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chief

  • 1 princeps

    chief, prince.

    Latin-English dictionary of medieval > princeps

  • 2 procer

    chief noble, prince.

    Latin-English dictionary of medieval > procer

  • 3 magister

    măgister, tri (old orthog., ‡ magester, like ‡ leber, ‡ Menerva, for liber, Minerva, acc. to Quint. 1, 4, 17), m. [a double comparative in form, from magis, and comparative ending -ter; cf.: minister, sinister], a master, chief, head, superior, director, president, leader, commander, conductor, etc.:

    quibus praecipua cura rerum incumbit, et qui magis quam ceteri diligentiam et sollicitudinem rebus, quibus praesunt, debent, hi magistri appellantur,

    Dig. 50, 16, 57.
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen., the dictator in the earliest times was called magister populi, the chief of the people:

    in Magistro populi faciendo, qui vulgo dictator appellatur... qui primus Magister a populo creatus est, Paul. ex Fest. s. v. optima lex, p. 198 Müll.: (sapiens) rectius appellabitur rex quam Tarquinius, qui nec se nec suos regere potuit: rectius magister populi (is enim dictator est) quam Sulla, qui trium pestiferorum vitiorum, luxuriae, avaritiae, crudelitatis magister fuit,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 22, 75; cf.

    also below the passage,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 82 Müll.; Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 9:

    dictator quidem ab eo appellatur, quia dicitur: sed in nostris libris (sc. auguralibus) vides eum magistrum populi appellari,

    id. Rep. 1, 40, 63 Creuz.; cf.

    , with reference to this passage,

    Sen. Ep. 108, 31:

    Larcum moderatorem et magistrum consulibus appositum,

    Liv. 2, 18, 5.—Magister equitum, the chief of the cavalry, appointed by the dictator:

    magister equitum, quod summa potestas hujus in equites et accensos, ut est summa populi dictator, a quo is quoque magister populi appellatus,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 82 Müll.:

    dictator magistrum equitum dicit L. Tarquitium,

    Liv. 3, 27; 7, 21 fin.;

    23, 11: fumosi equitum magistri,

    in a family tree, Juv. 8, 8.—So, magister peditum (analogous to magister equitum), chief of the infantry, Amm. 21, 12, 16. —The censor is called magister morum, master of morals, Cic. Fam. 3, 13, 2:

    magister sacrorum,

    the chief priest, Liv. 39, 18 fin.; v. Drak. ad loc.; so,

    PVBLICVS SACRORVM (or SACERDOTVM),

    Inscr. Orell. 2351:

    FRATRVM ARVALIVM,

    ib. 2426:

    SALIORVM,

    ib. 2247; 2419:

    LARVM AVGVSTI,

    ib. 1661 et saep.:

    curiae,

    the overseer of a curia, Plaut. Aul. 1, 2, 29: vici, the overseer of a quarter or ward, Suet. Aug. 30:

    chori canentium,

    a head-chorister, leader of a choir, Col. 12, 2:

    officiorum and operarum,

    a superintendent, bailiff, id. 1, 18:

    scripturae and in scripturā,

    a director of a company of farmers-general, Cic. Att. 5, 15, 3; id. Verr. 2, 2, 70, § 169; cf.: P. Terentius operas in portu et scripturā Asiae pro magistro dedit, i. e. has performed the functions of a magister, was vice-director, id. Att. 11, 10, 1:

    quaesivi, qui per eos annos magistri illius societatis fuissent,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 74, § 182:

    P. Rupilius, qui est magister in ea societate,

    id. Fam. 13, 9, 2:

    maximarum societatum auctor, plurimarum magister,

    id. Planc. 13, 32:

    pecoris,

    a chief herdsman, Varr. R. R. 2, 10; cf. Verg. G. 3, 445:

    elephanti,

    conductor, Sil. 4, 616:

    auctionis,

    the director, superintendent, conductor of an auction, Cic. Quint. 15, 50; cf.:

    is quem putabant magistrum fore, si bona venirent,

    id. Att. 1, 1, 3; 6, 1, 15; an officer charged with distributing money among the people, Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 3.—Law t. t., an agent or assignee to dispose of a debtor's goods:

    praetor jubet convenire creditores, et ex eo numero magistrum creari, id est eum per quem bona veneant,

    Gai. Inst. 3, 79: convivii, the master or president of a feast, Varr. L. L. 5, § 122 Müll.; App. Mag. p. 336, 11: navis, the master or captain of a ship, Dig. 14, 1, 1; Gai. Inst. 4, 71;

    so without navis,

    Juv. 12, 79:

    gubernatores et magistri navium,

    Liv. 29, 25, 7; 45, 42, 3; the steersman, pilot:

    ipse gubernaclo rector subit, ipse magister,

    Verg. A. 5, 176; 1, 115; 6, 353; Val. Fl. 1, 18; 1, 382; Luc. 2, 696; Sil. 4, 719:

    samnitium,

    i. e. of the gladiators, a fencing-master, Cic. de Or. 3, 23, 86:

    magistri tabernae,

    innkeepers, Paul. Sent. 2, 8, 3.—In inscrr. are found also: fani, horreorum, collegii, memoriae, munerum, Augustalis, admissionum, epistolarum, libellorum, etc.; likewise: a bibliothecā, ab marmoribus, etc.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    A teacher, instructor, Cic. Phil. 2, 4, 8:

    pueri apud magistros exercentur,

    id. de Or. 1, 57, 244:

    artium lberalium magistri,

    id. Inv. 1, 25, 35; cf.:

    virtutis magistri,

    id. Mur. 31, 65; id. N. D. 1, 26, 72:

    rarum ac memorabile magni Gutturis exemplum conducendusque magister,

    Juv. 2, 114.— Transf., of inanim. things:

    magister mihi exercitor animus nunc est,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 4; id. Curc. 2, 2, 8:

    stilus optimus dicendi effector ac magister,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 33, 150; Pers. prol. 10:

    timor, non diuturnus magister officii,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 36, 90.—
    2.
    An educator of children, a tutor, pedagogue:

    senes me filiis relinquunt quasi magistrum,

    Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 21:

    docendis publice juvenibus magister,

    Gell. 19, 9, 2. —
    3.
    A master, owner, keeper:

    trepidumque magistrum In cavea magno fremitu leo tollet alumnus,

    Juv. 14, 246.—
    4.
    A master of his art, professor:

    a tonsore magistro Pecteris,

    Juv. 6, 26.—
    II.
    Trop., an adviser, instigator, author of any thing (very rare):

    si quis magistrum cepit ad eam rem improbum,

    Ter. And. 1, 2, 21:

    magister ad despoliandum Dianae templum,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 21, § 54.—As adj.:

    rituque magistro Plurima Niliacis tradant mendacia biblis,

    Sedul. 1, 15.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > magister

  • 4 caput

        caput itis, n    [CAP-], the head: Capillus circum caput Reiectus, T.: caput obnubito, L.: capitis nives, H.: capite operto: aperire: velare, L.: abscindere cervicibus: capite demisso: attollere, O.: extollere, to become bold: breve (equi), H.: coronatum (bovis), Tb.: per caput pedesque ire, heels over head, Ct.: dux cum exercitu supra caput est, i. e. is ready to fall upon us, S.: capita conferre, to lay heads together, i. e. to confer in secret, L.: caput aut collum petere, strike at the vital parts: haec alias inter caput extulit urbes, towers, i. e. excels, V.: aliena negotia Per caput saliunt, run through the head, i. e. the mind, H.: capitis labor, mental exertion, H. — Meton., the head, top, summit, point, end, extremity: iocur sine capite (of a sacrifice), L.: in extis, O.: tignorum, Cs.: cornu duxit, donec curvata coirent capita, the ends, V. — The origin, source, spring, head (of a river), L.: caput unde erumpit Enipeus, V.: celsis caput urbibus exit, my source springs among great cities, V.—The mouth, embouchure (rare): multis capitibus in Oceanum influit, Cs.—Of plants: diducere terram ad capita, the roots, V.: papavera demisere caput, the heads, V.: capitum iugatio, branches (of the vine). — Of mountains, the summit: capita aspera montis, V. — Of persons, a head, person: ridiculum caput! T.: carum, V.: duo haec capita taeterrima: ignota, L.: di capiti ipsius reservent, for himself, V.: capiti cane talia Dardanio rebusque tuis, i. e. for Aeneas and yourself, V.: Perfidum, H.: de sacrando cum bonis capite alcuius, L.: ut caput Iovi sacraretur, L.—With numerals: capitum Helvetiorum milia CCLXIII, souls, Cs.: nullum caput Proserpina fugit, H.: in capita, to each person, L.; cf. sus Triginta capitum fetūs enixa, V.—Fig., life, physical life: Capitis periculum adire, to risk life, T.: caput obiectare periclis, V.: capitis poena, capital punishment, Cs.: certamen capitis et famae: ut capite dimices tuo, L.: caput offerre pro patriā: patrium tibi crede caput (i. e. patris vitam), O.: accusatus capitis absolvitur, of a capital crime, N.: Sthenium capite damnare.—Civil life, personality, civil rights, liberty and citizenship: capitis causae, involving citizenship: iudicium capitis: capitis deminutio, loss of civil rights, Cs.—Poet.: capitis minor, H.—Of persons, a leader, chief, guide: concitandorum Graecorum: capita nominis Latini, heads, chiefs, L.: ut se Suevorum caput credant, chief tribe, Ta.: capita coniurationis securi percussi, L.: illic est huic rei caput, author, contriver, T.: ab illo fonte et capite Socrate: corpori valido caput deerat, leader, L.: ipsum Expugnare caput, the great man himself, H. —A head, chief, capital: Thebae totius Graeciae, first city, N.: Roma, orbis terrarum, L.: castellum eius regionis, principal place, L.: Romam caput Latio esse, L.: ius nigrum, cenae caput, principal dish: fundus, vestrae pecuniae, chief source of income: caput esse artis, decere, the note, characteristic: ad consilium de re p. dandum caput est nosse rem p., first qualification: caput litterarum cum alquo, reason for corresponding: Epicuri, chief dogma: caput belli et summa, V.—In writings, a division, paragraph, chapter: legis: caput Annianum de hereditatibus, passage in the will of A.— Of money, the principal sum, capital, stock: quibus ille de capite dempsisset, reduced their debts: de capite deducite alqd, L.: Quinas hic capiti mercedes exsecet, extort sixty per centum, H.
    * * *
    head; person; life; leader; top; source/mouth (river); capital (punishment); heading; chapter, principal division

    Latin-English dictionary > caput

  • 5 prīnceps

        prīnceps cipis, adj.    [primus+CAP-], first in order, foremost: se principes ex omnibus bellum facturos pollicentur, Cs.: in fugā postremus, in periculo princeps: princeps Horatius ibat, in front, L.: principes pecuniae pollicendae fuerunt, took the lead in: princeps in haec verba iurat, Cs.: ut principes talem nuntium attulisse viderentur, might be the first, Cs.: matri Qui dederit princeps oscula, O.: Princeps ante omnīs agebat Agmen, first of all, V.: qualitatum aliae sunt principes, original: addere principi Limo particulam, H.— The first, chief, most eminent, most noble: longe omnium gravitate princeps Plato: terrarum populus, L.— Prov.: Principibus placuisse viris non ultima laus est, H.—As subst m., the first man, first person: senatūs, first on the roll, S.: principes sententiarum consulares, who were first asked for their opinion, L.— The first, chief, leader, foremost man: in re p. principes esse: iuventutis, one of the noblest of the Roman knights: trecenti principes iuventutis Romanae, i. e. patrician youths, L.: (pueri) aequalium principes, first among their fellows. —A chief, head, author, founder, originator, leader, contriver: Zeno eorum (Stoicorum): Argonautarum, i. e. Jason: principes inferendi belli, Cs.: sententiae in senatu: eius consili principes, Cs.: equitum, at the head of, Iu.: familiae suae, founder, L.— A prince, ruler, sovereign, emperor: hic ames dici pater atque princeps, H.: principis uxor, Iu.—In the army, plur., orig., the foremost line ; hence, the heavy-armed, second line of soldiers ; cf. totidem princeps habebat Corpora (poet. for principes), O.— A company of the principes: primi principis signum, of the first company of the heavyarmed, L.: octavum principem duxit, was centurion of the eighth maniple.—A centurion of the principes: princeps prior, first captain of the principes, Cs.: tertiae legionis, L.— The office of centurion of the principes, captaincy of the principes: mihi primus princeps prioris centuriae est adsignatus, i. e. centurion of the first century of the first maniple, L.
    * * *
    I
    (gen.), principis ADJ
    first, foremost, leading, chief, front; earliest, original; most necessary
    II
    leader/chief, first/leading member/citizen/man; master/expert; founder/proposer; Princeps (non-military title of Roman Emperor); senior Senator; leader of pack

