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41 сбор твердых отходов
Англо-русский словарь технических терминов > сбор твердых отходов
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42 basin
1. бассейн 2. водоём, резервуар 3. синклиналь; мульда 4. котловина 5. бассейн, впадина
anthracite basin антрацитовый угольный бассейн
arborescent drainage basin разветвлённый дренирующий бассейн
artesian basin артезианский бассейн
backarc sedimentary basin седиментационный бассейн, находящийся за островодужной системой
backdeep basin бассейн тылового прогиба
back intermontane basin межгорный бассейн на обращенной к морю стороне надвигового пояса мобильной зоны
barred basin см. restricted basin
barrier basin естественно запруженный бассейн, подпрудная впадина
canal basin лоток канала
catch basin водосбор (резервуар или бассейн для стока поверхностных вод)
catchment basin водосборный бассейн; бассейн дренажа
cirque basin каровый бассейн
closed basin бессточный бассейн
coal basin угольный бассейн
collecting basin приёмник для скопления нефти
continental basin континентальный бассейн, замкнутый бассейн во внутренней части материка
corrie basin каровый бассейн
cratonic basin автогеосинклиналь
deflation basin котловина выдувания (образованная в процессе ветровой эрозии)
deflection basin гляц. бассейн выпахивания
deposition basin бассейн осадконакопления
depressed basin углублённый водоём
discordant basin несогласный бассейн
drainage basin водосборный бассейн; бассейн дренажа
dry basin сухой бассейн
duplex basin двойной бассейн (структурный бассейн, пласты которого подверглись прогибанию в складки дважды в разное время)
dust basin пылевая впадина (обширное мелкое пылевое углубление на поверхности льда)
endorheic basin бессточный бассейн
euxinic basin водная среда (напр. изолированная впадина или фиорд) с ограниченной циркуляцией и застойными или анаэробными условиями
exudation basin впадина просачивания
fault basin сбросовая впадина (депрессия, отделённая разломами от окружающих пород)
firn basin 1. снежник 2. фирн, фирновый бассейн, фирновая мульда, фирновая область
fjord basin фиорд
flood basin паводковая площадь (во время разлива рек)
fold basin складчатый структурный бассейн
front intermontane basin ближайший к материку межгорный бассейн в подвижном поясе
frost-thaw basin термокарстовая впадина
furrow-like basin бороздоподобный бассейн
geological basin геологический бассейн
geyser basin гейзеровый бассейн
glacial basin ледниковый бассейн
headwater basin вершинная котловина
hydrogeological basin гидрогеологический бассейн
hydrographic basin гидрографический бассейн
ice-barrier basin подпруженный ледником озёрный бассейн
inland basin внутриконтинентальный бассейн
inland drainage basin бессточный бассейн
intake basin напорный бассейн
interior basin внутренний бассейн
intermount basin структурный синклинальный межгорный бассейн
iron-ore basin железорудный бассейн
isolated basin автогеосинклиналь
kettle basin ледниковая котловина
lake basin озёрный бассейн (территория, дренируемая реками в озеро)
limnetic basin пресноводный бассейн
limnic coal basin лимнический угольный бассейн
marginal basin краевой бассейн
morel basin каверна или углубление, образующиеся в результате растворения на поверхности обломков известняка
neve basin фирн, фирновый бассейн, фирновая мульда, фирновая область
nuclear basin нуклуарный бассейн (1. посторогенный бассейн в подвижном поясе 2. современная эпиэвгеосинклиналь)
ocean basin океанический бассейн
oil basin нефтеносный бассейн
paralic coal basin паралический угольный бассейн
playa basin больсон (впадина или понижение в области пустынь на юго-востоке США)
plunge basin водобойный колодец
reception basin бассейн дренажа
recharge basin питающий водоём, водохранилище
restricted basin ограниченный (замкнутый) бассейн (впадина океанического дна, характеризующаяся ограниченной циркуляцией воды)
rift-valley type basin рифтодолинный бассейн, грабеновый тип бассейна
river basin бассейн реки, речной бассейн
rock basin впадина в коренных породах; бассейн, выточенный ледником в коренных породах
sea basin морской бассейн
second cycle basin бассейн второго цикла (бассейн накопления, образованный сбросами в геосинклинальной зоне)
