bribery

by bribery, corruption

ambĭtĭo, ōnis, f. [ambio], a going round.

In the time of the republic, t. t. (v. ambio, II. B.), the going about of candidates for office in Rome, and the soliciting of individual citizens for their vote, a canvassing, suing for office (by just and lawful means;

while ambitus denotes unlawful means, as bribery, threats, etc.): quid de nostris ambitionibus loquar?

Cic. Tusc. 2, 26, 62:

mea me ambitio ab omni illā cogitatione abstrahebat,

id. Sull. 4:

cum ambitionis nostrae tempora postulabant,

id. Planc. 18, 45:

si infinitus forensium rerum labor et ambitionis occupatio decursu honorum etiam aetatis flexu constitisset,

id. de Or. 1, 1, 1:

hic magistratus a populo summā ambitione contenditur,

id. Verr. 2, 53, 131:

tanta exarsit ambitio, ut primores civitatis prensarent homines,

Liv. 3, 35, 1 et saep.—

A.. In gen., a striving for one's favor or good-will; an excessive desire to please, flattery, adulation:

ambitione labi,

Cic. Brut. 69, 244:

sive aliquā suspitione sive ambitione adducti,

id. Clu. 28, 76:

in Scipione ambitio major, vita tristior,

id. Off. 1, 30, 108 Heus., Beier, and Gernh.: Dionysius Platonem magnā ambitione Syracusas perduxit, in an ostentatious manner, for the purpose of securing his favor, Nep. Dion, 2, 2 Br. and Dähn.:

ambitio (i.e. studium Fabiis placendi) obstabat,

Liv. 5, 36:

ambitione relegatā,

without flattery, Hor. S. 1, 10, 84: ambitionem scriptoris facile averseris, obtrectatio et livor pronis auribus accipiuntur, Tac. H. 1, 1:

nullo officii aut ambitionis genere omisso, i.e. nullis blanditiis,

Suet. Oth. 4:

coronas quam parcissime et sine ambitione tribuit,

id. Aug. 25 et saep.—Hence, also partiality:

jus sibi per ambitionem dictum non esse,

Liv. 3, 47.—

With the predom. idea of the purpose or end, a desire for honor, popularity, power, display, etc.; in bon. part., ambition; in mal. part., vanity. —So in Lucr. of the ambitious efforts of men:

Angustum per iter luctantes ambitionis,

struggling to press through the narrow way of ambition, Lucr. 5, 1132:

me ambitio quaedam ad honorum studium duxit,

Cic. Att. 1, 17:

Miserrima omnino est ambitio honorumque contentio,

id. Off. 1, 25:

a quo incepto studioque me ambitio mala detinuerat,

Sall. C. 4, 2:

aut ab avaritiā aut miserā ambitione laborat,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 26:

Vitā solutorum miserā ambitione gravique,

id. ib. 1, 6, 129; so id. ib. 2, 3, 78;

2, 6, 18: inanis,

id. Ep. 2, 2, 207:

levis,

Ov. F. 1, 103 al.:

licet ipsa vitium sit ambitio, tamen frequenter causa virtutum est,

Quint. 1, 2, 22:

perversa,

id. 10, 7, 20:

funerum nulla ambitio,

no display, pomp, Tac. G. 27.—

Great exertion:

cum admitti magnā ambitione aegre obtinuisset,

Just. 1, 3.—

That which surrounds (v. ambio, 2.;

postclass. for ambitus): vimineos alveos circumdant ambitione tergorum bubulorum,

with a wrapping of cowhide, Sol. 22:

fuliginem ambitio extimae cutis cohibet,

id. 35: ita assedimus, ut me ex tribus medium lateris ambitione protegerent, Min. Oct. 4.

ănĭmōsus, a, um, adj. [anima].

Full of air, airy (cf. anima, I. and II. A.):

guttura,

through which the breath passes, Ov. M. 6, 134.—Of the wind. blowing violently:

Eurus,

Verg. G. 2, 441:

ventus,

Ov. Am. 1, 6, 51.—

Full of life, living, animate, of pictures, etc. (cf. anima, II. C.):

Gloria Lysippost animosa effingere signa,

Prop. 4, 8, 9.— Comp., sup., and adv. of 1. animosus not used.

ănĭmōsus, a, um, adj. [animus].

