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be+raised+in+some+place

  • 1 raise

    1. III
    1) raise smth., smb. raise a suitcase (a chair, a stone. an overturned lamp, etc.) поднять чемодан и т.д.; the weight is too heavy, I can't raise it груз слишком тяжелый, я не могу его поднять; she slipped and the children raised her она поскользнулась, и дети ее подняли; raise a submarine (a sunken ship, etc.) поднять на поверхность подводную лодку и т.д.
    2) raise smth. raise a blind (a window, etc.) поднимать жалюзи и т.д.; raise the bonnet /the hood/ поднимать канет [автомобиля]: raise the lid поднимать /открывать/ крышку; raise one's veil (приподнимать вуаль; they raised the curtain они подняли занавес; raise a cloud of dust поднять /взметнуть/ облако пыли
    3) raise smth. raise one's eyes поднять глаза (на ком-л.); raise one's eyebrows поднимать брови (в знак изумления и т.п.); he raised his head and looked at me он поднял голову и взглянул /посмотрел/ на меня; if you want a ticket, please raise your hand кто хочет билет, пусть поднимет руку; when she came by he raised his hat когда она прошла мимо, он приподнял шляпу; raise a flag поднимать флаг
    4) raise smth. raise anchor поднимать якорь, сниматься с якоря; raise sail поднимать паруса; raise [а] camp сняться с привала /со стоянки/; свернуть лагерь
    5) raise smth. raise prices (the value of tile franc, a tariff, the rent, wages, a salary, one's income, revenue, etc.) повышать /увеличивать/ цены и т. а.; raise the temperature поднимать /повышать/ температуру; raise steam tech. поднять пары в котле
    6) raise smth. raise one's voice повышать голос; raise the volume of a radio увеличивать /повышать/ громкость радиоприема
    7) raise smth. the news raised his spirits от этой новости у него улучшилось настроение; the good news raised their hopes хорошие новости воскресили в них надежду
    8) raise with. raise a question (an issue, a [new] point, etc.) ставить /поднимать, выдвигать/ вопрос и т.д.; raise objections возражать, выдвигать возражения; raise a protest заявлять протест; raise a claim (a demand, etc.) предъявлять претензию и т.д.; the crowd raised a cheer толпа разразилась аплодисментами; raise difficulties чинить препятствия, создавать трудности; raise a quarrel затевать ссору; raise a disturbance /а row/ учинять скандал /неприятность/; поднимать шум; raise a revolt (a riot, a rebellion, a mutiny) поднимать восстание и т.д.
    9) raise smth. raise laughter (a smile, a controversy, a storm of protests, a menacing murmur, etc.) вызывать смех и т.д.; his jokes always raised a laugh его шутки неизменно вызывали смех; raise suspicion (smb.'s hopes, expectations, desires, etc.) возбуждать /вызывать/ подозрение и т.д.; the sight raised memories это зрелище пробудило /воскресило/ воспоминания; raise a prejudice порождать предрассудки /предубеждение/; raise a blush заставлять краснеть; there is nothing like walking for raising a thirst ничто так не вызывает жажду, как ходьба; raise a blister coll. натереть волдырь; these shoes always raise blisters в этой обуви обязательно сотрешь себе ноги; raise a bump сон. набить шишку
    10) raise smth. raise an embargo (a quarantine, a ban, etc.) отменять эмбарго и т.д.: raise a siege снимать осаду; raise a blockade снимать или прорывать блокаду
    11) raise smth. USA raise corn (wheat, vegetables, flowers, crops, etc.) выращивать кукурузу и т.д.; raise smb. raise cattle (poultry, sheep, fowl, horses, prize-winning terriers, etc.) разводить крупный рогатый скот и т.д.; she raised five children она вырастила пятерых детей
    12) raise smth. offic. raise a building (a house, a palace, a temple, a lighthouse, etc.) возводить /сооружать/ здание и т.д.; raise a monument (a statue, etc.) воздвигать / ставить/ памятник и т.д.; raise a bank насыпать вал
    13) raise smth. raise taxes (a tax, rent, rates) собирать /взимать/ налоги и т.д.; raise a subscription собирать (деньги) по подписке; raise money (funds, etc.) собирать /добывать/ деньги и т.д.; how large a sum did they raise? какую сумму они собрали?; raise a fleet (a committee, a search party, etc.) создавать флот и т.д.; raise troops набирать войска; raise a unit формировать часть /подразделение/
    2. IV
    raise smth. in some manner raise smth. slowly (carefully, carelessly, etc.) поднимать что-л. медленно и т.д., raise smth. at some time the chair fell over, so he raised it again стул опрокинулся, поэтому он снова его поднял
    3. V
    1) raise smth. some distance raise a wall three feet (a table three inches, etc.) поднять стену на три фута и т.д.
    2) raise smth. a certain amount raise the price of a loaf a penny поднять цену на одни пенс на буханку хлеба
    4. VII
    raise smb., smth. to do smth. raise smb. to defend smth. поднять кого-л. на защиту чего-л.; they raised money to help the homeless они собирали деньги, чтобы помочь лишившимся крова; he didn't raise a finger to help us он и пальцем не пошевельнул, чтобы помочь нам
    5. XI
    2) be raised when the curtain was raised когда подняли /поднялся/ занавес
    3) be raised do you think their wages aught to be raised? вы не думаете, что им следует повысить заработную плату /их заработная плата должна быть повышена/?
    4) be raised in smth. their voices were raised [as in anger] они говорили в повышенном тоне [,словно сердились друг на друга]
    5) be raised in smth. not a voice was raised in opposition (in defence, in protest, etc.) никто не сказал ни слева против и т.д.; be raised against smth. protest were raised against this measure это мероприятие вызвало протест
    6) be raised two new points were raised были выдвинуты /подняты, поставлены/ два новых вопроса
    8) be raised in some place he was born, raised and educated in California он родился, вырос и получил образование в Калифорнии; he was raised in the country он вырос в деревне; where was he raised откуда он родом?
    9) be raised to smth. the legation was raised to the status of an embassy дипломатическая миссия была преобразована в посольство; this conjecture is raised almost to a certainty это предположение превратилось почти в уверенность; be raised from smth. the firm was twice raised from its ashes эта фирма дважды поднималась из пепла
    6. XVIII
    raise oneself he raised himself он поднялся /встал/; raise oneself after falling подняться после падения; raise oneself to (on) smth. raise oneself to a sitting' posture принять сидячее положение, сесть; raise oneself on one's elbow приподняться на локте
    7. XXI1
    1) raise smth., smb. in (to, above, etc.) smth. raise the child in one's arms взять ребенка на руки и поднять его; raise smth. to one's shoulder поднять что-л. на плечи; raise smth. above one's.head приподнять что-л. над головой; raise a weight from the ground поднять тяжесть /груз/ с земли; the building raises its tower above the city башня этого здания возвышается над городом; the wind raised the fallen leaves from the ground ветер поднимал с земли опавшие листья; raise the workmen from a mine поднимать шахтеров из шахты (на поверхность земли); raise a sunken ship to the surface of the sea поднять затонувший корабль на поверхность моря; raise smth. with smth. raise water with a pump поднимать воду насосом; he raised the suitcase with difficulty он с трудом поднял чемодан; he raised it with one hand он поднял это одной рукой; raise smth. to smb. raise one's hat (one's hand) to one's neighbour приподнять шляпу (руку), приветствуя соседа
    2) raise smth. to smth., smb. raise one's finger to one's lips приложить палец к губам; raise one's glass to one's lips поднеси) рюмку /стакан/ к губам; raise one's glass to smb., smth. поднять бокал /провозгласить тост/ за кого-л., что-л.; he raised his hand to the wheel to focus the microscope better он протянул руку к винту, чтобы получше отрегулировать микроскоп; raise smth. for smth. raise one's hand for an answer поднять руку, прося разрешения ответить; raise one's hand for silence поднять руку, требуя тишины
    3) raise smb. at (in) smth. raise smb. at midnight (at dawn, early in the morning, etc.) поднять кого-л. посреди ночи и т.д.; raise smb. out of /from /smth. raise smb. out of sleep разбудить кого-л.; the sound of the bugle raised him from his bed звук горна поднял его с постели; raise smb. from the dead воскресить кого-л. из мертвых
    4) raise the price by smth. raise the price by 20 per cent повышать цену на двадцать процентов; raise one's claim by very little несколько повысить свои требования; raise smth. to smth. raise the price to t 10 повысить цену до десяти фунтов; raise production to a maximum довести выпуск продукции до максимума; raise smth. from smth. to smth. raise the income tax from t 1 to i 2 повысить подоходный налог с одного фунта до двух; raise smth., smb. in smth. raise water in a dam поднимать воду в запруде; raise smb. in smb.'s estimation поднять кого-л. в чьих-л. глазах; this raised me considerably in his estimation в результате этого его уважение ко мне значительно возросло; raise smth. by smth. raise the pitch of a piano by a quarter tone поднять /повысить/ высоту звучания пианино на четверть тона || raise one's voice in anger повышать голос в гневе; don't raise your voice above a whisper говорите только шепотом; raise one's voice at smb. говорить с кем-л. в повышенном тоне, повышать голос на кого-л.
    5) raise smth. in (to, against) smth., smb. raise one's voice in opposition to /against/ smth. smb. поднять [свой] голос /выступить/против чего-л., кого-л.; raise one's voice in defence /for/ smth., smb. поднять голос в защиту чего-л., кого-л.
    6) raise smth. with smth. raise a rebellion (a riot, etc.) with stirring speeches вызывать /поднимать/ восстание и т.д. зажигательными /волнующими/ речами; raise smth. in smth. raise a rebellion in the country поднимать в стране восстание; raise smb. to smth. raise smb. to the defence of smth. (to a rebellion, to mutiny, etc.) поднять кого-л. на защиту чего-л. и т.д.; raise smb. against smb. raise the country (the people, etc.) against: smb. поднять страду и т.д. на борьбу с кем-л.; raise smth. on smth. raise a blush on the cheeks of a young girl вызвать румянец на щеках молодой девушки; raise blisters on one's feet coll. натирать волдыри у себя на ногах
    7) raise smb., smth. from smth. raise smb. from poverty поднять /вытащить/ кого-л. из бедности; raise a [private] soldier from the ranks произвести рядового в офицеры; raise the village from obscurity сделать эту деревню знаменитой, принести этой деревне известность /славу/; raise smb. in smth. raise smb. in rank (in pay, etc.) повысить кого-л. в чине и т.д.; raise smb. to smth. raise smb. to the rank of colonel (of major, etc.) произвести кого-л. в чин полковника и т.д.; raise smb. to peerage пожаловать кому-л. пэрство /достоинство пэра/; raise smb. to power привести кого-л. к власти; raise smb. to the throne возвести кого-л. на трон; this raised him to the first rank among the writers of fiction это выдвинуло его в первый ряд среди писателей-беллетристов; raise smb. from smth. to smth. raise smb. from clerk to manager (from a low estate to an office of distinction, etc.) повысить кого-л. от служащего /клерка/ до управляющего и т.д.
    8) esp. USA raise smth. from smth. raise plants from seeds (from cuttings. etc.) выращивать растения из семян и т.д.; raise smb. on smth. raise horses on grass выращивать лошадей на подножном корму; raise a baby on cow's milk растить ребенка на коровьем молоке
    9) raise smth. in (on, along, etc.) smth. offic. raise new apartment houses in this street (along the avenue, on the bank of the river, etc.) воздвигать /сооружать/ жилые дома на этой улице и т.д.; raise smth. to smb. raise a monument to smb. воздвигнуть /поставить/ памятник кому-л.
    10) raise smth. for smth. raise funds for a holiday (money for the trip, money for a new undertaking, etc.) собирать деньги на отпуск и т.д.; raise smth. by smth. raise money by subscription (by taxation, etc.) собирать денежные средства по подписке и т.д.
    8. XXII
    raise smth. by doing smth. our soldiers raised the siege by driving away the enemy отогнав врага, наши солдаты сняли осаду

    English-Russian dictionary of verb phrases > raise

  • 2 stand

    1. intransitive verb,

    stand in a line or row — sich in einer Reihe aufstellen; (be standing) in einer Reihe stehen

    we stood talking — wir standen da und unterhielten uns

    2) (have height)

    he stands six feet tall/the tree stands 30 feet high — er ist sechs Fuß groß/der Baum ist 30 Fuß hoch

    3) (be at level) [Aktien, Währung, Thermometer:] stehen (at auf + Dat.); [Fonds:] sich belaufen (at auf + Akk.); [Absatz, Export usw.:] liegen (at bei)
    4) (hold good) bestehen bleiben

    my offer/promise still stands — mein Angebot/Versprechen gilt nach wie vor

    5) (find oneself, be)

    as it stands, as things stand — wie die Dinge [jetzt] liegen

    the law as it stands — das bestehende od. gültige Recht

    I'd like to know where I stand — (fig.) ich möchte wissen, wo ich dran bin

    stand in need of something — einer Sache (Gen.) dringend bedürfen

    6) (be candidate) kandidieren ( for für)

    stand as a Liberal/Conservative — für die Liberalen/Konservativen kandidieren

    stand for Parliament — (Brit.) für einen Parlamentssitz kandidieren

    7)
    8) (place oneself) sich stellen

    stand in the way of something — (fig.) einer Sache (Dat.) im Weg stehen

    [not] stand in somebody's way — (fig.) jemandem [keine] Steine in den Weg legen

    9) (be likely)

    stand to win or gain/lose something — etwas gewinnen/verlieren können

    2. transitive verb,
    1) (set in position) stellen

    stand something on end/upside down — etwas hochkant/auf den Kopf stellen

    2) (endure) ertragen; vertragen [Klima]