    Latin-English dictionary > prīnceps

  • 6 magister

        magister trī, m    [1 MAC-], a master, chief, head, superior, director, president, leader, commander, conductor: populi (dictator), chief of the people: dictatoris magister equitum, master of the horse: equitum cum dictatore magistri, Iu.: (censor) morum, master of morals: sacrorum, chief priest, L.: scripturae, comptrollor of revenues from farmed lands: pro magistro esse, deputy comptrollor: in eā societate, manager: pecus magistri Perfundunt, herdsmen, V.: cui magistri fiunt et domini constituuntur, trustees and guardians.—A captain, master, pilot: navium onerarium magistri, captains, Cs.: navis, H.: magistri navium, L.: spoliata magistro (navis), pilot, V.— A teacher, instructor, master: tuus: pueri apud magistros exercentur: te uti in hac re magistro: peragere dictata magistri, i. e. rules for carving, Iu.: stilus optimus dicendi magister: si usus magister est optimus.— A tutor, guardian, pedagogue: senes me filiis Relinquont quasi magistrum, T.: saevus, H.: Fingit equum docilem magister, trainer, H.—Fig., an adviser, instigator, author: ad eam rem inprobus, T.: ad despoliandum Dianae templum.
    * * *
    teacher, tutor, master, expert, chief; pilot of a ship; rabbi

    Latin-English dictionary > magister

  • 7 praetor

        praetor ōris, m    [for * praeitor; prae+1 I-], a leader, head, chief, president, chief magistrate, chief executive, commander: se praetores appellari volebant (the chief magistrates of Capua): maximus, L.: creant praetores, qui exercitui praeessent, generals, N.—In Rome, a praetor, magistrate charged with the administration of justice (first appointed B.C. 367, from the patricians; plebeians became eligible after B.C. 338; after B.C. 264 two were chosen each year, one with jurisdiction over citizens, the other over strangers): urbanus: urbis: cum praetores designati sortirentur, had their jurisdiction assigned by lot: praetor primus centuriis cunctis renunciatus, i. e. appointed first.—A propraetor, ex-praetor as governor of a province: dicto audientem fuisse se praetori.— A proconsul.
    * * *
    praetor (official elected by the Romans who served as a judge); abb. pr.

    Latin-English dictionary > praetor

  • 8 prīncipātus

        prīncipātus ūs, m    [princeps], a beginning, origin: an mundus ab aliquo temporis principatu ortus est?— The first place, pre-eminence, chief part, supremacy, leadership: (animi) principatum in capite posuit: sententiae principatum tenere: eloquentiae.— The chief command, post of commander-in-chief: Cassio principatum dari: Cingetorigi principatus atque imperium est traditum, Cs.: de principatu contendere, N.— Reign, empire, dominion, sovereignty: miscuit principatum ac libertatem, Ta.
    * * *
    first place; rule; leadership; supremacy; chief command

    Latin-English dictionary > prīncipātus

  • 9 summa

        summa ae, f    [summus; sc. res], the top, summit ; hence, fig., the chief place, highest rank, leadership, supremacy: vobis summam ordinis concedere: summam imperi tenere, the supreme power, Cs.: ad te summa solum rerum redit, T.: totius belli, the command in chief, Cs.— The main thing, chief point, principal matter, sum, essence, substance: leges non perfectae... sed ipsae summae rerum atque sententiae, the main points: lectis rerum summis, L.: haec summa est; hic nostri nuntius esto, V.: summa est, si curaris, ut, etc.: universi belli, the main issue of the war, L.: ad summam rerum consulere, for the general welfare, Cs.: ad discrimen summā rerum adductā, to a general engagement, L.: remittendo de summā quisque iuris, extreme right, L.: summa ducum Atrides, the flower of leaders, O.— An amount, sum, aggregate, whole, quantity: de summā mali detrahere: summa cogitationum mearum omnium: summa exercitūs salva, the main body of the army, Cs.—In reckoning, the amount, sum, total, aggregate: addendo deducendoque videre, quae reliqui summa fiat: subducamus summam.—Of money, a sum, amount: pecuniae summam quantam imperaverit, parum convenit, L.: pecuniae summa homines movit, L.—With ellips. of pecuniae: De summā nihil decedet, T.: hac summā redempti, L.—In the phrase, ad summam, on the whole, generally, in short, in a word: ille adfirmabat... ad summam; non posse istaec sic abire: Ad summam; sapiens, etc., to sum up, H.—In the phrase, in summā, in all, in fine: absolutus, in summā, quattuor sententiis: in omni summā.
    * * *
    sum; summary; chief point, essence, principal matter, substance; total

    Latin-English dictionary > summa

  • 10 capud

    căpŭt ( kăp-căpud), ĭtis ( abl. sing. regularly capite:

    capiti,

    Cat. 68, 124; cf. Tib. 1, 1, 72 Huschk., where the MSS., as well as Caes. German. Arat. 213, vary between the two forms), n. [kindr. with Sanscr. kap-āla; Gr. keph-alê; Goth. haubith; Germ. Haupt].
    I.
    The head, of men and animals:

    oscitat in campis caput a cervice revolsum,

    Enn. Ann. 462 Vahl.: i lictor, conliga manus, caput obnubito, form. ap. Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 13; cf. Liv. 1, 26, 6:

    tun' capite cano amas, homo nequissume?

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 34; so,

    cano capite,

    id. As. 5, 2, 84; id. Cas. 3, 1, 4; Tib. 1, 1, 72; Pers. 1, 83 al.; cf. Tib. 1, 10, 43, and:

    capitis nives,

    Hor. C. 4, 13, 12, and Quint. 8, 6, 17 Spald.:

    raso capite calvus,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 306:

    irraso,

    id. Rud. 5, 2, 16:

    intonsum,

    Quint. 12, 10, 47:

    amputare alicui,

    Suet. Galb. 20; Vulg. 1 Par. 10, 9:

    capite operto,

    Cic. Sen. 10, 34, 34:

    obvoluto,

    id. Phil. 2, 31, 77 Klotz:

    caput aperire,

    id. ib.:

    abscindere cervicibus,

    id. ib. 11, 2, 5:

    demittere,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 32; Cat. 87, 8; Verg. A. 9, 437: attollere. Ov. M. 5, 503:

    extollere,

    to become bold, Cic. Planc. 13, 33: efferre, to raise one ' s head, to be eminent, Verg. E. 1, 25 al.—Of animals, Tib. 2, 1, 8; Hor. S. 1, 2, 89; 2, 3, 200; id. Ep. 1, 1, 76 al.—
    b.
    Prov.: supra caput esse, to be over one ' s head, i. e. to be at one ' s very doors, to threaten in consequence of nearness ( = imminere, impendere), Sall. C. 52, 24; Liv. 3, 17, 2; Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 6; Tac. H. 4, 69; cf. Kritz ad Sall. l. l.: capita conferre (like our phrase to put heads together, i. e to confer together in secret), Liv. 2, 45, 7:

    ire praecipitem in lutum, per caputque pedesque,

    over head and ears, Cat. 17, 9:

    nec caput nec pedes,

    neither beginning nor end, good for nothing, Cic. Fam. 7, 31, 2; cf. Cato ap. Liv. Epit. lib. 50; Plaut. As. 3, 3, 139 sq.—
    c.
    Capita aut navia (al. navim), heads or tails, a play of the Roman youth in which a piece of money is thrown up, to see whether the figure-side (the head of Janus) or the reverse - side (a ship) will fall uppermost, Macr. S. 1, 7; Aur. Vict. Orig. 3; cf. Ov. F. 1, 239; Paul. Nol. Poëm. 38, 73.—
    d.
    Poet., the head, as the seat of the understanding:

    aliena negotia Per caput saliunt,

    run through the head, Hor. S. 2, 6, 34; so id. ib. 2, 3, 132; id. A. P. 300.—
    e.
    Ad Capita bubula, a place in Rome in the tenth region, where Augustus was born, Suet. Aug. 5.—
    2.
    Transf., of inanimate things.
    a.
    In gen., the head, top, summit, point, end, extremity (beginning or end):

    ulpici,

    Cato, R. R. 71:

    allii,

    Col. 6, 34, 1:

    porri,

    id. 11, 3, 17:

    papaveris,

    Liv. 1, 54, 6; Verg. A. 9, 437:

    bulborum,

    Plin. 19, 5, 30, § 94:

    caulis,

    id. 19, 8, 41, § 140 al.:

    jecoris (or jecinoris, jocinoris),

    Cic. Div. 2, 13, 32; Liv. 8, 9, 1; cf. id. 27, 26, 14; 41, 14, 7; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 244 Müll.:

    extorum,

    Ov. M. 15, 795; Luc. 1, 627; Plin. 11, 37, 73, § 189: pontis, tēte de pont, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 4; cf. Front. Arat. 2, 13, 5:

    tignorum,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 9:

    columnae,

    Plin. 34, 3, 7, § 13:

    molis,

    the highest point of the mole, Curt. 4, 2, 23:

    xysti,

    Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 20:

    porticus,

    id. ib. 5, 6, 19 al.—
    b.
    Esp., of rivers,
    (α).
    The origin, source, spring ( head):

    caput aquae illud est, unde aqua nascitur,

    Dig. 43, 20, 1, § 8; so Lucr. 5, 270; 6, 636; 6, 729; Tib. 1, 7, 24; Hor. C. 1, 1, 22; id. S. 1, 10, 37; Verg. G. 4, 319; 4, 368; Ov. M. 2, 255; Hirt. B. G. 8, 41; Liv. 1, 51, 9; 2, 38, 1; 37, 18, 6:

    fontium,

    Vitr. 8, 1; Mel. 3, 2, 8; Plin. Ep. 8, 8, 5; 10, 91, 1 al.—
    (β).
    (more rare) The mouth, embouchure, Caes. B. G. 4, 10; Liv. 33, 41, 7; Luc. 2, 52; 3, 202.—
    c.
    Also of plants, sometimes the root, Cato, R. R. 36; 43; 51:

    vitis,

    id. ib. 33, 1; 95, 2; Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 195; Verg. G. 2, 355.—
    d.
    Also, in reference to the vine, vine branches, Col. 3, 10, 1; Cic. Sen. 15, 53.— Poet., also the summit, top of trees, Enn. ap. Gell. 13, 20, and ap. Non. 195, 24; Ov. M. 1, 567; Poët. ap. Quint. 9, 4, 90; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 370. —
    e.
    Of mountains, rocks, Verg. A. 4, 249; 6, 360.—
    f.
    Of a boil that swells out, Cels. 8, 9;

    hence, facere,

    to come to a head, Plin. 22, 25, 76, § 159; 26, 12, 77, § 125; cf.: capita deorum appellabantur fasciculi facti ex verbenis, Paul. ex Fest. p. 64 Müll.—
    II.
    Per meton. (pars pro toto), a man, person, or animal (very freq. in prose and poetry; cf. kara, kephalê,, in the same signif.;

    v. Liddell and Scott and Robinson): pro capite tuo quantum dedit,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 54; id. Pers. 1, 1, 37:

    hoc conruptum'st caput,

    id. Ep. 1, 1, 85:

    siquidem hoc vivet caput, i. e. ego,

    id. Ps. 2, 4, 33; so id. Stich. 5, 5, 10; cf. id. Capt. 5, 1, 25:

    ridiculum caput!

