time, to remember these figures, etc.) трудно и т. д. понять его и т. д.; we may find it necessary to leave early нам может быть придется рано уйти6. VII1) find smth. to do smth. find time to read (place to put it, courage to contradict him, a way to do so, one's way to make both ends meet, etc.) находить время [.чтобы] читать и т. д., he found nothing new to say он ничего нового не мог сказать; find the case to contain a pearl necklace обнаружить, что в футляре лежит жемчужное ожерелье2) find smth. to possess some quality find smth. to be true (to be false, to be funny, to be unusual, etc.) находить /убеждаться в том/, что это правильно /правда/ и т. д.7. VIIIfind smb. doing smth. find the girl waiting (her crying, the children gathering flowers, etc.) обнаружить /увидеть/. что девушка ждет и т. д.; I found myself disagreeing я вдруг [неожиданно для себя] начал спорить; понял, что я не согласен8. IXfind smth., smb. in some state find the room locked (the event forgotten, the glass broken, the book borrowed, them gone, him arrested, her beaten up, the child taken from him, etc. обнаружить, что комната заперта и т. д.; find one self surrounded by children оказаться окруженным детьми; I found myself obliged to leave мне пришлось уйти9. XII. be found in some place hares are found in woods зайцы водятся в лесах; pin-trees are found in most European countries сосны растут в большинстве европейских стран; it is found everywhere это можно найти где угодно. be found at some time these qualities are not often found такие качества нечасто встречаются2)be found smth. he was found a situation out of tow; ему нашли работу за городом; be found in some state he was found wounded (injured, beaten up, etc.) когда его нашли, увидели /обнаружили/. что он ранен и т. д.; be found somewhere a dagger was found on him when he was searched при обыске у него обнаружили кинжал; be found with smth. that is the only fault to be found with him это его единственный недостаток; it is not the only fault to be found with the play это отнюдь не единственный недостаток пьесы3)be found possessing some quality be found useful /of use (invaluable, of interest, etc.) быть признанным /считаться/ полезным и т. д.; he was found guilty его признали виновным; be found that it has been found that... было установлено, что...10. XVIIIfind oneself (at some time/ this author hasn't fount himself yet этот писатель еще не нашел себя11. XXI11) find smth. in (through, etc.) smth. find mistakes in a composition (the required page in the book, a nickel in the street, copper in the mountains, one's way through the forest, etc.) находить ошибки в сочинении и т. д.; find ten stamps in that drawer найти десять марок в том ящике; find smth. in some state find the room in perfect order (the house in a filthy state, my papers in a mess, etc.) находить комнату в полном порядке и т. д. find smth. for smb., smth. find a post for him (time for almost anything, money for his education, etc.) найти ему место / должность / и т. д.; find smth. after smth. find smth. after a careful search найти / обнаружить / что-л. после тщательных поисков2) find smth. to(about, etc.) smth. find an answer to the problem (all about it, information on the subject, etc.) выяснить / найти / ответ на вопрос и т. д.3) find smb., smth. in / at, on / some place find smb. at home (in the garden, in the camp, at table, etc.) застать / найти / кого-л. дома и т. д.; I found him still in bed я застал его еще в постели; find oneself in hospital (in prison, on board the ship, etc.) оказаться в больнице и т. д.4) find its / one's / way (in)to (out of) smth. the river finds its way to the sea река впадает в море; how did it find its way into print? как это попало в печать?; I'll find my way out of these difficulties я сумею найти выход из этих трудностей5) find smth., smb. in smth., smb. find expression in smth. найти свое выражение в чём-л.; find a true friend in her (a warm supporter in him. etc.) обрести истинного друга в ней и т. д.; I can find по faults in him я не замечаю у него никаких недостатков; find smth. with smb. find happiness with smb. обрести счастье с кем-л.; find smth. for smth. find no reason for smth. не видеть / не находить / [никаких] причин для чего-л.; I can find по excuse for his behaviour я не представляю, как можно оправдать его поведение12. XXIIfind smth. in doing smth. find pleasure in gardening ( joy in dancing, difficulty in speaking aloud, etc.) с удовольствием заниматься садоводством и т. д.13. XXVfind [that]... find that I was mistaken понять, что я ошибался; find that he could not swim обнаружить, что он не умеет плавать; this letter, I find, arrived yesterday письмо, я вижу / я обнаружил /, пришло вчера -
48 determine
