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1 Commandeur d'Honneur de la Commanderie du Bontemps de Medoc
Общая лексика: Командор Чести Ордена Товарищей Бонтам (French wine award)Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Commandeur d'Honneur de la Commanderie du Bontemps de Medoc
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2 cardinal, yellow
—1. LAT Gubernatrix ( Lesson)2. RUS зелёный овсяночный кардинал m3. ENG yellow cardinal4. DEU Grünkardinal m5. FRA bruant m commandeur, cardinal m vert1. LAT Gubernatrix cristata ( Vieillot)2. RUS зелёный овсяночный кардинал m3. ENG yellow cardinal4. DEU Grünkardinal m5. FRA bruant m commandeur, cardinal m vertПЯТИЯЗЫЧНЫЙ СЛОВАРЬ НАЗВАНИЙ ЖИВОТНЫХ — птицы > cardinal, yellow
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3 commander
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4 commodore
n. Commodore, familienaam; merknaam van een p.c.[ kommədo:] 〈 scheepvaart〉2 commodore ⇒ bevelhebber van een smaldeel/eskader 〈 in Engeland of USA〉, gezagvoerder van een konvooi koopvaardijschepen -
5 blackbird, red-winged
—1. LAT Agelaius phoeniceus ( Linnaeus)2. RUS красноплечий чёрный трупиал m3. ENG red-winged blackbird4. DEU Rotschulterstärling m5. FRA carouge f à épaulettes, étourneau m commandeurПЯТИЯЗЫЧНЫЙ СЛОВАРЬ НАЗВАНИЙ ЖИВОТНЫХ — птицы > blackbird, red-winged
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6 pigeon, yellow-footed green
—1. LAT Treron phoenicoptera ( Latham)2. RUS желтоногий зелёный голубь m3. ENG yellow-footed [yellow-legged] green pigeon4. DEU Gelbfußtaube f, Rotschultertaube f5. FRA colombar m commandeurПЯТИЯЗЫЧНЫЙ СЛОВАРЬ НАЗВАНИЙ ЖИВОТНЫХ — птицы > pigeon, yellow-footed green
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7 pigeon, yellow-legged green
—1. LAT Treron phoenicoptera ( Latham)2. RUS желтоногий зелёный голубь m3. ENG yellow-footed [yellow-legged] green pigeon4. DEU Gelbfußtaube f, Rotschultertaube f5. FRA colombar m commandeurПЯТИЯЗЫЧНЫЙ СЛОВАРЬ НАЗВАНИЙ ЖИВОТНЫХ — птицы > pigeon, yellow-legged green
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8 CBE
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9 KCB
KCB [‚keɪsi:'bi:]British ( abbreviation Knight Commander (of the Order) of the Bath) Chevalier m Commandeur de l'Ordre du Bain -
10 knight
knight [naɪt]1 noun∎ a knight in shining armour (romantic hero) un prince charmant; (saviour) un sauveur, un redresseur de torts∎ Laurence Olivier was made a knight Laurence Olivier a été anobli ou fait chevalier(c) (chess piece) cavalier mfaire chevalier►► British knight bachelor chevalier m (n'appartenant à aucun ordre);the Knights of Columbus les Chevaliers de Colomb, = organisation catholique fondée aux États-Unis en 1882, présente dans de nombreux pays;British Knight Commander (of the Order) of the Bath Chevalier m Commandeur de l'Ordre du Bain;Knight of (the Order of) the Garter Chevalier de l'Ordre de la Jarretière;the Knights of the Round Table les Chevaliers de la Table ronde;Knight Templar Templier m -
11 Aubert, Jean
[br]b. 7 February 1894 Paris, Franced. 25 November 1984 Paris, France[br]French civil engineer.[br]Aubert was educated at the Lycée Louis-leGrand in Paris, and entered the Ecole Polytechnique in 1913. His studies were interrupted by the First World War, when he served as an artillery officer, being wounded twice and awarded the Croix de Guerre in 1916. He returned to the Ecole Polytechnique in 1919, and from 1920 to 1922 he attended the Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées; he graduated as Bachelor of Law from the University of Paris.In 1922 he began his long career, devoted principally to river and canal works. He was engineer in charge of the navigation works in Paris until 1932; he was then appointed Professor in the Chair of Internal Navigation at the Ecole des Ponts et Chaussées, a post he held until his retirement in 1961. From 1933 to 1945 he was general manager and later chairman of the Compagnie Nationale du Rhône; from 1945 to 1953, chairman of the electricity board of the Société Nationale des Chemins de Fer français; and from 1949 to 1967, chairman of the Rhine Navigation Company. Following his retirement, he was chairman of the Société des Constructions des Batignolles, and from 1966 consulting engineer and honorary chairman of SPIE Batignolles; he was also chairman of several other companies.In 1919 he published La Probabilité dans les tires de guerre, for which he was awarded the Pierson-Perrim prize by the Académie des Sciences in 1922. During his career he wrote numerous articles and papers on technical and economic subjects, his last, entitled "Philosophic de la pente d'eau", appearing in the journal Travaux in 1984 when he was ninety years old.Aubert's principal works included the construction of the Pont Edouard-Herriort on the Rhône