    Ter. And. 2, 2, 34:

    festivum,

    id. Ad. 2, 3, 8:

    lepidum,

    id. ib. 5, 9, 9:

    carum,

    Verg. A. 4, 354; Hor. C. 1, 24, 2:

    liberum,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 32, § 79:

    vilia,

    Liv. 25, 6, 9:

    viliora,

    id. 9, 26, 22:

    vilissima,

    id. 24, 5, 13:

    ignota,

    id. 3, 7, 7; cf. id. 2, 5, 6:

    liberorum servorumque,

    id. 29, 29, 3 al. —In imprecations:

    istic capiti dicito,

    Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 47; cf.:

    vae capiti tuo,

    id. Most. 4, 3, 10; so id. Poen. 3, 3, 32; Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 6; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1, 4; Tib. 1, 2, 12; Verg. A. 8, 484; 11, 399 al.—With numerals:

    capitum Helvetiorum milia CCLXIII.,

    souls, Caes. B. G. 1, 29; 4, 15:

    quot capitum vivunt, totidem studiorum Milia,

    Hor. S. 2, 1, 27; id. Ep. 2, 2, 189; cf. id. C. 1, 28, 20 al.; so, in capita, in distribution, to or for each person (cf. in Heb. also, for each head, poll, = for each individual, v. Robinson in h. v.), Liv. 2, 33, 11; 32, 17, 2; 34, 50, 6 al. (cf.:

    in singulos,

    id. 42, 4, 5).—Of. the poll-tax:

    exactio capitum,

    Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 5; so,

    capite censi, v. censeo.—Of animals,

    Verg. A. 3, 391; Col. 6, 5, 4 fin.; 8, 5, 4; 8, 5, 7; 8, 11, 13; Veg. Vet. 1, 18.—
    III.
    Trop.
    1.
    Life, and specif.,
    a.
    Physical life:

    carum,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 33 sq.; 5, 1, 26:

    si capitis res siet,

    if it is a matter of life and death, id. Trin. 4, 2, 120: capitis periculum adire, to risk one ' s life, Ter. And. 4, 1, 53; id. Hec. 3, 1, 54; cf. id. Phorm. 3, 2, 6 Runnk.:

    capitis poena,

    capital punishment, Caes. B. G. 7, 71:

    pactum pro capite pretium,

    Cic. Off. 3, 29, 107:

    cum altero certamen honoris et dignitatis est, cum altero capitis et famae,

    id. ib. 1, 12, 38:

    cum dimicatione capitis,

    id. Prov. Cons. 9, 23; cf.:

    suo capite decernere,

    id. Att. 10, 9, 2; so Liv. 2, 12, 10; Cic. Fin. 5, 22, 64; Liv. 9, 5, 5:

    caput offerre pro patriā,

    Cic. Sull. 30, 84:

    patrium tibi crede caput, i. e. patris vitam et salutem,

    Ov. M. 8, 94; so,

    capitis accusare,

    to accuse of a capital crime, Nep. Paus. 2 fin.:

    absolvere,

    id. Milt. 7, 6:

    damnare,

    id. Alcib. 4, 5; id. Eum. 5, 1:

    tergo ac capite puniri,

    Liv. 3, 55, 14:

    caput Jovi sacrum,

    id. 3, 55, 7:

    sacratum,

    id. 10, 38, 3 al.; cf. Ov. M. 9, 296.—
    b.
    Civil or political life, acc. to the Roman idea, including the rights of liberty, citizenship, [p. 290] and family (libertatis, civitatis, familiae): its loss or deprivation was called deminutio or minutio capitis, acc. to the foll. jurid. distinction: capitis deminutionis tria genera sunt: maxima, media, minima; tria enim sunt, quae habemus: libertatem, civitatem, familiam. Igitur cum omnia haec amittimus (as by servitude or condemnation to death), maximam esse capitis deminutionem; cum vero amittimus civitatem (as in the interdictio aquae et ignis) libertatem retinemus, mediam esse capitis deminutionem;

    cum et libertas et civitas retinetur, familia tantum mutatur (as by adoption, or, in the case of women, by marriage) minimam esse capitis deminutionem constat,

    Dig. 4, 5, 11; cf. Just. Inst. 1, 16, 4; Cic. de Or. 1, 40, 181; 1, 54, 231; id. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; Liv. 3, 55, 14; 22, 60, 15:

    capitis minor,

    Hor. C. 3, 5, 42:

    servus manumissus capite non minuitur, quia nulnum caput habuit,

    Dig. 4, 5, 3, § 1.—Of the deminutio media, Cic. Brut. 36, 136; id. Verr. 2, 2, 40, §§ 98 and 99; id. Quint. 2, 8 al.—Of the deminutio minima, Cic. Top. 4, 18; cf. Gai Inst. 1, 162.—
    2. (α).
    With gen.:

    scelerum,

    an arrant knave, Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 19; id. Bacch. 4, 7, 31; id. Mil. 2, 6, 14; id. Ps. 1, 5, 31; 4, 5, 3; id. Rud. 4, 4, 54:

    perjuri,

    id. ib. 4, 4, 55:

    concitandorum Graecorum,

    Cic. Fl. 18, 42:

    consilil,

    Liv. 8, 31, 7:

    conjurationis,

    id. 9, 26, 7:

    caput rei Romanae Camillus,

    id. 6, 3, 1; cf.:

    caput rerum Masinissam fuisse,

    id. 28, 35, 12; so id. 26, 40, 13:

    reipublicae,

    Tac. A. 1, 13:

    nominis Latini,

    heads, chiefs, Liv. 1, 52, 4:

    belli,

    id. 45, 7, 3:

    Suevorum,

    chieftribe, Tac. G. 39 fin. al.—The predicate in gen. masc.:

    capita conjurationis ejus virgis caesi ac securi percussi,

    Liv. 10, 1, 3.—
    (β).
    With esse and dat.:

    ego caput fui argento reperiundo,

    Plaut. As. 3, 3, 138; cf.:

    illic est huic rei caput,

    author, contriver, Ter. And. 2, 6, 27; so id. Ad. 4, 2, 29 al.—
    (γ).
    Absol.:

    urgerent philosophorum greges, jam ab illo fonte et capite Socrate,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 10, 42:

    corpori valido caput deerat,

    guide, leader, Liv. 5, 46, 5:

    esse aliquod caput (i. e. regem) placebat,

    id. 1, 17, 4; cf. id. 1, 23, 4; Hor. S. 2, 5, 74 al.—Of things, head, chief, capital, etc.;

    thus of cities: Thebas caput fuisse totius Graeciae,

    head, first city, Nep. Epam. 10 fin.; so with gen., Liv. 9, 37, 12; 10, 37, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.; 23, 11, 11; 37, 18, 3 (with arx); cf.:

    pro capite atque arce Italiae, urbe Romanā,

    Liv. 22, 32, 5; and with dat.:

    Romam caput Latio esse,

    id. 8, 4, 5; and:

    brevi caput Italiae omni Capuam fore,

    id. 23, 10, 2 Drak. N. cr. —Of other localities:

    castellum quod caput ejus regionis erat,

    the head, principal place, Liv. 21, 33, 11.—Of other things:

    jus nigrum, quod cenae caput erat,

    the principal dish, Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 98; cf. id. Fin. 2, 8, 25:

    patrimonii publici,

    id. Agr. 1, 7, 21; cf. id. ib. 2, 29, 80; Liv. 6, 14, 10: caput esse artis, decere, the main or principal point, Cic. de Or. 1, 29, 132:

    caput esse ad beate vivendum securitatem,

    id. Lael. 13, 45: ad consilium de re publicā dandum caput est nosse rem publicam;

    ad dicendum vero probabiliter, nosse mores civitatis,

    id. de Or. 2, 82, 337; 1, 19, 87:

    litterarum,

    summary, purport, substance, id. Phil. 2, 31, 77:

    caput Epicuri,

    the fundamental principle, dogma, id. Ac. 2, 32, 101; cf. Quint. 3, 11, 27: rerum, the chief or central point, head, Cic. Brut. 44, 164.—So in writings, a division, section, paragraph, chapter, etc.:

    a primo capite legis usque ad extremum,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 15; cf. id. ib. 2, 10, 26; id. Verr. 2, 1, 46, § 118 Ascon.; id. Fam. 3, 8, 4; Gell. 2, 15, 4 al.; Cic. de Or. 2, 55, 223; id. Fam. 7, 22 med.; Quint. 10, 7, 32:

    id quod caput est,

    Cic. Att. 1, 17, 4; so id. Fam. 3, 7, 4.—Of money, the principal sum, the capital, stock (syn. sors;

    opp. usurae),

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 11; 2, 3, 35, § 80 sq.; id. Att. 15, 26, 4; Liv. 6, 15, 10; 6, 35, 4; Hor. S. 1, 2, 14 al.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > capud

  • 11 caput

    căpŭt ( kăp-căpud), ĭtis ( abl. sing. regularly capite:

    capiti,

    Cat. 68, 124; cf. Tib. 1, 1, 72 Huschk., where the MSS., as well as Caes. German. Arat. 213, vary between the two forms), n. [kindr. with Sanscr. kap-āla; Gr. keph-alê; Goth. haubith; Germ. Haupt].
    I.
    The head, of men and animals:

    oscitat in campis caput a cervice revolsum,

    Enn. Ann. 462 Vahl.: i lictor, conliga manus, caput obnubito, form. ap. Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 13; cf. Liv. 1, 26, 6:

    tun' capite cano amas, homo nequissume?

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 34; so,

    cano capite,

    id. As. 5, 2, 84; id. Cas. 3, 1, 4; Tib. 1, 1, 72; Pers. 1, 83 al.; cf. Tib. 1, 10, 43, and:

    capitis nives,

    Hor. C. 4, 13, 12, and Quint. 8, 6, 17 Spald.:

    raso capite calvus,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 306:

    irraso,

    id. Rud. 5, 2, 16:

    intonsum,

    Quint. 12, 10, 47:

    amputare alicui,

    Suet. Galb. 20; Vulg. 1 Par. 10, 9:

    capite operto,

    Cic. Sen. 10, 34, 34:

    obvoluto,

    id. Phil. 2, 31, 77 Klotz:

    caput aperire,

    id. ib.:

    abscindere cervicibus,

    id. ib. 11, 2, 5:

    demittere,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 32; Cat. 87, 8; Verg. A. 9, 437: attollere. Ov. M. 5, 503:

    extollere,

    to become bold, Cic. Planc. 13, 33: efferre, to raise one ' s head, to be eminent, Verg. E. 1, 25 al.—Of animals, Tib. 2, 1, 8; Hor. S. 1, 2, 89; 2, 3, 200; id. Ep. 1, 1, 76 al.—
    b.
    Prov.: supra caput esse, to be over one ' s head, i. e. to be at one ' s very doors, to threaten in consequence of nearness ( = imminere, impendere), Sall. C. 52, 24; Liv. 3, 17, 2; Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 6; Tac. H. 4, 69; cf. Kritz ad Sall. l. l.: capita conferre (like our phrase to put heads together, i. e to confer together in secret), Liv. 2, 45, 7:

    ire praecipitem in lutum, per caputque pedesque,

    over head and ears, Cat. 17, 9:

    nec caput nec pedes,

    neither beginning nor end, good for nothing, Cic. Fam. 7, 31, 2; cf. Cato ap. Liv. Epit. lib. 50; Plaut. As. 3, 3, 139 sq.—
    c.
    Capita aut navia (al. navim), heads or tails, a play of the Roman youth in which a piece of money is thrown up, to see whether the figure-side (the head of Janus) or the reverse - side (a ship) will fall uppermost, Macr. S. 1, 7; Aur. Vict. Orig. 3; cf. Ov. F. 1, 239; Paul. Nol. Poëm. 38, 73.—
    d.
    Poet., the head, as the seat of the understanding:

    aliena negotia Per caput saliunt,

    run through the head, Hor. S. 2, 6, 34; so id. ib. 2, 3, 132; id. A. P. 300.—
    e.
    Ad Capita bubula, a place in Rome in the tenth region, where Augustus was born, Suet. Aug. 5.—
    2.
    Transf., of inanimate things.
    a.
    In gen., the head, top, summit, point, end, extremity (beginning or end):

    ulpici,

    Cato, R. R. 71:

    allii,

    Col. 6, 34, 1:

    porri,

    id. 11, 3, 17:

    papaveris,

    Liv. 1, 54, 6; Verg. A. 9, 437:

    bulborum,

    Plin. 19, 5, 30, § 94:

    caulis,

    id. 19, 8, 41, § 140 al.:

    jecoris (or jecinoris, jocinoris),

    Cic. Div. 2, 13, 32; Liv. 8, 9, 1; cf. id. 27, 26, 14; 41, 14, 7; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 244 Müll.:

    extorum,

    Ov. M. 15, 795; Luc. 1, 627; Plin. 11, 37, 73, § 189: pontis, tēte de pont, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 4; cf. Front. Arat. 2, 13, 5:

    tignorum,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 9:

    columnae,

    Plin. 34, 3, 7, § 13:

    molis,

    the highest point of the mole, Curt. 4, 2, 23:

    xysti,

    Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 20:

    porticus,

    id. ib. 5, 6, 19 al.—
    b.
    Esp., of rivers,
    (α).
    The origin, source, spring ( head):

    caput aquae illud est, unde aqua nascitur,

    Dig. 43, 20, 1, § 8; so Lucr. 5, 270; 6, 636; 6, 729; Tib. 1, 7, 24; Hor. C. 1, 1, 22; id. S. 1, 10, 37; Verg. G. 4, 319; 4, 368; Ov. M. 2, 255; Hirt. B. G. 8, 41; Liv. 1, 51, 9; 2, 38, 1; 37, 18, 6:

    fontium,

    Vitr. 8, 1; Mel. 3, 2, 8; Plin. Ep. 8, 8, 5; 10, 91, 1 al.—
    (β).
    (more rare) The mouth, embouchure, Caes. B. G. 4, 10; Liv. 33, 41, 7; Luc. 2, 52; 3, 202.—
    c.
    Also of plants, sometimes the root, Cato, R. R. 36; 43; 51:

    vitis,

    id. ib. 33, 1; 95, 2; Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 195; Verg. G. 2, 355.—
    d.
    Also, in reference to the vine, vine branches, Col. 3, 10, 1; Cic. Sen. 15, 53.— Poet., also the summit, top of trees, Enn. ap. Gell. 13, 20, and ap. Non. 195, 24; Ov. M. 1, 567; Poët. ap. Quint. 9, 4, 90; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 370. —
    e.
    Of mountains, rocks, Verg. A. 4, 249; 6, 360.—
    f.
    Of a boil that swells out, Cels. 8, 9;

    hence, facere,

    to come to a head, Plin. 22, 25, 76, § 159; 26, 12, 77, § 125; cf.: capita deorum appellabantur fasciculi facti ex verbenis, Paul. ex Fest. p. 64 Müll.—
    II.
    Per meton. (pars pro toto), a man, person, or animal (very freq. in prose and poetry; cf. kara, kephalê,, in the same signif.;

    v. Liddell and Scott and Robinson): pro capite tuo quantum dedit,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 54; id. Pers. 1, 1, 37:

    hoc conruptum'st caput,

    id. Ep. 1, 1, 85:

    siquidem hoc vivet caput, i. e. ego,

    id. Ps. 2, 4, 33; so id. Stich. 5, 5, 10; cf. id. Capt. 5, 1, 25:

    ridiculum caput!

    Ter. And. 2, 2, 34:

    festivum,

    id. Ad. 2, 3, 8:

    lepidum,

    id. ib. 5, 9, 9:

    carum,

    Verg. A. 4, 354; Hor. C. 1, 24, 2:

    liberum,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 32, § 79:

    vilia,

    Liv. 25, 6, 9:

    viliora,

    id. 9, 26, 22:

    vilissima,

    id. 24, 5, 13:

    ignota,

    id. 3, 7, 7; cf. id. 2, 5, 6:

    liberorum servorumque,

    id. 29, 29, 3 al. —In imprecations:

    istic capiti dicito,

    Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 47; cf.:

    vae capiti tuo,

    id. Most. 4, 3, 10; so id. Poen. 3, 3, 32; Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 6; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1, 4; Tib. 1, 2, 12; Verg. A. 8, 484; 11, 399 al.—With numerals:

    capitum Helvetiorum milia CCLXIII.,

    souls, Caes. B. G. 1, 29; 4, 15:

    quot capitum vivunt, totidem studiorum Milia,

    Hor. S. 2, 1, 27; id. Ep. 2, 2, 189; cf. id. C. 1, 28, 20 al.; so, in capita, in distribution, to or for each person (cf. in Heb. also, for each head, poll, = for each individual, v. Robinson in h. v.), Liv. 2, 33, 11; 32, 17, 2; 34, 50, 6 al. (cf.:

    in singulos,

    id. 42, 4, 5).—Of. the poll-tax:

    exactio capitum,

    Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 5; so,

    capite censi, v. censeo.—Of animals,

    Verg. A. 3, 391; Col. 6, 5, 4 fin.; 8, 5, 4; 8, 5, 7; 8, 11, 13; Veg. Vet. 1, 18.—
    III.
    Trop.
    1.
    Life, and specif.,
    a.
    Physical life:

    carum,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 33 sq.; 5, 1, 26:

    si capitis res siet,

    if it is a matter of life and death, id. Trin. 4, 2, 120: capitis periculum adire, to risk one ' s life, Ter. And. 4, 1, 53; id. Hec. 3, 1, 54; cf. id. Phorm. 3, 2, 6 Runnk.:

    capitis poena,

    capital punishment, Caes. B. G. 7, 71:

    pactum pro capite pretium,

    Cic. Off. 3, 29, 107:

    cum altero certamen honoris et dignitatis est, cum altero capitis et famae,

    id. ib. 1, 12, 38:

    cum dimicatione capitis,

    id. Prov. Cons. 9, 23; cf.:

    suo capite decernere,

    id. Att. 10, 9, 2; so Liv. 2, 12, 10; Cic. Fin. 5, 22, 64; Liv. 9, 5, 5:

    caput offerre pro patriā,

    Cic. Sull. 30, 84:

    patrium tibi crede caput, i. e. patris vitam et salutem,

    Ov. M. 8, 94; so,

    capitis accusare,

    to accuse of a capital crime, Nep. Paus. 2 fin.:

    absolvere,

    id. Milt. 7, 6:

    damnare,

    id. Alcib. 4, 5; id. Eum. 5, 1:

    tergo ac capite puniri,

    Liv. 3, 55, 14:

    caput Jovi sacrum,

    id. 3, 55, 7:

    sacratum,

    id. 10, 38, 3 al.; cf. Ov. M. 9, 296.—
    b.
    Civil or political life, acc. to the Roman idea, including the rights of liberty, citizenship, [p. 290] and family (libertatis, civitatis, familiae): its loss or deprivation was called deminutio or minutio capitis, acc. to the foll. jurid. distinction: capitis deminutionis tria genera sunt: maxima, media, minima; tria enim sunt, quae habemus: libertatem, civitatem, familiam. Igitur cum omnia haec amittimus (as by servitude or condemnation to death), maximam esse capitis deminutionem; cum vero amittimus civitatem (as in the interdictio aquae et ignis) libertatem retinemus, mediam esse capitis deminutionem;

    cum et libertas et civitas retinetur, familia tantum mutatur (as by adoption, or, in the case of women, by marriage) minimam esse capitis deminutionem constat,

    Dig. 4, 5, 11; cf. Just. Inst. 1, 16, 4; Cic. de Or. 1, 40, 181; 1, 54, 231; id. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; Liv. 3, 55, 14; 22, 60, 15:

    capitis minor,

    Hor. C. 3, 5, 42:

    servus manumissus capite non minuitur, quia nulnum caput habuit,

    Dig. 4, 5, 3, § 1.—Of the deminutio media, Cic. Brut. 36, 136; id. Verr. 2, 2, 40, §§ 98 and 99; id. Quint. 2, 8 al.—Of the deminutio minima, Cic. Top. 4, 18; cf. Gai Inst. 1, 162.—
    2. (α).
    With gen.:

    scelerum,

    an arrant knave, Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 19; id. Bacch. 4, 7, 31; id. Mil. 2, 6, 14; id. Ps. 1, 5, 31; 4, 5, 3; id. Rud. 4, 4, 54:

    perjuri,

    id. ib. 4, 4, 55:

    concitandorum Graecorum,

    Cic. Fl. 18, 42:

    consilil,

    Liv. 8, 31, 7:

    conjurationis,

    id. 9, 26, 7:

    caput rei Romanae Camillus,

    id. 6, 3, 1; cf.:

    caput rerum Masinissam fuisse,

    id. 28, 35, 12; so id. 26, 40, 13:

    reipublicae,

    Tac. A. 1, 13:

    nominis Latini,

    heads, chiefs, Liv. 1, 52, 4:

    belli,

    id. 45, 7, 3:

    Suevorum,

    chieftribe, Tac. G. 39 fin. al.—The predicate in gen. masc.:

    capita conjurationis ejus virgis caesi ac securi percussi,

    Liv. 10, 1, 3.—
    (β).
    With esse and dat.:

    ego caput fui argento reperiundo,

    Plaut. As. 3, 3, 138; cf.:

    illic est huic rei caput,

    author, contriver, Ter. And. 2, 6, 27; so id. Ad. 4, 2, 29 al.—
    (γ).
    Absol.:

    urgerent philosophorum greges, jam ab illo fonte et capite Socrate,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 10, 42:

    corpori valido caput deerat,

    guide, leader, Liv. 5, 46, 5:

    esse aliquod caput (i. e. regem) placebat,

    id. 1, 17, 4; cf. id. 1, 23, 4; Hor. S. 2, 5, 74 al.—Of things, head, chief, capital, etc.;

    thus of cities: Thebas caput fuisse totius Graeciae,

    head, first city, Nep. Epam. 10 fin.; so with gen., Liv. 9, 37, 12; 10, 37, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.; 23, 11, 11; 37, 18, 3 (with arx); cf.:

    pro capite atque arce Italiae, urbe Romanā,

    Liv. 22, 32, 5; and with dat.:

    Romam caput Latio esse,

    id. 8, 4, 5; and:

    brevi caput Italiae omni Capuam fore,

    id. 23, 10, 2 Drak. N. cr. —Of other localities:

    castellum quod caput ejus regionis erat,

    the head, principal place, Liv. 21, 33, 11.—Of other things:

    jus nigrum, quod cenae caput erat,

    the principal dish, Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 98; cf. id. Fin. 2, 8, 25:

    patrimonii publici,

    id. Agr. 1, 7, 21; cf. id. ib. 2, 29, 80; Liv. 6, 14, 10: caput esse artis, decere, the main or principal point, Cic. de Or. 1, 29, 132:

    caput esse ad beate vivendum securitatem,

    id. Lael. 13, 45: ad consilium de re publicā dandum caput est nosse rem publicam;

    ad dicendum vero probabiliter, nosse mores civitatis,

    id. de Or. 2, 82, 337; 1, 19, 87:

    litterarum,

    summary, purport, substance, id. Phil. 2, 31, 77:

    caput Epicuri,

    the fundamental principle, dogma, id. Ac. 2, 32, 101; cf. Quint. 3, 11, 27: rerum, the chief or central point, head, Cic. Brut. 44, 164.—So in writings, a division, section, paragraph, chapter, etc.:

    a primo capite legis usque ad extremum,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 15; cf. id. ib. 2, 10, 26; id. Verr. 2, 1, 46, § 118 Ascon.; id. Fam. 3, 8, 4; Gell. 2, 15, 4 al.; Cic. de Or. 2, 55, 223; id. Fam. 7, 22 med.; Quint. 10, 7, 32:

    id quod caput est,

    Cic. Att. 1, 17, 4; so id. Fam. 3, 7, 4.—Of money, the principal sum, the capital, stock (syn. sors;

    opp. usurae),

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 11; 2, 3, 35, § 80 sq.; id. Att. 15, 26, 4; Liv. 6, 15, 10; 6, 35, 4; Hor. S. 1, 2, 14 al.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > caput

  • 12 kaput

    căpŭt ( kăp-căpud), ĭtis ( abl. sing. regularly capite:

    capiti,

    Cat. 68, 124; cf. Tib. 1, 1, 72 Huschk., where the MSS., as well as Caes. German. Arat. 213, vary between the two forms), n. [kindr. with Sanscr. kap-āla; Gr. keph-alê; Goth. haubith; Germ. Haupt].
    I.
    The head, of men and animals:

    oscitat in campis caput a cervice revolsum,

    Enn. Ann. 462 Vahl.: i lictor, conliga manus, caput obnubito, form. ap. Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 13; cf. Liv. 1, 26, 6:

    tun' capite cano amas, homo nequissume?

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 34; so,

    cano capite,

    id. As. 5, 2, 84; id. Cas. 3, 1, 4; Tib. 1, 1, 72; Pers. 1, 83 al.; cf. Tib. 1, 10, 43, and:

    capitis nives,

    Hor. C. 4, 13, 12, and Quint. 8, 6, 17 Spald.:

    raso capite calvus,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 306:

    irraso,

    id. Rud. 5, 2, 16:

    intonsum,

    Quint. 12, 10, 47:

    amputare alicui,

    Suet. Galb. 20; Vulg. 1 Par. 10, 9:

    capite operto,

    Cic. Sen. 10, 34, 34:

    obvoluto,

    id. Phil. 2, 31, 77 Klotz:

    caput aperire,

    id. ib.:

    abscindere cervicibus,

    id. ib. 11, 2, 5:

    demittere,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 32; Cat. 87, 8; Verg. A. 9, 437: attollere. Ov. M. 5, 503:

    extollere,

    to become bold, Cic. Planc. 13, 33: efferre, to raise one ' s head, to be eminent, Verg. E. 1, 25 al.—Of animals, Tib. 2, 1, 8; Hor. S. 1, 2, 89; 2, 3, 200; id. Ep. 1, 1, 76 al.—
    b.
    Prov.: supra caput esse, to be over one ' s head, i. e. to be at one ' s very doors, to threaten in consequence of nearness ( = imminere, impendere), Sall. C. 52, 24; Liv. 3, 17, 2; Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 6; Tac. H. 4, 69; cf. Kritz ad Sall. l. l.: capita conferre (like our phrase to put heads together, i. e to confer together in secret), Liv. 2, 45, 7:

    ire praecipitem in lutum, per caputque pedesque,

    over head and ears, Cat. 17, 9:

    nec caput nec pedes,

    neither beginning nor end, good for nothing, Cic. Fam. 7, 31, 2; cf. Cato ap. Liv. Epit. lib. 50; Plaut. As. 3, 3, 139 sq.—
    c.
    Capita aut navia (al. navim), heads or tails, a play of the Roman youth in which a piece of money is thrown up, to see whether the figure-side (the head of Janus) or the reverse - side (a ship) will fall uppermost, Macr. S. 1, 7; Aur. Vict. Orig. 3; cf. Ov. F. 1, 239; Paul. Nol. Poëm. 38, 73.—
    d.
    Poet., the head, as the seat of the understanding:

    aliena negotia Per caput saliunt,

    run through the head, Hor. S. 2, 6, 34; so id. ib. 2, 3, 132; id. A. P. 300.—
    e.
    Ad Capita bubula, a place in Rome in the tenth region, where Augustus was born, Suet. Aug. 5.—
    2.
    Transf., of inanimate things.
    a.
    In gen., the head, top, summit, point, end, extremity (beginning or end):

    ulpici,

    Cato, R. R. 71:

    allii,

    Col. 6, 34, 1:

    porri,

    id. 11, 3, 17:

    papaveris,

    Liv. 1, 54, 6; Verg. A. 9, 437:

    bulborum,

    Plin. 19, 5, 30, § 94:

    caulis,

    id. 19, 8, 41, § 140 al.:

    jecoris (or jecinoris, jocinoris),

    Cic. Div. 2, 13, 32; Liv. 8, 9, 1; cf. id. 27, 26, 14; 41, 14, 7; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 244 Müll.:

    extorum,

    Ov. M. 15, 795; Luc. 1, 627; Plin. 11, 37, 73, § 189: pontis, tēte de pont, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 4; cf. Front. Arat. 2, 13, 5:

    tignorum,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 9:

    columnae,

    Plin. 34, 3, 7, § 13:

    molis,

    the highest point of the mole, Curt. 4, 2, 23:

    xysti,

    Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 20:

    porticus,

    id. ib. 5, 6, 19 al.—
    b.
    Esp., of rivers,
    (α).
    The origin, source, spring ( head):

    caput aquae illud est, unde aqua nascitur,

    Dig. 43, 20, 1, § 8; so Lucr. 5, 270; 6, 636; 6, 729; Tib. 1, 7, 24; Hor. C. 1, 1, 22; id. S. 1, 10, 37; Verg. G. 4, 319; 4, 368; Ov. M. 2, 255; Hirt. B. G. 8, 41; Liv. 1, 51, 9; 2, 38, 1; 37, 18, 6:

    fontium,

    Vitr. 8, 1; Mel. 3, 2, 8; Plin. Ep. 8, 8, 5; 10, 91, 1 al.—
    (β).
    (more rare) The mouth, embouchure, Caes. B. G. 4, 10; Liv. 33, 41, 7; Luc. 2, 52; 3, 202.—
    c.
    Also of plants, sometimes the root, Cato, R. R. 36; 43; 51:

    vitis,

    id. ib. 33, 1; 95, 2; Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 195; Verg. G. 2, 355.—
    d.
    Also, in reference to the vine, vine branches, Col. 3, 10, 1; Cic. Sen. 15, 53.— Poet., also the summit, top of trees, Enn. ap. Gell. 13, 20, and ap. Non. 195, 24; Ov. M. 1, 567; Poët. ap. Quint. 9, 4, 90; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 370. —
    e.
    Of mountains, rocks, Verg. A. 4, 249; 6, 360.—
    f.
    Of a boil that swells out, Cels. 8, 9;

    hence, facere,

    to come to a head, Plin. 22, 25, 76, § 159; 26, 12, 77, § 125; cf.: capita deorum appellabantur fasciculi facti ex verbenis, Paul. ex Fest. p. 64 Müll.—
    II.
    Per meton. (pars pro toto), a man, person, or animal (very freq. in prose and poetry; cf. kara, kephalê,, in the same signif.;

    v. Liddell and Scott and Robinson): pro capite tuo quantum dedit,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 54; id. Pers. 1, 1, 37:

    hoc conruptum'st caput,

    id. Ep. 1, 1, 85:

    siquidem hoc vivet caput, i. e. ego,

    id. Ps. 2, 4, 33; so id. Stich. 5, 5, 10; cf. id. Capt. 5, 1, 25:

    ridiculum caput!

    Ter. And. 2, 2, 34:

    festivum,

    id. Ad. 2, 3, 8:

    lepidum,

    id. ib. 5, 9, 9:

    carum,

    Verg. A. 4, 354; Hor. C. 1, 24, 2:

    liberum,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 32, § 79:

    vilia,

    Liv. 25, 6, 9:

    viliora,

    id. 9, 26, 22:

    vilissima,

    id. 24, 5, 13:

    ignota,

    id. 3, 7, 7; cf. id. 2, 5, 6:

    liberorum servorumque,

    id. 29, 29, 3 al. —In imprecations:

    istic capiti dicito,

    Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 47; cf.:

    vae capiti tuo,

    id. Most. 4, 3, 10; so id. Poen. 3, 3, 32; Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 6; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1, 4; Tib. 1, 2, 12; Verg. A. 8, 484; 11, 399 al.—With numerals:

    capitum Helvetiorum milia CCLXIII.,

    souls, Caes. B. G. 1, 29; 4, 15:

    quot capitum vivunt, totidem studiorum Milia,

    Hor. S. 2, 1, 27; id. Ep. 2, 2, 189; cf. id. C. 1, 28, 20 al.; so, in capita, in distribution, to or for each person (cf. in Heb. also, for each head, poll, = for each individual, v. Robinson in h. v.), Liv. 2, 33, 11; 32, 17, 2; 34, 50, 6 al. (cf.:

    in singulos,

    id. 42, 4, 5).—Of. the poll-tax:

    exactio capitum,

    Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 5; so,

    capite censi, v. censeo.—Of animals,

    Verg. A. 3, 391; Col. 6, 5, 4 fin.; 8, 5, 4; 8, 5, 7; 8, 11, 13; Veg. Vet. 1, 18.—
    III.
    Trop.
    1.
    Life, and specif.,
    a.
    Physical life:

    carum,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 33 sq.; 5, 1, 26:

    si capitis res siet,

    if it is a matter of life and death, id. Trin. 4, 2, 120: capitis periculum adire, to risk one ' s life, Ter. And. 4, 1, 53; id. Hec. 3, 1, 54; cf. id. Phorm. 3, 2, 6 Runnk.:

    capitis poena,

    capital punishment, Caes. B. G. 7, 71:

    pactum pro capite pretium,

    Cic. Off. 3, 29, 107:

    cum altero certamen honoris et dignitatis est, cum altero capitis et famae,

    id. ib. 1, 12, 38:

    cum dimicatione capitis,

    id. Prov. Cons. 9, 23; cf.:

    suo capite decernere,

    id. Att. 10, 9, 2; so Liv. 2, 12, 10; Cic. Fin. 5, 22, 64; Liv. 9, 5, 5:

    caput offerre pro patriā,

    Cic. Sull. 30, 84:

    patrium tibi crede caput, i. e. patris vitam et salutem,

    Ov. M. 8, 94; so,

    capitis accusare,

    to accuse of a capital crime, Nep. Paus. 2 fin.:

    absolvere,

    id. Milt. 7, 6:

    damnare,

    id. Alcib. 4, 5; id. Eum. 5, 1:

    tergo ac capite puniri,

    Liv. 3, 55, 14:

    caput Jovi sacrum,

    id. 3, 55, 7:

    sacratum,

    id. 10, 38, 3 al.; cf. Ov. M. 9, 296.—
    b.
    Civil or political life, acc. to the Roman idea, including the rights of liberty, citizenship, [p. 290] and family (libertatis, civitatis, familiae): its loss or deprivation was called deminutio or minutio capitis, acc. to the foll. jurid. distinction: capitis deminutionis tria genera sunt: maxima, media, minima; tria enim sunt, quae habemus: libertatem, civitatem, familiam. Igitur cum omnia haec amittimus (as by servitude or condemnation to death), maximam esse capitis deminutionem; cum vero amittimus civitatem (as in the interdictio aquae et ignis) libertatem retinemus, mediam esse capitis deminutionem;

    cum et libertas et civitas retinetur, familia tantum mutatur (as by adoption, or, in the case of women, by marriage) minimam esse capitis deminutionem constat,

