-
121 Telford, Thomas
[br]b. 9 August 1757 Glendinning, Dumfriesshire, Scotlandd. 2 September 1834 London, England.[br]Scottish civil engineer.[br]Telford was the son of a shepherd, who died when the boy was in his first year. Brought up by his mother, Janet Jackson, he attended the parish school at Westerkirk. He was apprenticed to a stonemason in Lochmaben and to another in Langholm. In 1780 he walked from Eskdale to Edinburgh and in 1872 rode to London on a horse that he was to deliver there. He worked for Sir William Chambers as a mason on Somerset House, then on the Eskdale house of Sir James Johnstone. In 1783–4 he worked on the new Commissioner's House and other buildings at Portsmouth dockyard.In late 1786 Telford was appointed County Surveyor for Shropshire and moved to Shrewsbury Castle, with work initially on the new infirmary and County Gaol. He designed the church of St Mary Magdalene, Bridgnorth, and also the church at Madley. Telford built his first bridge in 1790–2 at Montford; between 1790 and 1796 he built forty-five road bridges in Shropshire, including Buildwas Bridge. In September 1793 he was appointed general agent, engineer and architect to the Ellesmere Canal, which was to connect the Mersey and Dee rivers with the Severn at Shrewsbury; William Jessop was Principal Engineer. This work included the Pont Cysyllte aqueduct, a 1,000 ft (305 m) long cast-iron trough 127 ft (39 m) above ground level, which entailed an on-site ironworks and took ten years to complete; the aqueduct is still in use today. In 1800 Telford put forward a plan for a new London Bridge with a single cast-iron arch with a span of 600 ft (183 m) but this was not built.In 1801 Telford was appointed engineer to the British Fisheries Society "to report on Highland Communications" in Scotland where, over the following eighteen years, 920 miles (1,480 km) of new roads were built, 280 miles (450 km) of the old military roads were realigned and rebuilt, over 1,000 bridges were constructed and much harbour work done, all under Telford's direction. A further 180 miles (290 km) of new roads were also constructed in the Lowlands of Scotland. From 1804 to 1822 he was also engaged on the construction of the Caledonian Canal: 119 miles (191 km) in all, 58 miles (93 km) being sea loch, 38 miles (61 km) being Lochs Lochy, Oich and Ness, 23 miles (37 km) having to be cut.In 1808 he was invited by King Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden to assist Count Baltzar von Platen in the survey and construction of a canal between the North Sea and the Baltic. Telford surveyed the 114 mile (183 km) route in six weeks; 53 miles (85 km) of new canal were to be cut. Soon after the plans for the canal were completed, the King of Sweden created him a Knight of the Order of Vasa, an honour that he would have liked to have declined. At one time some 60,000 soldiers and seamen were engaged on the work, Telford supplying supervisors, machinery—including an 8 hp steam dredger from the Donkin works and machinery for two small paddle boats—and ironwork for some of the locks. Under his direction an ironworks was set up at Motala, the foundation of an important Swedish industrial concern which is still flourishing today. The Gotha Canal was opened in September 1832.In 1811 Telford was asked to make recommendations for the improvement of the Shrewsbury to Holyhead section of the London-Holyhead road, and in 1815 he was asked to survey the whole route from London for a Parliamentary Committee. Construction of his new road took fifteen years, apart from the bridges at Conway and over the Menai Straits, both suspension bridges by Telford and opened in 1826. The Menai bridge had a span of 579 ft (176 m), the roadway being 153 ft (47 m) above the water level.In 1817 Telford was appointed Engineer to the Exchequer Loan Commission, a body set up to make capital loans for deserving projects in the hard times that followed after the peace of Waterloo. In 1820 he became the first President of the Engineers Institute, which gained its Royal Charter in 1828 to become the Institution of Civil Engineers. He was appointed Engineer to the St Katharine's Dock Company during its construction from 1825 to 1828, and was consulted on several early railway projects including the Liverpool and Manchester as well as a number of canal works in the Midlands including the new Harecastle tunnel, 3,000 ft (914 m) long.Telford led a largely itinerant life, living in hotels and lodgings, acquiring his own house for the first time in 1821, 24 Abingdon Street, Westminster, which was partly used as a school for young civil engineers. He died there in 1834, after suffering in his later years from the isolation of deafness. He was buried in Westminster Abbey.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRSE 1803. Knight of the Order of Vasa, Sweden 1808. FRS 1827. First President, Engineers Insitute 1820.Further ReadingL.T.C.Rolt, 1979, Thomas Telford, London: Penguin.C.Hadfield, 1993, Thomas Telford's Temptation, London: M. \& M.Baldwin.IMcN -
122 dominer
dominer [dɔmine]➭ TABLE 11. transitive verba. to dominate ; [+ adversaire, concurrent] to outclass ; [+ sentiment] to control ; [+ sujet] to master• se laisser dominer par ses passions to let o.s. be ruled by one's passionsb. ( = surplomber) to overlook2. intransitive verba. ( = être le meilleur) [nation] to hold sway ; [équipe sportive] to be on topb. ( = prédominer) [caractère, défaut, qualité] to predominate ; [idée, théorie] to prevail ; [préoccupation, intérêt] to be dominant ; [couleur] to stand out3. reflexive verb► se dominer to control o.s.* * *dɔmine
1.