at Lyon; the design and construction of the Génissiat and Lonzères-Mondragon dams on the Rhône; and the conception and design of the Denouval dam on the Seine near Andresy, completed in 1980. He was awarded the Caméré prize in 1934 by the Académie des Sciences for a new type of movable dam. Overseas governments and the United Nations consulted him on river navigation inter alia in Brazil, on the Mahanadi river in India, on the Konkomé river in Guinea, on the Vistula river in Poland, on the Paraguay river in South America and others.In 1961 he published his revolutionary ideas on the pente d'eau, or "water slope", which was designed to eliminate delays and loss of water in transferring barges from one level to another, without the use of locks. This design consisted of a sloping flume or channel through which a wedge of water, in which the barge was floating, was pushed by a powered unit. A prototype at Mon tech on the Canal Latéral at La Garonne, bypassing five locks, was opened in 1973. A second was opened in 1984 on the Canal du Midi at Fonserannes, near Béziers.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsCroix de Guerre 1916. Académie des Sciences: Prix Pierson-Perrim 1922, Prix Caméré 1934. Ingénieur Général des Ponts et Chaussées 1951. Commandeur de la Légion d'honneur 1960.Further ReadingDavid Tew, 1984, Canal Inclines and Lifts, Gloucester: Alan Sutton.JHB -
12 Blériot, Louis
SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace[br]b. 1 July 1872 Cambrai, Franced. 2 August 1936 Paris, France[br]French aircraft manufacturer and pilot who in 1909 made the first flight across the English Channel in an aeroplane.[br]Having made a fortune with his patented automobile lamp, Blériot started experimenting with model aircraft in about 1900. He tried a flapping-wing layout which, surprisingly, did fly, but a full-size version was a failure. Blériot tried out a wide variety of designs: a biplane float-glider built with Gabriel Voisin; a powered float-plane with ellipsoidal biplane wings; a canard (tail-first) monoplane; a tandem monoplane; and in 1907 a monoplane of conventional layout. This last was not an immediate success, but it led to the Type XI in which Blériot made history by flying from France to England on 25 July 1909.Without a doubt, Blériot was an accomplished pilot and a successful manufacturer of aircraft, but he sometimes employed others as designers (a fact not made known at the time). It is now accepted that much of the credit for the design of the Type XI should go to Raymond Saulnier, who later made his name with the Morane-Saulnier Company.Blériot-Aéronautique became one of the leading manufacturers of aircraft and by the outbreak of war in 1914 some eight hundred aircraft had been produced. By 1918, aircraft were being built at the rate of eighteen per day. The Blériot company continued to produce aircraft until it was nationalized in 1937.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsCommandeur de la Légion d'honneur. Daily Mail £1,000 prize for the first cross-Channel aeroplane flight.Further ReadingC.H.Gibbs-Smith, 1965, The Invention of the Aeroplane 1799–1909, London (contains a list of all Blériot's early aircraft).J.Stroud, 1966, European Transport Aircraft since 1920, London (for information about Blériot's later aircraft).For information relating to the cross-Channel flight, see: C.Fontaine, 1913, Comment Blériota traversé la, Manche, Paris.T.D.Crouch, 1982, Blériot XI, the Story of a Classic Aircraft, Washington, DC: National Air \& Space Museum.JDS -
13 Branly, Edouard Eugène
[br]b. 23 October 1844 Amiens, Franced. 24 March 1940 Paris, France[br]French electrical engineer, who c.1890 invented the coherer for detecting radio waves.[br]Branly received his education at the Lycée de Saint Quentin in the Département de l'Aisne and at the Henri IV College of Paris University, where he became a Fellow of the University, graduating as a Doctor of Physics in 1873. That year he was appointed a professor at the College of Bourges and Director of Physics Instruction at the Sorbonne. Three years later he moved to the Free School in Paris as Professor of Advanced Studies. In addition to these responsibilities, he qualified as an MD in 1882 and practised medicine from 1896 to 1916. Whilst carrying out experiments with Hertzian (radio) waves in 1890, Branly discovered that a tube of iron filings connected to a source of direct voltage only became conductive when the radio waves were present. This early form of rectifier, which he called a coherer and which needed regular tapping to maintain its response, was used to operate a relay when the waves were turned on and off by Morse signals, thus providing the first practical radio communication.