cake

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u, f. [Engl. cake; Dan. kage; Swed. kaka; Germ. kuchen]:—a cake; eitt köku-korn, a little cake, Vitae Patrum (Unger); freq. in mod. usage.

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að, [from Engl. quack], to bungle, play the quack; káka við e-t.

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(-ða, -ðr), v.

1) to stretch out, draw (t. hálsinn);

2) to spread out dough into a flat cake (t. brauð);

3) to allure, entice (teygir hann rakkann á brott með sér).

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ð, with neg. suff., imperat. teygj-at and teygj-at-tu, draw thou not, Sdm., Hm. [referring to a lost strong verb, tjúga-, taug-, of which only the part. toginn remains; cp. Engl. tug]:—to stretch out, draw; teygja hálsinn, … teyg þik sem mest, Fas. iii. 488; síðan lætr hann teygja, Fs. 176; teygja sig, to stretch one’s limbs; or, tevgjast sundr og saman, to writhe like a worm.

2. to spread out dough into a loaf or flat cake (mod. fletja brauð); þeir kváðusk vilja at hón teygði brauð, en þeir mundi baka á eptir, Fas. i. 244.

3. to draw out; teygja (mod. tægja) ull, to card wool; ófu ok teygðu, of the wind and the waves, Edda (in a verse), the metaphor is from wool-dressing.

II. metaph. to draw, allure; teygjattu þér at kossi konur, Sdm. 28, 32, Hm. 101, 116, 121; sá er þaðan teygir eða t. lætr, N. G. L. i. 148; teygir Loki Iðunni ut um Ásgarð í skóg nökkurn, Edda 46; teygir hann rakkann á brott með sér, Nj. 114; t. Herjólf út, Rd. 265; er hann hafði teygt Kálf vestan um haf, Fms. vi. 295; t. tíkr at solli, Hkv. 1. 40; t. e-n til hlýðni, Fms. ii. 33; ef þu fær teygt af honum sverðit svá at hann gráti eigi, iv. 37; teyja (sic) hann þangat með fám skipum, Fms. x. 341; t. til þessarar gildru, Bs. i. 372; hann teygir en neyðir eigi, Hom. (St.); t. til e-s, to draw towards, contribute to a thing; varð hann þó mjök at teyja til (from týgja?) ok mart stórt at vinna áðr við gengizk um trúna, Fms. x. 322; hugðumk ek með þessu til teygja at vér mættim frið ok náðir hafa, D. N. vi. 69. ☞ For the phrase, teygja tanna, see tönn, tjá (B. l. 2).