1) ( surplomber) [maison, montagne] to dominate [ville, vallée]; ( dépasser) [gratte-ciel, sommet] to tower above [quartier, montagnes]de là, on domine toute la vallée — from there you get a view of the whole valley
2) (s'imposer dans, contre) to dominate [match, sport, débat]; to overshadow [adversaire]3) ( prévaloir dans) [thème, problème] to dominate [œuvre, débat]4) ( maîtriser) to master [langue, technique, sujet]; to overcome [peur, timidité]; to control [colère]5) ( avoir la haute main sur) to dominate [marché, secteur]
2.
verbe intransitif1) ( exercer son pouvoir) [pays, peuple] to rule, to hold sway2) ( être en tête) [équipe, concurrent] to be in the lead3) ( prévaloir) [impression, idée] to prevail; [couleur, goût, parfum] to stand out
3.
se dominer verbe pronominal [personne] to control oneself* * *dɔmine1. vt1) (= imposer son autorité sur) [pays, ennemi] to dominate2) [passions] to control3) (= s'imposer contre) [adversaire] to come out on top againstL'Écosse a finalement dominé l'Eire par 3 buts à 2. — Scotland eventually came out on top against Ireland by 3 goals to 2.
4) [village, maison, endroit] to overlook2. vi1) SPORT to dominateIls ont dominé pendant toute la rencontre sans réussir à s'imposer. — They dominated throughout the match but didn't make it count.
2) [personne, groupe] to be in the dominant position3) [couleur, thème] to dominate* * *dominer verb table: aimerA vtr1 ( surplomber) [maison, montagne] to dominate [ville, vallée]; ( dépasser) [gratte-ciel, sommet] to tower above [quartier, montagnes]; de là, on domine toute la vallée from there you get a view of the whole valley; du haut de la tour, on domine toute la ville from the top of the tower, you get a view of the whole town; il est tellement grand qu'il domine tout le monde he's so tall that he towers over everyone;2 (s'imposer dans, contre) to dominate [match, sport, débat]; to overshadow [adversaire, équipe]; il a dominé le cyclisme mondial pendant dix ans he dominated world cycling for ten years; il domine de loin les autres concurrents he completely overshadows the other competitors; ils ont été dominés pendant la première mi-temps they were outplayed in the first half;3 ( prévaloir dans) [idée, thème, problème] to dominate [œuvre, débat]; les questions monétaires ont dominé le débat monetary issues dominated the debate;4 ( maîtriser) to master [langue, technique, sujet, émotion]; to overcome [peur, timidité]; to control [colère]; dominer la situation to be in control of the situation; il se laisse dominer par ses passions his heart rules his head;5 ( avoir la haute main sur) to dominate [marché, secteur]; dominer l'économie mondiale to dominate the world economy; il est dominé par son frère he's dominated by his brother; il se laisse dominer par sa femme he's hen-pecked;6 Pol ( gouverner) to rule [pays]; leur rêve était de dominer le monde their dream was to rule the world.B vi1 ( exercer son pouvoir) [pays, peuple] to rule, to hold sway;2 ( être en tête) [équipe, sportif, concurrent] to be in the lead; il a dominé pendant toute la course he was in the lead throughout the race; elle a dominé pendant les deux premiers sets she led during the first two sets;3 ( prévaloir) [impression, idée] to prevail; [couleur, goût, parfum] to stand out; tel est le sentiment qui domine dans l'opinion publique this is the prevailing public mood; c'est le cassis qui domine the flavourGB is mainly blackcurrant; c'est la persévérance qui domine chez lui his chief characteristic is perseverance.[dɔmine] verbe transitifils ont dominé le match they had the best of ou they controlled the match3. [influencer - personne] to dominate4. [surclasser] to outclass5. [colère] to control[complexe, dégoût, échec, timidité] to overcome[matière, question] to master[idéologie, opinion] to prevailb. (figuré) to tower above somebody, to be head and shoulders above somebody————————se dominer verbe pronominal (emploi réfléchi) -