    I can't stand the heat/noise — ich halte die Hitze/den Lärm nicht aus

    I cannot stand [the sight of] him/her — ich kann ihn/sie nicht ausstehen

    he can't stand the pressure/strain/stress — er ist dem Druck/den Strapazen/dem Stress nicht gewachsen

    I can't stand it any longer! — ich halte es nicht mehr aus!; see also academic.ru/75052/time">time 1. 1)

    3) (undergo) ausgesetzt sein (+ Dat.)

    stand trial [for something] — [wegen etwas] vor Gericht stehen

    4) (buy)
    3. noun
    1) (support) Ständer, der
    2) (stall; at exhibition) Stand, der
    3) (raised structure, grandstand) Tribüne, die
    4) (resistance) Widerstand, der

    take or make a stand — (fig.) klar Stellung beziehen (for/against/on für/gegen/zu)

    5) (standing place for taxi, bus, etc.) Stand, der
    Phrasal Verbs:
    * * *
    [stænd] 1. past tense, past participle - stood; verb
    1) (to be in an upright position, not sitting or lying: His leg was so painful that he could hardly stand; After the storm, few trees were left standing.) stehen
    2) ((often with up) to rise to the feet: He pushed back his chair and stood up; Some people like to stand (up) when the National Anthem is played.) (auf)stehen
    3) (to remain motionless: The train stood for an hour outside Newcastle.) stehen
    4) (to remain unchanged: This law still stands.) gelten
    5) (to be in or have a particular place: There is now a factory where our house once stood.) stehen
    6) (to be in a particular state, condition or situation: As matters stand, we can do nothing to help; How do you stand financially?) liegen
    7) (to accept or offer oneself for a particular position etc: He is standing as Parliamentary candidate for our district.) bewerben
    8) (to put in a particular position, especially upright: He picked up the fallen chair and stood it beside the table.) stellen
    9) (to undergo or endure: He will stand (his) trial for murder; I can't stand her rudeness any longer.) ertragen
    10) (to pay for (a meal etc) for (a person): Let me stand you a drink!) spendieren
    2. noun
    1) (a position or place in which to stand ready to fight etc, or an act of fighting etc: The guard took up his stand at the gate; I shall make a stand for what I believe is right.) der Platz
    2) (an object, especially a piece of furniture, for holding or supporting something: a coat-stand; The sculpture had been removed from its stand for cleaning.) der Ständer
    3) (a stall where goods are displayed for sale or advertisement.) der Stand
    4) (a large structure beside a football pitch, race course etc with rows of seats for spectators: The stand was crowded.) die Tribüne
    5) ((American) a witness box in a law court.) der Zeugenstand
    •
    - take the stand
    - standing 3. noun
    1) (time of lasting: an agreement of long standing.) die Dauer
    2) (rank or reputation: a diplomat of high standing.) der Stand
    •
    4. adjective
    ((of an airline passenger or ticket) costing or paying less than the usual fare, as the passenger does not book a seat for a particular flight, but waits for the first available seat.) stand-by
    5. adverb
    (travelling in this way: It costs a lot less to travel stand-by.) stand-by
    - stand-in
    - standing-room
    - make someone's hair stand on end
    - stand aside
    - stand back
    - stand by
    - stand down
    - stand fast/firm
    - stand for
    - stand in
    - stand on one's own two feet
    - stand on one's own feet
    - stand out
    - stand over
    - stand up for
    - stand up to
    * * *
    [stænd]
    I. NOUN
    1. (physical position) Stellung f
    to take up a \stand somewhere sich akk irgendwo hinstellen
    2. (position on an issue) Einstellung f (on zu + dat), Ansicht f (on zu + dat)
    what's her \stand on sexual equality? wie steht sie zur Gleichberechtigung?
    to make a \stand against sth sich akk gegen etw akk auflehnen
    to take a \stand on sth sich akk für etw akk einsetzen
    it's her civic duty to take a \stand on civil rights es ist ihre Bürgerpflicht, die Bürgerrechte zu verteidigen
    to take a \stand with sb jdm gegenübertreten
    I had to take a firm \stand with my son and forbid him to attend that party ich musste meinem Sohn gegenüber hart bleiben und ihm verbieten, diese Party zu besuchen
    3. ( form: standstill) Stillstand m
    to bring sb/sth to a \stand jdm/etw Einhalt gebieten geh
    4. usu pl (raised seating for spectators) [Zuschauer]tribüne f
    5. (support) Ständer m
    music/revolving \stand Noten-/Drehständer m
    6. CHEM Stativ nt
    7. (stall) [Verkaufs]stand m
    candy/news \stand Süßwaren-/Zeitungsstand m
    8. (for vehicles) Stand m
    taxi \stand Taxistand m
    9. AM (series of performances) Gastspiel nt
    one-night \stand One-Night-Stand m fam
    10. AM LAW
    ▪ the \stand der Zeugenstand
    to take the \stand vor Gericht aussagen
    11. MIL (resistance) Widerstand m
    to make [or take] a \stand ( fig) klar Stellung beziehen
    12. (group of plants)
    \stand of clover Büschel nt Klee
    \stand of trees Baumgruppe f
    <stood, stood>
    1. (be upright) stehen
    \stand against the wall stell dich an die Wand
    \stand in front of the house stell dich vor das Haus
    \stand in a straight line! stellen Sie sich in einer Reihe auf!
    the team will \stand or fall by the success of their new model das Team steht und fällt mit dem Erfolg seines neuen Modells
    \stand and deliver! ( dated) Hände hoch und Geld her!
    to \stand to [or at] attention MIL stillstehen
    to \stand guard [or watch] [over sb/sth] [bei jdm/etw] Wache halten
    he felt it necessary to \stand watch over the cash box er hielt es für nötig, die Kasse im Auge zu behalten
    to \stand on one's hands/head einen Hand-/Kopfstand machen
    to \stand clear [or aside] aus dem Weg gehen, beiseitetreten
    to \stand erect [or tall] aufrecht [o gerade] stehen
    to \stand motionless regungslos dastehen
    to \stand still stillstehen
    2. + n (be a stated height) messen geh
    he \stands over seven feet er misst über sieben Fuß
    3. FOOD (remain untouched) stehen
    4. (be located) liegen
    an old hut stood by the river am Fluss stand eine alte Hütte
    the train is \standing at platform 8 der Zug steht auf Gleis 8
    to \stand in sb's way jdm im Weg stehen
    to \stand in the way of sth etw dat im Weg[e] stehen [o hinderlich sein]
    to \stand open offen stehen
    5. (have a viewpoint)
    how [or where] do you \stand on the issue of foreign policy? was ist Ihre Meinung zur Außenpolitik?
    from where she \stands it seemed reasonable to ask von ihrer Warte aus schien es vernünftig zu fragen
    6. + adj (be in a specified state) stehen
    I never know where I \stand with my boss ich weiß nie, wie ich mit meinem Chef dran bin fam
    how do you think your chances \stand of being offered the job? wie, glaubst du, stehen deine Chancen, dass man dir die Stelle anbietet?
    with the situation as it \stands right now... so wie die Sache im Moment aussieht,...
    to \stand high/low in sb's opinion bei jdm sehr [o hoch] /wenig [o schlecht] angesehen sein
    to \stand alone beispiellos [o einzigartig] sein
    to \stand aloof from sb/sth ( form) sich akk von jdm/etw distanzieren
    to \stand empty [or idle] leer stehen
    to \stand fast [or firm] standhaft sein
    \stand firm on your decision steh fest zu deinem Entschluss
    to \stand pat esp AM hart [o standfest] bleiben
    to \stand second/third an zweiter/dritter Stelle stehen
    to \stand accused of sth wegen einer S. gen unter Anklage stehen
    to \stand accused of murder des Mordes angeklagt sein
    to \stand corrected ( form) sich akk geschlagen geben fam
    I \stand corrected ich muss mich korrigieren [o gebe meinen Fehler zu]
    to \stand to gain [or win] /lose sth wahrscheinlich etw gewinnen/verlieren
    7. (separate from)
    ▪ to \stand between sb/sth zwischen jdm/etw stehen
    the handouts he got from his parents were all that stood between Dan and destitution es waren allein die Zuwendungen, die Dan von seinen Eltern erhielt, was ihn vor völliger Mittellosigkeit bewahrte
    8. (remain valid) gelten, Bestand haben
    does that still \stand? ist das noch gültig?, gilt das noch?
    his work still \stands as one of the greatest advances in medical theory seine Arbeit gilt immer noch als eine der größten Leistungen in der Medizin
    Newtonian mechanics stood for over two hundred years die Newton'sche Mechanik galt zweihundert Jahre lang unangefochten
    9. BRIT, AUS (be a candidate for office) sich akk zur Wahl stellen, kandidieren
    ▪ to \stand for sth für etw akk kandidieren
    to \stand for election sich akk zur Wahl stellen
    10.
    ▶ to \stand on one's own two feet auf eigenen Füßen stehen
    ▶ to be able to do sth \standing on one's head ( fam) etw mit links machen können fam
    ▶ to not leave one stone \standing on another keinen Stein auf dem anderen lassen
    ▶ it \stands to reason [that]... es ist logisch [o leuchtet ein], dass...
    <stood, stood>
    ▪ to \stand sth somewhere etw irgendwohin hinstellen
    she stood the yardstick upright against the wall sie stellte den Messstab gegen die Wand
    to \stand sth on its head etw auf den Kopf stellen
    2. (refuse to be moved)
    to \stand one's ground wie angewurzelt stehen bleiben; (refuse to yield) standhaft bleiben
    3. (bear)
    ▪ to \stand sth etw ertragen [o fam aushalten]
    ▪ to not [be able to] \stand sth etw nicht ertragen können
    our tent won't \stand another storm unser Zelt wird keinen weiteren Sturm überstehen
    she can't \stand anyone touching her sie kann es nicht leiden, wenn man sie anfasst
    to not be able to \stand the sight of sth den Anblick von etw dat nicht ertragen können
    to \stand the test of time die Zeit überdauern
    ▪ to \stand sb sth jdm etw ausgeben [o spendieren]
    Catherine stood us all a drink Catherine lud uns alle zu einem Drink ein
    to \stand bail for sb für jdn Kaution stellen [o Sicherheit leisten
    5. ( fam)
    to \stand a chance of doing sth gute Aussichten haben, etw zu tun
    6. LAW
    to \stand trial [for sth] sich akk vor Gericht [für etw akk] verantworten müssen
    7.
    ▶ to \stand sb in good stead jdm von Nutzen [o Vorteil] sein
    * * *
    [stnd] vb: pret, ptp stood
    1. n
    1) (= position) Platz m, Standort m; (fig) Standpunkt m, Einstellung f (on zu)

    my stand is that... — ich stehe auf dem Standpunkt, dass..., ich vertrete die Einstellung, dass...

    to take a stand (on a matter) — (zu einer Angelegenheit) eine Einstellung vertreten

    2) (MIL: resistance) Widerstand m; (= battle) Gefecht nt

    to make a stand (lit, fig) — sich widersetzen, Widerstand leisten

    that was their last stand — das war ihr letztes Gefecht

    3) (= taxi stand) Stand m
    4) (Brit THEAT) Gastspiel nt; (of pop group etc) Konzert nt
    5) (= furniture, lamp stand, music stand) Ständer m
    6) (= market stall etc) Stand m
    7) (= band stand) Podium nt
    8) (Brit SPORT) Tribüne f; (US JUR) Zeugenstand m

    (we sat) in the stand — (wir saßen) auf der Tribüne

    9) (esp US FOREST) (Baum)bestand m
    2. vt
    1) (= place) stellen → stead, head
    See:
    → stead, head
    2) (= withstand) pressure, close examination etc (= object) standhalten (+dat); (person) gewachsen sein (+dat); test bestehen; climate vertragen; heat, noise ertragen, aushalten; loss, cost verkraften
    3) (inf: put up with) person, noise, interruptions etc aushalten

    I can't stand being kept waiting —

    = treat) to stand sb a drink/a meal — jdm einen Drink/ein Essen spendieren

    5)
    3. vi
    1) (= be upright) stehen; (= get up) aufstehen

    don't just stand there(, do something)! — stehen Sie nicht nur( dumm) rum, tun Sie was! (inf)

    we stood talking —

    stand and deliver! (old, hum) — anhalten, her mit dem Zeug! (inf)

    See:
    2) (= measure person) groß sein; (tree etc) hoch sein
    3) (= be situated) stehen

    it has stood there for 600 years — es steht da schon seit 600 Jahren

    4) (= remain unchanged) stehen; (fig) bestehen (bleiben)
    5)
    See:
    → also stand for
    6) (= continue to be valid offer, argument, promise) gelten; (objection, contract) gültig bleiben; (decision, record, account) stehen
    7) (= be at a certain level thermometer, record) stehen (at auf +dat); (sales) liegen (at bei)
    8) (fig

    = be in a position) we stand to lose/gain a lot — wir können sehr viel verlieren/gewinnen

    9) (fig

    = be placed) how do we stand? — wie stehen wir?