sedimentary basin бассейн осадконакопления, седиментационный бассейн
settling basin отстойник, отстойный бассейн
silled basin см. restricted basin
slump basin оползневая впадина
solution basin бассейн растворения; впадина, образовавшаяся в результате растворения поверхностного вещества
spillway basin водосливный бассейн, водосброс
stable coastal basin участок мелкого шельфового моря, медленно опускающийся у устойчивого берега
stagnant basin застойный водоём
starved basin некомпенсированный бассейн
structural basin структурный бассейн
synclinal basin синклинальный бассейн
tectonic basin тектонический бассейн
tensional basin впадина растяжения
terminal basin конечный водоём стока
tidal basin приливный бассейн
tilt-block basin приразломная долина, образовавшаяся вдоль пересечения разломов
tongue-like basin языкообразная мульда; центральная впадина в ледниковой серии, языкообразный бассейн
transverse basin экзогеосинклиналь (разновидность парагеосинклинали)
waste-filled basin резервуар с пустой насыпанной породой (при отработке шахт, карьеров)
wind-formed basin бассейн выдувания
wind-scoured basin котловина выдувания (образованная в процессе ветровой эрозии)
* * *• бассейн• впадина• естественная котловина, содержащая угольный пласт или другую напластованную залежь• залежь• мульда• часть моря, отделенная от соседних частей подводными возвышенностями• часть океана, отделенная от соседних частей подводными возвышенностями -
43 flue
1) боров
2) боровковый
3) боровый
4) дымовой
5) газообразный
6) дымоход
7) газоход
– by-pass flue
– checker flue
– collecting flue
– cooling flue
– cross-over flue
– discharge flue
– emergency flue
– flue bend
– flue bridge
– flue damper
– flue gas
– flue gas analyzer
– flue gas path
– flue to stack
– flue tube
– furnace flue
– gas flue
– heating flue
– main flue
– up-take flue
– waste gas flue
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44 near cash
!гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:"consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;" "the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;" "strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and"the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:"the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and"the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)"Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and"Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.More information about DEL and AME is set out below.In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets."Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest."Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:"Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and"The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:"provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;" "enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;" "introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and"not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:"an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;" "an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;" "to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with"further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.This document was updated on 19 December 2005.Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————"GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money"————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.———————————————————————————————————————— -
45 water
1) вода
2) водовозный
3) водоналивный
4) водоперепускный
5) водоподпорный
6) водопонижающий
7) водоприемный
8) водоуказательный
9) водоумягчающий
10) водоумягчительный
11) водяной
12) муарировать
13) споить
14) ватерный
15) водный
16) гидравлический
17) мочить
18) смачивать
– abrasive water
– acidic water
– activated water
– adsorbed water
– adsorption water
– aerated water
– aggressive water
– alkaline water
– ammonia water
– bath water
– bilge water
– boiler water
– bound water
– capillary water
– chemistry of water
– chlorinated water
– circulating water
– clarified water
– clarify water
– condition water
