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1 BRUNNR
m.1) spring;2) well.* * *(old form bruðr), m. [Ulf. brunna; A. S. bærne; Scot. and North. E. burn; O. H. G. brunna; Germ. brunn, all of them weak forms, differing from the Scandin.-Icel. brunnr; Dan. brönd; Swed. brunn]:—a spring, well; the well was common to all, high and low, hence the proverbs, (allir) eiga sama til brunns að bera, i. e. ( all) have the same needs, wants, wishes, or the like; allt ber að sama brunni, all turn to the same well, all bear the same way, Grett. 137; seint að byrgja brunninn er barnið er í dottið, it is too late to shut the well when the bairn has fallen in; cp. the Engl. proverb, ‘It is useless to lock the stable door when the steed is stolen.’ In mythol., the brunnr of Mímer (Edda 10, 11) is the well of wisdom, for a draught of which Odin pawned his eye; probably symbolical of the sun sinking into the sea; the pit Hvergelmir (Edda 3) answers to the Gr. Tartarus; Stj. 612, Fms. ii. 83: the word may also be used of running water, though this is not usual in Icel., where distinction is made between brunnr and lækr, Grág. ii. 289, vide brunn-lækr.2. metaph. a spring, fountain; b. hita (the sun), A. A. 5; esp. theol. of God, Christ, b. gæzku, miskunnar …, Greg. 33; með brunni Guðlegrar spekðar, 673 A. 49; b. mælsku, Eluc. 56. -
2 biskups-brunnr
m. a well consecrated by bishop Gudmund, else called Gvendarbrunnar, Bs. -
3 gnótta-brunnr
m. the well of abundance, Stj. 164. Gen. xxvi. 22. -
4 heima-brunnr
m. a home well, Glúm. 390, Sturl. i. 191. -
5 nauta-brunnr
m. a well for watering cattle, Fms. x. 377, Fagrsk. 4. -
6 stöðu-brunnr
m. a well of still water, N. G. L. i. 341, Trist. 11. -
7 uppsprettu-brunnr
m. a well, spring, Stj. 29. -
8 Urðar-brunnr
m. the Weird’s spring, the holy well where the Norns reside, Vsp., Edda; there is a curious passage in an Icel. Christian poem written shortly after the introduction of the new Faith, where Christ is represented as sitting at the well of Urðr in the south, id. (in a verse). -
9 SPRETTA
I)(sprett; spratt, spruttum; sprottinn), v.1) to spring up, issue forth (þar sprettr einn mikill brunnr);spratt honum sveiti í enni, sweat burst out on his forehead;also s. upp (spratt þar vatn upp);2) to start, spring;s. af baki, to spring off horseback;s. á fœtr, s. upp, to start to one’s feet, jump up;spratt upp lássinn, up sprang the lock;spratt henni fótr ok féll hón, she slipped and fell;spratt þat upp af heimamönnum, at, it was rumoured that;3) to sprout, grow, of hair, grass, crops (piltar tveir léku á gólfi; þeim var sprottit hár ór kolli).(-tta, -tt), v.1) to make spring up, unfasten, loosen;s. gjörðum, to ungird;s. frá loku, to unlock;2) to rip open or up (s. saum);ek lét s. berkinum, I had the bark peeled off;Þjálfi spretti á knífi sínum, Th. split the bone with his knife.* * *pres. sprett; pret. spratt, sprazt, spratt, pl. spruttu; subj. sprytti; part. sprottinn: [an iterative from springa; Swed. spritta; Engl. spirt; Germ. spritzen]:—to spirt out, of water; þar sprettr einn brunnr, Ver. 2; spratt þar vatn upp, Edda (pref.); þar spratt upp brunnr, Fms. vii. 251; helli þeim sprettr vatn ór berginu, i. 232; veita vötnum þeim er spretta upp í engi manns, Grág. ii. 289; sá er næstr býr vötnum þeim í héraði, er upp spretta næst líki á fjalli, K. Þ. K. 34; spratt honum sveiti í enni, sweat burst out on his forehead, Nj. 68.2. to start, spring; hann sprettr upp, starts to his feet, Fms. xi. 151, Bs. i. 420; Hrútr vildi upp s. ok fagna henni, Nj. 6; þeir spruttu upp með íllyrðum, 128; hann spratt upp skjótt ok hart, Eg. 717; s. á fætr 129; s. af baki, to spring off horseback, Ld. 220; s. ór snöru, to spring out of a snare, 623. 