    I'd like to know where I stand (with him) — ich möchte wissen, woran ich (bei ihm) bin

    as it stands — so wie die Sache aussieht

    10) (fig

    = be, continue to be) to stand firm or fast — festbleiben

    to stand ready —

    to stand (as) security for sb — für jdn bürgen

    11)

    to leave sb/sth standing ( Brit inf ) — jdn/etw in den Schatten stellen

    * * *
    stand [stænd]
    A s
    1. a) Stehen n
    b) Stillstand m, Halt m
    2. a) (Stand)Platz m, Standort m
    b) fig Standpunkt m:
    take a stand Stellung beziehen (on zu);
    take a common stand einen gemeinsamen Standpunkt einnehmen
    3. fig Eintreten n:
    make a stand against sich entgegenstellen oder -stemmen (dat), Front machen gegen;
    make a stand for sich einsetzen für
    4. a) (Zuschauer)Tribüne f
    b) Podium n
    5. JUR US Zeugenstand m:
    on the stand im Zeugenstand;
    a) den Zeugenstand betreten,
    b) als Zeuge aussagen
    6. WIRTSCH (Verkaufs-, Messe) Stand m
    7. Stand(platz) m (für Taxis)
    8. (Kleider-, Noten- etc) Ständer m
    9. Gestell n, Regal n
    10. a) Stativ n
    b) Stütze f
    11. (Baum)Bestand m
    12. AGR Stand m (des Getreides etc), (zu erwartende) Ernte:
    stand of wheat stehender Weizen
    13. THEAT Gastspiel(ort) n(m): → one-night stand
    14. auch stand of arms MIL (vollständige) Ausrüstung (eines Soldaten)
    B v/i prät und pperf stood [stʊd]
    1. a) allg stehen:
    as there were no seats left, we had to stand;
    …, (as) sure ( oder true) as I’m standing here …, so wahr ich hier stehe!;
    don’t just stand there, help me! steh nicht herum, hilf mir!;
    stand alone allein (da)stehen ( with mit einer Ansicht etc); unerreicht dastehen oder da sein;
    stand fast ( oder firm) festbleiben, hart bleiben ( beide:
    on in dat)( → B 4);
    stand or fall by stehen und fallen mit;
    stand gasping keuchend dastehen;
    stand on one’s head
    a) einen Kopfstand machen, kopfstehen,
    b) fig (vor Freude etc) kopfstehen;
    I could do this standing on my head umg das könnte ich mit links oder stehend freihändig machen;
    stand on one’s hands einen Handstand machen;
    stand to lose (to win) (mit Sicherheit) verlieren (gewinnen);
    how are things standing? wie stehen die Dinge?;
    how do we stand in comparision to …? wie stehen wir im Vergleich zu …?;
    as matters ( oder things) stand nach Lage der Dinge, so wie die Dinge stehen;
    I want to know where ( oder how) I stand ich will wissen, woran ich bin;
    you always know where ( oder how) you stand with him man weiß immer, wie man mit ihm dran ist;
    the wind stands in the west der Wind weht von Westen;
    stand well with sb mit jemandem gut stehen, sich mit jemandem gut stellen;
    leave sb (sth) standing Br umg jemanden (etwas) in den Schatten stellen; → attention 4, foot A 1, leg Bes Redew
    c) aufstehen
    2. stehen, liegen, sich befinden, sein (Sache): → empty A 2, idle A 5
    3. sein:
    4. a) auch stand still stillstehen:
    stand! halt!;
    stand fast! MIL Br stillgestanden!, US Abteilung halt! ( → B 1);
    stand still for US → C 7
    b) stand and deliver! HIST (Kutschenüberfall) halt, alles Geld her!
    5. bleiben:
    and so it stands und dabei bleibt es
    6. sich stellen, treten:
    stand clear zurücktreten (of von);
    stand clear of auch den Eingang etc frei machen;
    stand on the defensive sich verteidigen;
    stand on the offensive zum Angriff antreten; → stand back 1
    7. stand six feet sechs Fuß groß sein (Person), sechs Fuß hoch sein (Mauer etc)
    8. sich behaupten, bestehen ( beide:
    against gegen):
    stand through sth etwas überstehen oder -dauern
    9. fig festbleiben
    10. (weiterhin) gelten:
    my offer stands mein Angebot gilt nach wie vor oder bleibt bestehen;
    let sth stand etwas gelten oder bestehen bleiben lassen
    11. SCHIFF (auf einem Kurs) liegen oder sein, steuern, halten
    12. JAGD vorstehen ([ up]on dat) (Hund)
    C v/t
    1. stellen (on auf akk):
    stand a plane on its nose FLUG einen Kopfstand machen;
    stand sth on its head fig etwas auf den Kopf stellen
    2. standhalten (dat), aushalten:
    he can’t stand the climate er kann das Klima nicht (v)ertragen;
    I couldn’t stand the pain ich konnte den Schmerz nicht aushalten oder ertragen;
    she couldn’t stand the pressure sie war dem Druck nicht gewachsen;
    I can’t stand him ich kann ihn nicht ausstehen oder leiden;
    I can’t stand being told ( oder people telling me) what to do ich kann es nicht ausstehen oder leiden, wenn man mir Vorschriften macht; → heat A 1 a, racket2 A 4, sight A 2
    3. sich etwas gefallen lassen, dulden, ertragen:
    I won’t stand that any longer das lasse ich mir nicht länger bieten
    4. sich einer Sache unterziehen: → trial A 2
    5. bestehen: → test1 A 2
    6. a) Pate stehen
    b) Bürgschaft etc leisten: → security 5, sponsor A 2, surety 1
    c) Wache stehen: → guard C 3
    7. umg
    a) aufkommen für
    b) (jemandem) ein Essen etc spendieren:
    stand a drink einen ausgeben oder spendieren;
    stand a round eine Runde schmeißen; → treat C 3
    8. eine Chance haben
    * * *
    1. intransitive verb,

    stand in a line or row — sich in einer Reihe aufstellen; (be standing) in einer Reihe stehen

    he stands six feet tall/the tree stands 30 feet high — er ist sechs Fuß groß/der Baum ist 30 Fuß hoch

    3) (be at level) [Aktien, Währung, Thermometer:] stehen (at auf + Dat.); [Fonds:] sich belaufen (at auf + Akk.); [Absatz, Export usw.:] liegen (at bei)
    4) (hold good) bestehen bleiben

    my offer/promise still stands — mein Angebot/Versprechen gilt nach wie vor

    5) (find oneself, be)

    as it stands, as things stand — wie die Dinge [jetzt] liegen

    the law as it stands — das bestehende od. gültige Recht

    I'd like to know where I stand — (fig.) ich möchte wissen, wo ich dran bin

    stand in need of something — einer Sache (Gen.) dringend bedürfen

    6) (be candidate) kandidieren ( for für)

    stand as a Liberal/Conservative — für die Liberalen/Konservativen kandidieren

    stand for Parliament — (Brit.) für einen Parlamentssitz kandidieren

    7)
    8) (place oneself) sich stellen

    stand in the way of something — (fig.) einer Sache (Dat.) im Weg stehen

    [not] stand in somebody's way — (fig.) jemandem [keine] Steine in den Weg legen

    stand to win or gain/lose something — etwas gewinnen/verlieren können

    2. transitive verb,

    stand something on end/upside down — etwas hochkant/auf den Kopf stellen

    2) (endure) ertragen; vertragen [Klima]

    I can't stand the heat/noise — ich halte die Hitze/den Lärm nicht aus

    I cannot stand [the sight of] him/her — ich kann ihn/sie nicht ausstehen

    he can't stand the pressure/strain/stress — er ist dem Druck/den Strapazen/dem Stress nicht gewachsen

    I can't stand it any longer! — ich halte es nicht mehr aus!; see also time 1. 1)

    3) (undergo) ausgesetzt sein (+ Dat.)

    stand trial [for something] — [wegen etwas] vor Gericht stehen

    3. noun
    1) (support) Ständer, der
    2) (stall; at exhibition) Stand, der
    3) (raised structure, grandstand) Tribüne, die
    4) (resistance) Widerstand, der

    take or make a stand — (fig.) klar Stellung beziehen (for/against/on für/gegen/zu)

    5) (standing place for taxi, bus, etc.) Stand, der
    Phrasal Verbs:
    * * *
    (microphone) n.
    Stativ -e n. n.
    Gestell -e n.
    Stand ¨-e m.
    Ständer - m. (one's) trial expr.
    sich vor Gericht verantworten ausdr. (up) for expr.
    eintreten für ausdr. (to tolerate) v.
    ertragen prät. v.
    (§ p.,p.p.: stood)
    = andauern v.
    stehen v.
    (§ p.,pp.: stand, gestanden)