s, m., pl. ir: [the etymology of this word has been much contested; some—upon the authority of Snorri, hans menn fóru ‘brynjulausir,’ Hkr. i. 11—derive it from ‘berr’ ( bare) and ‘serkr’ [cp. sark, Scot. for shirt]; but this etymology is inadmissible, because ‘serkr’ is a subst. not an adj.: others derive it from ‘berr’ (Germ. bär = ursus), which is greatly to be preferred, for in olden ages athletes and champions used to wear hides of bears, wolves, and reindeer (as skins of lions in the south), hence the names Bjálfi, Bjarnhéðinn, Úlfhéðinn, (héðinn, pellis,)—‘pellibus aut parvis rhenonum tegimentis utuntur,’ Caes. Bell. Gall. vi. 22: even the old poets understood the name so, as may be seen in the poem of Hornklofi (beginning of 10th century), a dialogue between a Valkyrja and a raven, where the Valkyrja says, at berserkja reiðu vil ek þik spyrja, to which the raven replies, Úlfhéðnar heita, they are called Wolfcoats, cp. the Vd. ch. 9; þeir berserkir er Úlfhéðnar vóru kallaðir, þeir höfðu vargstakka ( coats of wild beasts) fyrir brynjur, Fs. 17]:—a ‘bear-sark,’ ‘bear-coat,’ i. e. a wild warrior or champion of the heathen age; twelve berserkers are mentioned as the chief followers of several kings of antiquity, e. g. of the Dan. king Rolf Krake, Edda 82; a Swed. king, Gautr. S. Fas. iii. 36; king Adils, Hrólf. Kr. S. ch. 16 sqq.; Harald Hárfagri, Eg. ch. 9, Grett. ch. 2, Vd. l. c. (Hornklofi, v. above); the twelve sons of Arngrim, Hervar. S. ch. 3–5, Hdl. 22, 23; the two berserkers sent as a present by king Eric at Upsala to earl Hakon of Norway, and by him presented to an Icel. nobleman, Eb. ch. 25. In battle the berserkers were subject to fits of frenzy, called berserks-gangr (furor bersercicus, cp. the phrase, ganga berserksgang), when they howled like wild beasts, foamed at the mouth and gnawed the iron rim of their shields; during these fits they were, according to popular belief, proof against steel and fire, and made great havoc in the ranks of the enemy; but when the fever abated they were weak and tame. A graphical description of the ‘furor bersercicus’ is found in the Sagas, Yngl. S. ch. 6, Hervar. S. l. c., Eg. ch. 27, 67, Grett. ch. 42, Eb. ch. 25, Nj. ch. 104, Kristni S. ch. 2, 8 (Vd. ch. 46); cp. also a passage in the poem of Hornklofi | grenjuðu berserkir, | guðr var þeim á sinnum, | emjaðu Úlfhéðnar | ok ísarn gniiðu—which lines recall to the mind Roman descriptions of the Cimbric war-cry. In the Icel. Jus Eccles. the berserksgangr, as connected with the heathen age, is liable to the lesser outlawry, K. Þ. K. 78; it is mentioned as a sort of possession in Vd. ch. 37, and as healed by a vow to God. In the Dropl. S. Major (in MS.) it is medically described as a disease (v. the whole extract in the essay ‘De furore Bersercico,’ Kristni S. old Ed. in cake); but this Saga is modern, probably of the first part of the 17th century. The description of these champions has a rather mythical character. A somewhat different sort of berserker is also recorded in Norway as existing in gangs of professional bullies, roaming about from house to house, challenging husbandmen to ‘holmgang’ ( duel), extorting ransom (leysa sik af hólmi), and, in case of victory, carrying off wives, sisters, or daughters; but in most cases the damsel is happily rescued by some travelling Icelander, who fights and kills the berserker. The most curious passages are Glúm, ch. 4, 6, Gísl. ch. 1 (cp. Sir Edm. Head’s and Mr. Dasent’s remarks in the prefaces), Grett. ch. 21, 42, Eg. ch. 67, Flóam. S. ch. 15, 17; according to Grett. ch. 21, these banditti were made outlaws by earl Eric, A. D. 1012. It is worth noticing that no berserker is described as a native of Icel.; the historians are anxious to state that those who appeared in Icel. (Nj., Eb., Kr. S. l. c.) were born Norse (or Swedes), and they were looked upon with fear and execration. That men of the heathen age were taken with fits of the ‘furor athleticus’ is recorded in the case of Thorir in the Vd., the old Kveldulf in Eg., and proved by the fact that the law set a penalty upon it. Berserkr now and then occurs as a nickname, Glúm. 378. The author of the Yngl. S. attributes the berserksgangr to Odin and his followers, but this is a sheer misinterpretation, or perhaps the whole passage is a rude paraphrase of Hm. 149 sqq. In the old Hbl. 37 berserkr and giant are used synonymously. The berserkers are the representatives of mere brute force, and it therefore sounds almost blasphemous, when the Norse Barl. S. speaks of Guðs berserkr (a ‘bear-coat’ or champion of God), (Jesus Kristr gleymdi eigi hólmgöngu sins berserks), 54, 197. With the introduction of Christianity this championship disappeared altogether.

n. benediction (from Irish beannacht).

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n. an απ. λεγ.; þat var háttr hans ef hann (viz. Odin) sendi menn sína til orrostu eðr aðrar sendifarar, at hann lagði áðr hendr í höfuð þeim ok gaf þeim bjannak, trúðu þeir at þá mundi vel farast, Ýngl. S. ch. 11; it is commonly interpreted as benedictio, but it is no doubt the Scot. bannock, from Gael, banagh, an oat-cake; cp. Lat. panis. The whole passage in the Hkr. points to Christian rites and ideas brought into the pagan North, but which are here attributed to Odin, (cp. the breaking of bread and the Eucharist.)

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(gen. pl. eggja), n. egg.