– crystal water
– deaerated water
– demineralized water
– deposit water
– depth water
– desalinate water
– desalinated water
– desalted water
– disinfection of water
– drain water
– drainage water
– edge water
– elevation of water
– entrapped water
– feed water
– film water
– free water
– hardness of water
– head water
– heating-system water
– heavy water
– high water
– hydration water
– impounded water
– industrial water
– infiltration water
– inject water
– interstitial water
– lay a cable in water
– light water
– lime water
– low water
– low water level
– low water line
– make-up water
– meteoric water
– millimeter of water
– mine water
– mineral water
– mineralized water
– natural water
– polluted water
– potable water
– power water
– pressure water
– process water
– pump out the water
– pure water
– purified water
– reclaimed water
– return water
– rinsing water
– running water
– seepage water
– settle water
– settling-vat water
– shield water
– ship by water
– shrinkage water
– soften water
– softened water
– soil water
– stagnant water
– steeping water
– storm water
– stratal water
– sulphate water
– superheated water
– surface water
– sweet water
– tail water
– tap water
– thermal water
– travel by water
– twice-distilled water
– underground water
– upstream water
– void water
– vulcanization in hot water
– waste water
– water absorbing
– water amelioration
– water area
– water balance
– water ballast
– water barge
– water bath
– water blancher
– water cadastre
– water carrier
– water chlorination
– water circulation
– water circulator
– water clarification
– water classifying
– water collection
– water column
– water concentration
– water conduit
– water conservation
– water cooler
– water cooling
– water deluting
– water discharge
– water disharge
– water displacing
– water droplet
– water equivalent
– water flow
– water gas
– water glass
– water hammer
– water hardening
– water heating
– water hose
– water ice
– water injection
– water intake
– water jacket
– water jet
– water landing
– water line
– water main
– water mass
– water of constitution
– water of plasticity
– water paint
– water permeable
– water pipe
– water preparation
– water pump
– water pumping
– water purification
– water receiving
– water regime
– water reservoir-cooler
– water scoop
– water seal
– water shutoff
– water side
– water softener
– water softening
– water sprays
– water suit
– water surface
– water tank
– water treatment
– water turbine
– water use rate
– water wall
– wet water meter
domestic hot water converter — абонентский водоподогреватель
high water level — <geol.> горизонт высоких вод
interstitial bottom water — <energ.> вода пластовая
snow water on ice — <geogr.> лед со снежинцами
water supply well — <energ.> скважина водозаборная
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46 pipe
труб (к) а; трубопровод; бочка (емкостью 491 л); подавать по трубам или трубопроводу pipe adapting - соединительная часть трубопровода, фитинг pipe admitting - впускная груба или трубопровод pipe air - воздухопровод; воздушная труба или магистраль pipe blast (air) - труба системы нагнетания воздуха pipe blowoff - выпускная труба pipe branch - ответвление трубопровода, патрубок; рукавный ствол pipe breeches - Y-образный тройник bypass - перепускная или обводная труба pipe circulating (circulation) - циркуляционная труба pipe coil(ed) - змеевик pipe collecting - (водо-, паро)сборная труба, коллектор pipe conductor - направляющая труба pipe conduit - кабелепровод; изоляционная труба pipe connecting (connection) - соединительная труба; патрубок; штуцер pipe cooling - охлаждающий трубопровод pipe deck - палубный или лафетный пожарный ствол pipe delivery - подающая (нагнетательная, напорная) труба; подводящий трубопровод pipe discharge - отливная или отводная труба pipe distributing (distribution) - распределительная труба или трубопровод pipe down - спускная или сливная труба; вертикальная труба, стояк; водосточная труба pipe eduction - выпускная или выхлопная труба; отводная труба pipe elbow (bend) - колено трубы pipe exhaust - выпускная или выхлопная труба; труба отработанного (мятого) пара pipe expansion - компенсационная