1. III1) determine smth. determine a man's character (smb.'s career, smb.'s future, one's course of action, smb.'s examination mark, etc.) определять характер человека и т. д., demand determines supply спрос определяет предложение; quality determines price цены определяются качеством /зависят от качества/2) determine smth. determine the time (the position of a star, the meaning of a word, etc.) определять /устанавливать/ время и т. д.; they had to determine the exact height of the hill им нужно было точно выяснить /вычислить/ высоту холма; how can we determine the value (the price) of this book? как нам определить /установить/ ценность (цену) этой книги?3) determine smth. determine a case (the rights and wrongs of the case, the problem, etc.) решать [судебное] дело и т. д., выносить решение по какому-л. делу или вопросу и т. д.4) determine smb. these facts (the news, his letters, reflections, etc.) determined me эти факты и т. д. утвердили /укрепили/ меня в моем решении2. IVdetermine smth. in some manner determine smth. easily (finally, conclusively) легко и т. д. определять что-л.; determine smth. at some time determine the date (the subject of the lectures, the conditions, etc.) beforehand /in advance/ (immediately, tomorrow, etc.) устанавливать срок или дату и т. д. заранее и т. д., we must first determine the terms of the contract мы должны сначала договориться /прийти к соглашению/ относительно условий договора; let us determine the agenda today давайте сегодня решим, что включить в повестку дня3. VIIdeterminesmb. to do smth. this determined him to stay (to act at once, not to go abroad, not to see her again, to get at the truth, etc.) это заставило его [принять решение] остаться и т. д; what determined you to do it? что заставило вас /что привело вас к решению/ сделать это?4. XI1) be determined at some time his fate has not yet been determined его судьба еще не решена; be determined by smth. be determined by events (by circumstances, by the amount, etc.) зависеть от событий и т. д., быть обусловленным событиями и т. д.', his behaviour was largely (often, finally, certainly, etc.) determined by the situation на его поведение главным образом и т. д. повлияла ситуация; her answer was determined by her mood причиной такого ответа было ее настроение2) be determined how is the speed of light (the size of the house, the height of the tree, etc.) determined? как вычисляют скорость света и т. д.?5. XIIIdetermine to do smth. determine to go at once (to find smth. out, to master English, to succeed, etc.) твердо решить отправиться немедленно и т. д.6. XVIdetermine (up(on) smth. determine on a course of action определять /выбирать/ линию поведения; - on travels (on higher education, etc.) твердо решить отправиться путешествовать и т. д.; we -d on this house (on a piano, on a fur coat, etc.) мы остановились на этом доме и т. д.7. XVIIdetermine on doing smth. determine on proving smth. (on taking up the subject, on leaving the place, on going abroad, etc.) твердо решить доказать что-л. и т. д.8. XXI1determine smb. against smb., smth. determine smb. against the man (against the trip, against the play, against further delay, etc.) настраивать кого-л. решительно против этого человека и т. д.9. XXIIdetermine smb. on ( against) doing smth. this determined me on leaving the town (on coming here again, on not leaving her, etc.) это определяло мое решение покинуть город и т. д.; determine smb. against staying (against speaking with him, etc.) настраивать кого-л. решительно против того, чтобы остаться и т. д.10. XXVdetermine Inhere... (whether.., etc.) determine where you are going to spend your holidays (whether he will manage, etc.) решать, где вы проведете праздники и т. д. -
49 receive
1. IIreceive at some time receive once a week принимать (гостей, друзей и т.п.) раз в неделю; Lady X is not receiving today сегодня леди X не принимает2. III1) receive smth. receive a note (a message, a telegram, news, a present, payment, a report, instructions, orders, etc.) получать записку и т.д.; wait until you receive the letter подождите, пока не получите письмо; she receives many invitations она получает много приглашений2) receive smth. receive a mortal wound (a blow, a black eye, an injury, etc.) получить смертельную рану и т.д.; he received a broken jaw (a broken arm, etc.) ему сломали челюсть и т.д.; receive a defeat (a disappointment, etc.) испытать поражение и т.д.; receive an insult (severe punishment, a severe beating, etc.) подвергаться оскорблению и т.д.3) receive smth. he received thirty days его осудили на /он получил/ тридцать суток; he received a heavy sentence ему вынесли суровый приговор; receivea pardon получить помилование; receive an honorary degree (an award, a bonus, etc.) получить почетную степень и т.д., удостоиться почетной степени и т.