    English-german dictionary > stand

  • 3 up

    up [ʌp] (pt & pp upped, cont upping)
    A.
    ∎ all the way up, the whole way up, right up (to the top) (of stairs, hill) jusqu'en haut;
    ∎ he's on his way up il monte;
    ∎ they had coffee sent up ils ont fait monter du café;
    ∎ hang it higher up accrochez-le plus haut;
    ∎ wait till the moon comes up attends que la lune se lève;
    ∎ familiar he doesn't have very much up top c'est pas une lumière, il a pas inventé l'eau chaude ou le fil à couper le beurre;
    ∎ familiar she's got plenty up top elle en a dans le ciboulot
    (b) (in a higher position, at a higher level)
    ∎ she wears her hair up elle porte ses cheveux relevés;
    ∎ hold your head up high! redressez la tête!;
    ∎ heads up! attention!;
    ∎ up above au-dessus;
    ∎ the glasses are up above the plates les verres sont au-dessus des assiettes;
    ∎ up in the air en l'air;
    ∎ look at the kite up in the sky regardez le cerf-volant (là-haut) dans le ciel;
    ∎ I live eight floors up j'habite au huitième (étage);
    ∎ she lives three floors up from us elle habite trois étages au-dessus de chez nous;
    ∎ she's up in her room elle est en haut dans sa chambre;
    ∎ we spend our holidays up in the mountains nous passons nos vacances à la montagne;
    ∎ from up on the mountain du haut de la montagne;
    ∎ do you see her up on that hill? la voyez-vous en haut de ou sur cette colline?;
    ∎ what are you doing up there? qu'est-ce que vous faites là-haut?;
    ∎ the captain is up on deck le capitaine est en haut sur le pont;
    ∎ have you ever been up in a plane? avez-vous déjà pris l'avion?;
    ∎ up the top tout en haut;
    ∎ it's up on top of the wardrobe c'est sur le dessus de l'armoire;
    ∎ figurative she's up there with the best (of them) elle est parmi ou dans les meilleurs
    ∎ Charles has his hand up Charles a la main levée;
    ∎ wind the window up (in car) remontez la vitre;
    ∎ put your hood up relève ou mets ta capuche;
    ∎ she turned her collar up elle a relevé son col
    ∎ up you get! debout!;
    ∎ he helped me up il m'a aidé à me lever ou à me mettre debout;
    ∎ sit up straight! tiens-toi droit!;
    ∎ the trunk was standing up on end la malle était debout;
    ∎ familiar up and at them! grouillez-vous!
    ∎ get up! debout!;
    ∎ she got up late this morning elle s'est levée tard ce matin;
    ∎ she's always up and doing elle n'arrête jamais
    ∎ the body was lying face up le corps était couché sur le dos;
    ∎ I turned the poster right side up j'ai mis l'affiche dans le bon sens ou à l'endroit;
    ∎ put it the other way up retournez-le;
    ∎ he turned his hand palm up il a tourné la main paume vers le haut;
    ∎ familiar figurative he doesn't know which end is up il est bête comme ses pieds
    (g) (erected, installed)
    ∎ they're putting up a new hotel there ils construisent un nouvel hôtel là-bas;
    ∎ help me get the curtains/the pictures up aide-moi à accrocher les rideaux/les tableaux
    ∎ up on the blackboard au tableau;
    ∎ I saw an announcement up about it je l'ai vu sur une affiche
    ∎ careful, we've got some of the floorboards up attention au plancher, il manque des lattes;
    ∎ when we've got the carpet up… quand nous aurons enlevé la moquette…
    B.
    ∎ they came up for the weekend ils sont venus pour le week-end;
    ∎ it's cold up here il fait froid ici;
    ∎ up there là-bas;
    ∎ up north dans le nord
    (b) (in, to or from a larger place)
    ∎ up in Madrid à Madrid;
    ∎ she's up in Maine for the week elle passe une semaine dans le Maine;
    ∎ we're up from Munich nous venons ou arrivons de Munich;
    ∎ he was on his way up to town il allait en ville
    ∎ he's up at Oxford il est à Oxford
    ∎ there's a café up ahead il y a un café plus loin;
    ∎ the sign up ahead says 10 miles la pancarte là-bas indique 10 miles
    ∎ the clerk came up to him le vendeur s'est approché de lui ou est venu vers lui;
    ∎ a car drew up at the petrol pump une voiture s'est arrêtée à la pompe à essence;
    ∎ up came a small, blonde child un petit enfant blond s'est approché
    ∎ up close de près;
    ∎ I like to sit up front j'aime bien m'asseoir devant;
    ∎ when you get right up to her quand vous la voyez de près;
    ∎ they stood up close to one another ils se tenaient l'un contre l'autre ou tout près l'un de l'autre
    C.
    ∎ prices have gone up by 10 percent les prix ont augmenté ou monté de 10 pour cent;
    ∎ bread has gone up again le pain a encore augmenté;
    ∎ the temperature soared up into the thirties la température est montée au-dessus de trente degrés;
    ∎ they can cost anything from £750 up ils coûtent au moins 750 livres, on en trouve à partir de 750 livres;
    ∎ suitable for children aged seven and up convient aux enfants âgés de sept ans et plus;
    ∎ all ranks from sergeant up tous les rangs à partir de celui de sergent
    (b) (more loudly, intensely) plus fort;
    ∎ speak up parlez plus fort;
    ∎ he turned the radio up il a mis la radio plus fort
    D.
    ∎ drink up! finissez vos verres!;
    ∎ eat up your greens finis tes légumes;
    ∎ the river had dried up la rivière s'était asséchée
    ∎ he ripped the shirt up il a mis la chemise en lambeaux;
    ∎ I tore up the letter j'ai déchiré la lettre (en petits morceaux)
    ∎ add these figures up additionnez ces chiffres;
    ∎ the teacher gathered up his notes le professeur a ramassé ses notes
    E.
    ∎ he came up before the judge for rape il a comparu devant le juge pour viol;
    ∎ the murder case came up before the court today le meutre a été jugé aujourd'hui;
    ∎ she comes up before the board tomorrow elle paraît devant le conseil demain
    ∎ up (with) the Revolution! vive la Révolution!;
    ∎ Sport up the Lakers! allez les Lakers!
    A.
    ∎ the river is up le fleuve est en crue;
    ∎ the tide is up la marée est haute;
    ∎ before the sun was up avant le lever du soleil;
    ∎ prices are up on last year les prix ont augmenté par rapport à l'année dernière;
    ∎ the temperature is up in the twenties la température a dépassé les vingt degrés
    ∎ the blinds are up les stores sont levés;
    ∎ keep the windows up (in car) n'ouvrez pas les fenêtres;
    ∎ her hair was up (in a bun) elle avait un chignon;
    ∎ her hood was up so I couldn't see her face sa capuche était relevée, si bien que je ne voyais pas sa figure;
    ∎ figurative his defences were up il était sur ses gardes
    ∎ the up escalator l'escalier roulant qui monte
    ∎ the up train le train qui va en ville;
    ∎ the up platform le quai où l'on prend le train qui va en ville
    ∎ is she up yet? est-elle déjà levée ou debout?;
    ∎ we're normally up at 6 d'habitude nous nous levons à 6 heures;
    ∎ she was up late last night elle s'est couchée ou elle a veillé tard hier soir;
    ∎ they were up all night ils ne se sont pas couchés de la nuit, ils ont passé une nuit blanche
    ∎ was the ball up? la balle était-elle bonne?
    B.
    (a) (road) en travaux;
    ∎ road up (sign) travaux
    (b) (erected, installed)
    ∎ these buildings haven't been up long ça ne fait pas longtemps que ces immeubles ont été construits;
    ∎ are the new curtains up yet? les nouveaux rideaux ont-ils été posés?;
    ∎ when the tent's up quand la tente sera montée
    ∎ are the results up yet? les résultats sont-ils déjà affichés?
    C.
    (a) (finished, at an end) terminé;
    ∎ time is up! (on exam, visit) c'est l'heure!; (in game, on meter) le temps est écoulé!;
    ∎ when the month was up he left à la fin du mois, il est parti
    ∎ Madrid was two goals up Madrid menait de deux buts;
    ∎ Sport Georgetown was 13 points up on Baltimore Georgetown avait 13 points d'avance sur Baltimore;
    ∎ Golf to be one hole up avoir un trou d'avance;
    ∎ familiar I'm $50 up on you j'ai 50 dollars de plus que vous□ ;
    ∎ familiar to be one up on sb avoir un avantage sur qn□
    (c) familiar (ready) prêt□ ;
    ∎ dinner's up le dîner est prêt
    ∎ the computer's up again l'ordinateur fonctionne à nouveau
    D.
    ∎ he seemed very up when I saw him il avait l'air en pleine forme quand je l'ai vu
    ∎ to be up on sth être au fait de qch□ ;
    ∎ he's really up on history il est fort ou calé en histoire□ ;
    ∎ she's always up with the latest trends elle est toujours au courant de la dernière mode□
    E.
    ∎ to be up before a court/a judge comparaître devant un tribunal/un juge;
    ∎ she's up before the board tomorrow elle comparaît devant le conseil demain
    ∎ something's up (happening) il se passe quelque chose□ ; (wrong) quelque chose ne va pas□ ;
    ∎ what's up? (happening) qu'est-ce qui se passe?□ ; (wrong) qu'est-ce qu'il y a?□ ; American (as greeting) quoi de neuf?;
    ∎ what's up with you? (happening) quoi de neuf?; (wrong) qu'est-ce que tu as?□ ;
    ∎ do you know what's up? est-ce que tu sais ce qui se passe?□ ;
    ∎ something's up with Mum il y a quelque chose qui ne va pas chez maman□, maman a quelque chose□ ;
    ∎ there's something up with the TV la télé débloque
    ∎ we carried our suitcases up the stairs nous avons monté nos valises;
    ∎ he ran up the stairs il a monté l'escalier en courant;
    ∎ she was up and down stairs all day elle montait et descendait les escaliers toute la journée;
    ∎ I climbed up the ladder je suis monté à l'échelle;
    ∎ the cat climbed up the tree le chat a grimpé dans l'arbre;
    ∎ the smoke went up my nose la fumée m'est montée par le nez;
    ∎ the gas goes up this pipe le gaz monte par ce tuyau;
    ∎ further up the wall plus haut sur le mur;
    ∎ literary up hill and down dale par monts et par vaux
    ∎ her flat is up those stairs son appartement est en haut de cet escalier;
    ∎ the cat is up a tree le chat est (perché) sur un arbre;
    ∎ we walked up the street nous avons monté la rue;
    ∎ she pointed up the street elle a montré le haut de la rue;
    ∎ she lives up this street elle habite dans cette rue;
    ∎ the café is just up the road le café se trouve plus loin ou plus haut dans la rue
    ∎ up the river en amont;
    ∎ a voyage up the Amazon une remontée de l'Amazone
    (d) British familiar (at, to) à□ ;
    ∎ he's up the pub il est au pub;
    ∎ I'm going up the shops je vais faire les courses□
    ∎ up yours! va te faire voir!
    (a) (increase) augmenter;
    ∎ they have upped their prices by 25 percent ils ont augmenté leurs prix de 25 pour cent;
    ∎ also figurative to up the stakes monter la mise
    (b) (promote) lever, relever;
    ∎ the boss upped him to district manager le patron l'a bombardé directeur régional
    ∎ to up sticks plier bagages
    ∎ familiar she upped and left elle a fichu le camp;
    ∎ he just upped and hit him tout à coup il (s'est levé et) l'a frappé;
    ∎ he upped and married her en moins de deux, il l'a épousée
    6 noun
    (a) (high point) haut m;
    ∎ ups and downs (in land, road) accidents mpl; (of market) fluctuations fpl;
    ∎ I've had a lot of ups and downs in my life j'ai connu des hauts et des bas;
    ∎ we all have our ups and downs nous avons tous des hauts et des bas
    ∎ the market is on the up le marché est à la hausse;
    ∎ prices are on the up les prix sont en hausse
    (c) familiar (drug) amphet f, amphé f
    (a) (touching) contre;
    ∎ lean the ladder up against the window appuyez l'échelle contre la fenêtre
    ∎ you're up against some good candidates vous êtes en compétition avec de bons candidats;
    ∎ they don't know what they're up against! ils ne se rendent pas compte de ce qui les attend!;
    ∎ to be up against the law être dans l'illégalité;
    ∎ familiar to be up against it être dans le pétrin
    ∎ I've been up and about since 7 o'clock (gen) je suis levé depuis 7 heures;
    ∎ so you're up and about again? (after illness) alors tu n'es plus alité?
    ∎ he was jumping up and down il sautait sur place;
    ∎ she looked us up and down elle nous a regardés de haut en bas;
    ∎ the bottle bobbed up and down on the waves la bouteille montait et descendait sur les vagues;
    ∎ I was up and down all night (in and out of bed) je n'ai pas arrêté de me lever la nuit dernière
    (b) (to and fro) de long en large;
    ∎ I could hear him walking up and down je l'entendais faire les cent pas ou marcher de long en large;
    ∎ she walked up and down the platform elle faisait les cent pas sur le quai
    ∎ up and down the country dans tout le pays
    ∎ she's been very up and down lately elle a eu beaucoup de hauts et de bas ces derniers temps
    (a) (under consideration, about to undergo) à;
    ∎ the house is up for sale la maison est à vendre;
    ∎ the project is up for discussion on va discuter du projet;
    ∎ she's up for election elle est candidate ou elle se présente aux élections
    ∎ he's up for murder/speeding il va être jugé pour meurtre/excès de vitesse
    (c) familiar (interested in, ready for)
    ∎ are you still up for supper tonight? tu veux toujours qu'on dîne ensemble ce soir?□ ;
    ∎ he's up for anything il est toujours partant□ ;
    ∎ was she up for it? (willing to have sex) elle a bien voulu coucher?
    (a) (as far as) jusqu'à;
    ∎ he can count up to 100 il sait compter jusqu'à 100;
    ∎ the river is up to 25 feet wide le fleuve a jusqu'à 25 pieds de largeur;
    ∎ the bus can take up to 50 passengers le bus peut accueillir jusqu'à 50 passagers;
    ∎ I'm up to page 120 j'en suis à la page 120;
    ∎ up to and including Saturday jusqu'à samedi inclus;
    ∎ up to here jusqu'ici;
    ∎ up to or up until now jusqu'à maintenant, jusqu'ici;
    ∎ up to or up until then jusqu'alors, jusque-là;
    ∎ we were up to our knees in mud nous avions de la boue jusqu'aux genoux
    ∎ should he attend the meeting? - that's up to him est-ce qu'il doit assister à la réunion? - il fait ce qu'il veut ou c'est à lui de voir;
    ∎ which film do you fancy? - it's up to you quel film est-ce que tu veux voir? - c'est comme tu veux;
    ∎ it's entirely up to you whether you go or not il ne tient qu'à toi de rester ou de partir;
    ∎ if it were up to me… si c'était moi qui décidais ou à moi de décider…;
    ∎ it's up to them to pay damages c'est à eux ou il leur appartient de payer les dégâts
    ∎ to be up to doing sth être capable de faire qch;
    ∎ he's not up to heading the team il n'est pas capable de diriger l'équipe;
    ∎ my German is not up to translating novels mon niveau d'allemand ne me permet pas de traduire des romans;
    ∎ he's not up to it (not good enough) il n'est pas capable de le faire;
    ∎ are you going out tonight? - no, I don't feel up to it tu sors ce soir? - non, je n'en ai pas tellement envie;
    ∎ he's not up to the journey il n'est pas à même de faire le voyage;
    ∎ are you up to working or to work? êtes-vous capable de ou en état de travailler?;
    ∎ I'm not up to going back to work je ne suis pas encore en état de reprendre le travail;
    ∎ familiar the football team isn't up to much l'équipe de foot ne vaut pas grand-chose;
    ∎ familiar I don't feel up to much je ne me sens pas en super forme
    ∎ his work is not up to his normal standard son travail n'est pas aussi bon que d'habitude;
    ∎ the levels are up to standard les niveaux sont conformes aux normes;
    ∎ I don't feel up to par je ne me sens pas en forme
    (e) (engaged in, busy with)
    ∎ let's see what she's up to allons voir ce qu'elle fait ou fabrique;
    ∎ what have you been up to lately? qu'est-ce que tu deviens?;
    ∎ what's he been up to now? qu'est-ce qu'il a encore inventé?;
    ∎ what's he up to with that ladder? qu'est-ce qu'il fabrique avec cette échelle?;
    ∎ what are you up to with my girlfriend? qu'est-ce que tu lui veux à ma copine?;
    ∎ they're up to something ils manigancent quelque chose;
    ∎ she's up to no good elle prépare un mauvais coup;
    ∎ the things we got up to in our youth! qu'est-ce qu'on ou ce qu'on ne faisait pas quand on était jeunes!
    ►► Computing up arrow flèche f vers le haut;
    up arrow key touche f de déplacement vers le haut

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > up

  • 4 modular data center

    1. модульный центр обработки данных (ЦОД)

     

    модульный центр обработки данных (ЦОД)
    -
    [Интент]

    Параллельные тексты EN-RU

    [ http://loosebolts.wordpress.com/2008/12/02/our-vision-for-generation-4-modular-data-centers-one-way-of-getting-it-just-right/]

    [ http://dcnt.ru/?p=9299#more-9299]

    Data Centers are a hot topic these days. No matter where you look, this once obscure aspect of infrastructure is getting a lot of attention. For years, there have been cost pressures on IT operations and this, when the need for modern capacity is greater than ever, has thrust data centers into the spotlight. Server and rack density continues to rise, placing DC professionals and businesses in tighter and tougher situations while they struggle to manage their IT environments. And now hyper-scale cloud infrastructure is taking traditional technologies to limits never explored before and focusing the imagination of the IT industry on new possibilities.