труба; компенсатор pipe extension - ствол-удлинитель pipe extinguishing - труба установки пожаротушения pipe extraction - вытяжная труба pipe tall - водосточная труба pipe faucet - труба с раструбом или муфтой pipe feed - питающая (подающая) труба pipe fitting - патрубок pipe flange(d) - труба с фланцем или фланцами pipe flexible - (гибкий) рукав, шланг pipe flexible armo(u)red - гибкий армированный рукав pipe flow - сливная труба; разводка (труба для подачи горячей воды в системе водяного отопления) pipe flue - дымоход pipe foam-making branch - ручной ствол пенного тушения pipe force - напорная или нагнетательная труба pipe gas - газовая труба; газопровод pipe gas bleeding branch - газоотводящий патрубок pipe hand control branch - ручной ствол pipe hose - шланг, (гибкий) рукав pipe injection - ннжекционная (впрыскивающая) труба pipe injector blow - инжекторная горелка pipe jet - пожарный ствол; реактивное сопло pipe knee - колено трубы pipe ladder - лестничный пожарный ствол pipe line - (магистральный) трубопровод pipe loricated - труба с теплоизоляцией pipe main - магистраль, магистральная труба или трубопровод pipe multipurpose hand control branch - многоцелевой крановый ствол pipe oil discharge - разгрузочный трубопровод для нефтепродуктов pipe outlet - выпускная труба pipe overflow - переливная или сливная труба pipe pressure - нагнетательная (напорная) труба pipe reducing - переходная труба или патрубок pipe ribbed - оребренная (ребристая) труба pipe riser (rising) - вертикальная труба, стояк pipe rose - труба с приемной (всасывающей) сеткой pipe run-down - сливная (спускная) труба pipe siphon - сифонная труба, сифон pipe smoke - дымовая труба socket - труба с раструбом или муфтой pipe spill - сливной патрубок pipe stand - вертикальная труба, стояк; стояк гидранта pipe steam-discharge - пароотводящая труба pipe steam-supply - паровпускная (пароподводягцая) труба pipe stove - печная железная труба; дымоход pipe suction - всасывающая труба или патрубок; приемная труба (насоса) pipe supply - подводящая (впускная) труба pipe swivel - труба с шарнирным соединением pipe tail - приемная труба насоса; выхлопная труба (двигателя) pipe takeoff - водоразборная (заборная) труба pipe taper - коническая соединительная часть (фитинг) (для соединения двух труб разного диаметра) pipe T-branch (tee-branch) - тройник pipe tell-tale - контрольная труба pipe three-way - трехходовая труба; тройник pipe vent(ilating) - вентиляционная (вытяжная, воздухоотводная, газоотводная) труба pipe warm-air - трубопровод для нагретого воздуха pipe waste - спускная (сливная) труба pipe water - водопроводная труба pipe water-discharge - водоотливная труба pipe water-distribution - s внутренние трубы водопровода (от ввода до кранов) pipe water-inlet - водопроводящая труба pipe water-service - водяной трубопровод; водопроводная труба (от магистрали до обслуживаемого здания) pipe wet condense - мокрый конденсатопрозод pipe worm - змеевик pipe wrapped - труба с теплоизоляцией pipe Y - Y-образный тройник; остроугольный отвод трубы -
47 toll
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48 bag
1. мешок; сумка; 2. мешковина; 3. упаковывать; 4. оттопыриваться; 5. висеть мешком (об одежде) @burlap bag джутовый мешок @dust collecting bag пылеосадительный мешок @hand bag женская сумочка @kit bag вещевой мешок @laundry bag стиральный мешок; стиральная сетка @saddle bag 1. седельный вьюк; перемётная сума; 2. подседельная ткань @seamless bag цельнотканный мешок @shopping bag хозяйственная сумка @waste bag мешок для угара @ -
49 comb