д.; he received the name of John его назвали /нарекли/ Джоном, ему дали имя Джон4) receive smb. receive visitors (boarders, one's neighbours, strangers, a fugitive, etc.) принимать посетителей и т.д., who is going to stay at home to receive the guests? кто останется дома, чтобы принимать гостей?; the king received the new ambassador король принял нового посла || receive smb.'s attentions принимать чьи-л. ухаживания5) receive smth. your letter (your request, the matter, etc.) will receive our [immediate] attention мы [немедленно] займемся вашим письмом и т.д.; this book hasn't received the attention it deserves эта книга не была оценена по заслугам3. IVreceive smth., smb. in some manner receive smb.'s work (smb.'s speech, a book, a proposal, the speaker, etc.) very warmly (kindly, well, favourably, courteously, coldly, etc.) очень тепло и т.д. принимать чью-л. работу и т.д.4. VIIreceive smth. to do smth. receive orders to march (instructions to go to India at once, etc.) получать приказ выступать и т.д.5. XI1) be received there was great excitement when the news was received было много волнений, когда было получено это известие; be received by smth. the announcement was received by telegraph извещение /сообщение/ было получено по телеграфу; be received at some time information has not yet been received of the exact date до сих пор еще не получены сведения о точной дате; applications must be received [at the office] not later than 1 p. m. December 31 заявления должны поступить [в контору] не позднее тринадцати часов тридцать первого декабря; be received of smb. receive d of Mr. Smith the sum of t 5 for house rent from the first of January to the first of April получено от мистера Смита 5 фунтов в качестве квартирной платы с первого января по первое апреля2) be received at some place she is no longer received in society в обществе ее больше не принимают; he shall not be received at my house в моем доме он не будет принят; be received in some manner he was received with cheers его встретили одобрительными /приветственными/ возгласами; the speaker was received coldly оратора встретили холодно; the speech was well received by the audience слушатели остались очень довольны этой речью; any suggestion will be thankfully received любой совет будет с благодарностью принят6. XVIreceive on some day receive on Monday afternoons (on Tuesdays, etc.) принимать (гостей, друзей и т.п.) в понедельник днем и т.д.7. XXI11) receive smth. from smb. receive a letter from one's wife (money from one's father, several books on art from one's friend, etc.) получать письмо от жены и т.д.; I received no sympathy from him я не нашел в нем сочувствия; receive smth. by smth. receive the information by telegraph (goods by the steamer, a parcel by post, etc.) получать сведения по телеграфу и т.д.; receive smth. in smth. receive the news in silence молча встретить эту новость2) receive smth. on smth. receive a heavy blow on the head получать сильный удар по голове; receive smth. in smth. he received a wound in the battle он был ранен в этом бою3) receive smb. in (to) smth. receive smb. into the party (into a group, into the church, etc.) принимать кого-л. в партию и т.д.; receive smb. into a hospital (a person into one's family as a son, a person in(to) one's house for the purpose of education, etc.) брать /принимать/ кого-л. в больницу и т.д.4) receive smb., smth. with smth. receive smb., smth. with joy (with great respect, with tumultuous applause, with cheers, etc.) принимать кого-л., что-л. с радостью и т.д.8. XXIV1receive smth. as smth. receive smth. as a present (as security, as a gift, etc.) принимать /рассматривать/ что-л. как подарок и т.д. -
50 resign
1. Ithe government (the Prime Minister, the Minister of Education, etc.) has resigned правительство и т.д. ушло в отставку; he resigned a) он ушел с работы /бросил работать/; б) он подал в отставку2. IIresign in some manner resign suddenly (reluctantly, nominally, officially, etc.) неожиданно /внезапно/ и т.д. уходить в отставку; he resigned voluntarily он ушел по собственному желанию3. IIIresign smth.1) resign office /a post, a position/ отказаться от должности; resign a position of trust отказаться от ответственного положения; resign one's job /one's position/ уходить с работы /с должности/; resign one's charge (one's task, one's duties, etc.) слагать с себя обязанности и т.д.; resign one's commission mil, подать в отставку2) resign a claim (all claims, all pretensions, rights, property, etc.) отказаться от требования /от претензии/ и т.д.3) resign all hope оставлять всякую надежду; resign one's expectations отказываться от своих надежд4. XIbe resigned to smth. be resigned to the situation (to one's fate, etc.) примириться с положением дел и т.д.5. XVI1) resign from smth. resign from the Cabinet (from the chairmanship of a committee, etc.) выйти из состава правительства и т.