36; spratt upp lássinn, up sprang the latch, Gullþ. 27; þá sprettr tjaldskörin, Sturl. i. 117; ok sprettr þá láss af limum, Gg.; sprettr mér af fótum fjöturr, Hm.; spruttu honum fætr á jakanum, he slipped, Eb. 238; spratt henni fótr ok féll hón, Bs. i. 385; spratt upp fjándskapr, Sturl. ii. 57; spretta upp af honum einstaka mansöngs-vísur, Fbr. 69; spratt þat upp af heima-mönnum ( it was rumoured), at …, Dropl. 17.3. to sprout, grow, of hair, grass, crops; hárið spratt á sauðum, Þryml. 8; honum var sprottið hár ór kolli, Fms. iii. 125; svá ungr at eigi mun grön sprottin, Sturl. iii. 129; honum var ekki grön sprottin, Ld. 272, v. l.; þá er blómin spruttu, Karl. 546; vel sprottið (illa sprottið) tún; sprottnar engjar, good, bad crops. -
10 brynna
(-ta, -t), v. to water, give water to (brynna nautum).* * *t, [brunnr], to water cattle, with dat. of the beasts; b. nautum, Skálda 163, Dropl. 34. -
11 Gvendr
or Gvöndr, m. a pet proper name from Guð-mundr: sanitary wells are in Icel. called Gvendar-brunnr, m., from bishop Gudmund’s consecrating wells, Bs. i. 450, Ísl. Þjóðs. ii. 27. Gvendar-ber, n., botan. equisetum arvense. Gvendar-grös, n., botan. a kind of weed. -
12 HEILAGR
(acc. helgan (heilagan), pl. helgir (heilagir), &c.), a.1) holy;2) inviolable, sacred.* * *adj., usually contracted before a vowel, whereby the root vowel becomes short, thus helgan, helgir, helgum, helgar, and the definite helgi, helga; but also uncontractcd, esp. in mod. usage, heilagir, heilagan, heilögum, definite heilagi; [Ulf. seems not to have known the word, and renders αγιος etc. by veihs; so also in Dan. and Swed. local names, holy places and temples are marked by a prefixed or suffixed vi-, e. g. Vi-borg, Odens-e (= Óðins-vé): heilagr is derived in a metaph. sense from heill, whole, and is consequently not so old as the primitive vé, veihs; so A. S. hâlag; Engl. holy; Hel. hêlag; Germ. heilig; Dan. hellig; Swed. helig]:I. holy in heathen usage, helgar kindir, holy beings, Vsp. I; hár baðmr heilagr, 19, v. l.; heilög goð, holy gods; ginnheilög goð, Vsp.; heilakt land, Gm. 4; heilög (grind) fyrir helgum dyrum, 22; heilög vötn, 29, Hkv. 2. 1; heilög fjöll (hélug?), Fm. 26; helgu fulli, the holy toast of Odin, i. e. song, poetry, Edda (in a verse); af helgu skutli, from the holy table, Haustl. 4; þat vatn er svá heilakt, at …, Edda 11; brunnr mjök heilagr, 10: in local names, þat fjall kallaði hann Helga-fell, Holy-fell, Eb. 10; at þeir görði lönd sín helgari en aðrar jarðir, 20; ok kallar þá jörð nú eigi helgari en aðra, 24:—heilagir fiskar (mod. heilag-fiski), a halibut, Dan. helle-flynder, Bs. i. 365.2. as a law term (and this is no doubt the original sense of the word), inviolable, one whose person is sacred, who cannot be slain with impunity, esp. within certain boundaries; hann (fjörbaugs-maðr, q. v.) skal heilagr vera at þeim heimilum ok í örskots-helgi við á alla vega, etc., Grág. i. 89; hann er heilagr á þeirri götu ok í örskots-helgi við þá götu, 132; hann verðr eigi heilagr ef eigi var sagt til heimilis hans at féráns-dómi, ok eigi verðr hann heilagr ef eigi gelzk fé þat er þar skyldi gjaldask, 133; hann er jamheilagr á götu er hann ferr til skips, 90, vide Þ. Þ. ch. 33 sqq.; falla óheilagr, to fall unholy, to be slain as an outlaw for whom no weregild was to be paid, Grág. and Sagas passim, cp. the interesting passages in Landn. 