(gen. -jar, dat. -ju; pl. -jar), f. edge; eyða (verja) oddi ok eggju, by force of arms, with might and main.

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n. [A. S. äg; Engl. egg; Swed. ägg; Dan. æg; Germ. ei], an egg, Eg. 152, Grág. ii. 346; arnar-e., æðar-e., álptar-e., hrafns-e., dúfu-e., kriu-e., etc., an eagle’s egg, eider duck’s, swan’s, raven’s, dove’s, etc.; also, höggorms egg, a snake’s egg: eggja-hvíta, f. the white of an egg: eggja-rauða, f. or eggja-blómi, m. the yolk; verpa eggjum, to lay eggs; liggja á eggjum, to sit on eggs, brood; koma, skríða ór eggi, of the young, to come out of the egg, Fagrsk. 4 (in a verse): an egg is glænýtt fresh, stropað half-hatched, ungað hatched; vind-egg, a wind-egg, addled egg; fúl-egg, a rotten egg; vera lostinn fúlu eggi, proverb of a sad and sulky looking fellow that looks as if one had pelted him with rotten eggs, Gísl. 39 (in a verse); fullt hús matar og finnast hvergi dyrnar á, a riddle describing an egg; but fullt hús drykkjar og finnast hvergi dyrnar á, the berry: eggja-fata, f. a bucket in which to gather eggs: eggja-kaka, f. an ‘egg-cake,’ omelet: eggja-leit, f. a gathering of eggs, etc.

f., gen. sing. and nom. pl. eggjar, old dat. eggju, mod. egg; [Lat. acies; A. S. ecg; Engl. edge; Hel. eggja; O. H. G. ecka, Germ. ecke, is the same word, although altered in sense; Swed. ägg; Dan. æg]:—an edge, Eg. 181, 183, Nj. 136: the phrase, með oddi ok eggju, with point and edge, i. e. by force of arms, with might and main, Ó. H. ch. 33, Grág. ii. 13, Nj. 149, 625. 34; oddr ok egg, ‘cut and thrust,’ Hom. 33; drepa í egg, to blunt: as the old swords of the Scandinavians were double-edged (only the sax had a single edge), egg is freq. used in pl.; takattu á eggjum, eitr er í báðum, touch not the edges, poison is in both of them, Fas. i. 522 (in a verse); the phrase, deyfa eggjar, vide deyfa: the sword is in poetry called eggjum-skarpr, m. with sharp edges; and the blade, tongue of the hilt, Lex. Poët.; sverðs-eggjar, sword edges; knífs-egg, öxar-egg, the edge of a knife, axe.

2. metaph., fjalls-egg, the ridge of a mountain, Hkr. ii. 44; reisa á egg, to set ( a stone) on its edge, opp. to the flat side, Edda 40: eggja-broddr, m. an edged spike, Fms. x. 355.

f. a cake of cow-dung, Þorf. Karl. 430.

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f. a thin membrane, film.

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f. a thin membrane, film; hann laust hann með líkþrá, svá at ein skán var alt af hvirfli ofan ok niðr á tær, Hom. (St.); myki-skán, a cake of cow-dung, Þorf. Karl. 430.

2. esp. the skin on cooked milk, porridge, or the like; mjólkr-skán, grautar-skán, a common word in Icel.; cp. skæni, skeini.

(sýg; saug or só, sugum; soginn), v. to suck (sveinninn saug hana dauða).

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u, f. [sjúga], a sucking; opt eru tregar kálfsugur, Hallgr.: a cake (dúsa) given to suck (barn-suga).

m. bit, piece, slice.

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a, m. [an almost obsolete word in Icel., but preserved in Engl. tod, a weight of wool = 28 lbs.; a tod is also = a bushel; in Jamieson toddie is a bit of cake; Germ. zotte answers in form to the Norse toddi]:— a tod of wool; toddu gefn, the fairy of the tod, i. e. a woman, Bjarn. (in a verse): a bit, in vinjar-toddi, q. v.; þá eru tveir um toddann, than two go on each piece, cp. Maurer’s Volks. 306; hón gaf aldregi minna enn stóra todda þá hón skyldi fátækum gefa, Dropl. (viz. the large apocryphal Saga).

from ‘kaka’, cake.

f. a cake of cow-dung.