1. гребень; 2. гребёнка челночной машины; 3. чесалка; 4. гребнечесальная машина (см. также comber); 5. бёрдо; рядок; 6. расчёсывать; прочёсывать; чесать; 7. мять; трепать @closed comb бёрдо высокого номера @condenser comb шарнирнораздвижной рядок @dividing comb нитеразделительный гребень @doffer comb очёсывающий гребень @doffing comb очёсывающий гребень @evener comb 1. очёсывающий гребень; счищающий гребень; 2. разравнивающая гребёнка авточистителя @expansion comb раздвижной рядок @flat stripping comb качающаяся гребёнка для очёсывания шляпок (чесальной машины) @fly comb качающийся гребень @front comb передний рядок (сновальной машины) @guide comb 1. рядок (сновальной машины); 2. гребёнка (вязальной машины) @heel comb пяточная гребёнка (вязальной машины) @knock-over comb сбрасывающая гребёнка (вязальной машины) @leasing comb ценовый рядок (сновальной машины) @narrowing comb 1. сбавочная гребёнка (вязальной машины); 2. ряд деккеров (коттон-машины) @nip comb гребнечесальная машина @noil-stripping comb очёсывающий гребень для угаров @oscillating comb качающийся гребень @receding comb очёсывающий гребень @rippling comb мыканица (для чесания льна) @slasher comb рядок шлихтовальной или сновальной машины @stripping comb 1. очёсывающий гребень; счищающий гребень; 2. разравнивающая гребёнка авточистителя @top comb 1. верхний гребень; 2. накладной прямой гребень (гребнечесальной мамины) @warper comb рядок сновальной машины @waste-collecting comb очёсывающий гребень для угаров @zigzag comb шарнирораздвижной рядок @ -
50 bag
1. мешок; сумка; 2. мешковина; 3. упаковывать; 4. оттопыриваться; 5. висеть мешком (об одежде) @burlap bag джутовый мешок @dust collecting bag пылеосадительный мешок @hand bag женская сумочка @kit bag вещевой мешок @laundry bag стиральный мешок; стиральная сетка @saddle bag 1. седельный вьюк; перемётная сума; 2. подседельная ткань @seamless bag цельнотканный мешок @shopping bag хозяйственная сумка @waste bag мешок для угара @ -
51 comb
1. гребень; 2. гребёнка челночной машины; 3. чесалка; 4. гребнечесальная машина (см. также comber); 5. бёрдо; рядок; 6. расчёсывать; прочёсывать; чесать; 7. мять; трепать @closed comb бёрдо высокого номера @condenser comb шарнирнораздвижной рядок @dividing comb нитеразделительный гребень @doffer comb очёсывающий гребень @doffing comb очёсывающий гребень @evener comb 1. очёсывающий гребень; счищающий гребень; 2. разравнивающая гребёнка авточистителя @expansion comb раздвижной рядок @flat stripping comb качающаяся гребёнка для очёсывания шляпок (чесальной машины) @fly comb качающийся гребень @front comb передний рядок (сновальной машины) @guide comb 1. рядок (сновальной машины); 2. гребёнка (вязальной машины) @heel comb пяточная гребёнка (вязальной машины) @knock-over comb сбрасывающая гребёнка (вязальной машины) @leasing comb ценовый рядок (сновальной машины) @narrowing comb 1. сбавочная гребёнка (вязальной машины); 2. ряд деккеров (коттон-машины) @nip comb гребнечесальная машина @noil-stripping comb очёсывающий гребень для угаров @oscillating comb качающийся гребень @receding comb очёсывающий гребень @rippling comb мыканица (для чесания льна) @slasher comb рядок шлихтовальной или сновальной машины @stripping comb 1. очёсывающий гребень; счищающий гребень; 2. разравнивающая гребёнка авточистителя @top comb 1. верхний гребень; 2. накладной прямой гребень (гребнечесальной мамины) @warper comb рядок сновальной машины @waste-collecting comb очёсывающий гребень для угаров @zigzag comb шарнирораздвижной рядок @ -
52 ditch
1) траншея; кювет; канава; жёлоб ( для бурового раствора)2) выемка; котлован•- cross ditch - deep ditch - diversion ditch - drain ditch - field ditch - foundation ditch - hillside ditch - interception ditch - irrigation ditch - open ditch - outfall ditch - roadside ditch - shallow ditch - side ditch - waste ditch - water-diversion ditch* * *канавка, траншея, кювет- aerobic ditch
- collecting ditch
- cross ditch
- diversion ditch
- drainage ditch
- drain ditch
- field ditch
- foundation ditch
- interception ditch
- main drainage ditch
- offtake ditch
- outfall ditch
- oxidation ditch
- pipeline ditch
- roadside ditch
- side ditch
- supply ditch
- surface ditch
- V-shaped ditch -
53 flue
1) дымовая труба, дымовой канал, боров, газоход2) воздухопровод; воздуховод•- air flue- boiler flue - bypass flue - charging flue - checker flue - chimney flue - collecting flue - discharge flue - dust flue - foul air flue - fresh air flue - hot air heating flue - main flue - smoke flue - suction flue - waste-gas flue* * *дымоход, дымовой канал; газоход- air flue
- balanced flue
- chimney flue
- discharge flue
- exhaust flue
- foul-air flue
- gas flue
- horizontal flue
- primary flue
- smoke flue -
54 well