123 reckon
1. v считать, подсчитыватьto learn to read, write and reckon — научиться читать, писать и считать
reckon up — оценивать, делать оценку; подсчитывать
2. v насчитывать; исчислять; подсчитывать, подводить итог3. v рассматривать, считать4. v числить, причислять5. v преим. амер. думать, полагать, считать; придерживаться мненияI reckoned the explosion was ten miles away — я считал, что взрыв произошёл в десяти милях отсюда
I reckon it is going to rain — думаю, что пойдёт дождь,
I reckon — думаю; наверное
he will come soon, I reckon — он, думаю, скоро придёт
6. v полагаться, рассчитывать7. v принимать во внимание, считатьсяhe is a doughty opponent and one to be reckoned with — это мощный противник, и с ним нужно считаться
8. v принимать в расчёт; учитыватьI had not reckoned with the possibility of his turning up so soon — я не учёл возможности его столь быстрого возвращения
9. v рассчитываться, расплачиваться10. v расквитаться, свести счёты11. v справляться; сталкиваться, иметь делоthey have to reckon with many petty irritations — им приходится сталкиваться с массой мелких нудных забот
12. v рассчитывать; предусматривать13. v включать, причислятьthey were reckoned in the company present — они были включены в число считаться ; быть важным; иметь ценность
14. v прост. иметь обыкновениеСинонимический ряд:1. calculate (verb) account; add; assess; calculate; cast; cipher; compute; consider; count; deem; enumerate; esteem; evaluate; guess; hold; number; numerate; regard; tally; tell off; think; view2. estimate (verb) approximate; call; estimate; judge; place; put; set3. expect (verb) expect; figure; suppose -
124 past
past [pɑ:st]1 noun(a) (former time) passé m;∎ to live in the past vivre dans le passé;∎ the great empires of the past les grands empires de l'histoire;∎ it is a thing of the past (institution, custom) ça n'existe plus; (relationship) c'est du passé; (is old-fashioned) c'est périmé;∎ those days are a thing of the past cette époque est révolue;∎ politeness seems to have become a thing of the past la politesse semble être une chose démodée(b) (background → of person) passé m;∎ woman with a past femme f qui a vécu ou qui a un passé chargé;∎ town with a past ville f historique;∎ our country's glorious past le glorieux passé de notre pays∎ in the past au passé(a) (former, gone by → life) antérieur; (→ quarrels, differences) vieux (vieille), d'autrefois; (→ generation, centuries, mistakes, event) passé;∎ in centuries past autrefois;∎ the time for negotiating is past l'heure n'est plus à la négociation;∎ those days are past ces temps sont révolus;∎ from past experience par expérience;∎ in past time or times past autrefois, (au temps) jadis;∎ to be past (ended) être passé ou terminé;∎ the crisis is now past la crise est maintenant passée;∎ the past mayors of the town les anciens maires de la ville∎ the past week la semaine dernière ou passée;∎ the past two months les deux derniers mois;∎ this past month has been very busy le mois qui vient de s'achever a été très chargé;∎ I've not been feeling well for the past few days ça fait quelques jours que je ne me sens pas très bien;∎ he has spent the past five years in China il a passé ces cinq dernières années en Chine∎ it's ten/quarter/half past six il est six heures dix/et quart/et demie;∎ it is past four (o'clock) il est quatre heures passées;∎ it's quarter past the hour il est le ou et quart;∎ it's already past midnight il est déjà plus de minuit ou minuit passé;∎ it's long or way past my bedtime je devrais être au lit depuis longtemps;∎ he's past fifty il a plus de cinquante ans, il a dépassé la cinquantaine;∎ she's past the adolescent stage ce n'est plus une adolescente;∎ these beans are past their best ces haricots ne sont plus très frais(b) (further than) plus loin que, au-delà de;∎ just past the bridge