Full of courage, bold, spirited, undaunted (cf. animus, II. B. 2. a.):

mancipia neque formidolosa neque animosa,

Varr. R. R. 1, 17, 3:

in gladiatoriis pugnis timidos odisse solemus, fortes et animosos servari cupimus,

Cic. Mil. 34:

ex quo fit, ut animosior etiam senectus sit quam adulescentia et fortior,

shows more courage and valor, id. Sen. 20 equus, Ov. M. 2, 84; id. Tr. 4, 6, 3:

animosum (equorum) pectus,

Verg. G. 3, 81:

bella,

Ov. F. 5, 59:

Parthus,

Hor. C. 1, 19, 11:

Hector,

id. S. 1, 7, 12:

rebus angustis animosus atque Fortis appare,

id. C. 2, 10, 21:

frigus animosum,

fear coupled with courage, Stat. Th. 6, 395.—

Proud on account of something:

En ego (Latona) vestra parens, vobis animosa creatis,

proud to have borne you, Ov. M. 6, 206:

spoliis,

id. ib. 11, 552.—

Adeo animosus corruptor, that fears or avoids no expense or danger in bribery, * Tac. H. 1, 24.—So, also, emptor animosus, sparing or fearing no expense, Dig. 17, 1, 36 (cf. Suet. Caes. 47: gemmas semper animosissime comparāsse prodiderunt).— Adv. ănĭmōsē, in a spirited manner, courageously, eagerly:

animose et fortiter aliquid facere,

Cic. Phil. 4, 2:

magnifice, graviter animoseque vivere,

independently, id. Off. 1, 26, 92; id. Tusc. 4, 23, 51:

animose liceri,

to bid eagerly, Dig. 10, 2, 29.— Comp.:

animosius dicere,

Sen. Ben. 6, 37:

animosius se gerere,

Val. Max. 8, 2 fin.—Sup.:

gemmas animosissime comparare,

Suet. Caes. 47.

călo (as a very ancient word, with its derivatives also written kălo; v. the letter K), āre, v. a. [cf. Gr. kalô; Engl. call], to call, call out, proclaim, call together, summon, convoke; only as t. t. in reference to religious matters; v. Kalendae, and the ancient formulary in Varr. L. L. 6, § 27 Müll.; cf. Macr. S. 1, 15: calata comitia, a kind of comitia held for the purpose of consecrating a priest or a king. Of these, some were curiata, others centuriata, Laelius Felix ap. Gell. 15, 27 sq.:

Calata in Capitolium plebe,

Macr. S. 1, 15; Quint. 1, 6, 33.—Hence, sarcastically, on account of bribery, calatis granis (instead of comitiis), Cic. Sest. 33, 72 Orell.

cālo, ōnis, m. [kalon, timber for burning or joiner's work; kaiô, to burn], a servant in the army, a soldier ' s servant: calones militum servi dicti, qui ligneas clavas gerebant, quae Graece kala vocant, Paul. ex Fest. pp. 46 and 62 Müll.; Serv. ad Verg. A. 6, 1; cf. Non. p. 62, 16; Veg. Mil. 3, 6; Dict. of Antiq.; so Caes. B. G. 6, 36; Liv. 27, 18, 12; 30, 4, 1; Tac. H. 1, 49; 3, 20 fin.; 3, 33; Suet. Calig. 51; id. Galb. 20.—On account of their stupidity:

sambucam citius caloni aptaveris alto,

Pers. 5, 95.—

Transf.

Any low servant, drudge, Cic. N. D. 3, 5, 11; Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 42; id. S. 1, 2, 44; 1, 6, 103; Sen. Ep. 110, 17.—

Acc. to Isidorus, some called the tragic buskins calones, because they were made of willow, Isid. Orig. 19, 34, 6.

corruptēla ( conr-), ante-class. also corrumptēla, ae, f. [corrumpo], that which corrupts, a corrupting, corruption, seduction, bribery, etc.

Prop. (freq. and class. in sing. and plur.):

mores hac (sc. cantūs) dulcedine corruptelaque depravati,

Cic. Leg. 2, 15, 38:

collapsus est hic in corruptelam suam,

Plaut. Truc. 3, 2, 3:

quem (adulescentulum) corruptelarum illecebris irretisses,

Cic. Cat. 1, 6, 13:

stupra dico et corruptelas et adulteria,

id. Tusc. 4, 35, 75; cf. Suet. Claud. 16:

via una corruptelae Bacchanalia erant,

Liv. 39, 9, 3: malae consuetudinis ( gen. subj.), Cic. Leg. 1, 12, 33: mulierum ( gen. obj.), id. Verr. 2, 2, 54, § 134; cf.

servi,

id. Deiot. 11, 30.—

Meton. (abstr. pro concreto).

A corrupter, seducer, misleader:

nostrūm liberūm,

Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 7:

is apud scortum corrumptelast liberis,

Plaut. As. 5, 2, 17.—

A place of seduction, Front. Aquaed. 76.

corruptĭo ( conr-), ōnis, f [corrumpo].