5. ch. 4, Sturl. 1. ch. 14; frið-heilagr, ‘peace-holy,’ protected, a term for birds and animals protected by law; úheilagr, outlawed, exlex: closely akin are the above phrases, in which heilagr is used as an epithet of places, h. land, fjöll, etc.II. eccl. holy, Lat. sanctus, Bs. passim, N. T., hymns, sermons, etc.; Heilagr Audi, the Holy Ghost; helgir dagar, holy days; halda heilagt, vide halda; helgir dómar, holy relics; but helgi-dómr, holidom, sanctuarium; heilög orð, holy words; helgir siðir, holy rites; helgar bækr, holy books; helgar tíðir, horae canonicae; helgir menn, saints of the Roman church; Heilagir = Άγιοι, i. e. Christians, N. T.2. of special feasts, Helga Vika, the Holy Week, the week after Whitsuntide, Dipl. iii. to; Nóttin Helga, the Holy Night, cp. Germ. Weihnachten; Helgi Þórs-dagr, Holy Thursday, Fms. ix. -
13 mis-kunn
f., mod. miskun with a single n, [from mis- and kunna; Scot. mis-ken; analogous to Lat. ignoscere = not to know, to overlook, pardon faults, as is duly remarked in Syntagma Baptismi by Jón Ólafsson]:—forgiveness, pardon, mercy, grace; vill Þórólfr gefask upp í mitt vald til miskunnar, Eg. 89; gefask upp á, yðvart vald ok miskunn, Fms. i. 104, Greg. 48, Niðrst. 1; ok eru þeir þá í m. konungs, at the king’s mercy, Gþl. 84; göra miskunn a e-m, to shew mercy to, Stj. 200; miskunnar andi, hugr, heit, augu, brunnr, faðmr, the spirit, mind, promise, eyes, spring, bosom of grace, 242, Greg. 25, 45, 47, Fms. ii. 196, Th. 25; miskunnar dómr, merciful judgment, Sks. 615; m. móðir, mother of mercy, Hom. 121; miskunnar gjöf, gift of grace, Fær. 136, Bs. i. 699: esp. freq. in eccl. usage, N. T., Pass., Vídal.COMPDS: miskunnarfullr, miskunnarlauss, miskunnarleysi, miskunnarmaðr, miskunnarverk. -
14 MÍMIR
m. name of the wise giant of Norse mythology, the keeper of the holy well Mímis-brunnr, m. = the burn of Mimir, the well of wisdom, in which Odin pawned his eye for wisdom, a myth which is explained as symbolical of the heavenly vault with its single eye, the sun, setting in the sea, Vsp. 22. Mímir also occurs in the following compds, hregg-mímir = the ‘tempest-sky,’ and vett-mímir = the top sky = the uppermost heaven, Edda (Gl.), which are among the nine heavens, such as the ancients fancied it, which shews a connection of this name with the sky; Sökk-mímir, the M. of the depth, is the name of a giant (representing the sky of the Inferno?), Gm. Again, another myth says that Odin carried with him the cut off head of the giant Mímir ( Míms-höfuð), which told him all hidden things, Vsp. 47, Yngl. S. ch. 7, Edda: Odin is called Míms-vinr, m. = the friend of Mímir, Stor. Míms-synir, m. pl. the sons of Mímir = the winds (?), Vsp.II. hold-mímir, flesh-maimer (?), is the poët. name of a sword, Edda (Gl.); cp. also Ulf. mimz = κρέας, 1 Cor. viii. 13, (= a chop, butcher’s meat?). ☞ Is the word to be derived from maiming, cutting, and is the likeness to Lat. memor only accidental? cp. also the following word. -