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsPapal Order of Commander of St George 1899. Légion d'honneur, Chevalier 1900, Commandeur 1925. Osiris Prize (jointly with Marie Curie) 1903. Argenteuil Prize and Associate of the Royal Belgian Academy 1910. Member of the Academy of Science 1911. State Funeral at Notre Dame Cathedral.BibliographyAmongst his publications in Comptes rendus were "Conductivity of mediocre conductors", "Conductivity of gases", "Telegraphic conduction without wires" and "Conductivity of imperfect conductors realised at a distance by wireless by spark discharge of a capacitor".Further ReadingE.Hawkes, 1927, Pioneers of Wireless, London: Methuen. E.Larien, 1971, A History of Invention, London: Victor Gollancz.V.J.Phillips: 1980, Early Radio Wave Detectors, London: Peter Peregrinus.KF -
14 Chevenard, Pierre Antoine Jean Sylvestre
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 31 December 1888 Thizy, Rhône, Franced. 15 August 1960 Fontenoy-aux-Roses, France[br]French metallurgist, inventor of the alloys Elinvar and Platinite and of the method of strengthening nickel-chromium alloys by a precipitate ofNi3Al which provided the basis of all later super-alloy development.[br]Soon after graduating from the Ecole des Mines at St-Etienne in 1910, Chevenard joined the Société de Commentry Fourchambault et Decazeville at their steelworks at Imphy, where he remained for the whole of his career. Imphy had for some years specialized in the production of nickel steels. From this venture emerged the first austenitic nickel-chromium steel, containing 6 per cent chromium and 22–4 per cent nickel and produced commercially in 1895. Most of the alloys required by Guillaume in his search for the low-expansion alloy Invar were made at Imphy. At the Imphy Research Laboratory, established in 1911, Chevenard conducted research into the development of specialized nickel-based alloys. His first success followed from an observation that some of the ferro-nickels were free from the low-temperature brittleness exhibited by conventional steels. To satisfy the technical requirements of Georges Claude, the French cryogenic pioneer, Chevenard was then able in 1912 to develop an alloy containing 55–60 per cent nickel, 1–3 per cent manganese and 0.2–0.4 per cent carbon. This was ductile down to −190°C, at which temperature carbon steel was very brittle.By 1916 Elinvar, a nickel-iron-chromium alloy with an elastic modulus that did not vary appreciably with changes in ambient temperature, had been identified. This found extensive use in horology and instrument manufacture, and even for the production of high-quality tuning forks. Another very popular alloy was Platinite, which had the same coefficient of thermal expansion as platinum and soda glass. It was used in considerable quantities by incandescent-lamp manufacturers for lead-in wires. Other materials developed by Chevenard at this stage to satisfy the requirements of the electrical industry included resistance alloys, base-metal thermocouple combinations, magnetically soft high-permeability alloys, and nickel-aluminium permanent magnet steels of very high coercivity which greatly improved the power and reliability of car magnetos. Thermostatic bimetals of all varieties soon became an important branch of manufacture at Imphy.During the remainder of his career at Imphy, Chevenard brilliantly elaborated the work on nickel-chromium-tungsten alloys to make stronger pressure vessels for the Haber and other chemical processes. Another famous alloy that he developed, ATV, contained 35 per cent nickel and 11 per cent chromium and was free from the problem of stress-induced cracking in steam that had hitherto inhibited the development of high-power steam turbines. Between 1912 and 1917, Chevenard recognized the harmful effects of traces of carbon on this type of alloy, and in the immediate postwar years he found efficient methods of scavenging the residual carbon by controlled additions of reactive metals. This led to the development of a range of stabilized austenitic stainless steels which were free from the problems of intercrystalline corrosion and weld decay that then caused so much difficulty to the manufacturers of chemical plant.Chevenard soon concluded that only the nickel-chromium system could provide a satisfactory basis for the subsequent development of high-temperature alloys. The first published reference to the strengthening of such materials by additions of aluminium and/or titanium occurs in his UK patent of 1929. This strengthening approach was adopted in the later wartime development in Britain of the Nimonic series of alloys, all of which depended for their high-temperature strength upon the precipitated compound Ni3Al.In 1936 he was studying the effect of what is now known as "thermal fatigue", which contributes to the eventual failure of both gas and steam turbines. He then published details of equipment for assessing the susceptibility of nickel-chromium alloys to this type of breakdown by a process of repeated quenching. Around this time he began to make systematic use of the thermo-gravimetrie balance for high-temperature oxidation studies.