1) колодец; источник2) скважина3) водоём; резервуар4) отстойник, зумпф5) шахта (напр. лифта)7) углубление8) канал; труба•- absorption well - air well - anchor well - artesian well - blowing well - bore well - bow well - branched well - clarification well - commercial well - control well - dead well - discharging well - disposal well - drainage well - dredging well - dug well - dump well - elevator well - exploratory well - feed well - filter well - flowing well - imperfect well - intake well - irrigation well - isolated well - key well - ladle well - lift well - light well - master well - natural-strained well - observation well - offset well - open well - open-end well - pioneer well - pipe well - pressure-relief well - recharge well - relief well - screened well - stair well - steep-sided well - stilling well - stripped well - suction well - sunk well - supply well - surging well - three-dimensional square well - tube well - tubular well - water well* * *колодец; скважина; источник- absorbing well
- abyssinian well
- air well
- artesian well
- bleeder well
- bored well
- bow well
- cased well
- clarification well
- collecting well
- combination well
- completely penetrating well
- compound well
- confined well
- control well
- deep well
- discharging well
- disposal well
- drain well
- dredging well
- driven well
- dry well
- dug well
- dump well
- ebbing well
- elevator well
- escalator well
- filter well
- float well
- flowing well
- fully penetrating well
- gauge well
- gravity well
- groundwater well
- horizontal filter well
- hot well
- imperfect well
- incomplete well
- index well
- injection well
- inlet well
- input well
- inverted well
- leaching well
- lift well
- negative well
- nonartesian well
- nonpenetrating well
- observation well
- open well
- open-end well
- partially penetrating well
- percolation well
- perfect well
- perforated-casing well
- pump well
- radial well
- recharge well
- relief well
- sand drainage well
- screened well
- settling well
- shallow well
- stair well
- stern well
- stilling well
- test well
- thermometer well
- tube well
- waste well
- water well
- wet well -
55 canal
канал; магистраль (для масла, охлаждающей жидкости и т.п.); русло; поток; отверстие; жёлоб- canal check - canal drier - canal in cut - canal pipelining - canal specifications - canal stretch - branch canal - collecting canal - dig a canal - discharge canal - distributing canal - ditch canal - drainage canal - escape canal - feeder canal - feeding canal - flushing canal - fuel canal - gravity canal - irrigation canal - main canal - major canal - minor canal - oil canal - pipe canal - side canal - waste canal -
56 flue
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57 drain
1. дрена, дренажная труба2. труба внутридомовой канализации или внутренних водостоков3. труба или канал наружной канализации4. соединительная ветка канализационной сетиdrain pump — дренажный насос; насос сточных вод; канализационный насос
5. водоотводная трубка ездового полотна6. продух7. приямок у фундаментной стены8. воздушный каналblind drain — каменная дрена; закрытая дрена; дрена, не присоединённая к системе канализации
box drain — дрена прямоугольного сечения, коробчатая дрена
branch drain — дрена-осушитель, дрена низшего порядка
catch drain — нагорная канава или дрена; нагорный канал
drain ditch — дренажная канава или траншея; осушительный канал, осушитель
9. дренажная галереяcounter drain — дрена, проложенная вдоль подошвы откоса
downstream drains — дренаж тела и основания земляной плотины; плоский дренаж
drain system — дренажная система; система дренажей
10. фильтрационная галерея11. каменная дрена; дренажная канава12. дрена из крупного камня в теле плотины13. осушительная дрена с трубами, уложенными в фильтрующий материалdrain point — точка дренирования; место дренажа
14. водоприёмник; дренирующий водоток15. дрена-собиратель; дренажный коллекторpipe drain — трубчатая дрена; водоотводная трубка ездового полотна
16. дренажная призма17. водосточная система здания18. водосточная воронка19. вертикальная песчаная дрена20. подземный сточный лотокstorm drain — коллектор ливневой канализации, дождевой водосток, ливнеотводный канал
surface-water drain — ливневой водосток, коллектор ливневой канализации