    Dig. 4, 5, 11; cf. Just. Inst. 1, 16, 4; Cic. de Or. 1, 40, 181; 1, 54, 231; id. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; Liv. 3, 55, 14; 22, 60, 15:

    capitis minor,

    Hor. C. 3, 5, 42:

    servus manumissus capite non minuitur, quia nulnum caput habuit,

    Dig. 4, 5, 3, § 1.—Of the deminutio media, Cic. Brut. 36, 136; id. Verr. 2, 2, 40, §§ 98 and 99; id. Quint. 2, 8 al.—Of the deminutio minima, Cic. Top. 4, 18; cf. Gai Inst. 1, 162.—
    2. (α).
    With gen.:

    scelerum,

    an arrant knave, Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 19; id. Bacch. 4, 7, 31; id. Mil. 2, 6, 14; id. Ps. 1, 5, 31; 4, 5, 3; id. Rud. 4, 4, 54:

    perjuri,

    id. ib. 4, 4, 55:

    concitandorum Graecorum,

    Cic. Fl. 18, 42:

    consilil,

    Liv. 8, 31, 7:

    conjurationis,

    id. 9, 26, 7:

    caput rei Romanae Camillus,

    id. 6, 3, 1; cf.:

    caput rerum Masinissam fuisse,

    id. 28, 35, 12; so id. 26, 40, 13:

    reipublicae,

    Tac. A. 1, 13:

    nominis Latini,

    heads, chiefs, Liv. 1, 52, 4:

    belli,

    id. 45, 7, 3:

    Suevorum,

    chieftribe, Tac. G. 39 fin. al.—The predicate in gen. masc.:

    capita conjurationis ejus virgis caesi ac securi percussi,

    Liv. 10, 1, 3.—
    (β).
    With esse and dat.:

    ego caput fui argento reperiundo,

    Plaut. As. 3, 3, 138; cf.:

    illic est huic rei caput,

    author, contriver, Ter. And. 2, 6, 27; so id. Ad. 4, 2, 29 al.—
    (γ).
    Absol.:

    urgerent philosophorum greges, jam ab illo fonte et capite Socrate,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 10, 42:

    corpori valido caput deerat,

    guide, leader, Liv. 5, 46, 5:

    esse aliquod caput (i. e. regem) placebat,

    id. 1, 17, 4; cf. id. 1, 23, 4; Hor. S. 2, 5, 74 al.—Of things, head, chief, capital, etc.;

    thus of cities: Thebas caput fuisse totius Graeciae,

    head, first city, Nep. Epam. 10 fin.; so with gen., Liv. 9, 37, 12; 10, 37, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.; 23, 11, 11; 37, 18, 3 (with arx); cf.:

    pro capite atque arce Italiae, urbe Romanā,

    Liv. 22, 32, 5; and with dat.:

    Romam caput Latio esse,

    id. 8, 4, 5; and:

    brevi caput Italiae omni Capuam fore,

    id. 23, 10, 2 Drak. N. cr. —Of other localities:

    castellum quod caput ejus regionis erat,

    the head, principal place, Liv. 21, 33, 11.—Of other things:

    jus nigrum, quod cenae caput erat,

    the principal dish, Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 98; cf. id. Fin. 2, 8, 25:

    patrimonii publici,

    id. Agr. 1, 7, 21; cf. id. ib. 2, 29, 80; Liv. 6, 14, 10: caput esse artis, decere, the main or principal point, Cic. de Or. 1, 29, 132:

    caput esse ad beate vivendum securitatem,

    id. Lael. 13, 45: ad consilium de re publicā dandum caput est nosse rem publicam;

    ad dicendum vero probabiliter, nosse mores civitatis,

    id. de Or. 2, 82, 337; 1, 19, 87:

    litterarum,

    summary, purport, substance, id. Phil. 2, 31, 77:

    caput Epicuri,

    the fundamental principle, dogma, id. Ac. 2, 32, 101; cf. Quint. 3, 11, 27: rerum, the chief or central point, head, Cic. Brut. 44, 164.—So in writings, a division, section, paragraph, chapter, etc.:

    a primo capite legis usque ad extremum,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 15; cf. id. ib. 2, 10, 26; id. Verr. 2, 1, 46, § 118 Ascon.; id. Fam. 3, 8, 4; Gell. 2, 15, 4 al.; Cic. de Or. 2, 55, 223; id. Fam. 7, 22 med.; Quint. 10, 7, 32:

    id quod caput est,

    Cic. Att. 1, 17, 4; so id. Fam. 3, 7, 4.—Of money, the principal sum, the capital, stock (syn. sors;

    opp. usurae),

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 11; 2, 3, 35, § 80 sq.; id. Att. 15, 26, 4; Liv. 6, 15, 10; 6, 35, 4; Hor. S. 1, 2, 14 al.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > kaput

  • 13 Princeps

    1.
    princeps, cĭpis, adj. and subst. comm. [primus-capio], first in time or order (syn. primus).— Lit., in gen.:

    ut quisque in fugā postremus, ita periculo princeps erat,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 90:

    princeps in proelium ibat, ultimus conserto proelio excedebat,

    Liv. 21, 4:

    princeps Horatius ibat,

    first, in front, in advance, id. 1, 26 Weissenb. ad [p. 1445] loc.:

    princeps fuit ad conatum exercitus comparandi,

    Cic. Phil. 10, 11, 24:

    Firmani principes pecuniae pollicendae fuerunt,

    were the first to promise, id. ib. 7, 8, 23:

    princeps in agendo,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 15, 47; Caes. B. G. 7, 2:

    omnium nationum exterarum princeps Sicilia se ad amicitiam populi Romani applicuit,

    was the first that entered into friendship with the Roman people, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 1, § 2:

    princeps et solus bellum his indixit,

    Nep. Thras. 1, 5:

    princeps in haec verba jurat,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 76:

    ut principes talem nuntium attulisse viderentur,

    to be the first, id. ib. 1, 53:

    qui Formiarum moenia dicitur Princeps tenuisse,

    Hor. C. 3, 17, 7:

    matri Qui dederit princeps oscula,

    Ov. F. 2, 714:

    princeps turmas inducit Asilas,

    Verg. A. 11, 620:

    princeps ante omnes,

    first of all, id. ib. 5, 833.—Of things:

    quoniam exordium princeps omnium esse debet,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 7, 19:

    qualitatum aliae sunt principes, aliae ex lis ortae,

    original, id. Ac. 1, 7, 26:

    mensis Romani anni,

    Col. 11, 2, 3:

    addere principi Limo particulam,

    Hor. C. 1, 16, 13:

    dies imperii princeps, vitae supremus,

    Tac. A. 1, 9.—
    B.
    The first, chief, the most eminent, distinguished, or noble (syn. primores):

    longe omnium gravitate princeps Plato,

    Cic. Or. 19, 62:

    Eudoxus in astrologiā facile princeps,

    id. Div. 2, 42, 87:

    quaedam principes feminae,

    certain noble ladies, Plin. 8, 32, 50, § 119:

    principe loco genitus,

    id. 37, 2, 11, § 40.—Prov.:

    principibus placuisse viris non ultima laus est,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 35. —Rarely of things:

    gemma princeps Sardonychus,

    Juv. 13, 138.—
    II. B.
    Esp., the first, chief, principal, most distinguished person:

    quales in re publicā principes essent, talis reliquos solere esse civis,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 12:

    juventutis,

    one of the noblest of the Roman knights, id. Vatin. 10, 24: trecenti conjuravimus principes juventutis Romanae, i. e. high-born or patrician youths, Liv. 2, 12, 15 (= proceres juventutis, id. 10, 28, 7); 42, 61, 5.—In the time of the emperors this was also a title of honor given to the prince, the heir to the empire, Tac. A. 1, 3:

    sacerdotum,

    the high-priest, Vulg. Act. 4, 6. —
    C.
    A chief, head, author, originator, leader, contriver, etc.:

    princeps atque architectus sceleris,

    Cic. Clu. 22, 60:

    Zeno eorum (Stoicorum) princeps non tam rerum inventor fuit, quam verborum novorum,

    id. Fin. 3, 2, 5:

    princeps Argonautarum,

    i. e. Jason, id. Tusc. 4, 32, 69:

    principes consilii publici, i. e. senatus,

    id. Sest. 45, 97:

    conjurationis,

    id. Cat. 1, 11, 27:

    eorum omnium hic dux est atque princeps,

    id. Har. Resp. 26, 57:

    regendae civitatis dux et sententiae princeps in senatu,

    id. de Or. 3, 17, 63:

    (pueri) aequalium principes,

    first among their playfellows, id. Fin. 5, 22, 61:

    gregis,

    i. e. of players, Suet. Calig. 58:

    principes sententiarum consulares,

    who were first asked for their opinion, Liv. 8, 21:

    hujus consilii principes,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 14:

    belli inferendi,

    first in commencing hostilities, id. ib. 5, 52:

    jam princeps equitum,

    at the head of, Juv. 4, 32.—Of ancestors:

    hinc Dardanus ortus Iasiusque pater, genus a quo principe nostrum,

    Verg. A. 3, 168 (cf., in this sense, principium, Sil. 15, 748; v. principium, II. B. 2.).—
    D.
    A chief, superior, director (ante- and post-class.):

    principes, qui utrique rei praeponuntur,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 2; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 32.—
    E.
    A prince, i. e. a ruler, sovereign, emperor ( poet. and post-Aug.):

    hic ames dici pater atque princeps,

    Hor. C. 1, 2, 50; Ov. P. 1, 2, 123; Tac. A. 1, 1:

    quae non faciet quod principis uxor,

    Juv. 6, 617; 8, 224.—
    F.
    In milit. lang.: princĭpes, um, m., the second line of soldiers, between the hastati and triarii, Liv. 8, 8; 22, 5; 30, 8; 37, 39; cf. Varr. L. L. 5, § 89; Veg. Mil. 1, 20; 2, 15; cf. Ov. F. 3, 129; and Becker, Antiq. 3, 2, p. 249 sq.; p. 269 sq.—Princeps also signifies,
    1.
    A company or division of the principes: signum primi principis, of the first company of the principes, Liv. 26, 6, 1:

    octavum principem duxit,

    was centurion of the eighth maniple, Cic. ad Brut. 1, 8, 2.—
    2.
    A centurion or captain of the principes: princeps prior, the first captain of the principes, Caes. B. C. 3, 64 fin.:

    princeps tertiae legionis,

    Liv. 25, 14; cf. id. 42, 34.—
    3.
    The office of centurion of the principes, the centurionship or captaincy of the principes: mihi primus princeps prioris centuriae est adsignatus, the first captaincy of the principes, Liv. 42, 34, 8.— Comp.:

    omnium priorum principum principiorem, si dici fas est,

    Cassiod. Hist. Eccl. 1, 1.
    2.
    Princeps, cĭpis, m., a celebrated flute-player, Phaedr. 5, 7, 4.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Princeps

  • 14 princeps

    1.
    princeps, cĭpis, adj. and subst. comm. [primus-capio], first in time or order (syn. primus).— Lit., in gen.:

    ut quisque in fugā postremus, ita periculo princeps erat,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 90:

    princeps in proelium ibat, ultimus conserto proelio excedebat,

    Liv. 21, 4:

    princeps Horatius ibat,

    first, in front, in advance, id. 1, 26 Weissenb. ad [p. 1445] loc.:

    princeps fuit ad conatum exercitus comparandi,

    Cic. Phil. 10, 11, 24:

    Firmani principes pecuniae pollicendae fuerunt,

    were the first to promise, id. ib. 7, 8, 23:

    princeps in agendo,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 15, 47; Caes. B. G. 7, 2:

    omnium nationum exterarum princeps Sicilia se ad amicitiam populi Romani applicuit,

    was the first that entered into friendship with the Roman people, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 1, § 2:

    princeps et solus bellum his indixit,

    Nep. Thras. 1, 5:

    princeps in haec verba jurat,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 76:

    ut principes talem nuntium attulisse viderentur,

    to be the first, id. ib. 1, 53:

    qui Formiarum moenia dicitur Princeps tenuisse,

    Hor. C. 3, 17, 7:

    matri Qui dederit princeps oscula,

    Ov. F. 2, 714:

    princeps turmas inducit Asilas,

    Verg. A. 11, 620:

    princeps ante omnes,

    first of all, id. ib. 5, 833.—Of things:

    quoniam exordium princeps omnium esse debet,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 7, 19:

    qualitatum aliae sunt principes, aliae ex lis ortae,

    original, id. Ac. 1, 7, 26:

    mensis Romani anni,

    Col. 11, 2, 3:

    addere principi Limo particulam,

    Hor. C. 1, 16, 13:

    dies imperii princeps, vitae supremus,

    Tac. A. 1, 9.—
    B.
    The first, chief, the most eminent, distinguished, or noble (syn. primores):

    longe omnium gravitate princeps Plato,

    Cic. Or. 19, 62:

    Eudoxus in astrologiā facile princeps,

    id. Div. 2, 42, 87:

    quaedam principes feminae,

    certain noble ladies, Plin. 8, 32, 50, § 119:

    principe loco genitus,

    id. 37, 2, 11, § 40.—Prov.:

    principibus placuisse viris non ultima laus est,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 35. —Rarely of things:

    gemma princeps Sardonychus,

    Juv. 13, 138.—
    II. B.
    Esp., the first, chief, principal, most distinguished person:

    quales in re publicā principes essent, talis reliquos solere esse civis,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 12:

    juventutis,

    one of the noblest of the Roman knights, id. Vatin. 10, 24: trecenti conjuravimus principes juventutis Romanae, i. e. high-born or patrician youths, Liv. 2, 12, 15 (= proceres juventutis, id. 10, 28, 7); 42, 61, 5.—In the time of the emperors this was also a title of honor given to the prince, the heir to the empire, Tac. A. 1, 3:

    sacerdotum,

    the high-priest, Vulg. Act. 4, 6. —
    C.
    A chief, head, author, originator, leader, contriver, etc.:

    princeps atque architectus sceleris,

    Cic. Clu. 22, 60:

    Zeno eorum (Stoicorum) princeps non tam rerum inventor fuit, quam verborum novorum,

    id. Fin. 3, 2, 5:

    princeps Argonautarum,

    i. e. Jason, id. Tusc. 4, 32, 69:

    principes consilii publici, i. e. senatus,

    id. Sest. 45, 97:

    conjurationis,

    id. Cat. 1, 11, 27:

    eorum omnium hic dux est atque princeps,

    id. Har. Resp. 26, 57:

    regendae civitatis dux et sententiae princeps in senatu,

    id. de Or. 3, 17, 63:

    (pueri) aequalium principes,

    first among their playfellows, id. Fin. 5, 22, 61:

    gregis,

    i. e. of players, Suet. Calig. 58:

    principes sententiarum consulares,

    who were first asked for their opinion, Liv. 8, 21:

    hujus consilii principes,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 14:

    belli inferendi,

    first in commencing hostilities, id. ib. 5, 52:

    jam princeps equitum,

    at the head of, Juv. 4, 32.—Of ancestors:

    hinc Dardanus ortus Iasiusque pater, genus a quo principe nostrum,

    Verg. A. 3, 168 (cf., in this sense, principium, Sil. 15, 748; v. principium, II. B. 2.).—
    D.
    A chief, superior, director (ante- and post-class.):

    principes, qui utrique rei praeponuntur,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 2; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 32.—
    E.
    A prince, i. e. a ruler, sovereign, emperor ( poet. and post-Aug.):

    hic ames dici pater atque princeps,

    Hor. C. 1, 2, 50; Ov. P. 1, 2, 123; Tac. A. 1, 1:

    quae non faciet quod principis uxor,

    Juv. 6, 617; 8, 224.—
    F.
    In milit. lang.: princĭpes, um, m., the second line of soldiers, between the hastati and triarii, Liv. 8, 8; 22, 5; 30, 8; 37, 39; cf. Varr. L. L. 5, § 89; Veg. Mil. 1, 20; 2, 15; cf. Ov. F. 3, 129; and Becker, Antiq. 3, 2, p. 249 sq.; p. 269 sq.—Princeps also signifies,
    1.
    A company or division of the principes: signum primi principis, of the first company of the principes, Liv. 26, 6, 1:

    octavum principem duxit,

    was centurion of the eighth maniple, Cic. ad Brut. 1, 8, 2.—
    2.
    A centurion or captain of the principes: princeps prior, the first captain of the principes, Caes. B. C. 3, 64 fin.:

    princeps tertiae legionis,

    Liv. 25, 14; cf. id. 42, 34.—
    3.
    The office of centurion of the principes, the centurionship or captaincy of the principes: mihi primus princeps prioris centuriae est adsignatus, the first captaincy of the principes, Liv. 42, 34, 8.— Comp.:

    omnium priorum principum principiorem, si dici fas est,

    Cassiod. Hist. Eccl. 1, 1.
    2.
    Princeps, cĭpis, m., a celebrated flute-player, Phaedr. 5, 7, 4.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > princeps

  • 15 principes

    1.
    princeps, cĭpis, adj. and subst. comm. [primus-capio], first in time or order (syn. primus).— Lit., in gen.:

    ut quisque in fugā postremus, ita periculo princeps erat,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 90:

    princeps in proelium ibat, ultimus conserto proelio excedebat,

    Liv. 21, 4:

    princeps Horatius ibat,

    first, in front, in advance, id. 1, 26 Weissenb. ad [p. 1445] loc.:

    princeps fuit ad conatum exercitus comparandi,

    Cic. Phil. 10, 11, 24:

    Firmani principes pecuniae pollicendae fuerunt,

    were the first to promise, id. ib. 7, 8, 23:

    princeps in agendo,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 15, 47; Caes. B. G. 7, 2:

    omnium nationum exterarum princeps Sicilia se ad amicitiam populi Romani applicuit,

    was the first that entered into friendship with the Roman people, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 1, § 2:

    princeps et solus bellum his indixit,

    Nep. Thras. 1, 5:

    princeps in haec verba jurat,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 76:

    ut principes talem nuntium attulisse viderentur,

    to be the first, id. ib. 1, 53:

    qui Formiarum moenia dicitur Princeps tenuisse,

    Hor. C. 3, 17, 7:

    matri Qui dederit princeps oscula,

    Ov. F. 2, 714:

    princeps turmas inducit Asilas,

    Verg. A. 11, 620:

    princeps ante omnes,

    first of all, id. ib. 5, 833.—Of things:

    quoniam exordium princeps omnium esse debet,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 7, 19:

    qualitatum aliae sunt principes, aliae ex lis ortae,

    original, id. Ac. 1, 7, 26:

    mensis Romani anni,

    Col. 11, 2, 3:

    addere principi Limo particulam,

    Hor. C. 1, 16, 13:

    dies imperii princeps, vitae supremus,

    Tac. A. 1, 9.—
    B.
    The first, chief, the most eminent, distinguished, or noble (syn. primores):

    longe omnium gravitate princeps Plato,

    Cic. Or. 19, 62:

    Eudoxus in astrologiā facile princeps,

    id. Div. 2, 42, 87:

    quaedam principes feminae,

    certain noble ladies, Plin. 8, 32, 50, § 119:

    principe loco genitus,

    id. 37, 2, 11, § 40.—Prov.:

    principibus placuisse viris non ultima laus est,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 35. —Rarely of things:

    gemma princeps Sardonychus,

    Juv. 13, 138.—
    II. B.
    Esp., the first, chief, principal, most distinguished person:

    quales in re publicā principes essent, talis reliquos solere esse civis,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 12:

    juventutis,

    one of the noblest of the Roman knights, id. Vatin. 10, 24: trecenti conjuravimus principes juventutis Romanae, i. e. high-born or patrician youths, Liv. 2, 12, 15 (= proceres juventutis, id. 10, 28, 7); 42, 61, 5.—In the time of the emperors this was also a title of honor given to the prince, the heir to the empire, Tac. A. 1, 3:

    sacerdotum,

    the high-priest, Vulg. Act. 4, 6. —
    C.
    A chief, head, author, originator, leader, contriver, etc.:

    princeps atque architectus sceleris,

    Cic. Clu. 22, 60:

    Zeno eorum (Stoicorum) princeps non tam rerum inventor fuit, quam verborum novorum,

    id. Fin. 3, 2, 5:

    princeps Argonautarum,

    i. e. Jason, id. Tusc. 4, 32, 69:

    principes consilii publici, i. e. senatus,

    id. Sest. 45, 97:

    conjurationis,

    id. Cat. 1, 11, 27:

    eorum omnium hic dux est atque princeps,

    id. Har. Resp. 26, 57:

    regendae civitatis dux et sententiae princeps in senatu,

    id. de Or. 3, 17, 63:

    (pueri) aequalium principes,

    first among their playfellows, id. Fin. 5, 22, 61:

    gregis,

    i. e. of players, Suet. Calig. 58:

    principes sententiarum consulares,

    who were first asked for their opinion, Liv. 8, 21:

    hujus consilii principes,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 14:

    belli inferendi,

    first in commencing hostilities, id. ib. 5, 52:

    jam princeps equitum,

    at the head of, Juv. 4, 32.—Of ancestors:

    hinc Dardanus ortus Iasiusque pater, genus a quo principe nostrum,

    Verg. A. 3, 168 (cf., in this sense, principium, Sil. 15, 748; v. principium, II. B. 2.).—
    D.
    A chief, superior, director (ante- and post-class.):

    principes, qui utrique rei praeponuntur,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 2; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 32.—
    E.
    A prince, i. e. a ruler, sovereign, emperor ( poet. and post-Aug.):

    hic ames dici pater atque princeps,

    Hor. C. 1, 2, 50; Ov. P. 1, 2, 123; Tac. A. 1, 1:

    quae non faciet quod principis uxor,

    Juv. 6, 617; 8, 224.—
    F.
    In milit. lang.: princĭpes, um, m., the second line of soldiers, between the hastati and triarii, Liv. 8, 8; 22, 5; 30, 8; 37, 39; cf. Varr. L. L. 5, § 89; Veg. Mil. 1, 20; 2, 15; cf. Ov. F. 3, 129; and Becker, Antiq. 3, 2, p. 249 sq.; p. 269 sq.—Princeps also signifies,
    1.
    A company or division of the principes: signum primi principis, of the first company of the principes, Liv. 26, 6, 1:

    octavum principem duxit,

    was centurion of the eighth maniple, Cic. ad Brut. 1, 8, 2.—
    2.
    A centurion or captain of the principes: princeps prior, the first captain of the principes, Caes. B. C. 3, 64 fin.:

    princeps tertiae legionis,

    Liv. 25, 14; cf. id. 42, 34.—
    3.
    The office of centurion of the principes, the centurionship or captaincy of the principes: mihi primus princeps prioris centuriae est adsignatus, the first captaincy of the principes, Liv. 42, 34, 8.— Comp.:

    omnium priorum principum principiorem, si dici fas est,

    Cassiod. Hist. Eccl. 1, 1.
    2.
    Princeps, cĭpis, m., a celebrated flute-player, Phaedr. 5, 7, 4.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > principes

  • 16 imperātor (inp-)

        imperātor (inp-) ōris, m    [impero], a commander-in-chief, general: imperatoris virtus, T.: invictus: partes imperatoris, Cs.: id est dominum, non inperatorem esse, S.— Imperator (a title conferred on a victorious general): Pompeius eo proelio Imperator est appellatus, Cs.—A commander, leader, chief, director, ruler, master: (Romani) binos imperatores sibi fecere, i. e. consuls, S.: inperator vitae mortalium animus est, S.— An epithet of Jupiter, C., L.—An emperor, chief of the empire: Traianus, Ta.