Act., a corrupting, spoiling, seducing:

militum,

bribery, Tac. A. 11, 2:

judicii,

Ascon. ad Cic. Verr. 1, 6, 15, p. 131 Bait. — Absol.:

eo usque corruptionis provectus est, ut, etc.,

Tac. A. 2, 55.—

Pass., a corrupt condition, corruption (very rare):

totius corporis,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 13, 29.—

Trop.:

opinionum,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 13, 29.

con-scrībo, psi, ptum, 3, v. a.; lit., to write together, i. e.,

To write together in a roll or list, to enroll; very freq. as a milit. t. t., of the levying of troops, Caes. B. G. 1, 10; 1, 24; 2, 2; 2, 8 et saep.; Lentul. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 15, 7:

cohortes veteranas tumulti causā,

Sall. C. 59, 5:

inter septimanos conscribi,

Tac. H. 3, 25:

inter nostros,

Vulg. 1 Macc. 13, 40:

conscripti in Ciliciam legiones,

Suet. Caes. 8; 24; id. Galb. 10:

exercitum adversum aliquem,

Val. Max. 5, 4, 5.—And of the enrolment of colonists:

decrevit senatus, ut C. Lentulus consul sex milia familiarum conscriberet, quae in eas colonias dividerentur,

Liv. 37, 46, 10.—So of enrolling in a particular class of citizens, to inscribe, choose:

eodem tempore et centuriae tres equitum conscriptae sunt,

Liv. 1, 13, 8.—So the frequently occurring title of senators: Patres Conscripti (prop. Patres, conscripti, i. e. Patres et conscripti), chosen, elect, assembled fathers (lit. fathers and elect):

traditum inde (sc. post reges exactos) fertur, ut in Senatum vocarentur, qui Patres quique Conscripti essent: Conscriptos videlicet in novum senatum appellabant lectos,

Liv. 2, 1, 11; cf. Fest. p. 254, 22 Müll.; Paul. ex Fest. p. 7, 5, and p. 41, 13 ib.; Cic. Cat. 1, 11, 27; id. Planc. 35, 87; Nep. Hann. 12, 2; Liv. 3, 52, 6; 6, 26, 4; Dict. of Antiq.;

and in imitation of this: di conscripti,

App. M. 6, p. 182, 35.—In a play upon words (censured by Quint.): ne Patres conscripti videantur circumscripti, Auct. ap. Quint. 9, 3, 72.—Also in sing., of one senator:

pater conscriptus,

Cic. Phil. 13, 13, 28; and absol., poet. in sing.: conscriptus, i, m., a senator: quod sit conscripti, quod judicis officium, * Hor. A. P. 314.—So also of the enrolling of the people for the purpose of bribery, Cic. Planc. 18, 45; 19, 47; id. Sest. 15, 34:

rex me opere oravit maximo ut sibi latrones cogerem et conscriberem,

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 76.—

To put together in writing, to draw up, compose, write (class.).

With acc.:

librum de consulatu, etc.,

Cic. Brut. 35, 132; cf. Nep. Lys. 4, 2:

volumen,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 35, 101:

Topica Aristotelea,

id. Fam. 7, 19 init.; Ov. P. 2, 9, 73:

lepidas tabellas,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 26:

epistulam,

Cic. Att. 13, 50, 1:

syngraphum inter me et amicam,

Plaut. As. 4, 1, 1:

imaginem,

to delineate, sketch, Stat. S. 3, 1, 117:

legem (consules),

to draw up, Cic. Att. 4, 1, 7; cf.

edicta,

Suet. Tit. 6:

condiciones,

Liv. 26, 24, 8; cf. id. 29, 12, 15:

foedus,

id. 41, 24, 15:

testamentum,

Suet. Claud. 44:

fortunas alterius litteris,

Cic. Clu. 66, 186.—

With rel.-clause:

cum pluribus conscripsisset, qui esset optimus rei publicae status,

Cic. Fin. 5, 4, 11 Madv. N. cr. —

With de:

(illi), de quibus audivi et legi et ipse conscripsi,

Cic. Sen. 23, 83; id. Att. 12, 19, 2; Quint. 2, 11, 24:

de ratione dicendi,

Auct. Her. 1, 1, 1.—

With acc. and inf.: ut in ordinem se coactum conscriberet, write down, notice that he should be, etc., Suet. Claud. 38: omni personae quam dotem suscepisse cum marito conscribitur, Cod. Just. 5, 15, 3.—

Esp., of physicians, to prescribe:

pro salutaribus mortifera,

Cic. Leg. 2, 5, 13.—

Meton., to write something all over, to fill with writing (rare; mostly poet.):

mensam vino,

Ov. Am. 2, 5, 17; cf.: epistolium lacrimis, * Cat. 68, 2.— Humorously, to mark by beating, to cudgel:

conscribere aliquem totum stilis ulmeis,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 132; cf. conscribillo.—

With in and abl., to write upon, mark upon:

signum sanguinis id est crucis in suā fronte,

Lact. 4, 26, 39.

corruptēla ( conr-), ante-class. also corrumptēla, ae, f. [corrumpo], that which corrupts, a corrupting, corruption, seduction, bribery, etc.