un peu plus loin que le pont, un peu au-delà du pont;∎ turn right just past the school prenez à droite juste après l'école;∎ he can't count past ten il ne sait compter que jusqu'à dix;∎ I didn't manage to get past the first page je n'ai pas réussi à lire plus d'une page;∎ he knocked the ball past the defender il a envoyé la balle derrière le défenseur(c) (in front of) devant;∎ he walked right past my table il est passé juste devant ma table;∎ he walked past me without saying hello il est passé devant moi sans me saluer(d) (beyond scope of) au-delà de;∎ it's past all understanding ça dépasse l'entendement;∎ their demands are past all reason leurs exigences sont totalement démesurées;∎ past endurance insupportable;∎ that's past all belief c'est incroyable∎ I'm past caring ça ne me fait plus ni chaud ni froid;∎ I wouldn't put it past him il en est bien capable;∎ I wouldn't put anything past this government ce gouvernement est capable de tout ou du pire4 adverb∎ to go past passer;∎ they ran past ils passèrent en courant;∎ the years flew past les années passaient à une vitesse prodigieuse∎ one night about three years past une nuit il y a environ trois ans;∎ it had long past struck midnight minuit avait sonné depuis longtempsautrefois, dans le temps►► past master expert m;∎ humorous he's a past master at doing as little as possible il est passé maître dans l'art d'en faire le moins possible;Grammar past participle participe m passé;Grammar past perfect plus-que-parfait m;Grammar past tense passé m;∎ in the past tense au passé -
125 לחי II, לחי
לֶחִיII, לְחִי m. (b. h.; לחה; cmp. לוֹעָא) ( joint, 1) jaw. Tanḥ. Ki Thissa 18 לוחות שיגיעתן בל׳ the tablets are called luḥoth, because they must be studied with weariness of the leḥi (jaw).Du. לְחָיַיִם. Erub.54a (play on לחת, Ex. 31:18) אם משים אדם לְחָיָיו כאבןוכ׳ Ms. M. (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) if one will make his jaws as (untiring in repeating lessons as) a stone Cant. R. to IV, 15; ib. to V, 12 (ref. to ib. 1 3) זה מלחים … עד שתהא הלכה יוצאה כמין ל׳ one scholar inserts one thing, another another thing, until the halakhah (decision) comes forth like jaws (well adjusted). Sabb.57b (expl. סרביטין, ib. VI, 1) המגיעין לה עד לְחָיֶיהָ ed. (Ms. M. המגיעין עד הלחיים) ornaments of the head which hang down so as to reach her cheeks. Y.Taan.IV, 68d bot.; Lam. R. to II, 2 יעלי עשבים בלְחָיֶיךָוכ׳ grass will grow through thy jaws (thou shalt be dead and buried), and the son of David shall not yet have appeared. Tosef.Ohol.I, 6 והלְחָיַיִן עמהן (ed. Zuck. והלחי) and the jaw-bones count among them. Ḥull.X, 1; a. fr. 2) various objects resembling a jaw, or attached to another object; a) that part of the bridle which encompasses the jaw. Kel. XI, 5.b) the cheek-pieces of a casque. Ib. 8 (v. Maim. comment. ed. Dehr.).c) inserted sticks, with which the plough is guided. Ib. XXI, 2.Esp. 3) leḥi, a stake fastened in the ground by the side of a wall, serving as a mark or as a fictitious partition (enclosure) for the purpose of enabling the inmates of an alley to move objects, on the Sabbath, within the space thus enclosed (v. עֵירוּב). Erub.12b ל׳ משום מחיצה a leḥi is to serve the place of a partition (palisade), contrad. to משום היכר a mark to distinguish the alley from the public road. Ib. I, 2 הכשר מבוי … ל׳ וקורה the means of fitting an alley for movements on the Sabbath … are a stake and a beam on top; ר׳ אל׳ אומר לְחָיַיִן R. E. says two stakes. Ib. 6 לחיין שאמרווכ׳ the stakes about which they speak must be ten hand-breadths high Ib. 15a ל׳ העומד מאליו … הוי ל׳ a pole put up accidentally (not with the intention of making it a Sabbath mark) … serves the ritual purposes of a leḥi. Ib. 12b הִכְשִׁירוֹ בל׳ if the alley has been made available for Sabbath movements by means of a leḥi; a. v. fr. -
126 לֶחִי