д., resign from public life оставлять общественную деятельность; the man resigned from his job because of illness этот человек ушел с работы из-за болезни2) resign to smth. resign to the inevitability of death (to smth. as predestination, etc.) примириться с неизбежностью смерти и т.д.6. XVIII1) resign oneself to smth. resign oneself to fate (to one's fate, to the decrees of fate, to Heaven's will, to the inevitable, etc.) примириться с судьбой и т.д.; resign oneself to smb.'s direction (to another's guidance, to smb.'s care, to his judgement, etc.) подчиниться чьему-л. руководству и т.д.; resign oneself to a solitary life (to the performance of a disagreeable duty, etc.) примириться /смириться/ с одинокой жизнью и т.д.; resign oneself to doing smth. I'll have to resign myself to being alone while you are away мне придется примириться со своим одиночеством, пока вас здесь не будет; the poor boy resigned himself to passing the night under the stars бедный мальчик смирился с тем, что ему придется провести ночь под открытым небом; we must resign ourselves to doing without his help for a time нам нужно примириться с тем, что некоторое время придется обходиться без его помощи2) resign oneself to smth. resign oneself to sleep погрузиться в сон; resign oneself to meditation (to rest, to pity, etc.) предаться размышлениям и т.д.; she resigned herself entirely to his will она полностью подчинилась его воле7. XXI11) resign smth. in favour of smb. resign office in favour of the younger man отказаться от должности в пользу более молодого человека; resign smth. on (in) smth. he resigned his position on the school paper (on the Board, in the University, etc.) он отказался от своей должности в школьной газете и т.д.2) resign smth., smb. (in)to smb., smth. book. resign one's duties (one's post, etc.) to smb. передавать свои обязанности и т.д. другому; I resign my children to your care я оставляю своих детей на ваше попечение; he resigned his seat to a lady он уступал /передал/ свое место даме; resign one's duties into smb.'s [more capable /able/] hands передавать свои обязанности в чьи-л. [более надежные] руки3) resign smth. to smth. resign one's mind to smth. свыкнуться с мыслью о чем-л.; resign one's mind to one's fate примириться с судьбой; I do not willingly resign my mind to the idea of failure я неохотно примиряюсь /свыкаюсь/ с мыслью о неудаче8. XXIV1resign smth. as smb. resign one's post as headmaster отказаться от должности директора школы; resign one's position as a secretary of the club уходить с должности секретаря клуба -
51 background
nounbe in the background — im Hintergrund stehen
background music — Hintergrundmusik, die
background noise — (in a room etc.) Geräuschkulisse, die; (on a recording) Grundrauschen, das
I can't hear you because of all the background noise — ich kann dich wegen des Lärms nicht verstehen
2)background [information] — Hintergrundinformation, die
* * *1) (the space behind the principal or most important figures or objects of a picture etc: He always paints ships against a background of stormy skies; trees in the background of the picture.) der Hintergrund2) (happenings that go before, and help to explain, an event etc: the background to a situation.) der Hintergrund3) (a person's origins, education etc: She was ashamed of her humble background.) die Herkunft* * *back·ground[ˈbækgraʊnd]I. nwhite lettering on a blue \background weiße Schrift auf blauem Grund2. (inconspicuous position)to fade into the \background in den Hintergrund tretento stay in the \background im Hintergrund bleiben4.to have a \background in sth (experience) Erfahrung in etw dat haben; (training) eine Ausbildung in etw dat habenwith a \background in... mit Erfahrung in...against a \background of high unemployment vor dem Hintergrund [o angesichts] einer hohen Arbeitslosenquote1. (from surroundings) (music) Hintergrund-\background lighting indirekte Beleuchtung\background noise Geräuschkulisse f2. (concerning origins) (information, knowledge) Hintergrund-to do a \background check on sb jdn polizeilich überprüfen3. COMPUT\background processing (low priority job) nachrangige Verarbeitung; (process) Hintergrundverarbeitung f* * *['bkgraʊnd]1. nto stay in the background — im Hintergrund bleiben, sich im Hintergrund halten
to keep sb in the background —
against a background of poverty and disease — vor dem Hintergrund von Armut und Krankheit
2) (of person) (educational etc) Werdegang m; (social) Verhältnisse pl; (= family background) Herkunft f no pl; (SOCIOL) Background mhe comes from a background of poverty — er kommt aus ärmlichen Verhältnissen
comprehensive schools take children from all backgrounds — Gesamtschulen nehmen Kinder aus allen Schichten auf
what do we know about the main character's background? — was wissen wir über das Vorleben der Hauptperson?