    В настоящее время центры обработки данных являются широко обсуждаемой темой. Куда ни посмотришь, этот некогда малоизвестный аспект инфраструктуры привлекает все больше внимания. Годами ИТ-отделы испытывали нехватку средств и это выдвинуло ЦОДы в центр внимания, в то время, когда необходимость в современных ЦОДах стала как никогда высокой. Плотность серверов и стоек продолжают расти, все больше усложняя ситуацию для специалистов в области охлаждения и организаций в их попытках управлять своими ИТ-средами. И теперь гипермасштабируемая облачная инфраструктура подвергает традиционные технологии невиданным ранее нагрузкам, и заставляет ИТ-индустрию искать новые возможности.

    At Microsoft, we have focused a lot of thought and research around how to best operate and maintain our global infrastructure and we want to share those learnings. While obviously there are some aspects that we keep to ourselves, we have shared how we operate facilities daily, our technologies and methodologies, and, most importantly, how we monitor and manage our facilities. Whether it’s speaking at industry events, inviting customers to our “Microsoft data center conferences” held in our data centers, or through other media like blogging and white papers, we believe sharing best practices is paramount and will drive the industry forward. So in that vein, we have some interesting news to share.

    В компании MicroSoft уделяют большое внимание изучению наилучших методов эксплуатации и технического обслуживания своей глобальной инфраструктуры и делятся результатами своих исследований. И хотя мы, конечно, не раскрываем некоторые аспекты своих исследований, мы делимся повседневным опытом эксплуатации дата-центров, своими технологиями и методологиями и, что важнее всего, методами контроля и управления своими объектами. Будь то доклады на отраслевых событиях, приглашение клиентов на наши конференции, которые посвящены центрам обработки данных MicroSoft, и проводятся в этих самых дата-центрах, или использование других средств, например, блоги и спецификации, мы уверены, что обмен передовым опытом имеет первостепенное значение и будет продвигать отрасль вперед.

    Today we are sharing our Generation 4 Modular Data Center plan. This is our vision and will be the foundation of our cloud data center infrastructure in the next five years. We believe it is one of the most revolutionary changes to happen to data centers in the last 30 years. Joining me, in writing this blog are Daniel Costello, my director of Data Center Research and Engineering and Christian Belady, principal power and cooling architect. I feel their voices will add significant value to driving understanding around the many benefits included in this new design paradigm.

    Сейчас мы хотим поделиться своим планом модульного дата-центра четвертого поколения. Это наше видение и оно будет основанием для инфраструктуры наших облачных дата-центров в ближайшие пять лет. Мы считаем, что это одно из самых революционных изменений в дата-центрах за последние 30 лет. Вместе со мной в написании этого блога участвовали Дэниел Костелло, директор по исследованиям и инжинирингу дата-центров, и Кристиан Белади, главный архитектор систем энергоснабжения и охлаждения. Мне кажется, что их авторитет придаст больше веса большому количеству преимуществ, включенных в эту новую парадигму проектирования.

    Our “Gen 4” modular data centers will take the flexibility of containerized servers—like those in our Chicago data center—and apply it across the entire facility. So what do we mean by modular? Think of it like “building blocks”, where the data center will be composed of modular units of prefabricated mechanical, electrical, security components, etc., in addition to containerized servers.

    Was there a key driver for the Generation 4 Data Center?

    Наши модульные дата-центры “Gen 4” будут гибкими с контейнерами серверов – как серверы в нашем чикагском дата-центре. И гибкость будет применяться ко всему ЦОД. Итак, что мы подразумеваем под модульностью? Мы думаем о ней как о “строительных блоках”, где дата-центр будет состоять из модульных блоков изготовленных в заводских условиях электрических систем и систем охлаждения, а также систем безопасности и т.п., в дополнение к контейнеризованным серверам.
    Был ли ключевой стимул для разработки дата-центра четвертого поколения?


    If we were to summarize the promise of our Gen 4 design into a single sentence it would be something like this: “A highly modular, scalable, efficient, just-in-time data center capacity program that can be delivered anywhere in the world very quickly and cheaply, while allowing for continued growth as required.” Sounds too good to be true, doesn’t it? Well, keep in mind that these concepts have been in initial development and prototyping for over a year and are based on cumulative knowledge of previous facility generations and the advances we have made since we began our investments in earnest on this new design.

    Если бы нам нужно было обобщить достоинства нашего проекта Gen 4 в одном предложении, это выглядело бы следующим образом: “Центр обработки данных с высоким уровнем модульности, расширяемости, и энергетической эффективности, а также возможностью постоянного расширения, в случае необходимости, который можно очень быстро и дешево развертывать в любом месте мира”. Звучит слишком хорошо для того чтобы быть правдой, не так ли? Ну, не забывайте, что эти концепции находились в процессе начальной разработки и создания опытного образца в течение более одного года и основываются на опыте, накопленном в ходе развития предыдущих поколений ЦОД, а также успехах, сделанных нами со времени, когда мы начали вкладывать серьезные средства в этот новый проект.

    One of the biggest challenges we’ve had at Microsoft is something Mike likes to call the ‘Goldilock’s Problem’. In a nutshell, the problem can be stated as:

    The worst thing we can do in delivering facilities for the business is not have enough capacity online, thus limiting the growth of our products and services.

    Одну из самых больших проблем, с которыми приходилось сталкиваться Майкрософт, Майк любит называть ‘Проблемой Лютика’. Вкратце, эту проблему можно выразить следующим образом:

    Самое худшее, что может быть при строительстве ЦОД для бизнеса, это не располагать достаточными производственными мощностями, и тем самым ограничивать рост наших продуктов и сервисов.

    The second worst thing we can do in delivering facilities for the business is to have too much capacity online.

    А вторым самым худшим моментом в этой сфере может слишком большое количество производственных мощностей.

    This has led to a focus on smart, intelligent growth for the business — refining our overall demand picture. It can’t be too hot. It can’t be too cold. It has to be ‘Just Right!’ The capital dollars of investment are too large to make without long term planning. As we struggled to master these interesting challenges, we had to ensure that our technological plan also included solutions for the business and operational challenges we faced as well.
    So let’s take a high level look at our Generation 4 design

    Это заставило нас сосредоточиваться на интеллектуальном росте для бизнеса — refining our overall demand picture. Это не должно быть слишком горячим. И это не должно быть слишком холодным. Это должно быть ‘как раз, таким как надо!’ Нельзя делать такие большие капиталовложения без долгосрочного планирования. Пока мы старались решить эти интересные проблемы, мы должны были гарантировать, что наш технологический план будет также включать решения для коммерческих и эксплуатационных проблем, с которыми нам также приходилось сталкиваться.
    Давайте рассмотрим наш проект дата-центра четвертого поколения

    Are you ready for some great visuals? Check out this video at Soapbox. Click here for the Microsoft 4th Gen Video.

    It’s a concept video that came out of my Data Center Research and Engineering team, under Daniel Costello, that will give you a view into what we think is the future.

    From a configuration, construct-ability and time to market perspective, our primary goals and objectives are to modularize the whole data center. Not just the server side (like the Chicago facility), but the mechanical and electrical space as well. This means using the same kind of parts in pre-manufactured modules, the ability to use containers, skids, or rack-based deployments and the ability to tailor the Redundancy and Reliability requirements to the application at a very specific level.


    Посмотрите это видео, перейдите по ссылке для просмотра видео о Microsoft 4th Gen:

    Это концептуальное видео, созданное командой отдела Data Center Research and Engineering, возглавляемого Дэниелом Костелло, которое даст вам наше представление о будущем.

    С точки зрения конфигурации, строительной технологичности и времени вывода на рынок, нашими главными целями и задачами агрегатирование всего дата-центра. Не только серверную часть, как дата-центр в Чикаго, но также системы охлаждения и электрические системы. Это означает применение деталей одного типа в сборных модулях, возможность использования контейнеров, салазок, или стоечных систем, а также возможность подстраивать требования избыточности и надежности для данного приложения на очень специфичном уровне.

    Our goals from a cost perspective were simple in concept but tough to deliver. First and foremost, we had to reduce the capital cost per critical Mega Watt by the class of use. Some applications can run with N-level redundancy in the infrastructure, others require a little more infrastructure for support. These different classes of infrastructure requirements meant that optimizing for all cost classes was paramount. At Microsoft, we are not a one trick pony and have many Online products and services (240+) that require different levels of operational support. We understand that and ensured that we addressed it in our design which will allow us to reduce capital costs by 20%-40% or greater depending upon class.


    Нашими целями в области затрат были концептуально простыми, но трудно реализуемыми. В первую очередь мы должны были снизить капитальные затраты в пересчете на один мегаватт, в зависимости от класса резервирования. Некоторые приложения могут вполне работать на базе инфраструктуры с резервированием на уровне N, то есть без резервирования, а для работы других приложений требуется больше инфраструктуры. Эти разные классы требований инфраструктуры подразумевали, что оптимизация всех классов затрат имеет преобладающее значение. В Майкрософт мы не ограничиваемся одним решением и располагаем большим количеством интерактивных продуктов и сервисов (240+), которым требуются разные уровни эксплуатационной поддержки. Мы понимаем это, и учитываем это в своем проекте, который позволит нам сокращать капитальные затраты на 20%-40% или более в зависимости от класса.

    For example, non-critical or geo redundant applications have low hardware reliability requirements on a location basis. As a result, Gen 4 can be configured to provide stripped down, low-cost infrastructure with little or no redundancy and/or temperature control. Let’s say an Online service team decides that due to the dramatically lower cost, they will simply use uncontrolled outside air with temperatures ranging 10-35 C and 20-80% RH. The reality is we are already spec-ing this for all of our servers today and working with server vendors to broaden that range even further as Gen 4 becomes a reality. For this class of infrastructure, we eliminate generators, chillers, UPSs, and possibly lower costs relative to traditional infrastructure.

    Например, некритичные или гео-избыточные системы имеют низкие требования к аппаратной надежности на основе местоположения. В результате этого, Gen 4 можно конфигурировать для упрощенной, недорогой инфраструктуры с низким уровнем (или вообще без резервирования) резервирования и / или температурного контроля. Скажем, команда интерактивного сервиса решает, что, в связи с намного меньшими затратами, они будут просто использовать некондиционированный наружный воздух с температурой 10-35°C и влажностью 20-80% RH. В реальности мы уже сегодня предъявляем эти требования к своим серверам и работаем с поставщиками серверов над еще большим расширением диапазона температур, так как наш модуль и подход Gen 4 становится реальностью. Для подобного класса инфраструктуры мы удаляем генераторы, чиллеры, ИБП, и, возможно, будем предлагать более низкие затраты, по сравнению с традиционной инфраструктурой.

    Applications that demand higher level of redundancy or temperature control will use configurations of Gen 4 to meet those needs, however, they will also cost more (but still less than traditional data centers). We see this cost difference driving engineering behavioral change in that we predict more applications will drive towards Geo redundancy to lower costs.

    Системы, которым требуется более высокий уровень резервирования или температурного контроля, будут использовать конфигурации Gen 4, отвечающие этим требованиям, однако, они будут также стоить больше. Но все равно они будут стоить меньше, чем традиционные дата-центры. Мы предвидим, что эти различия в затратах будут вызывать изменения в методах инжиниринга, и по нашим прогнозам, это будет выражаться в переходе все большего числа систем на гео-избыточность и меньшие затраты.

    Another cool thing about Gen 4 is that it allows us to deploy capacity when our demand dictates it. Once finalized, we will no longer need to make large upfront investments. Imagine driving capital costs more closely in-line with actual demand, thus greatly reducing time-to-market and adding the capacity Online inherent in the design. Also reduced is the amount of construction labor required to put these “building blocks” together. Since the entire platform requires pre-manufacture of its core components, on-site construction costs are lowered. This allows us to maximize our return on invested capital.

    Еще одно достоинство Gen 4 состоит в том, что он позволяет нам разворачивать дополнительные мощности, когда нам это необходимо. Как только мы закончим проект, нам больше не нужно будет делать большие начальные капиталовложения. Представьте себе возможность более точного согласования капитальных затрат с реальными требованиями, и тем самым значительного снижения времени вывода на рынок и интерактивного добавления мощностей, предусматриваемого проектом. Также снижен объем строительных работ, требуемых для сборки этих “строительных блоков”. Поскольку вся платформа требует предварительного изготовления ее базовых компонентов, затраты на сборку также снижены. Это позволит нам увеличить до максимума окупаемость своих капиталовложений.
    Мы все подвергаем сомнению

    In our design process, we questioned everything. You may notice there is no roof and some might be uncomfortable with this. We explored the need of one and throughout our research we got some surprising (positive) results that showed one wasn’t needed.

    В своем процессе проектирования мы все подвергаем сомнению. Вы, наверное, обратили внимание на отсутствие крыши, и некоторым специалистам это могло не понравиться. Мы изучили необходимость в крыше и в ходе своих исследований получили удивительные результаты, которые показали, что крыша не нужна.
    Серийное производство дата центров


    In short, we are striving to bring Henry Ford’s Model T factory to the data center. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Ford#Model_T. Gen 4 will move data centers from a custom design and build model to a commoditized manufacturing approach. We intend to have our components built in factories and then assemble them in one location (the data center site) very quickly. Think about how a computer, car or plane is built today. Components are manufactured by different companies all over the world to a predefined spec and then integrated in one location based on demands and feature requirements. And just like Henry Ford’s assembly line drove the cost of building and the time-to-market down dramatically for the automobile industry, we expect Gen 4 to do the same for data centers. Everything will be pre-manufactured and assembled on the pad.