Prop. (freq. and class. in sing. and plur.):

mores hac (sc. cantūs) dulcedine corruptelaque depravati,

Cic. Leg. 2, 15, 38:

collapsus est hic in corruptelam suam,

Plaut. Truc. 3, 2, 3:

quem (adulescentulum) corruptelarum illecebris irretisses,

Cic. Cat. 1, 6, 13:

stupra dico et corruptelas et adulteria,

id. Tusc. 4, 35, 75; cf. Suet. Claud. 16:

via una corruptelae Bacchanalia erant,

Liv. 39, 9, 3: malae consuetudinis ( gen. subj.), Cic. Leg. 1, 12, 33: mulierum ( gen. obj.), id. Verr. 2, 2, 54, § 134; cf.

servi,

id. Deiot. 11, 30.—

Meton. (abstr. pro concreto).

A corrupter, seducer, misleader:

nostrūm liberūm,

Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 7:

is apud scortum corrumptelast liberis,

Plaut. As. 5, 2, 17.—

A place of seduction, Front. Aquaed. 76.

corruptēla ( conr-), ante-class. also corrumptēla, ae, f. [corrumpo], that which corrupts, a corrupting, corruption, seduction, bribery, etc.

Prop. (freq. and class. in sing. and plur.):

mores hac (sc. cantūs) dulcedine corruptelaque depravati,

Cic. Leg. 2, 15, 38:

collapsus est hic in corruptelam suam,

Plaut. Truc. 3, 2, 3:

quem (adulescentulum) corruptelarum illecebris irretisses,

Cic. Cat. 1, 6, 13:

stupra dico et corruptelas et adulteria,

id. Tusc. 4, 35, 75; cf. Suet. Claud. 16:

via una corruptelae Bacchanalia erant,

Liv. 39, 9, 3: malae consuetudinis ( gen. subj.), Cic. Leg. 1, 12, 33: mulierum ( gen. obj.), id. Verr. 2, 2, 54, § 134; cf.

servi,

id. Deiot. 11, 30.—

Meton. (abstr. pro concreto).

A corrupter, seducer, misleader:

nostrūm liberūm,

Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 7:

is apud scortum corrumptelast liberis,

Plaut. As. 5, 2, 17.—

A place of seduction, Front. Aquaed. 76.

corruptĭo ( conr-), ōnis, f [corrumpo].

Act., a corrupting, spoiling, seducing:

militum,

bribery, Tac. A. 11, 2:

judicii,

Ascon. ad Cic. Verr. 1, 6, 15, p. 131 Bait. — Absol.:

eo usque corruptionis provectus est, ut, etc.,

Tac. A. 2, 55.—

Pass., a corrupt condition, corruption (very rare):

totius corporis,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 13, 29.—

Trop.:

opinionum,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 13, 29.

dĕcŭrĭo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [decuria], to divide into decuriae.

Prop.:

equites decuriati, centuriati pedites,

Liv. 22, 38, v. preced. art.—Esp. to divide the people into companies or clubs for purposes of bribery and corruption:

servorum delectus habebatur... cum vicatim homines conscriberentur, decuriarentur,

Cic. Sest. 15:

decuriasse Plancium, conscripsisse, etc.,

id. Planc. 18, 45; cf. ib. 19, 47; id. Phil. 7, 6, 18; id. Q. Fr. 2, 3, 5, and v. decuriatio.—

Trop.:

vertex incrementis lustralibus decuriatus,

i. e. of a man ten lustres old, Mart. Cap. 1, p. 1.

dĕcŭrĭo, ōnis (also DECURES decuriones, Paul. ex Fest. p. 71, 22, and 75, 9 Müll.;

and DECVRIONVS, the same,

ib. 49, 16), m. [id.], the head or chief of a decuria, a decurion. The name was first given by Romulus to the head of the tenth part of a curia (cf. Nieb. Röm. Gesch. 1, p. 354). In the army, the commander of a decuria of cavalry, Varr. L. L. 5, § 91 Müll.; Veget. Mil. 2, 14; Caes. B. C. 1, 23; 1, 13; Tac. A. 13, 40; id. H. 2, 29. After the extension of the Roman dominion, the members of the senate of the municipia and the colonies were called decuriones, Dig. 50, 16, 239; 50, 2; Cod. Just. 10, 31; Cic. Sest. 4, 10; id. Rosc. Am. 9, 25; id. Clu. 14, 41; Vulg. Marc. 15, 43.—Sometimes i. q. praefectus, applied to the overseer of the persons employed in any duty about the court, e. g. a head-chamberlain:

cubiculariorum,

Suet. Dom. 17, PROCVLVS DECVRIO GERMANORVM (i. e. custodum corporis) TI. GERMANICI, Inscr. Orell. 2923.

dōnum, i, n. [do], a gift, present.

In gen., Plaut. Am. prol. 138 sq.; id. Most. 1, 3, 27 sq.; id. Mil. 4, 2, 26; Cic. Clu. 9 fin.; id. Tusc. 5, 7, 20; id. Lael. 15, 55 et saep.:

dona mittunt et munera,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 121; so with munus (usu. dona muneraque, = bribery), id. Cist. 1, 1, 95; Cic. Clu. 24, 66; id. Arch. 8, 18; id. de Or. 2, 71; id. de Sen. 12, 40; Dig. 38, 1, 7 al.—

In partic.