לֶחִיII, לְחִי m. (b. h.; לחה; cmp. לוֹעָא) ( joint, 1) jaw. Tanḥ. Ki Thissa 18 לוחות שיגיעתן בל׳ the tablets are called luḥoth, because they must be studied with weariness of the leḥi (jaw).Du. לְחָיַיִם. Erub.54a (play on לחת, Ex. 31:18) אם משים אדם לְחָיָיו כאבןוכ׳ Ms. M. (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) if one will make his jaws as (untiring in repeating lessons as) a stone Cant. R. to IV, 15; ib. to V, 12 (ref. to ib. 1 3) זה מלחים … עד שתהא הלכה יוצאה כמין ל׳ one scholar inserts one thing, another another thing, until the halakhah (decision) comes forth like jaws (well adjusted). Sabb.57b (expl. סרביטין, ib. VI, 1) המגיעין לה עד לְחָיֶיהָ ed. (Ms. M. המגיעין עד הלחיים) ornaments of the head which hang down so as to reach her cheeks. Y.Taan.IV, 68d bot.; Lam. R. to II, 2 יעלי עשבים בלְחָיֶיךָוכ׳ grass will grow through thy jaws (thou shalt be dead and buried), and the son of David shall not yet have appeared. Tosef.Ohol.I, 6 והלְחָיַיִן עמהן (ed. Zuck. והלחי) and the jaw-bones count among them. Ḥull.X, 1; a. fr. 2) various objects resembling a jaw, or attached to another object; a) that part of the bridle which encompasses the jaw. Kel. XI, 5.b) the cheek-pieces of a casque. Ib. 8 (v. Maim. comment. ed. Dehr.).c) inserted sticks, with which the plough is guided. Ib. XXI, 2.Esp. 3) leḥi, a stake fastened in the ground by the side of a wall, serving as a mark or as a fictitious partition (enclosure) for the purpose of enabling the inmates of an alley to move objects, on the Sabbath, within the space thus enclosed (v. עֵירוּב). Erub.12b ל׳ משום מחיצה a leḥi is to serve the place of a partition (palisade), contrad. to משום היכר a mark to distinguish the alley from the public road. Ib. I, 2 הכשר מבוי … ל׳ וקורה the means of fitting an alley for movements on the Sabbath … are a stake and a beam on top; ר׳ אל׳ אומר לְחָיַיִן R. E. says two stakes. Ib. 6 לחיין שאמרווכ׳ the stakes about which they speak must be ten hand-breadths high Ib. 15a ל׳ העומד מאליו … הוי ל׳ a pole put up accidentally (not with the intention of making it a Sabbath mark) … serves the ritual purposes of a leḥi. Ib. 12b הִכְשִׁירוֹ בל׳ if the alley has been made available for Sabbath movements by means of a leḥi; a. v. fr. -
127 penny
Penny m; ( fig)I'll give you $5,000 and not a \penny more ich gebe Ihnen 5.000 Dollar und keinen Pfennig [o ( ÖSTERR) Groschen] mehr;a 50 \penny piece ein 50-Pence-Stück m;to not cost a \penny nichts kosten;to save up one's pennies sparenPHRASES:pennies from heaven (dated) ein Geschenk des Himmels;to not have a \penny to one's name keinen Pfennig haben ( fam)look after [or take care of] the pennies and the pounds will look after [or take care of] themselves ( themselves) wer den Pfennig nicht ehrt, ist des Talers nicht wert ( prov)a \penny for your thoughts was [o woran] denkst du gerade?;to keep turning up like a bad \penny immer wieder auftauchen;a pretty \penny eine [ganze] Stange Geld ( fam)to not have two pennies to rub together arm wie eine Kirchenmaus sein ( fam)to be worth every \penny sein Geld wert sein;the \penny [has] dropped ( Brit) der Groschen ist gefallen;a \penny saved is a \penny earned (is a \penny earned) spare in der Zeit, dann hast du in der Not ( prov)to spend a \penny pinkeln gehen ( fam) -
128 en
en [ɑ̃]━━━━━━━━━1. preposition2. pronoun━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━1. <a. (lieu: situation) in• vivre en France/Normandie to live in France/Normandy• il habite en banlieue/ville he lives in the suburbs/the town• il voyage en Grèce/Corse he's travelling around Greece/Corsicab. (lieu: mouvement) to• aller or partir en Angleterre/Normandie to go to England/Normandye. ( = chez) ce que j'aime en lui, c'est son courage what I like about him is his couragef. ( = habillé de) ing. (description, composition) in• c'est en quoi ? (inf) what's it made of?