transverse drain — дрена-собиратель; дренажный коллектор; поперечная дрена
weeper drain — дрена-собиратель, коллектор
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58 point
1. пунктembargoed point — пункт, на который запрещено подавать грузы
2. точка3. стежок; шитьё4. гравировальная игла; резец для гравированияsaluting point — место, трибуна для принимающего парад
5. скошенная кромка6. режущая кромка7. ставить знаки препинания8. наносить пунктирpoint of impression — зона давления печатания; зона печатного контакта
9. место зажимаgage point — точка измерения; место замера
assembly point — место сбора; сборный пункт
10. зона сжатия11. место разрезки или рубки бумажной ленты12. мгновенная точка резанияDidot point — пункт, пункт Дидо, французский пункт
dry point — «сухая игла»
French point — пункт, пункт Дидо, французский пункт
13. контрольная точка, исходный пункт14. ориентир -
59 system
система; установка; устройство; ркт. комплекс"see to land" system — система посадки с визуальным приземлением
A.S.I. system — система указателя воздушной скорости
ablating heat-protection system — аблирующая [абляционная] система тепловой защиты
ablating heat-shield system — аблирующая [абляционная] система тепловой защиты
active attitude control system — ксм. активная система ориентации
aft-end rocket ignition system — система воспламенения заряда с задней части РДТТ [со стороны сопла]
aircraft response sensing system — система измерений параметров, характеризующих поведение ЛА
air-inlet bypass door system — дв. система перепуска воздуха на входе
antiaircraft guided missile system — ракетная система ПВО; зенитный ракетный комплекс
antiaircraft guided weapons system — ракетная система ПВО; зенитный ракетный комплекс
attenuated intercept satellite rendez-vous system — система безударного соединения спутников на орбите
attitude and azimuth reference system — система измерения или индикации углов тангажа, крена и азимута
automatic departure prevention system — система автоматического предотвращения сваливания или вращения после сваливания
automatic drift kick-off system — система автоматического устранения угла упреждения сноса (перед приземлением)
automatic hovering control system — верт. система автостабилизации на висении
automatic indicating feathering system — автоматическая система флюгирования с индикацией отказа (двигателя)
automatic mixture-ratio control system — система автоматического регулирования состава (топливной) смеси
automatic pitch control system — автомат тангажа; автоматическая система продольного управления [управления по каналу тангажа]
B.L.C. high-lift system — система управления пограничным слоем для повышения подъёмной силы (крыла)
backpack life support system — ксм. ранцевая система жизнеобеспечения
beam-rider (control, guidance) system — ркт. система наведения по лучу
biowaste electric propulsion system — электрический двигатель, работающий на биологических отходах
buddy (refueling, tank) system — (подвесная) автономная система дозаправки топливом в полете
closed(-circuit, -cycle) system — замкнутая система, система с замкнутым контуром или циклом; система с обратной связью
Cooper-Harper pilot rating system — система баллов оценки ЛА лётчиком по Куперу — Харперу
deployable aerodynamic deceleration system — развёртываемая (в атмосфере) аэродинамическая тормозная система
depressurize the fuel system — стравливать избыточное давление (воздуха, газа) в топливной системе
driver gas heating system — аэрд. система подогрева толкающего газа
dry sump (lubrication) system — дв. система смазки с сухим картером [отстойником]
electrically powered hydraulic system — электронасосная гидросистема (в отличие от гидросистемы с насосами, приводимыми от двигателя)
exponential control flare system — система выравнивания с экспоненциальным управлением (перед приземлением)
flywheel attitude control system — ксм. инерционная система ориентации
gas-ejection attitude control system — ксм. газоструйная система ориентация
gas-jet attitude control system — ксм. газоструйная система ориентация
ground proximity extraction system — система извлечения грузов из самолёта, пролетающего на уровне земли