15 NORN
* * *(pl. -ir), f.1) one of (three) Fates (Urðr, Verðandi, Skuld, who dwelt at the well ‘Urðar-brunnr’ and ruled the fate of the world);* * *f., pl. Nornir:— the weird sisters of the old mythology; nornir heita þær er nauð skapa, Edda 113; þessar meyjar skapa mönnum aldr, þær köllu vér nornir, 11, Sdm. 17: sundr-bornar mjök hygg ek at nornir sé, eigut þær ætt saman, Fm. The three heavenly Norns, Urðr, Verðandi, Skuld, dwelt at the well Urðar-brunn, ruled the fate of the world, but three Norns were also present at the birth of every man and cast the weird of his life; nótt var í bæ, nornir kómu, þaer er öðlingi aldr um skópu, Hkv. 1. 2; cp. the Norna Gest Þ., Fb. i. 358; góðar nornir skapa góðan aldr, en þeir menn er fyrir úsköpum verða, þá valda því íllar nornir, Edda 11; rétt skiptu því nornir, the Norns ruled it righteously, Orkn. 18; norna dómr, the doom of the Norns, the weird, Fm. 11; íllr er dómr norna, Fas. i, 508 (in a verse); njóta norna dóms, to fill one’s days, die, Ýt.; norn erumk grirnm, the weird is cruel to me, Eg. (in a verse); norna sköp = norna dómr, fár gengr of sköp norna, a saying, Km. 24: in popular superstition severe hereditary illnesses are called norna sköp, Fél. x. s. v.: norna grey, the Norns’ hounds = wolves, Hm. 30; norna-stóll, a Norn’s chair, Sól. 51 (a dubious passage): in Akv. 16—láta nornir gráta nái, to let the Norns bewail the dead—norn seems to be = fylgju-kona, q. v., as also perh. in Gh. 13: in mod. usage in a bad sense, a hag, witch, álfar ok nornir, ok annat íllþýði, Fas. i. 37; hún er mesta norn, she is a great Norn, of an angry, bad woman; arkaðú á fætr, öldruð norn, Úlf. 1. 73; galdra-norn, a witch: poët., nistis-norn, auð-norn, hlað-norn, = the Norn of these jewels = a woman, Lex. Poët. -
16 skírn
* * ** * *f. [as a translation of the A. S. fulluht, which prop. means cleansing, cp. Engl fuller = bleacher]:—eccl. baptism, christening; skírn görir alla hreina ok skíra, 655 i. 1, K. Þ. K., Bs., in countless instances, old and mod.; heima-s., christening at home; skurðar-s., circumcision; halda barni undir skírn, to stand godfather, Fb. ii. 264; skírnar-hald, the standing godfather, Str. 17; skírnar embætti, -þjónosta, Fms. i. 148, H. E. i. 473, Karl. 204, Stj. 377; skírnar-dagr, 677. 15; skírnar-brunnr (-bruðr), the fount of baptism, Fms. iii. 168, MS. 656 A. ii. 2; skírnar-dropi, Hom. 56; skírnar-ketill, skírnar-munnlaug, a font, Vm. 17, 109; skírnar-Sár, a baptismal font, H. E. i. 473, Vm. 1; skírnar-klæði, baptismal clothing = hvíta-váðir (q. v.), a white garment, Fms. x. 244, Stj. 49, Ó. T. 25, 29; skírnar-nafn, a baptismal name, Bær. 6, Stj. 139; skírnar-steinn, a font, Vm. 38; skírnar-vatn, baptismal water, 655 vii. 2. -
17 spekt
f.1) quietness, peace (gæta e-s með s.);2) wisdom (þeim var eigi gefin hin andliga spekin).* * *older form spekð = speki, quietness, peace; gæta e- með spekt, Sks. 126; spekðar ok hógværis, Fms. x. 408; spektar-maðr, a peace-loving man, K. Á. 48.2. wisdom, Sks. 294, Fms. i. 117, vi. 144; miklaði hann spektina, svá at þeir skildu alla hluti, Edda (pret.); spektar-andi, the spirit of wisdom, Stj. 348; spektar brunnr, Sks. 604; spektar gyðja, Al. 42; spektar ljós. Greg. 30; spektar íþrótt, Al. 42; spektar manr, komask á spektar mun við e-n, to outwit, Lv. 49; spektar nám. Sks. 15; spektar mál, wise words, Fb. ii. 249, Mirm. -