━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► En anglais, un nom en apposition remplace souvent l'adjectif pour décrire la matière dont quelque chose est fait.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► en + comparatif• c'est son frère en mieux he's like his brother, only betterh. ( = comme un) agir en tyran to act like a tyrant• en bon politicien, il... being the skilled politician he is, he...i. ( = dans le domaine de) en politique in politics• ce que je préfère en musique, c'est... what I like best in the way of music is...• diplôme en droit/histoire law/history degreek. ► en + participe présent• « non » dit-il en haussant les épaules "no", he said with a shrug━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Lorsque en exprime une cause, il est traduit par by.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• en disant cela, il s'est fait des ennemis he made enemies by saying that2. <a. (lieu) quand va-t-il à Nice ? -- il en revient when is he off to Nice? -- he's just come back• voulez-vous des pommes ? il y en a encore would you like some apples? there are still some leftd. (objet) rendez-moi mon stylo, j'en ai besoin give me back my pen - I need it• qu'est-ce que tu en feras ? what will you do with it (or them)?• tu en as eu de beaux jouets à Noël ! what lovely toys you got for Christmas!• c'est une bonne classe, les professeurs en sont contents they are a good class and the teachers are pleased with them• je t'en donne 100 € I'll give you 100 euros for ite. ► en être• où en est-il dans ses études ? how far has he got with his studies?• elle, mentir ? elle en est incapable she couldn't lie if she tried* * *œɛn* * *abr nf Éducation nationaleSee:* * *en ⇒ Note d'usageA prép1 ( lieu) ( où l'on est) in; ( où l'on va) to; ( mouvement vers l'intérieur) into; vivre en France/province/ville to live in France/the provinces/town; voyager en Chine to travel in China; aller en Allemagne to go to Germany; monter en voiture to get into a car; aller en ville to go into town; le train va entrer en gare the train is about to enter the station; se promener en ville to stroll around town;2 ( temps) ( époque) in; ( moment déterminé) in; ( en l'espace de) in; en hiver/1991 in winter/1991; je prendrai mes vacances en septembre I'm taking my vacation in September; il a fait ce travail en dix jours he completed the work in ten days; en semaine, il mange à la cantine during the week he eats in the canteen;3 ( moyens de transport) by; voyager en train/avion/voiture/bateau to travel by train ou rail/plane ou air/car/boat; je suis venu en taxi I came by taxi; aller à Marseille en avion/voiture to fly/to drive to Marseilles; nous avons fait un tour en barque we went out in a rowing-boat; descendre la rivière en aviron to row down the river;4 (manière, état) elle était tout en vert/blanc she was all in green/white; il est toujours en manteau/cravate he always wears a coat/tie; un ouvrage en vers/français/trois volumes a work in verse/French/three volumes; elle était très en forme/beauté she was looking very fit/beautiful;5 ( comme) ( en qualité de) as; ( de la même manière que) like; je vous parle en ami/connaisseur I'm speaking (to you) as a friend/connoisseur; j'ai eu ce livre en cadeau/récompense/souvenir I was given this book as a present/prize/souvenir; il nous considèrent en ennemis they see us as enemies; il me traite en ennemie he treats me like an enemy; agir en traître/dictateur to act like a traitor/dictator, to act in a treacherous/dictatorial way;6 ( transformation) into; ils se séparèrent en plusieurs groupes they broke up into several groups; traduire en anglais to translate into English; changer des euros en dollars to change euros into dollars;7 ( matière) made of; c'est en quoi? what is it made of?; c'est en or/plastique it's (made of) gold/plastic; c'est en bois it's made of wood, it's wooden; une montre en or a gold watch ; une veste en laine a woollenGB