    Мы хотим применить модель автомобильной фабрики Генри Форда к дата-центру. Проект Gen 4 будет способствовать переходу от модели специализированного проектирования и строительства к товарно-производственному, серийному подходу. Мы намерены изготавливать свои компоненты на заводах, а затем очень быстро собирать их в одном месте, в месте строительства дата-центра. Подумайте о том, как сегодня изготавливается компьютер, автомобиль или самолет. Компоненты изготавливаются по заранее определенным спецификациям разными компаниями во всем мире, затем собираются в одном месте на основе спроса и требуемых характеристик. И точно так же как сборочный конвейер Генри Форда привел к значительному уменьшению затрат на производство и времени вывода на рынок в автомобильной промышленности, мы надеемся, что Gen 4 сделает то же самое для дата-центров. Все будет предварительно изготавливаться и собираться на месте.
    Невероятно энергоэффективный ЦОД


    And did we mention that this platform will be, overall, incredibly energy efficient? From a total energy perspective not only will we have remarkable PUE values, but the total cost of energy going into the facility will be greatly reduced as well. How much energy goes into making concrete? Will we need as much of it? How much energy goes into the fuel of the construction vehicles? This will also be greatly reduced! A key driver is our goal to achieve an average PUE at or below 1.125 by 2012 across our data centers. More than that, we are on a mission to reduce the overall amount of copper and water used in these facilities. We believe these will be the next areas of industry attention when and if the energy problem is solved. So we are asking today…“how can we build a data center with less building”?

    А мы упоминали, что эта платформа будет, в общем, невероятно энергоэффективной? С точки зрения общей энергии, мы получим не только поразительные значения PUE, но общая стоимость энергии, затраченной на объект будет также значительно снижена. Сколько энергии идет на производство бетона? Нам нужно будет столько энергии? Сколько энергии идет на питание инженерных строительных машин? Это тоже будет значительно снижено! Главным стимулом является достижение среднего PUE не больше 1.125 для всех наших дата-центров к 2012 году. Более того, у нас есть задача сокращения общего количества меди и воды в дата-центрах. Мы думаем, что эти задачи станут следующей заботой отрасли после того как будет решена энергетическая проблема. Итак, сегодня мы спрашиваем себя…“как можно построить дата-центр с меньшим объемом строительных работ”?
    Строительство дата центров без чиллеров

    We have talked openly and publicly about building chiller-less data centers and running our facilities using aggressive outside economization. Our sincerest hope is that Gen 4 will completely eliminate the use of water. Today’s data centers use massive amounts of water and we see water as the next scarce resource and have decided to take a proactive stance on making water conservation part of our plan.

    Мы открыто и публично говорили о строительстве дата-центров без чиллеров и активном использовании в наших центрах обработки данных технологий свободного охлаждения или фрикулинга. Мы искренне надеемся, что Gen 4 позволит полностью отказаться от использования воды. Современные дата-центры расходуют большие объемы воды и так как мы считаем воду следующим редким ресурсом, мы решили принять упреждающие меры и включить экономию воды в свой план.

    By sharing this with the industry, we believe everyone can benefit from our methodology. While this concept and approach may be intimidating (or downright frightening) to some in the industry, disclosure ultimately is better for all of us.

    Делясь этим опытом с отраслью, мы считаем, что каждый сможет извлечь выгоду из нашей методологией. Хотя эта концепция и подход могут показаться пугающими (или откровенно страшными) для некоторых отраслевых специалистов, раскрывая свои планы мы, в конечном счете, делаем лучше для всех нас.

    Gen 4 design (even more than just containers), could reduce the ‘religious’ debates in our industry. With the central spine infrastructure in place, containers or pre-manufactured server halls can be either AC or DC, air-side economized or water-side economized, or not economized at all (though the sanity of that might be questioned). Gen 4 will allow us to decommission, repair and upgrade quickly because everything is modular. No longer will we be governed by the initial decisions made when constructing the facility. We will have almost unlimited use and re-use of the facility and site. We will also be able to use power in an ultra-fluid fashion moving load from critical to non-critical as use and capacity requirements dictate.

    Проект Gen 4 позволит уменьшить ‘религиозные’ споры в нашей отрасли. Располагая базовой инфраструктурой, контейнеры или сборные серверные могут оборудоваться системами переменного или постоянного тока, воздушными или водяными экономайзерами, или вообще не использовать экономайзеры. Хотя можно подвергать сомнению разумность такого решения. Gen 4 позволит нам быстро выполнять работы по выводу из эксплуатации, ремонту и модернизации, поскольку все будет модульным. Мы больше не будем руководствоваться начальными решениями, принятыми во время строительства дата-центра. Мы сможем использовать этот дата-центр и инфраструктуру в течение почти неограниченного периода времени. Мы также сможем применять сверхгибкие методы использования электрической энергии, переводя оборудование в режимы критической или некритической нагрузки в соответствии с требуемой мощностью.
    Gen 4 – это стандартная платформа

    Finally, we believe this is a big game changer. Gen 4 will provide a standard platform that our industry can innovate around. For example, all modules in our Gen 4 will have common interfaces clearly defined by our specs and any vendor that meets these specifications will be able to plug into our infrastructure. Whether you are a computer vendor, UPS vendor, generator vendor, etc., you will be able to plug and play into our infrastructure. This means we can also source anyone, anywhere on the globe to minimize costs and maximize performance. We want to help motivate the industry to further innovate—with innovations from which everyone can reap the benefits.

    Наконец, мы уверены, что это будет фактором, который значительно изменит ситуацию. Gen 4 будет представлять собой стандартную платформу, которую отрасль сможет обновлять. Например, все модули в нашем Gen 4 будут иметь общепринятые интерфейсы, четко определяемые нашими спецификациями, и оборудование любого поставщика, которое отвечает этим спецификациям можно будет включать в нашу инфраструктуру. Независимо от того производите вы компьютеры, ИБП, генераторы и т.п., вы сможете включать свое оборудование нашу инфраструктуру. Это означает, что мы также сможем обеспечивать всех, в любом месте земного шара, тем самым сводя до минимума затраты и максимальной увеличивая производительность. Мы хотим создать в отрасли мотивацию для дальнейших инноваций – инноваций, от которых каждый сможет получать выгоду.
    Главные характеристики дата-центров четвертого поколения Gen4

    To summarize, the key characteristics of our Generation 4 data centers are:

    Scalable
    Plug-and-play spine infrastructure
    Factory pre-assembled: Pre-Assembled Containers (PACs) & Pre-Manufactured Buildings (PMBs)
    Rapid deployment
    De-mountable
    Reduce TTM
    Reduced construction
    Sustainable measures

    Ниже приведены главные характеристики дата-центров четвертого поколения Gen 4:

    Расширяемость;
    Готовая к использованию базовая инфраструктура;
    Изготовление в заводских условиях: сборные контейнеры (PAC) и сборные здания (PMB);
    Быстрота развертывания;
    Возможность демонтажа;
    Снижение времени вывода на рынок (TTM);
    Сокращение сроков строительства;
    Экологичность;

    Map applications to DC Class

    We hope you join us on this incredible journey of change and innovation!

    Long hours of research and engineering time are invested into this process. There are still some long days and nights ahead, but the vision is clear. Rest assured however, that we as refine Generation 4, the team will soon be looking to Generation 5 (even if it is a bit farther out). There is always room to get better.


    Использование систем электропитания постоянного тока.

    Мы надеемся, что вы присоединитесь к нам в этом невероятном путешествии по миру изменений и инноваций!

    На этот проект уже потрачены долгие часы исследований и проектирования. И еще предстоит потратить много дней и ночей, но мы имеем четкое представление о конечной цели. Однако будьте уверены, что как только мы доведем до конца проект модульного дата-центра четвертого поколения, мы вскоре начнем думать о проекте дата-центра пятого поколения. Всегда есть возможность для улучшений.

    So if you happen to come across Goldilocks in the forest, and you are curious as to why she is smiling you will know that she feels very good about getting very close to ‘JUST RIGHT’.

    Generations of Evolution – some background on our data center designs

    Так что, если вы встретите в лесу девочку по имени Лютик, и вам станет любопытно, почему она улыбается, вы будете знать, что она очень довольна тем, что очень близко подошла к ‘ОПИМАЛЬНОМУ РЕШЕНИЮ’.
    Поколения эволюции – история развития наших дата-центров

    We thought you might be interested in understanding what happened in the first three generations of our data center designs. When Ray Ozzie wrote his Software plus Services memo it posed a very interesting challenge to us. The winds of change were at ‘tornado’ proportions. That “plus Services” tag had some significant (and unstated) challenges inherent to it. The first was that Microsoft was going to evolve even further into an operations company. While we had been running large scale Internet services since 1995, this development lead us to an entirely new level. Additionally, these “services” would span across both Internet and Enterprise businesses. To those of you who have to operate “stuff”, you know that these are two very different worlds in operational models and challenges. It also meant that, to achieve the same level of reliability and performance required our infrastructure was going to have to scale globally and in a significant way.

    Мы подумали, что может быть вам будет интересно узнать историю первых трех поколений наших центров обработки данных. Когда Рэй Оззи написал свою памятную записку Software plus Services, он поставил перед нами очень интересную задачу. Ветра перемен двигались с ураганной скоростью. Это окончание “plus Services” скрывало в себе какие-то значительные и неопределенные задачи. Первая заключалась в том, что Майкрософт собиралась в еще большей степени стать операционной компанией. Несмотря на то, что мы управляли большими интернет-сервисами, начиная с 1995 г., эта разработка подняла нас на абсолютно новый уровень. Кроме того, эти “сервисы” охватывали интернет-компании и корпорации. Тем, кому приходится всем этим управлять, известно, что есть два очень разных мира в области операционных моделей и задач. Это также означало, что для достижения такого же уровня надежности и производительности требовалось, чтобы наша инфраструктура располагала значительными возможностями расширения в глобальных масштабах.

    It was that intense atmosphere of change that we first started re-evaluating data center technology and processes in general and our ideas began to reach farther than what was accepted by the industry at large. This was the era of Generation 1. As we look at where most of the world’s data centers are today (and where our facilities were), it represented all the known learning and design requirements that had been in place since IBM built the first purpose-built computer room. These facilities focused more around uptime, reliability and redundancy. Big infrastructure was held accountable to solve all potential environmental shortfalls. This is where the majority of infrastructure in the industry still is today.

    Именно в этой атмосфере серьезных изменений мы впервые начали переоценку ЦОД-технологий и технологий вообще, и наши идеи начали выходить за пределы общепринятых в отрасли представлений. Это была эпоха ЦОД первого поколения. Когда мы узнали, где сегодня располагается большинство мировых дата-центров и где находятся наши предприятия, это представляло весь опыт и навыки проектирования, накопленные со времени, когда IBM построила первую серверную. В этих ЦОД больше внимания уделялось бесперебойной работе, надежности и резервированию. Большая инфраструктура была призвана решать все потенциальные экологические проблемы. Сегодня большая часть инфраструктуры все еще находится на этом этапе своего развития.

    We soon realized that traditional data centers were quickly becoming outdated. They were not keeping up with the demands of what was happening technologically and environmentally. That’s when we kicked off our Generation 2 design. Gen 2 facilities started taking into account sustainability, energy efficiency, and really looking at the total cost of energy and operations.

    Очень быстро мы поняли, что стандартные дата-центры очень быстро становятся устаревшими. Они не поспевали за темпами изменений технологических и экологических требований. Именно тогда мы стали разрабатывать ЦОД второго поколения. В этих дата-центрах Gen 2 стали принимать во внимание такие факторы как устойчивое развитие, энергетическая эффективность, а также общие энергетические и эксплуатационные.

    No longer did we view data centers just for the upfront capital costs, but we took a hard look at the facility over the course of its life. Our Quincy, Washington and San Antonio, Texas facilities are examples of our Gen 2 data centers where we explored and implemented new ways to lessen the impact on the environment. These facilities are considered two leading industry examples, based on their energy efficiency and ability to run and operate at new levels of scale and performance by leveraging clean hydro power (Quincy) and recycled waste water (San Antonio) to cool the facility during peak cooling months.

    Мы больше не рассматривали дата-центры только с точки зрения начальных капитальных затрат, а внимательно следили за работой ЦОД на протяжении его срока службы. Наши объекты в Куинси, Вашингтоне, и Сан-Антонио, Техас, являются образцами наших ЦОД второго поколения, в которых мы изучали и применяли на практике новые способы снижения воздействия на окружающую среду. Эти объекты считаются двумя ведущими отраслевыми примерами, исходя из их энергетической эффективности и способности работать на новых уровнях производительности, основанных на использовании чистой энергии воды (Куинси) и рециклирования отработанной воды (Сан-Антонио) для охлаждения объекта в самых жарких месяцах.

    As we were delivering our Gen 2 facilities into steel and concrete, our Generation 3 facilities were rapidly driving the evolution of the program. The key concepts for our Gen 3 design are increased modularity and greater concentration around energy efficiency and scale. The Gen 3 facility will be best represented by the Chicago, Illinois facility currently under construction. This facility will seem very foreign compared to the traditional data center concepts most of the industry is comfortable with. In fact, if you ever sit around in our container hanger in Chicago it will look incredibly different from a traditional raised-floor data center. We anticipate this modularization will drive huge efficiencies in terms of cost and operations for our business. We will also introduce significant changes in the environmental systems used to run our facilities. These concepts and processes (where applicable) will help us gain even greater efficiencies in our existing footprint, allowing us to further maximize infrastructure investments.