A present brought to a deity, a votive offering, sacrifice, Plaut. Rud. prol. 23; Lucr. 4, 1237; 6, 752; Cic. Rep. 2, 24 fin.; Liv. 2, 23; 5, 25; Verg. A. 3, 439 et saep.; cf.

turea,

offerings of incense, Verg. A. 6, 225.—

Ultima or suprema dona, the last honors, funeral rites, obsequies, Ov. H. 7, 192; Val. Fl. 2, 471; Sen. Hippol. 1273.

călo (as a very ancient word, with its derivatives also written kălo; v. the letter K), āre, v. a. [cf. Gr. kalô; Engl. call], to call, call out, proclaim, call together, summon, convoke; only as t. t. in reference to religious matters; v. Kalendae, and the ancient formulary in Varr. L. L. 6, § 27 Müll.; cf. Macr. S. 1, 15: calata comitia, a kind of comitia held for the purpose of consecrating a priest or a king. Of these, some were curiata, others centuriata, Laelius Felix ap. Gell. 15, 27 sq.:

Calata in Capitolium plebe,

Macr. S. 1, 15; Quint. 1, 6, 33.—Hence, sarcastically, on account of bribery, calatis granis (instead of comitiis), Cic. Sest. 33, 72 Orell.

cālo, ōnis, m. [kalon, timber for burning or joiner's work; kaiô, to burn], a servant in the army, a soldier ' s servant: calones militum servi dicti, qui ligneas clavas gerebant, quae Graece kala vocant, Paul. ex Fest. pp. 46 and 62 Müll.; Serv. ad Verg. A. 6, 1; cf. Non. p. 62, 16; Veg. Mil. 3, 6; Dict. of Antiq.; so Caes. B. G. 6, 36; Liv. 27, 18, 12; 30, 4, 1; Tac. H. 1, 49; 3, 20 fin.; 3, 33; Suet. Calig. 51; id. Galb. 20.—On account of their stupidity:

sambucam citius caloni aptaveris alto,

Pers. 5, 95.—

Transf.

Any low servant, drudge, Cic. N. D. 3, 5, 11; Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 42; id. S. 1, 2, 44; 1, 6, 103; Sen. Ep. 110, 17.—

Acc. to Isidorus, some called the tragic buskins calones, because they were made of willow, Isid. Orig. 19, 34, 6.

largītĭo, ōnis, f. [largior], a giving freely, a granting, bestowing, dispensing, distributing, imparting.

Lit.

In gen. (class.):

largitio, quae fit ex re familiari, fontem ipsum benignitatis exhaurit,

Cic. Off. 2, 15, 52:

largitione redemit militum voluntates,

Caes. B. C. 1, 39 fin.:

his pauca ad spem largitionis addidit,

id. ib. 2, 28:

maximas largitiones fecit,

id. ib. 3, 31:

largitio et communicatio civitatis,

a granting, Cic. Balb. 13, 31:

aequitatis,

a distributing, dispensing, id. Mur. 20, 41.—Prov.:

largitio fundum non habet,

there is no end of giving, Cic. Off. 2, 15, 55; v. fundus.—

In partic., in a bad sense.

Bribery, corruption, esp. to obtain a public office:

liberalitatem ac benignitatem ab ambitu atque largitione sejungere,

Cic. de Or. 2, 25, 55:

tribum turpi largitione corrumpere,

id. Planc. 15, 37:

tribus largitione devinctas habere,

id. ib.:

perniciosa,

id. Mur. 37, 80:

profusissima,

Suet. Caes. 13:

nullum largitionis genus omisit,

id. ib. 26.—

Profusion, prodigality:

nullius rei, minime beneficiorum, honesta largitio est,

Sen. Ben. 1, 2, 1.—

Meton., concr., largitiones, the imperial treasury, public chest, or imperial fund for presents and distributions, Eutr. 8, 13; Cod. Just. 7, 62, 21;

both sacrae (for public or state purposes) and privatae (for personal outlay),

id. 10, 23, 2; Cod. Th. 12, 6, 13.

līs, lītis (old form stlis, stlitis, like stlocus for locus; cf. Quint. 1, 4, 16), f. [root star-, in sterno; cf. Germ. streiten, to contend], a strife, dispute, quarrel.

In gen.:

si quis pugnam expectat, litis contrahat,

Plaut. Capt. prol. 63:

philosophi aetatem in litibus conterunt,

Cic. Leg. 1, 20, 53:

grammatici certant et adhuc sub judice lis est,

Hor. A. P. 78:

morsus litibus alternis dati,

Prop. 4 (5), 5, 39:

semper habet lites alternaque jurgia lectus In quo nupta jacet,

Juv. 6, 268.— Transf., of inanimate things:

lis est cum formā magna pudicitiae,

Ov. H. 16, 288; id. F. 1, 107.—

In partic.