jacket; le cadre est en alliage the frame is alloy, it's an alloy frame;8 ( pour indiquer une variante) son fils, c'est lui en miniature his son is just like him only smaller, his son is a smaller version of him; je voudrais le même en plus grand I'd like the same only bigger; je voudrais la même en bleu I'd like the same in blue;9 (indique le domaine, la discipline) in; en politique/affaires il faut être rusé in politics/business you have to be clever; idée fondamentale en droit français fundamental idea in French law; en théorie, c'est exact in theory, it's correct; licencié en droit bachelor of law; docteur en médecine doctor of medicine; être bon en histoire to be good at history;10 (mesures, dimensions) in; compter en secondes/années to count in seconds/years; les draps se font en 90 et en 140 the sheets are available in single and double; le mur fait trois mètres en hauteur et six en longueur the wall is three metresGB high and six metresGB long; en profondeur, il y a assez d'espace pour la bibliothèque mais pas en hauteur the space is deep enough for the bookshelves but not high enough; en largeur, il y a la place pour une piscine mais pas en longueur widthwise, there's (enough) room for a swimming pool but not lengthwise.B pron1 ( le moyen) si les abricots sont abîmés, fais-en de la confiture if the apricots are bruised make jam with them; prends cette couverture et couvre-t'en take this blanket and cover yourself with it; il sortit son épée et l'en transperça he took out his sword and ran him through;2 ( la cause) ça l'a tellement bouleversé qu'il en est tombé malade it distressed him so much that he fell ill GB ou became sick US; il a eu un cancer et il en est mort he got cancer and died; elle a eu un accident de voiture et elle en est restée paralysée/infirme she had a car accident which left her paralysedGB/disabled;3 ○( emphatique) tu en as un beau chapeau! what a nice hat you've got!; eh bien! on s'en souviendra de ce dimanche! well, we won't forget this Sunday in a hurry!; je n'en veux pas de tes excuses○! I'm not interested in your excuses; et moi, je n'en ai pas des soucis, peut-être! do you think I haven't got worries too!; j'en connais qui seraient contents I know some who would be pleased.[ɑ̃] prépositionen 40 ans de carrière... in my 40 years in the job...B.[DANS L'ESPACE]1. [indiquant - la situation] in ; [ - la direction] tose promener en forêt/en ville to walk in the forest/around the town2. (figuré)en moi-même, j'avais toujours cet espoir deep down ou in my heart of hearts, I still had that hopeC.[INDIQUANT LE DOMAINE]1. [pour des connaissances]bon en latin/physique good at Latin/physics2. [dans une situation]en cela ou ce en quoi il n'a pas tort and I have to say he's right ou not wrong thereD.[INDIQUANT LA COMPOSITION] [pour des objets]chaise en bois/fer wooden/iron chairE.[INDIQUANT LA MANIÈRE, LE MOYEN]1. [marquant l'état, la forme, la manière]être en colère/en rage to be angry/in a rageen véritable ami, il m'a prévenu good friend that he is ou being a true friend, he warned meil était en pyjama he was in his pyjamas, he had his pyjamas onfaire quelque chose en cachette/en vitesse/en douceur to do something secretly/quickly/smoothlyune rue en pente a street on a slope ou a hill2. [introduisant une mesure] in3. [indiquant une transformation] into4. [marquant le moyen]en voiture/train by car/trainF.[AVEC LE GÉRONDIF]1. [indiquant la simultanéité]rien qu'en le voyant, elle se met en colère she gets angry just seeing him, the mere sight of him makes her angrytout en marchant, elles tentaient de trouver une réponse while walking ou as they walked, they tried to find an answer2. [indiquant la concession, l'opposition]en étant plus conciliant, il ne changeait toujours pas d'avis whilst ou although he was more conciliatory, he still wouldn't change his mind3. [indiquant la cause, le moyen, la manière]4. [introduisant une condition, une supposition] ifen prenant un cas concret, on voit que... if we take a concrete example, we can see that...en supposant que... supposing that...G.