hot-air balloon water recovery system — система спасения путем посадки на воду с помощью баллонов, наполняемых горячими газами
hypersonic air data entry system — система для оценки аэродинамики тела, входящего в атмосферу планеты с гиперзвуковой скоростью
igh-temperature fatigue test system — установка для испытаний на выносливость при высоких температурах
interceptor (directing, vectoring) system — система наведения перехватчиков
ion electrical propulsion system — ксм. ионная двигательная установка
isotope-heated catalytic oxidizer system — система каталитического окислителя с нагревом от изотопного источника
jet vane actuation system — ркт. система привода газового руля
laminar flow pumping system — система насосов [компрессоров] для ламинаризации обтекания
launching range safety system — система безопасности ракетного полигона; система обеспечения безопасности космодрома
leading edge slat system — система выдвижных [отклоняемых] предкрылков
low-altitude parachute extraction system — система беспосадочного десантирования грузов с малых высот с использованием вытяжных парашютов
magnetic attitude control system — ксм. магнитная система ориентации
magnetically slaved compass system — курсовая система с магнитной коррекцией, гироиндукционная курсовая система
mass-expulsion attitude control system — система ориентации за счёт истечения массы (газа, жидкости)
mass-motion attitude control system — ксм. система ориентации за счёт перемещения масс
mass-shifting attitude control system — ксм. система ориентации за счёт перемещения масс
monopropellant rocket propulsion system — двигательная установка с ЖРД на унитарном [однокомпонентном] топливе
nucleonic propellant gauging and utilization system — система измерения и регулирования подачи топлива с использованием радиоактивных изотопов
open(-circuit, -cycle) system — открытая [незамкнутая] система, система с незамкнутым контуром или циклом; система без обратной связи
plenum chamber burning system — дв. система сжигания топлива во втором контуре
positioning system for the landing gear — система регулирования высоты шасси (при стоянке самолёта на земле)
radar altimeter low-altitude control system — система управления на малых высотах с использованием радиовысотомера
radar system for unmanned cooperative rendezvous in space — радиолокационная система для обеспечения встречи (на орбите) беспилотных кооперируемых КЛА
range and orbit determination system — система определения дальностей [расстояний] и орбит
real-time telemetry processing system — система обработки радиотелеметрических данных в реальном масштабе времени
recuperative cycle regenerable carbon dioxide removal system — система удаления углекислого газа с регенерацией поглотителя, работающая по рекуперативному циклу
rendezvous beacon and command system — маячно-командная система обеспечения встречи («а орбите)
satellite automatic terminal rendezvous and coupling system — автоматическая система сближения и стыковки спутников на орбите
Schuler tuned inertial navigation system — система инерциальной навигации на принципе маятника Шулера
sodium superoxide carbon dioxide removal system — система удаления углекислого газа с помощью надперекиси натрия
space shuttle separation system — система разделения ступеней челночного воздушно-космического аппарата
stellar-monitored astroinertial navigation guidance system — астроинерциальная система навигации и управления с астрокоррекцией
terminal control landing system — система управления посадкой по траектории, связанной с выбранной точкой приземления
terminal descent control system — ксм. система управления на конечном этапе спуска [снижения]
terminal guidance system for a satellite rendezvous — система управления на конечном участке траектории встречи спутников
test cell flow system — ркт. система питания (двигателя) топливом в огневом боксе
vectored thrust (propulsion) system — силовая установка с подъёмно-маршевым двигателем [двигателями]
water to oxygen system — ксм. система добывания кислорода из воды
wind tunnel data acquisition system — система регистрации (и обработки) данных при испытаниях в аэродинамической трубе
— D system
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