A charge, an accusation:

accipito hanc tute ad te litem... Fac ego ne metuam mihi, atque ut tu meam timeas vicem,

Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 23. —

A lawsuit, an action or process at law:

nam mihi tris hodie litis judicandas dicito,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 10: hodie juris coctiores [p. 1071] non sunt, qui litis creant, Quam sunt hice, qui, si nihil est litium, litis serunt, id. Poen. 3, 2, 9 sq.; Cic. de Or. 3, 28, 109:

repetere ac persequi lite atque judicio aliquid,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 13, § 32:

litem alicui intendere,

id. de Or. 1, 10, 42:

in inferendis litibus,

id. Rab. Post. 4, 10:

contestari,

id. Att. 16, 15, 2:

obtinere aut amittere,

id. Rosc. Com. 4, 10:

orare,

id. Off. 3. 10, 43:

sedare,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 57, § 132:

secare,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 42:

perdere,

Gai. Inst. 4, 30:

in litibus aestimandis,

in suits for damages, Cic. Clu. 41, 116; id. Rab. Post. 4, 9:

lis capitis,

a prosecution involving life, a capital charge, id. Clu. 41, 116:

aestimationem litium non esse judicium,

an appraisal of damages, id. ib.; cf. id. Rab. Post. 5, 11:

cum in eum litis aestimares,

id. ib. 5, 12:

quod vulgo dicitur, e lege Julia litem anno et sex mensibus mori,

Gai. Inst. 4, 104.—

In the phrase: litem suam facere, to make the cause his own, said,

Litem suam facere, of an advocate who neglects the cause of his client and seeks his own advantage:

quid, si cum pro altero dicas, litem tuam facias?

Cic. de Or. 2, 75, 305.—

Also of a judge who, out of favor or through bribery, pronounces an unjust sentence, or who turns aside from the questions strictly before him to express his own opinions or feelings through the judgment: debet enim judex attendere, ut cum certae pecuniae condemnatio posita sit, neque majoris neque minoris summa petita nummo condemnet, alioquin litem suam facit;

item si taxatio posita sit, ne pluris condemnet quam taxatum sit, alias enim similiter litem suam facit,

Gai. Inst. 2, 52:

si judex litem suam fecerit,

Dig. 44, 7, 4, § 4; cf. ib. 5, 1, 15; so, trop.: nam et Varro satis aperte, quid dicere oporteret, edocuit;

et ego adversus eum, qui doctus esse dicebatur, litem meam facere absens nolui,

Gell. 10, 1.—

Also of a judge who does not appear on the day appointed: inde ad comitium vadunt, ne litem suam faciant, C. Titius ap. Macr. S. 2, 12.—

The subject of an action at law, the matter in dispute:

quibus res erat in controversia, ea vocabatur lis,

Varr. L. L. 7, § 93 Müll.:

illud mihi mirum videri solet, tot homines statuere non potuisse, utrum rem an litem dici oporteret,

Cic. Mur. 12, 27:

lites severe aestimatae,

id. ib. 20, 42:

quo minus secundum eas tabulas lis detur, non recusamus,

id. Rosc. Com. 1, 3:

de tota lite pactionem facere,

id. ib. 14, 40:

in suam rem litem vertere,

Liv. 3, 72:

litem lite resolvere,

to explain one obscure thing by another equally so, Hor. S. 2, 3, 103.

prĕtĭum, ii, n. [Sanscr. root par-, pana (for parna), wager, loan; Gr. pi-praskô, to sell; priamai, to buy; cf. pornos], that for or by which any thing is bought or sold (class.).

Lit., money spent for any thing:

nil pretio parsit, filio dum parceret,

Plaut. Capt. prol. 32:

femina... urbem Exiguam pretio posuit,

for money has founded a small city, Verg. A. 4, 211:

vectigalia parvo pretio redempta habere,

for little money, cheaply, Caes. B. G. 1, 18:

pretio mercari ordinem senatorium,

to purchase, to gain with money, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 49, § 122:

permutare pretio noluit, aliāve merce,

Plin. 9, 55, 81, § 171.—

In gen., money, wealth, etc. ( poet.), Ov. P. 2, 8, 6:

in pretio pretium nunc est,

id. F. 1, 217:

converso in pretium deo,

i. e. into a shower of gold, Hor. C. 3, 16, 8.—

Transf., worth, value, price.

In gen.: nec mi aurum posco nec mi pretium dederitis, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. v. 200 Vahl.):

pretium statuere merci,

to set, fix, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 133:

pretium certum constituere,

Cic. Att. 12, 33, 1:

enumerare,

id. Rosc. Am. 46, 133:

pacisci pro re aliquā,

to agree upon, settle, id. Off. 3, 29, 107:

exsolvere,

Plaut. Men. 5, 6, 26:

quibus hic pretiis porci veneunt?

at what prices are they sold here? id. ib. 2, 2, 15:

vendere aliquid pretio suo,

id. Pers. 4, 4, 30; id. Ps. 1, 2, 36:

parare sibi pretio aliquid,

id. Merc. 2, 3, 7:

multi extulerunt eorum pretia,

Varr. R. R. 3, 6, 6:

jacent pretia praediorum,

are low, down, fallen, Cic. Rosc. Com. 12, 33.—

Esp.