    Latin-English dictionary > imperātor (inp-)

  • 17 auspicium

    I.
    A.. Lit.:

    auspicia avium,

    Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 203 (as if overlooking the origin of auspicium): praetor auspicat auspicium prosperum, Naev. ap. Non. p. 468, 28: Dant (Romulus et Remus) operam simul auspicio augurioque etc., Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107 (Ann. v. 81 sq. Vahl.:

    pullarium in auspicium mittit,

    Liv. 10, 40, 2:

    ab auspicio bono proficisci, of marriage,

    Cat. 45, 19 Ellis (cf. auspex, II. A. 2.) et saep.; cf.

    the class. passages,

    Cic. Div. 1, 47 sq.; 2, 34 sq.; Liv. 6, 41, 4 sq.—So auspicium habere, to have the right of taking auspices (which, in the performance of civil duties, was possessed by all magistrates, but, in time of war, only by the commander - in - chief):

    omnes magistratus auspicium judiciumque habento,

    Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 10:

    quod nemo plebeius auspicia haberet,

    Liv. 4, 6, 2.—Of the commander - in - chief:

    expugnatum oppidumst Imperio atque auspicio mei eri Amphitruonis,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 37:

    Ut gesserit rem publicam ductu, imperio, auspicio suo,

    id. ib. 1, 1, 41;

    2, 2, 25: qui ductu auspicioque ejus res prospere gesserant,

    Liv. 5, 46, 6; 8, 31, 1; 10, 7, 7; 41, 28, 1 al.;

    21, 40, 3: recepta signa ductu Germanici, auspiciis Tiberii,

    Tac. A. 2, 41:

    Septentrionalis oceanus navigatus est auspiciis divi Augusti,

    Plin. 2, 67, 67, § 167:

    alia ductu meo, alia imperio auspicioque perdomui,

    Curt. 6, 3, 2:

    domuit partim ductu partim auspiciis suis Cantabriam, etc.,

    Suet. Aug. 21 Ruhnk.—And so absol.:

    vates rege vatis habenas, Auspicio felix totus ut annus eat (sc. tuo),

    Ov. F. 1, 26 Merk.—Hence for the chief command, guidance:

    tuis auspiciis totum confecta duella per orbem,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 254 Schmid:

    Illius auspiciis obsessae moenia pacem Victa petent Mutinae,

    Ov. M. 15, 822.—And, in gen., right, power, inclination, will:

    Me si fata meis paterentur ducere vitam Auspiciis et sponte meā componere curas, etc.,

    Verg. A. 4, 341:

    Communem hunc ergo populum paribusque regamus Auspiciis,

    id. ib. 4, 103 (aequali potestate, Serv.).—
    B.
    Transf., in gen., a sign, omen, a divine premonition or token:

    Liquido exeo auspicio foras, Avi sinistrā,

    Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 2; so id. Ps. 2, 4, 72:

    optimum,

    id. Stich. 3, 2, 6: dicere ausus est optimis auspiciis ea geri, Cic. Sen. 4, 11:

    quae contra rem publicam ferrentur, contra auspicia ferri,

    id. ib.:

    melius,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 88:

    vanum,

    Prop. 1, 3, 28:

    infaustum,

    Verg. A. 11, 347:

    felix,

    Just. 1, 10 al. —So, auspicium facere, of things which give signs, tokens, omens:

    augurium haec (mustela) facit,

    Plaut. Stich. 3, 2, 10:

    cur aliis a laevā, aliis a dexterā datum est avibus, ut ratum auspicium facere possint?

    Cic. Div. 2, 38, 80:

    circa summum culmen hominis auspicium fecisse,

    Liv. 1, 34, 9.— Poet.: cui (diviti) si vitiosa libido Fecerit auspicium, gave him a token (viz. for changing), urged him to a new decision, Hor, Ep. 1, 1, 86.—
    II.
    Trop., = initium, a beginning (cf. auspicor, II., and auspex, II. B.):

    auspicia belli a parricidio incipientes,

    Just. 26, 2, 2:

    auspicia regni a parricidio coepit,

    id. 27, 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > auspicium

  • 18 decanus

    dĕcānus, i, m. [decem].
    I.
    A chief of ten, one set over ten persons (late Lat.).
    A.
    Over soldiers, Veg. Mil. 2, 8.—
    B.
    Over monks, a dean, Hier. Ep. 22, no. 35.—
    C.
    The chief of the corpse-bearers, Cod. Just. 1, 2, 4; 9.—
    D.
    As a judge, Vulg. Exod. 18, 21; Deut. 1, 15.—
    II. III.
    In astrology, the chief of ten parts of a zodiacal sign, Firm. Math. 2, 4.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > decanus

  • 19 dictator

    dictātor, ōris, m. [dicto, qs. a commander].
    I.
    A dictator, the chief magistrate in several Italian states, elected by the Romans in seasons of emergency for six months, and armed with absolute authority;

    formerly called Magister populi, and also Praetor Maximus,

    Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 9; id. Rep. 1, 40; Liv. 7, 3; Cic. Rep. 2, 32; Liv. 2, 18; Lydus de Magistr. 1, 36-38 et saep.; cf. Mommsen, Hist. Book I. ch. 2; 1, p. 330 N. Y. ed. Anthon's Smith's Antiq. p. 360; Kreuz. Excurs. XII. to Cic. Leg. p. 509.— The chief magistrate of other cities of Italy, Cic. Mil. 10; Liv. 1, 23; Spart. Hadr. 18; Inscr. Orell. 112; 2293; 3786 al.—
    B.
    Transf., of Hannibal, as chief of the Carthaginians, Column. Rostr.; cf. Cato ap. Gell. 10, 24, 7.—
    II.
    Qui dictat, one who dictates, Salv. Ep. 9 med.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > dictator

  • 20 praeficio

    prae-fĭcĭo, fēci, fectum, 3, v. a. [facio], to set over any thing (as officer, superintendent, leader, etc.), to place in authority over, place at the head, appoint to the command of.
    I.
    Lit. (freq. and class.; cf.:

    praepono, praefero): te cum securi caudicali praeficio provinciae,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 25:

    praefeci rure recte qui curet tamen,

    id. Cas. 1, 1, 17:

    aliquem pecori,

    Cic. Planc. 25, 62:

    certum magistratum alicui procurationi,

    id. Leg. 2, 26, 66:

    imperatorem bello,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 16, 49:

    tantis rebus,

    id. ib. 10, 27:

    legatos legionibus,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 24:

    pontifices sacris,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 14, 26:

    aliquem sacerdotio Neptuni,

    Plin. 9, 8, 8, § 27:

    libertos rationibus, libellis et epistulis,

    Tac. A. 6, 8:

    aliquem provinciae,

    id. ib. 13, 46;

    2, 4: aliquem classi,

    Nep. Milt. 4, 1; Liv. 35, 42 et saep.:

    lucis Avernis,

    Verg. A. 6, 118:

    Juno sacris praefecta maritis,

    Ov. H. 12, 87:

    in eo exercitu inimici mei fratrem praefecerat,

    had given him a command, Cic. Sest. 18, 41. —
    II.
    Trop., to set over, etc. (rare): nec locus nec materia invenitur, cui divinationem praeficere possimus, Cic. Div. 2, 4, 12. —Hence, as subst.: praefectus, i, m., an overseer, director, president, chief, commander, prefect.
    A.
    In gen.:

    gumnasi praefecto poenas pendere,

    Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 22:

    villae,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 17 fin.:

    tu (censor) es praefectus moribus,

    Cic. Clu. 46, 129; cf.:

    praefectus morum,

    Nep. Hamilc. 3, 2:

    nec vero mulieribus praefectus praeponatur,

    Cic. Rep. 4, 6, 16 (Non. 499, 13); cf. Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 30:

    cum praefectus custodum quaesisset, etc.,

    Nep. Eum. 11, 1:

    his utitur quasi praefectis libidinum suarum,

    Cic. Red. in Sen. 6, 15.—
    B.
    In partic., as a title of particular civil or military officers, a president, superintendent, commander, governor, etc.:

    praefectus aerarii or aerario,

    a treasurer, Plin. Ep. 3, 4, 2; id. Pan. 92; Gell. 13, 24, 30; Capitol. Gord. 4: annonae, a superintendent of grain or of the markets, Tac. A. 11, 31; Inscr. Orell. 1084; 1186; 1091;

    3169: castrorum or castris,

    an officer who attended to the pitching of the camp and all matters connected therewith, a quartermaster, Vell. 2, 112, 6; 119, 4; 120, 4; Tac. A. 14, 37; 1, 20; cf. Veg. Mil. 2, 10:

    classis,

    an admiral, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 89; Liv. 26, 48; 36, 20; 42; Flor. 3, 7; afterwards also for a captain of a ship, Tac. H. 3, 12; Veg. Mil. 4, 32; Inscr. Orell. 3596;

    who was formerly called praefectus navis: dextrum cornu praefectos navium ad terram explicare jubet,

    Liv. 36, 44; Flor. 2, 5: fabrūm, in the army, a superintendent of the military engines, chief engineer, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, C, 2; id. B. C. 1, 24, 4; Nep. Att. 12, 4; Vell. 2, 76, 1; Plin. 36, 6, 7, § 48; Inscr. Orell. 4906;

    in the free towns and colonies,

    a superintendent of public works, ib. 516: equitum, a commander of the cavalry, as we say, a colonel or general of cavalry, Hirt. B. G. 8, 12; Vell. 2, 24, 1;

    called also simply praefectus,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 39; 3, 7; Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 7; cf.

    cohortium,

    Sall. J. 46, 7: legionis, in the time of the emperors, the same that was previously called legatus legionis, a commander of the legion, i. q. our colonel, Tac. H. 1, 82; Suet. Claud. 12; id. Galb. 11; 14; id. Calig. 56; id. Ner. 21; Inscr. Grut. 465, 2; cf. Veg. Mil. 2, 9:

    praefectus regis or regius,

    a commander-in-chief, generalissimo, Liv. 36, 11; Sall. J. 46, 5; Nep. Alcib. 5, 2; id. Ages. 2, 3; cf. Flor. 3, 5; 11:

    praefectus praetorio and praetorii, in the time of the emperors,

    a commander of the imperial body - guard, pretorian prefect, Tac. A. 1, 24; id. H. 1, 13; 19; Dig. 1, 11 et saep.; in later times, a governor of a province of the Roman empire: praefectus urbi or urbis, governor of the city of Rome, in the times of the republic, appointed only to represent the consul during the latter's absence; under the emperors, a perpetual office with a particular jurisdiction, Varr. ap. Gell. 14, 7; Tac. A. 6, 10; 11; Plin. 11, 38, 90, § 223; Suet. Aug. 33; Inscr. Orell. 3153 sq.:

    vigilum or vigilibus,

    a captain of the watch, Dig. 1, 15, 3; 47, 2, 58; Inscr. Orell. 801; 1088; 1929:

    Aegypti,

    the governor of the province of Egypt, Suet. Aug. 18; 66; id. Vesp. 6; Dig. 1, 17; Inscr. Orell. 709; 3651; so,

    Lydiae, Ioniae, totiusque Phrygiae,

    Nep. Dat. 2, 5:

    Alpium,

    Plin. 10, 48, 68, § 134; Inscr. Grut. 287, 7.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > praeficio

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