[INTRODUISANT LE COMPLÉMENT DU VERBE] incroire en quelqu'un/quelque chose to believe in somebody/something————————[ɑ̃] pronomA.[COMPLÉMENT DU VERBE]1. [indiquant le lieu]il faudra que tu ailles à la poste — j'en viens you'll have to go to the post office — I've just got back from ou just been there2. [indiquant la cause, l'agent]on en meurt you can die of ou from it3. [complément d'objet]voilà des fraises/du lait, donne-lui-en here are some strawberries/here's some milk, give him somesi tu n'aimes pas la viande/les olives, n'en mange pas if you don't like meat/olives, don't eat anytous les invités ne sont pas arrivés, il en manque deux all the guests haven't arrived yet, two are missingtu en as acheté beaucoup you've bought a lot (of it/of them)4. [avec une valeur emphatique]tu en as de la chance! you really are lucky, you are!5. [complément d'objet indirect] about it6. [comme attribut]B.[EN COMPLÉMENT]1. [du nom ou du pronom]2. [de l'adjectif]sa maison en est pleine his house is full of it/themC.[LOCUTIONS] [locutions verbales]s'en prendre à quelqu'un to blame ou to attack somebodyil n'en croit pas ses oreilles/yeux he can't believe his ears/eyes
См. также в других словарях:
count — I n. act of counting total, tally 1) to make, take a count 2) to keep count of 3) to lose count of 4) (boxing) to go down for the count ( to be counted out ); to take a count of ten 5) an accurate, correct count 6) a blood; body; cell; pollen… … Combinatory dictionary
count to ten — {v. phr.}, {informal} To count from one to ten so you will have time to calm down or get control of yourself; put off action when angry or excited so as not to do anything wrong. * /Father always told us to count to ten before doing anything when … Dictionary of American idioms
count to ten — {v. phr.}, {informal} To count from one to ten so you will have time to calm down or get control of yourself; put off action when angry or excited so as not to do anything wrong. * /Father always told us to count to ten before doing anything when … Dictionary of American idioms
count\ to\ ten — v. phr. informal To count from one to ten so you will have time to calm down or get control of yourself; put off action when angry or excited so as not to do anything wrong. Father always told us to count to ten before doing anything when we got… … Словарь американских идиом
Ten (Pearl Jam album) — Ten Studio album by Pearl Jam Released August 27, 1991 … Wikipedia
One Biscayne Tower — General information Type Office Location 2 South Biscayne B … Wikipedia
Ten Commandments — For other uses, see Ten Commandments (disambiguation). This 1768 … Wikipedia
count — count1 /kownt/, v.t. 1. to check over (the separate units or groups of a collection) one by one to determine the total number; add up; enumerate: He counted his tickets and found he had ten. 2. to reckon up; calculate; compute. 3. to list or name … Universalium
count — I. verb Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo French cunter, counter, from Latin computare, from com + putare to consider Date: 14th century transitive verb 1. a. to indicate or name by units or groups so as to find the total number of units… … New Collegiate Dictionary
Count von Count — The Count redirects here. For the nobility title, see Count. For other uses, see Count (disambiguation). Count von Count Sesame Street character First appearance November 27, 1972 Voiced by Jerry Nelson … Wikipedia
count — [[t]ka͟ʊnt[/t]] ♦♦ counts, counting, counted 1) VERB When you count, you say all the numbers one after another up to a particular number. He was counting slowly under his breath... [V to num] Brian counted to twenty and lifted his binoculars. 2)… … English dictionary