he explained the background to the crisis — er erläuterte die Zusammenhänge or Hintergründe der Krise
2. adjreading vertiefendbackground music — Hintergrundmusik f, Musikuntermalung f
background noises pl — Geräuschkulisse f, Geräusche pl im Hintergrund
* * *1. Hintergrund m (auch fig):against a background of vor dem Hintergrund (gen);form the background to sth den Hintergrund für etwas bilden;2. MAL Untergrund m3. figa) Hintergründe pl, Umstände pl:background information Hintergrundinformationen plb) Umwelt f, Milieu nc) Werdegang m, Vorgeschichte f:have a musical background musikalisch vorbelastet seind) Erfahrung f, Wissen n:e) Anhaltspunkte pl, Grundlage f4. Musik-, Geräuschkulisse f:background music musikalischer Hintergrund, musikalische Untermalung, Hintergrundmusik fbackground control Steuerung f der mittleren Helligkeit* * *nounbackground music — Hintergrundmusik, die
background noise — (in a room etc.) Geräuschkulisse, die; (on a recording) Grundrauschen, das
I can't hear you because of all the background noise — ich kann dich wegen des Lärms nicht verstehen
2)background [information] — Hintergrundinformation, die
* * *n.Hintergrund m. -
52 culture
noun1) Kultur, die2) (Agric., of bacteria) Kultur, die; (tillage of the soil) Landbau, der; (rearing, production) Zucht, die* * *1) (a form or type of civilization of a certain race or nation: the Jewish culture.) die Kultur2) (improvement of the mind etc by education etc: He was an enthusiastic seeker of culture.) die Bildung3) (educated taste in art, literature, music etc: He thinks that anyone who dislikes Bach is lacking in culture.) die Bildung4) ((a) cultivated growth of bacteria etc.) die Kultur5) (the commercial rearing of fish, certain plants etc.) die Zucht•- academic.ru/17754/cultural">cultural- cultured* * *cul·ture[ˈkʌltʃəʳ, AM -tʃɚ]I. nperson of \culture kultivierter Mann/kultivierte Frausilkworm \culture Seidenraupenzucht fto grow a \culture eine [Bakterien]kultur anlegento \culture cells/microorganisms Zellen/Mikroorganismen züchten* * *['kʌltʃə(r)]1. n1) Kultur fphysical culture (dated) — Körperkultur f (dated)
a man of culture/of no culture — ein kultivierter/unkultivierter Mann, ein Mann mit/ohne Kultur
to study German culture —
a culture of dependency, a dependency culture — eine Kultur der Abhängigkeit
2) (AGR, BIOL, MED) Kultur f; (of animals) Zucht f2. vt (BIOL, MED)eine Kultur anlegen von* * *culture [ˈkʌltʃə(r)]A s2. Anbau m, (Pflanzen) Zucht f:fruit culture Obstbau m3. Züchtung f, (Tier) Zucht f:culture of bees Bienenzucht4. Kultur f (angebaute Pflanzen)5. BIOLa) Züchtung f (von Bakterien, Gewebe etc)b) Kultur f:culture of mo(u)lds Pilzkultur7. (geistige) Kultur:a) (Geistes)Bildung fb) Kultiviertheit f, verfeinerte Lebensweise:he is a man of culture er hat Kultur, er ist kultiviert8. Kultur f:a) Kulturkreis mb) Kulturform f, -stufe fB v/t BIOLa) Bakterien etc züchtenb) eine Kultur züchten in (dat)* * *noun1) Kultur, die2) (Agric., of bacteria) Kultur, die; (tillage of the soil) Landbau, der; (rearing, production) Zucht, die* * *n.Kultur -en f. -
53 altersgemäß
Adj. Benehmen, Entwicklung: appropriate to one’s / its age* * *ạl|ters|ge|mäßadjBenehmen, Entwicklung appropriate to one's/its age* * *1. 2.adverbial in a manner appropriate to one's/its age* * *altersgemäß adj Benehmen, Entwicklung: appropriate to one’s/its age* * *1.Adjektiv <behaviour, education, etc.> appropriate to one's/its age2.adverbial in a manner appropriate to one's/its age -
54 self-made
[self'meid](owing wealth or important position to one's efforts, not to advantages given by birth, education etc: a self-made man.) selfmade* * *[self'meid](owing wealth or important position to one's efforts, not to advantages given by birth, education etc: a self-made man.) selfmade -