    Так как наши ЦОД второго поколения строились из стали и бетона, наши центры обработки данных третьего поколения начали их быстро вытеснять. Главными концептуальными особенностями ЦОД третьего поколения Gen 3 являются повышенная модульность и большее внимание к энергетической эффективности и масштабированию. Дата-центры третьего поколения лучше всего представлены объектом, который в настоящее время строится в Чикаго, Иллинойс. Этот ЦОД будет выглядеть очень необычно, по сравнению с общепринятыми в отрасли представлениями о дата-центре. Действительно, если вам когда-либо удастся побывать в нашем контейнерном ангаре в Чикаго, он покажется вам совершенно непохожим на обычный дата-центр с фальшполом. Мы предполагаем, что этот модульный подход будет способствовать значительному повышению эффективности нашего бизнеса в отношении затрат и операций. Мы также внесем существенные изменения в климатические системы, используемые в наших ЦОД. Эти концепции и технологии, если применимо, позволят нам добиться еще большей эффективности наших существующих дата-центров, и тем самым еще больше увеличивать капиталовложения в инфраструктуру.

    This is definitely a journey, not a destination industry. In fact, our Generation 4 design has been under heavy engineering for viability and cost for over a year. While the demand of our commercial growth required us to make investments as we grew, we treated each step in the learning as a process for further innovation in data centers. The design for our future Gen 4 facilities enabled us to make visionary advances that addressed the challenges of building, running, and operating facilities all in one concerted effort.

    Это определенно путешествие, а не конечный пункт назначения. На самом деле, наш проект ЦОД четвертого поколения подвергался серьезным испытаниям на жизнеспособность и затраты на протяжении целого года. Хотя необходимость в коммерческом росте требовала от нас постоянных капиталовложений, мы рассматривали каждый этап своего развития как шаг к будущим инновациям в области дата-центров. Проект наших будущих ЦОД четвертого поколения Gen 4 позволил нам делать фантастические предположения, которые касались задач строительства, управления и эксплуатации объектов как единого упорядоченного процесса.

    Тематики

    Синонимы

    EN

    Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > modular data center

  • 5 heaven

    ['hevn]
    1) (in some religions, the place where God or the gods live, and where good people go when they die.) himlen; himmerige
    2) (the sky: He raised his eyes to heaven / the heavens.) himmel
    3) ((something which brings) great happiness: `This is heaven', she said, lying on the beach in the sun.) himmerige; paradis
    •
    - heavenliness
    - heavens
    - heavenly bodies
    - heaven-sent
    - for heaven's sake
    - heaven knows
    - thank heavens
    * * *
    ['hevn]
    1) (in some religions, the place where God or the gods live, and where good people go when they die.) himlen; himmerige
    2) (the sky: He raised his eyes to heaven / the heavens.) himmel
    3) ((something which brings) great happiness: `This is heaven', she said, lying on the beach in the sun.) himmerige; paradis
    •
    - heavenliness
    - heavens
    - heavenly bodies
    - heaven-sent
    - for heaven's sake
    - heaven knows
    - thank heavens

    English-Danish dictionary > heaven

  • 6 Edison, Thomas Alva

    [br]
    b. 11 February 1847 Milan, Ohio, USA
    d. 18 October 1931 Glenmont
    [br]
    American inventor and pioneer electrical developer.
    [br]
    He was the son of Samuel Edison, who was in the timber business. His schooling was delayed due to scarlet fever until 1855, when he was 8½ years old, but he was an avid reader. By the age of 14 he had a job as a newsboy on the railway from Port Huron to Detroit, a distance of sixty-three miles (101 km). He worked a fourteen-hour day with a stopover of five hours, which he spent in the Detroit Free Library. He also sold sweets on the train and, later, fruit and vegetables, and was soon making a profit of $20 a week. He then started two stores in Port Huron and used a spare freight car as a laboratory. He added a hand-printing press to produce 400 copies weekly of The Grand Trunk Herald, most of which he compiled and edited himself. He set himself to learn telegraphy from the station agent at Mount Clements, whose son he had saved from being run over by a freight car.
    At the age of 16 he became a telegraphist at Port Huron. In 1863 he became railway telegraphist at the busy Stratford Junction of the Grand Trunk Railroad, arranging a clock with a notched wheel to give the hourly signal which was to prove that he was awake and at his post! He left hurriedly after failing to hold a train which was nearly involved in a head-on collision. He usually worked the night shift, allowing himself time for experiments during the day. His first invention was an arrangement of two Morse registers so that a high-speed input could be decoded at a slower speed. Moving from place to place he held many positions as a telegraphist. In Boston he invented an automatic vote recorder for Congress and patented it, but the idea was rejected. This was the first of a total of 1180 patents that he was to take out during his lifetime. After six years he resigned from the Western Union Company to devote all his time to invention, his next idea being an improved ticker-tape machine for stockbrokers. He developed a duplex telegraphy system, but this was turned down by the Western Union Company. He then moved to New York.
    Edison found accommodation in the battery room of Law's Gold Reporting Company, sleeping in the cellar, and there his repair of a broken transmitter marked him as someone of special talents. His superior soon resigned, and he was promoted with a salary of $300 a month. Western Union paid him $40,000 for the sole rights on future improvements on the duplex telegraph, and he moved to Ward Street, Newark, New Jersey, where he employed a gathering of specialist engineers. Within a year, he married one of his employees, Mary Stilwell, when she was only 16: a daughter, Marion, was born in 1872, and two sons, Thomas and William, in 1876 and 1879, respectively.
    He continued to work on the automatic telegraph, a device to send out messages faster than they could be tapped out by hand: that is, over fifty words per minute or so. An earlier machine by Alexander Bain worked at up to 400 words per minute, but was not good over long distances. Edison agreed to work on improving this feature of Bain's machine for the Automatic Telegraph Company (ATC) for $40,000. He improved it to a working speed of 500 words per minute and ran a test between Washington and New York. Hoping to sell their equipment to the Post Office in Britain, ATC sent Edison to England in 1873 to negotiate. A 500-word message was to be sent from Liverpool to London every half-hour for six hours, followed by tests on 2,200 miles (3,540 km) of cable at Greenwich. Only confused results were obtained due to induction in the cable, which lay coiled in a water tank. Edison returned to New York, where he worked on his quadruplex telegraph system, tests of which proved a success between New York and Albany in December 1874. Unfortunately, simultaneous negotiation with Western Union and ATC resulted in a lawsuit.
    Alexander Graham Bell was granted a patent for a telephone in March 1876 while Edison was still working on the same idea. His improvements allowed the device to operate over a distance of hundreds of miles instead of only a few miles. Tests were carried out over the 106 miles (170 km) between New York and Philadelphia. Edison applied for a patent on the carbon-button transmitter in April 1877, Western Union agreeing to pay him $6,000 a year for the seventeen-year duration of the patent. In these years he was also working on the development of the electric lamp and on a duplicating machine which would make up to 3,000 copies from a stencil. In 1876–7 he moved from Newark to Menlo Park, twenty-four miles (39 km) from New York on the Pennsylvania Railway, near Elizabeth. He had bought a house there around which he built the premises that would become his "inventions factory". It was there that he began the use of his 200- page pocket notebooks, each of which lasted him about two weeks, so prolific were his ideas. When he died he left 3,400 of them filled with notes and sketches.
    Late in 1877 he applied for a patent for a phonograph which was granted on 19 February 1878, and by the end of the year he had formed a company to manufacture this totally new product. At the time, Edison saw the device primarily as a business aid rather than for entertainment, rather as a dictating machine. In August 1878 he was granted a British patent. In July 1878 he tried to measure the heat from the solar corona at a solar eclipse viewed from Rawlins, Wyoming, but his "tasimeter" was too sensitive.
    Probably his greatest achievement was "The Subdivision of the Electric Light" or the "glow bulb". He tried many materials for the filament before settling on carbon. He gave a demonstration of electric light by lighting up Menlo Park and inviting the public. Edison was, of course, faced with the problem of inventing and producing all the ancillaries which go to make up the electrical system of generation and distribution-meters, fuses, insulation, switches, cabling—even generators had to be designed and built; everything was new. He started a number of manufacturing companies to produce the various components needed.
    In 1881 he built the world's largest generator, which weighed 27 tons, to light 1,200 lamps at the Paris Exhibition. It was later moved to England to be used in the world's first central power station with steam engine drive at Holborn Viaduct, London. In September 1882 he started up his Pearl Street Generating Station in New York, which led to a worldwide increase in the application of electric power, particularly for lighting. At the same time as these developments, he built a 1,300yd (1,190m) electric railway at Menlo Park.
    On 9 August 1884 his wife died of typhoid. Using his telegraphic skills, he proposed to 19-year-old Mina Miller in Morse code while in the company of others on a train. He married her in February 1885 before buying a new house and estate at West Orange, New Jersey, building a new laboratory not far away in the Orange Valley.
    Edison used direct current which was limited to around 250 volts. Alternating current was largely developed by George Westinghouse and Nicola Tesla, using transformers to step up the current to a higher voltage for long-distance transmission. The use of AC gradually overtook the Edison DC system.
    In autumn 1888 he patented a form of cinephotography, the kinetoscope, obtaining film-stock from George Eastman. In 1893 he set up the first film studio, which was pivoted so as to catch the sun, with a hinged roof which could be raised. In 1894 kinetoscope parlours with "peep shows" were starting up in cities all over America. Competition came from the Latham Brothers with a screen-projection machine, which Edison answered with his "Vitascope", shown in New York in 1896. This showed pictures with accompanying sound, but there was some difficulty with synchronization. Edison also experimented with captions at this early date.
    In 1880 he filed a patent for a magnetic ore separator, the first of nearly sixty. He bought up deposits of low-grade iron ore which had been developed in the north of New Jersey. The process was a commercial success until the discovery of iron-rich ore in Minnesota rendered it uneconomic and uncompetitive. In 1898 cement rock was discovered in New Village, west of West Orange. Edison bought the land and started cement manufacture, using kilns twice the normal length and using half as much fuel to heat them as the normal type of kiln. In 1893 he met Henry Ford, who was building his second car, at an Edison convention. This started him on the development of a battery for an electric car on which he made over 9,000 experiments. In 1903 he sold his patent for wireless telegraphy "for a song" to Guglielmo Marconi.
    In 1910 Edison designed a prefabricated concrete house. In December 1914 fire destroyed three-quarters of the West Orange plant, but it was at once rebuilt, and with the threat of war Edison started to set up his own plants for making all the chemicals that he had previously been buying from Europe, such as carbolic acid, phenol, benzol, aniline dyes, etc. He was appointed President of the Navy Consulting Board, for whom, he said, he made some forty-five inventions, "but they were pigeonholed, every one of them". Thus did Edison find that the Navy did not take kindly to civilian interference.
    In 1927 he started the Edison Botanic Research Company, founded with similar investment from Ford and Firestone with the object of finding a substitute for overseas-produced rubber. In the first year he tested no fewer than 3,327 possible plants, in the second year, over 1,400, eventually developing a variety of Golden Rod which grew to 14 ft (4.3 m) in height. However, all this effort and money was wasted, due to the discovery of synthetic rubber.
    In October 1929 he was present at Henry Ford's opening of his Dearborn Museum to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the incandescent lamp, including a replica of the Menlo Park laboratory. He was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal and was elected to the American Academy of Sciences. He died in 1931 at his home, Glenmont; throughout the USA, lights were dimmed temporarily on the day of his funeral.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Member of the American Academy of Sciences. Congressional Gold Medal.
    Further Reading
    M.Josephson, 1951, Edison, Eyre \& Spottiswode.
    R.W.Clark, 1977, Edison, the Man who Made the Future, Macdonald \& Jane.
    IMcN

    Biographical history of technology > Edison, Thomas Alva

  • 7 heaven

    'hevn
    1) (in some religions, the place where God or the gods live, and where good people go when they die.) cielo, paraíso
    2) (the sky: He raised his eyes to heaven / the heavens.) cielo
    3) ((something which brings) great happiness: `This is heaven', she said, lying on the beach in the sun.) paraíso, gloria
    •
    - heavenliness
    - heavens
    - heavenly bodies
    - heaven-sent
    - for heaven's sake
    - heaven knows
    - thank heavens
    heaven n cielo
    for heaven's sake! ¡por Dios!
    tr['hevən]
    1 cielo
    2 familiar gloria, paraíso
    1 cielo
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    to be in seventh heaven estar en el séptimo cielo
    this is heaven! familiar ¡ésto es la gloria!
    heavens! ¡cielos!
    good heavens! familiar ¡santo cielo!, ¡por Dios!, ¡madre mía!
    thank heavens! ¡gracias a Dios!
    for heaven's sake! familiar ¡por el amor de Dios!
    heaven knows! familiar ¡ni idea!
    heaven forbid! ¡no lo quiera Dios!
    to move heaven and earth mover cielo y tierra
    heaven ['hɛvən] n
    1) : cielo m
    2) heavens npl
    sky: cielo m
    the heavens opened up: empezó a llover a cántaros
    n.
    • cielo s.m.
    • firmamento s.m.
    'hevən
    1) ( place) cielo m

    to be in seventh heaven — estar* en el séptimo cielo

    to move heaven and earth — remover* (el) cielo y (la) tierra

    2) ( sky) (usu pl) cielo m

    to stink to high heaven — (colloq) oler* que apesta (fam)

    3) (in interj phrases, as intensifier)

    (good) heavens! — Dios mío!, santo cielo!

    did you vote for him? - (good) heavens, no! — ¿votaste por él? - ¿estás loca?

    heavens to Betsy! — (AmE hum) cielo santo!

    they gave her the job, heaven knows why — le dieron el trabajo a ella, vete a saber porqué; forbid 2), name I 1), sake c)

    4) ( bliss) (colloq)

    how was your vacation? - it was heaven — ¿qué tal las vacaciones? - divinas or sensacionales (fam)

    ['hevn]
    N
    1) (Rel) (gen) cielo m

    (good) heavens! — ¡cielos!