In phrases: magni, parvi pretii esse, to be high or low in price, of much or little worth, of great or of small value:

nullus est tam parvi pretii, quin,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 60:

ne tu habes servum graphicum, et quantivis pretii!

id. Ep. 3, 3, 29:

agrum majoris pretii nemo habet,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 12:

noli spectare, quanti homo sit: parvi enim pretii est, qui jam nihil est,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 2, 4:

de illis potissimum jactura fit, quia pretii minimi sunt,

Sall. Or. ad Caes. 2, 9: pretium habere, to have a value, to be worth something:

vendat oleum, si pretium habeat,

Cato, R. R. 2, 7:

annona porro pretium nisi in calamitate fructuum non habet,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 98, § 227; but also: pretium habere, to have a price, be for sale:

quis ignorat quin id longe sit liberalibus disciplinis dignissimum, non vendere operam: cum pleraque hoc ipso possint videri vilia, quod pretium habent,

Quint. 12, 7, 8; hence: pretium non habere, to have no price, be above price (late Lat.):

nihil esse pretiosius, immo eum pretium non habere testatur,

Aug. Serm. 36, 8: in pretio esse, to be of worth, value, or estimation, to be in repute:

tum coquus in pretio esse (coeptus),

Liv. 39, 6, 9:

nec in pretio fertilis hortus erat,

Ov. F. 5, 316; Plin. 33, 1, 6, § 22: in pretio habere, to regard as of value:

in magno pretio habere,

Sen. Ep. 75, 11:

aurum et argentum in pretio habent,

Tac. G. 5;

for which cf.: pudebat libertatis majus esse apud feminas quam apud viros pretium,

Curt. 8, 2, 28: pretium facere, to fix or set a price or value; of a seller: indica, fac pretium. Do. Tua merx est;

tua indicatio est,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 37;

of a purchaser: quis faceret pretium, nisi qui sua perdere vellet Omnia?

Mart. 1, 86, 7; Dig. 10, 3, 19.—

Wages, reward (mostly poet.):

pro pretio facio ut opera appareat,

Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 59:

operam Epidici nunc me emere pretio pretioso velim,

id. Ep. 1, 2, 17:

reddere alicui pro benefactis,

id. Capt. 5, 1, 20:

palmae pretium victoribus,

Verg. A. 5, 111.—

Trop., worth, value:

quales ex hac die experiundo cognovit, perinde operae eorum pretium faceret,

would estimate their services, Liv. 27, 17:

sive aliquod morum Est pretium,

Ov. Tr. 1, 9, 43: corticis etiam ad medicamenta pretium est, Plin, 12, 25, 54, § 118; 12, 19, 43, § 95.—

Transf., pay, hire, wages, reward, price (cf.: stipendium, merces).

In a good sense: majores seorsum atque diversum pretium paravere bonis atque strenuis, decurionatus... aliosque honores, Cato ap. Fest. s. v. optionatus, p. 201 Müll.; so,

= praemium (opp. poena), ita et pretium recte facti triumphum haberet L. Paulus pro egregie bello gesto,

Liv. 45, 37, 5:

ut pretium honoremque debito beneficio addat,

id. 45, 14, 1:

cum pro cujusque merito consul pretia poenasque exsolvisset,

id. 26, 40, 15 Weissenb. ad loc.:

satis ampla pretia,

prizes, id. 21, 43, 6:

virtutum pretium,

Sen. Clem. 1, 1, 1.— Plur.: tam longā valetudine conflictabatur, ut haec tanta pretia vivendi mortis rationibus vincerentur, rewards of living, i. e. motives for living, Plin. Ep. 1, 12, 4.—Esp. in phrase pretium curae, and more freq. pretium operae, a reward for trouble:

mihi visum est pretium curae, ipsum, senatus consultum quaerere,

seemed to me worth the trouble, worth while, Plin. Ep. 8, 6, 2:

est pretium curae cognoscere, etc.,

Juv. 6, 474: facturusne operae pretium sim, etc.,... nec satis scio, what will pay for the trouble, Liv. praef.:

operae pretium habent libertatem, civitatemque,

id. 25, 6; 21, 43: audire est operae pretium, etc., Enn. ap. Acron. ad Hor. S. 1, 2, 37 (Ann. v. 454 Vahl.); so Liv. 3, 26, 7: reddere opis pretium pro factis, Enn. ap. Sen. Ep. 108 (Epigr. v. 6 Vahl.):

quo in genere est operae pretium diligentiam majorum recordari,

it is worth while, Cic. Agr. 2, 27, 73:

captā urbe, operae pretium fore,

Sall. J. 81, 2;