55 public service
1) С (transport, education etc.) servizio m. pubblico2) U (public administration, civil service) servizi m.pl. pubblici* * *n(Civil Service) amministrazione f pubblica* * *1) С (transport, education etc.) servizio m. pubblico2) U (public administration, civil service) servizi m.pl. pubblici -
56 culture
1) (a form or type of civilization of a certain race or nation: the Jewish culture.) kultur2) (improvement of the mind etc by education etc: He was an enthusiastic seeker of culture.) dannelse, kultur; utdanning3) (educated taste in art, literature, music etc: He thinks that anyone who dislikes Bach is lacking in culture.) dannelse, kultivering, kulturbevissthet4) ((a) cultivated growth of bacteria etc.) bakteriekultur5) (the commercial rearing of fish, certain plants etc.) akvakultur, plantekultur•- cultural- culturedkulturIsubst. \/ˈkʌltʃə\/1) kultur• can African culture survive in London?2) ( biologi e.l.) dyrking, kultur3) ( forfining) kultur, (ånds)dannelsea man of culture et kultivert menneske, et (ut)dannet menneskeIIverb \/ˈkʌltʃə\/1) ( biologi) dyrke, kultivere2) dyrke, utdanne, forfine -
57 culture
1) (a form or type of civilization of a certain race or nation: the Jewish culture.) (þjóð)menning2) (improvement of the mind etc by education etc: He was an enthusiastic seeker of culture.) menning, menntun3) (educated taste in art, literature, music etc: He thinks that anyone who dislikes Bach is lacking in culture.) siðfágun, menntun, menning4) ((a) cultivated growth of bacteria etc.) örverugróður5) (the commercial rearing of fish, certain plants etc.) eldi, ræktun•- cultural- cultured -
58 culture
baktériumtenyészet, társadalom, kultúra* * *1) (a form or type of civilization of a certain race or nation: the Jewish culture.) kultúra2) (improvement of the mind etc by education etc: He was an enthusiastic seeker of culture.) művelődés3) (educated taste in art, literature, music etc: He thinks that anyone who dislikes Bach is lacking in culture.) műveltség4) ((a) cultivated growth of bacteria etc.) tenyészet5) (the commercial rearing of fish, certain plants etc.) termelés, termesztés•- cultural- cultured -
59 culture
1) (a form or type of civilization of a certain race or nation: the Jewish culture.) cultura2) (improvement of the mind etc by education etc: He was an enthusiastic seeker of culture.) cultura3) (educated taste in art, literature, music etc: He thinks that anyone who dislikes Bach is lacking in culture.) cultura4) ((a) cultivated growth of bacteria etc.) cultura5) (the commercial rearing of fish, certain plants etc.) cultura•- cultural- cultured* * *cul.ture[k'∧ltʃə] n 1 cultura: a) refinamento, ilustração. b) civilização de uma raça em certa época. c) desenvolvimento, treino, educação. d) cultivo, amanho, cultivação. 2 tratamento, cuidado na criação de plantas ou animais, trato. 3 Biol cultura de microorganismos. • vt 1 cultivar. 2 criar, desenvolver. 3 preparar culturas bacterianas. physical culture cultura física. -
60 culture
n. kültür, medeniyet, medenilik; üretme, yetiştirme, ekim; bakteri kültürü* * *kültür* * *1) (a form or type of civilization of a certain race or nation: the Jewish culture.) kültür2) (improvement of the mind etc by education etc: He was an enthusiastic seeker of culture.) eğitim3) (educated taste in art, literature, music etc: He thinks that anyone who dislikes Bach is lacking in culture.) kültür; zevk ve anlayış4) ((a) cultivated growth of bacteria etc.) kültür, üretik5) (the commercial rearing of fish, certain plants etc.) yetiştirme•- cultural- cultured
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