18 spretta
I)(sprett; spratt, spruttum; sprottinn), v.1) to spring up, issue forth (þar sprettr einn mikill brunnr);spratt honum sveiti í enni, sweat burst out on his forehead;also s. upp (spratt þar vatn upp);2) to start, spring;s. af baki, to spring off horseback;s. á fœtr, s. upp, to start to one’s feet, jump up;spratt upp lássinn, up sprang the lock;spratt henni fótr ok féll hón, she slipped and fell;spratt þat upp af heimamönnum, at, it was rumoured that;3) to sprout, grow, of hair, grass, crops (piltar tveir léku á gólfi; þeim var sprottit hár ór kolli).(-tta, -tt), v.1) to make spring up, unfasten, loosen;s. gjörðum, to ungird;s. frá loku, to unlock;2) to rip open or up (s. saum);ek lét s. berkinum, I had the bark peeled off;Þjálfi spretti á knífi sínum, Th. split the bone with his knife.* * *t, a causal to the preceding, to make spring up, unloose; s. gjörðum, to ungird, Ísl. ii. 339, 340; s. belti, Fms. iv. 31; hón spretti frá sér nisti, Bs. i. 337; s. af sér digrum fésjóð. Fms. viii. 141; s. frá loku, to unlock, 332; s. tjaldskörum, Fbr. 65, Fms. vi. 179, Bs. i. 420; sprettir hann upp speldi, Sturl. iii. 295; s. gildru um nætr, to unbend a trap, Gþl. 445.2. to rip up, of a seam; hann spretti af annarri erminni, Fms. vi. 349; s. saum, to rip up a seam; s. upp fati, to rip up an old cloth; Þjálfi spretti á knífi sínum, Th. split the bone with his knife, Edda 28; ek lét spretta berkinum, I peeled off the bark, Al. 173. -
19 upp-rás
f. a rising up; u. elds, an eruption, Bs. i; sólar u., sunrise, Fms. viii. 346, Stj. 68; u. dags, Mar.2. a raid, descent (from ships), Korm. 166, Fas. ii. 196, Fms. i. 100, 166, viii. 380.3. origin; upprás ok æfi þeirra merkismanna, Bs. i. 59, Stj. 44, Skálda 209; brunnr ok u. ( source) hita, sólin, MSS. 415. 9; u. alls úfriðar, Fms. viii. 345. -
20 VELLA
I)(vell; vall, ullum; ollinn), v.1) to be in a state of ebullition, boil (rigndi blóði vellanda);(-da, -dr), v. to prepare or cook by boiling (v. lauk ok grös).f. boiling heat, ebullition.* * *pres. vell; pret. vall; pl. ullu; subj. ylli; part. ollinn; [A. S. weallan; Engl. to well]:—to well over, boil, be at boiling heat; vellanda bik, Fms. vii. 232; rigndi blóði vellanda, Nj. 272; vellanda vatn, Bs. i. 40, Sks. 424; vellanda viðsmjör, 623. 12; vax heitt ok vellanda blý, molten lead, Hom. 100; vellanda gulli, molten gold, 625. 38; tók stálit at vella, Karl. 18; vellr nú ór járni allt þat er deigt er, Þiðr. 79; vellanda katli, Hm. 84; hafit vellr ok geisar, Rb. 444; keldur er æ ok æ vella ákafliga, Sks. 146; sé nú hve sá hverr velli, Gkv. 3. 9; hver vellanda, 6; það vellr og sýðr, of a boiling kettle; brunnr vellr af hita, Al. 51; vellandi reiði, Art.II. metaph. to well up, swarm, esp. of vermin, maggots, or the like; vella möðkum, to swarm with worms; hann vall möðkum, Fms. xi. 280; þat vellr möðkum allt, Hom. (St.); Herodes vall möðkum í hel, Ver. 40; ullu út ór ( swarmed out) ormar ok eyðlur, Hkr. i. 103 (Fms. x. 380); vella vági, to run with matter, Greg. 75, Stj. 617 (of Naaman).III. to cry, scream, of a curlew; spói vall í túni; also of the horse-cuckoo.
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