so without operae (post-Aug.): Germanico pretium fuit convertere agmen,

thought it of importance, Tac. A. 1, 57:

ni pretium foret Pisonis sententias noscere,

were it not worth while, were it not of importance, id. ib. 2, 35:

posse eum, si operae pretium faciat, principem popularium esse,

if he does any thing worth while, any thing of importance, Liv. 25, 30: duos servos ad hostes transfugisse et operae pretium fecisse, have done valuable service, Quadrig. ap. Sen. Ben. 3, 23:

scriptor minime utilis, cujus libro adtingere nullum pretium operae sit,

Gell. 12, 2, 1; so,

operis pretium est,

Sil. 16, 45.—

In a bad sense (i. q. poena), reward, punishment, like the Gr. timê, misthos ( poet.): si malos imitabor, tum pretium pro noxā dabis, Liv. And. ap. Non. 365, 27:

verbera, compedes, molae... haec pretia sunt ignaviae,

Plaut. Men. 5, 6, 10:

ego pretium ob stultitiam fero,

Ter. And. 3, 5, 4:

et peccare nefas, aut pretium est mori,

Hor. C. 3, 24, 24:

ille crucem pretium sceleris tulit, hic diadema,

Juv. 13, 105.—Of bribery:

adduci pretio ad hominem condemnandum,

Cic. Caecil. 10, 29:

pretio judicem corrumpere,

id. ib. 25, 72:

nec prece, nec pretio a rectā viā deduci,

Auct. Her. 3, 3, 4.

sĕquester, tris (orig. form sequester, tri. ante- and post - class., and in the poets), m. [id.], jurid. t. t., a depositary, trustee, into whose hands the thing contested was placed until the dispute was settled:

sequester dicitur, apud quem plures eandem rem, de quă controversia est, deposuerunt,

Dig. 50, 16, 110: nunc ut apud sequestrum vidulum posivimus, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 898 P.; Dig. 16, 3, 33:

tu istunc hodie non feres, nisi das sequestrum aut arbitrum, Quoius haec res arbitratu fiat,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 65:

jam sequestri placebant,

Petr. 14, 4:

cum sequestro recte agetur depositi sequestrariā actione,

Dig. 16, 3, 12; cf.: in sequestrum depositi actio competit;

si tamen cum sequestro convenit, ut, etc.,

ib. 16, 3, 5.— Subst.: sĕ-questrum, i (rarely sĕquestre, is), n., the deposit of a subject of dispute with a third person: vitulum hic apponite: ego servabo quasi sequestro detis: neutri reddibo, donicum res judicata erit haec, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 692 P.:

sequestro data,

id. Merc. 4, 3, 36:

sequestro ponere: quod apud sequestrem depositum erat, sequestro positum per adverbium dicebant,

Gell. 20, 11, 5:

aut ad arbitrum redditur aut sequestro ponitur,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 79;

and in later jurid. Lat.: in sequestro deponere (aliquid),

to put in sequestration, Dig. 16, 3, 6. —Form sequestre: pecuniam sequestre [p. 1677] ponere, Dig. 16, 3, 33: in sequestri deponere, Ps. - Ascon. ad Cic. Verr. 1, 12.—

Transf.

In cases of bribery of judges, electors, etc., an agent or go-between, with whom the money promised was deposited (so always in Cic.; cf.

internuntius): aut sequestres aut interpretes corrumpendi judicii,

Cic. Verr. 1, 12, 36; so (with interpres) id. ib. 2, 2, 44, § 108; Quint. 12, 8, 4:

venditor et corruptor et sequester,

Cic. Planc. 16, 38; 19, 48:

aliquo sequestre in indice corrumpendo uti,

id. Clu. 8, 25; 26, 72:

adulter, impudicus, sequester, convicium est, non accusatio,

id. Cael. 13, 30:

candidatus per sequestrem agit,

Sen. Ep. 118, 3:

gregarii,

Amm. 15, 5, 31.—

After the Aug. period, a mediator.

Lit.:

Menenius Agrippa, qui inter patres et plebem publicae gratiae sequester fuit,

Sen. Cons. ad Helv. 12, 4:

pacis,

Sil. 6, 347; Luc. 10, 472:

ego sequester et medius fui,

Vulg. Deut. 5, 5.—In this sense also a fem. form, sĕquestra, ae, a mediatress:

ubi nunc fidei pacisque sequestra Mater eras?

Stat. Th. 7, 542:

anus quaedam stupri sequestra et adulterorum internuntia,

App. M. 9, p. 224, 1;

and, in apposition: bis senos pepigere dies et pace sequestrā Per silvas Teucri mixtique impune Latini Erravere jugis,

i. e. under the protection of the truce, Verg. A. 11, 133; so,

pace sequestrā,

Stat. Th. 2, 425.—

Trop., a means of negotiating, i. e. price, etc.:

qui suam pudicitiam sequestrem perjurii fieri passi sunt,

Val. Max. 9, 1, 7.