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsPresident, Société de Physique. Commandeur de la Légion d'honneur.Bibliography1929, Analyse dilatométrique des matériaux, with a preface be C.E.Guillaume, Paris: Dunod (still regarded as the definitive work on this subject).The Dictionary of Scientific Biography lists around thirty of his more important publications between 1914 and 1943.Further Reading"Chevenard, a great French metallurgist", 1960, Acier Fins (Spec.) 36:92–100.L.Valluz, 1961, "Notice sur les travaux de Pierre Chevenard, 1888–1960", Paris: Institut de France, Académie des Sciences.ASDBiographical history of technology > Chevenard, Pierre Antoine Jean Sylvestre
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15 10004
1. LAT Agelaius phoeniceus ( Linnaeus)2. RUS красноплечий чёрный трупиал m3. ENG red-winged blackbird4. DEU Rotschulterstärling m5. FRA carouge f à épaulettes, étourneau m commandeur -
16 2379
1. LAT Treron phoenicoptera ( Latham)2. RUS желтоногий зелёный голубь m3. ENG yellow-footed [yellow-legged] green pigeon4. DEU Gelbfußtaube f, Rotschultertaube f5. FRA colombar m commandeur -
17 9209
1. LAT Gubernatrix ( Lesson)2. RUS зелёный овсяночный кардинал m3. ENG yellow cardinal4. DEU Grünkardinal m5. FRA bruant m commandeur, cardinal m vert -
18 9210
1. LAT Gubernatrix cristata ( Vieillot)2. RUS зелёный овсяночный кардинал m3. ENG yellow cardinal4. DEU Grünkardinal m5. FRA bruant m commandeur, cardinal m vert
См. также в других словарях:
commandeur — commandeur, euse [ kɔmɑ̃dɶr, øz ] n. • fin XIIe « chef »; de commander 1 ♦ N. m. (1260) Hist. Chevalier d un ordre militaire ou hospitalier, pourvu d une commanderie. Commandeur de Malte. Don Juan invita à souper la statue du commandeur qu il… … Encyclopédie Universelle
Commandeur — is a title in French and Dutch (also, now a purism, Kommandeur), usually rendered in English as Commander, with different uses. The literal meaning is he who commands, parallel to Commandant. In most senses the German equivalent is Kommandeur.… … Wikipedia
commandeur — COMMANDEUR. s. m. Chevalier d un Ordre Militaire ou Hospitalier, pourvu d un Bénéfice du même Ordre, qui lui donne le titre de Commandeur. Commandeur de Malte. Commandeur de Saint Lazare. Commandeur de Saint Louis. Commandeur de l Ordre… … Dictionnaire de l'Académie Française 1798
Commandeur [1] — Commandeur (fr., spr. Kommangdöhr), 1) der Befehlshaber einer Truppenabtheilung; so gibt es Compagnie , Bataillons , Regiments , Divisions C s. Sonst u. auch wohl noch jetzt verstand man unter Chef einen Befehlshaber, dem der Monarch eine… … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
Commandeur [2] — Commandeur (spr. Kommangdöhr), einige Vögel, als Emberiza Gubernator, von Buenos Ayres, s. u. Ammer h); Cassicus (Xanthornus phoeniceus), aus Nordamerika, ist ganz schwarz, auf der Flügelschulter mit einem rothen, unten gelb gesäumten Flecke, das … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
commandeur — (ko man deur) s. m. 1° Chevalier pourvu d une commanderie dans les anciens ordres militaires. Commandeur de Malte. • Seigneur commandeur, mon maître don Juan vous demande si vous voulez lui faire l honneur de venir souper avec lui, MOL. le… … Dictionnaire de la Langue Française d'Émile Littré
COMMANDEUR — s. m. Chevalier d un ordre militaire ou hospitalier, pourvu d une commanderie. Commandeur de Malte. Commandeur de Saint Lazare. Commandeur de l ordre Teutonique. Il désigne aussi, dans plusieurs ordres militaires et autres, Un grade plus ou… … Dictionnaire de l'Academie Francaise, 7eme edition (1835)
commandeur — I. Commandeur. s. m. Chevalier d un Ordre militaire, qui tient une Commanderie. Commandeur de Malte. On appelle, Commandeurs de l Ordre du S. Esprit, Les Prelats qui en sont. Le Cardinal, l Evesque tel, est Prelat Commandeur de l Ordre du saint… … Dictionnaire de l'Académie française
COMMANDEUR — n. m. Grade plus ou moins élevé, qui est purement honorifique. Dans l’ordre de la Légion d’honneur, le grade de commandeur est le troisième. Commandeur de l’ordre du Bain (Angleterre). Il se disait aussi d’un Chevalier d’un ordre militaire ou… … Dictionnaire de l'Academie Francaise, 8eme edition (1935)
Commandeur — Le terme de Commandeur peut faire référence au : Sommaire 1 Grade militaire Ordre 1.1 Ordre du Temple 1.2 Ordre de Saint Jean de Jérusalem 1.3 Légion d honneur … Wikipédia en Français
Commandeur des Arts et Lettres — Officier des Arts et Lettres Der Ordre des Arts et des Lettres (dt.: Orden der Künste und der Literatur) ist ein … Deutsch Wikipedia
