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121 valokaasu
• aerogene gas• coal gas• town gas -
122 Fox, Samson
SUBJECT AREA: Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering, Metallurgy, Steam and internal combustion engines[br]b. 11 July 1838 Bowling, near Bradford, Yorkshire, Englandd. 24 October 1903 Walsall, Staffordshire, England[br]English engineer who invented the corrugated boiler furnace.[br]He was the son of a cloth mill worker in Leeds and at the age of 10 he joined his father at the mill. Showing a mechanical inclination, he was apprenticed to a firm of machine-tool makers, Smith, Beacock and Tannett. There he rose to become Foreman and Traveller, and designed and patented tools for cutting bevelled gears. With his brother and one Refitt, he set up the Silver Cross engineering works for making special machine tools. In 1874 he founded the Leeds Forge Company, acting as Managing Director until 1896 and then as Chairman until shortly before his death.It was in 1877 that he patented his most important invention, the corrugated furnace for steam-boilers. These furnaces could withstand much higher pressures than the conventional form, and higher working pressures in marine boilers enabled triple-expansion engines to be installed, greatly improving the performance of steamships, and the outcome was the great ocean-going liners of the twentieth century. The first vessel to be equipped with the corrugated furnace was the Pretoria of 1878. At first the furnaces were made by hammering iron plates using swage blocks under a steam hammer. A plant for rolling corrugated plates was set up at Essen in Germany, and Fox installed a similar mill at his works in Leeds in 1882.In 1886 Fox installed a Siemens steelmaking plant and he was notable in the movement for replacing wrought iron with steel. He took out several patents for making pressed-steel underframes for railway wagons. The business prospered and Fox opened a works near Chicago in the USA, where in addition to wagon underframes he manufactured the first American pressed-steel carriages. He later added a works at Pittsburgh.Fox was the first in England to use water gas for his metallurgical operations and for lighting, with a saving in cost as it was cheaper than coal gas. He was also a pioneer in the acetylene industry, producing in 1894 the first calcium carbide, from which the gas is made.Fox took an active part in public life in and around Leeds, being thrice elected Mayor of Harrogate. As a music lover, he was a benefactor of musicians, contributing no less than £45,000 towards the cost of building the Royal College of Music in London, opened in 1894. In 1897 he sued for libel the author Jerome K.Jerome and the publishers of the Today magazine for accusing him of misusing his great generosity to the College to give a misleading impression of his commercial methods and prosperity. He won the case but was not awarded costs.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsRoyal Society of Arts James Watt Silver Medal and Howard Gold Medal. Légion d'honneur 1889.Bibliography1877, British Patent nos. 1097 and 2530 (the corrugated furnace or "flue", as it was often called).Further ReadingObituary, 1903, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers: 919–21.Obituary, 1903, Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers (the fullest of the many obituary notices).G.A.Newby, 1993, "Behind the fire doors: Fox's corrugated furnace 1877 and the high pressure steamship", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 64.LRD -
123 Yost, Paul Edward
SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace[br]b. 30 June 1919 Bristow, Iowa, USA[br]American designer of balloons who reintroduced the hot-air balloon.[br]After the early hot-air balloons of the Montgolfier brothers in the 1780s, this branch of ballooning was superseded by hydrogen, coal gas and helium balloons. Following the research by Auguste Piccard into cosmic radiation during the 1930s, a renewed interest in this branch of research arose in the United States from 1947 onwards, using helium-filled balloons. Modern plastics were available by this time, and polythene was used for the envelopes.Paul E.Yost developed an improved form of envelope using nylon fabric laminated with mylar plastic film. This provided a strong impermeable material that was ideal for balloons. Using this material for the envelope, Yost produced the Vulcoon in 1960. He also reintroduced the use of hot air to inflate his balloon and developed an easily controlled gas burner fuelled by propane gas, which was readily available in cylinders for portable cooking stoves. Yost's company, Raven Industries, developed these very basic balloons as a military project. The pilot was suspended in a sling, but they improved the design by fitting wicker or aluminium baskets and turned to a market in the field of sport. After a slow start, hot-air ballooning became popular as a sport. In 1963 Yost made the first crossing of the English Channel in a hot-air balloon, accompanied by Donald Piccard, nephew of the balloonist Auguste Piccard, and Charles Dollfus, the eminent French aviation historian. Yost's attempt to cross the Atlantic in his balloon Silver Fox during 1976 failed and he was rescued from the sea near the Azores. The popularity of hot-air ballooning increased during the 1970s, and evolved into a very original form of advertising with unusual shapes for the envelopes, including a house, a bottle and an elephant.JDS -
124 каменноугольный газ производимый путем сухой перегонки каменного угля
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > каменноугольный газ производимый путем сухой перегонки каменного угля
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125 kaasuhiili
• bottle coal• gas coal -
126 каменноугольный газ
1) Engineering: coal gas2) Cement: coke-oven gasУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > каменноугольный газ
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127 Kokereigas
n < verbr> ■ coke-oven gas; coal gas -
128 Koksofengas
n < verbr> ■ coke-oven gas; coal gas
См. также в других словарях:
Coal gas — Coal Coal (k[=o]l), n. [AS. col; akin to D. kool, OHG. chol, cholo, G. kohle, Icel. kol, pl., Sw. kol, Dan. kul; cf. Skr. jval to burn. Cf. {Kiln}, {Collier}.] 1. A thoroughly charred, and extinguished or still ignited, fragment from wood or… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
coal gas — coal′ gas n. 1) chem. ene a gas used for lighting and heating, made by distilling bituminous coal 2) chem. ene the gas formed by burning coal • Etymology: 1800 … From formal English to slang
coal gas — n. 1. a gas produced by the destructive distillation of bituminous coal: used for lighting and heating 2. a poisonous gas given off by burning coal … English World dictionary
coal gas — n [U] gas produced by burning coal, used especially for electricity and heating →↑natural gas … Dictionary of contemporary English
Coal gas — Towngas redirects here. For the company in Hong Kong trading as Towngas , see The Hong Kong and China Gas Company Limited. See also: Coal gasification and Coal seam gas Coal gas (also town gas and illumination gas) is a flammable gaseous… … Wikipedia
coal gas — noun gaseous mixture produced by distillation of bituminous coal and used for heating and lighting • Hypernyms: ↑fuel • Hyponyms: ↑town gas * * * noun : gas made from coal: as a. : the mixture of … Useful english dictionary
coal gas — akmens anglių dujos statusas T sritis chemija apibrėžtis Akmens anglių koksavimo dujiniai produktai. atitikmenys: angl. coal gas rus. каменноугольный газ … Chemijos terminų aiškinamasis žodynas
coal-gas — tvaikas statusas T sritis ekologija ir aplinkotyra apibrėžtis Ore tvyrantis nemalonus kvapas, kurį sukelia cheminiai procesai, ypač puvimas. atitikmenys: angl. coal gas; fumes; stench; stink vok. Dunst, m; Schwaden, m rus. газ с неприятным… … Ekologijos terminų aiškinamasis žodynas
coal gas — gas made from coal (used for heating) … English contemporary dictionary
coal gas — 1. a gas used for illuminating and heating, produced by distilling bituminous coal and consisting chiefly of hydrogen, methane, and carbon monoxide. 2. the gas formed by burning coal. [1800 10] * * * ▪ chemical compound gaseous mixture… … Universalium
coal gas — noun Date: 1809 gas made from coal: as a. the mixture of gases thrown off by burning coal b. gas made by carbonizing bituminous coal in retorts and used for heating and lighting … New Collegiate Dictionary