    • an injustice that cries out to heaven — una injusticia que clama al cielo

    • heaven forbid! — ¡no lo quiera Dios!

    heaven forbid that we end up in the same hotel! — ¡ojalá no or quiera Dios que no terminemos en el mismo hotel!

    • heaven help them if they do — que Dios les ayude si lo hacen

    • heaven knows why — Dios sabe por qué

    • what in heaven's name does that mean? — ¿qué demonios significa eso?

    • the heavens opened — se abrieron los cielos, las nubes descargaron con fuerza

    • for heaven's sake! — ¡por Dios!

    • thank heaven! — ¡gracias a Dios!, ¡menos mal!

    - move heaven and earth to do sth
    - stink to high heaven
    - be in seventh heaven
    2) (fig) paraíso m

    isn't he heaven? — ¡qué maravilla de hombre!

    * * *
    ['hevən]
    1) ( place) cielo m

    to be in seventh heaven — estar* en el séptimo cielo

    to move heaven and earth — remover* (el) cielo y (la) tierra

    2) ( sky) (usu pl) cielo m

    to stink to high heaven — (colloq) oler* que apesta (fam)

    3) (in interj phrases, as intensifier)

    (good) heavens! — Dios mío!, santo cielo!

    did you vote for him? - (good) heavens, no! — ¿votaste por él? - ¿estás loca?

    heavens to Betsy! — (AmE hum) cielo santo!

    they gave her the job, heaven knows why — le dieron el trabajo a ella, vete a saber porqué; forbid 2), name I 1), sake c)

    4) ( bliss) (colloq)

    how was your vacation? - it was heaven — ¿qué tal las vacaciones? - divinas or sensacionales (fam)

    English-spanish dictionary > heaven

  • 8 Senefelder, Alois

    SUBJECT AREA: Paper and printing
    [br]
    b. 6 November 1771 Prague, Bohemia (now Czech Republic)
    d. 26 February 1834 Munich, Germany
    [br]
    German inventor of lithography.
    [br]
    Soon after his birth, Senefelder's family moved to Mannheim, where his father, an actor, had obtained a position in the state theatre. He was educated there, until he gained a scholarship to the university of Ingolstadt. The young Senefelder wanted to follow his father on to the stage, but the latter insisted that he study law. He nevertheless found time to write short pieces for the theatre. One of these, when he was 18 years old, was an encouraging success. When his father died in 1791, he gave up his studies and took to a new life as poet and actor. However, the wandering life of a repertory actor palled after two years and he settled for the more comfortable pursuit of playwriting. He had some of his work printed, which acquainted him with the art of printing, but he fell out with his bookseller. He therefore resolved to carry out his own printing, but he could not afford the equipment of a conventional letterpress printer. He began to explore other ways of printing and so set out on the path that was to lead to an entirely new method.
    He tried writing in reverse on a copper plate with some acid-resisting material and etching the plate, to leave a relief image that could then be inked and printed. He knew that oily substances would resist acid, but it required many experiments to arrive at a composition of wax, soap and charcoal dust dissolved in rainwater. The plates wore down with repeated polishing, so he substituted stone plates. He continued to etch them and managed to make good prints with them, but he went on to make the surprising discovery that etching was unnecessary. If the image to be printed was made with the oily composition and the stone moistened, he found that only the oily image received the ink while the moistened part rejected it. The printing surface was neither raised (as in letterpress printing) nor incised (as in intaglio printing): Senefelder had discovered the third method of printing.
    He arrived at a workable process over the years 1796 to 1799, and in 1800 he was granted an English patent. In the same year, lithography (or "writing on stone") was introduced into France and Senefelder himself took it to England, but it was some time before it became widespread; it was taken up by artists especially for high-quality printing of art works. Meanwhile, Senefelder improved his techniques, finding that other materials, even paper, could be used in place of stone. In fact, zinc plates were widely used from the 1820s, but the name "lithography" stuck. Although he won world renown and was honoured by most of the crowned heads of Europe, he never became rich because he dissipated his profits through restless experimenting.
    With the later application of the offset principle, initiated by Barclay, lithography has become the most widely used method of printing.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1911, Alois Senefelder, Inventor of Lithography, trans. J.W.Muller, New York: Fuchs \& Line (Senefelder's autobiography).
    Further Reading
    W.Weber, 1981, Alois Senefelder, Erfinder der Lithographie, Frankfurt-am-Main: Polygraph Verlag.
    M.Tyman, 1970, Lithography 1800–1950, London: Oxford University Press (describes the invention and its development; with biographical details).
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Senefelder, Alois

  • 9 heaven

    ['hevn]
    1) relig. (anche Heaven) cielo m., paradiso m.
    3) (bliss) (state, place) paradiso m.
    4) (sky) cielo m.
    ••
    * * *
    ['hevn]
    1) (in some religions, the place where God or the gods live, and where good people go when they die.) paradiso
    2) (the sky: He raised his eyes to heaven / the heavens.) cielo
    3) ((something which brings) great happiness: `This is heaven', she said, lying on the beach in the sun.) paradiso
    •
    - heavenliness
    - heavens
    - heavenly bodies
    - heaven-sent
    - for heaven's sake
    - heaven knows
    - thank heavens
    * * *
    ['hevn]
    1) relig. (anche Heaven) cielo m., paradiso m.
    3) (bliss) (state, place) paradiso m.
    4) (sky) cielo m.
    ••

    English-Italian dictionary > heaven

  • 10 heaven

    noun
    1) Himmel, der

    in heaven — im Himmel

    go to heaven — in den Himmel kommen

    it was heaven [to her] — (fig.) es war der Himmel auf Erden [für sie]

    2) in pl., (poet.) in sing. (sky) Firmament, das
    3) (God, Providence)

    for Heaven's sake — um Gottes od. Himmels willen

    thank Heaven[s] — Gott sei Dank; see also academic.ru/28748/forbid">forbid 2)

    * * *
    ['hevn]
    1) (in some religions, the place where God or the gods live, and where good people go when they die.) der Himmel
    2) (the sky: He raised his eyes to heaven / the heavens.) der Himmel
    3) ((something which brings) great happiness: `This is heaven', she said, lying on the beach in the sun.) der Himmel
    •
    - heavenly
    - heavenliness
    - heavens
    - heavenly bodies
    - heaven-sent
    - for heaven's sake
    - heaven knows
    - thank heavens
    * * *
    heav·en
    [ˈhevən]
    n
    1. no pl (not hell) Himmel m; ( fig) Himmel m, Paradies nt
    it's \heaven! ( fam) es ist himmlisch! fam
    this ice cream is \heaven dieses Eis ist ein Gedicht
    to be \heaven on earth ( fig) der Himmel auf Erden sein
    to be in [seventh] \heaven ( fig) im [siebten] Himmel sein
    to go to \heaven in den Himmel kommen
    to be sent from \heaven ( fig hum) vom Himmel geschickt sein
    2. ( poet: sky)
    ▪ the \heavens pl das Firmament poet, der Himmel
    the \heavens opened der Himmel öffnete seine Schleusen
    in the \heavens am Firmament [o Himmel
    3.
    ▶ \heavens above! du lieber Himmel!
    ▶ \heaven forbid! Gott bewahre!, bloß nicht!
    ▶ good \heavens! großer Gott!, du lieber Himmel!
    ▶ \heaven help us! der Himmel steh uns bei!
    ▶ to move \heaven and earth to do sth Himmel und Hölle in Bewegung setzen, um etw zu tun
    ▶ what/where/when/who/why in \heaven's name...? was/wo/wann/wer/warum in Gottes Namen...?
    ▶ \heavens no! um Gottes willen!, bloß nicht!
    ▶ \heaven only knows weiß der Himmel fam
    ▶ for \heavens sake! um Himmels [o Gottes] willen!
    ▶ to stink to high \heaven zum Himmel stinken
    ▶ thank \heavens!, \heaven be thanked! Gott [o dem Himmel] sei Dank!
    * * *
    ['hevn]
    n

    he is in ( seventh) heaven — er ist im siebten Himmel

    (good) heavens! — (du) lieber Himmel! (inf), du liebe Zeit! (inf)

    would you like to? – (good) heavens no! — möchten Sie? – um Gottes or Himmels willen, bloß nicht!

    I wish to heaven ( that)... — ich wünschte mir wirklich, dass...

    heaven knows what... — weiß Gott or der Himmel, was... (inf)

    heaven help the man she marries — der arme Mann, den sie mal heiratet (inf)

    what in heaven's name...? — was um Himmels or Gottes willen...?

    * * *
    heaven [ˈhevn] s
    1. Himmel(reich) m(n):
    in heaven and earth im Himmel und auf Erden;
    go to heaven in den Himmel eingehen oder kommen;
    move heaven and earth fig Himmel und Hölle in Bewegung setzen;
    the Heaven of heavens, the seventh heaven der sieb(en)te Himmel;
    be in seventh heaven fig sich (wie) im sieb(en)ten Himmel fühlen
    2. Heaven Himmel m, Gott m:
    the Heavens die himmlischen Mächte
    3. (in Ausrufen) Himmel m, Gott m:
    by heaven!, (good) heavens! du lieber Himmel!;
    heaven knows what … weiß der Himmel, was …;
    thank heaven! Gott sei Dank!;
    what in heaven …? was in aller Welt …?; → forbid A 2, B, sake1
    4. meist pl Himmel(sgewölbe) m(n), Firmament n:
    the northern heavens der nördliche (Stern-)Himmel;
    the heavens opened der Himmel öffnete seine Schleusen; → stink A 2
    5. Himmel m, Klima n, Zone f
    6. fig Himmel m, Paradies n:
    heaven on earth der Himmel auf Erden;
    it was heaven es war himmlisch
    7. (Bühnen) Himmel m
    * * *
    noun
    1) Himmel, der

    it was heaven [to her] — (fig.) es war der Himmel auf Erden [für sie]

    2) in pl., (poet.) in sing. (sky) Firmament, das
    3) (God, Providence)

    for Heaven's sake — um Gottes od. Himmels willen

    thank Heaven[s] — Gott sei Dank; see also forbid 2)

    * * *
    n.
    Himmel - m.

    English-german dictionary > heaven

  • 11 heaven

    'hevn
    1) (in some religions, the place where God or the gods live, and where good people go when they die.) himmelen, himmerike
    2) (the sky: He raised his eyes to heaven / the heavens.) himmelen, himmelhvelvingen
    3) ((something which brings) great happiness: `This is heaven', she said, lying on the beach in the sun.) salighet, den sjuende himmel
    •
    - heavenliness
    - heavens
    - heavenly bodies
    - heaven-sent
    - for heaven's sake
    - heaven knows
    - thank heavens
    himmel
    subst. \/ˈhevn\/
    1) himmel, himmelvelv
    2) (hverdagslig, i utrop) himmel, himmelen
    3) ( religion) himmelrike, himmelriket, Gud, himmelen
    by Heaven(s)! ved Gud!
    good Heavens! eller good gracious! du store himmel!, jøss!, (du) gode Gud!, du store tid!
    go to heaven komme til himmelen
    Heaven forbid! Gud forby!, måtte Gud forby det!
    in the seventh heaven i den sjuende himmel
    move heaven and earth sette himmel og jord i bevegelse
    • that guy smells to high heaven, and so does the deal you've cut with him
    den fyren stinker, og det gjør opplegget du har med ham også
    thank Heaven! gudskjelov!, takk og pris!
    would to Heaven... om bare...

    English-Norwegian dictionary > heaven

  • 12 heaven

    ['hevn]
    1) (in some religions, the place where God or the gods live, and where good people go when they die.) himnaríki
    2) (the sky: He raised his eyes to heaven / the heavens.) himinn; himinhvolfin
    3) ((something which brings) great happiness: `This is heaven', she said, lying on the beach in the sun.) sælustaður, sæla
    •
    - heavenliness
    - heavens
    - heavenly bodies
    - heaven-sent
    - for heaven's sake
    - heaven knows
    - thank heavens

    English-Icelandic dictionary > heaven

  • 13 heaven

    paradicsom, ég, menny
    * * *
    ['hevn]
    1) (in some religions, the place where God or the gods live, and where good people go when they die.) mennyország
    2) (the sky: He raised his eyes to heaven / the heavens.) ég
    3) ((something which brings) great happiness: `This is heaven', she said, lying on the beach in the sun.) menny(ország)
    •
    - heavenliness
    - heavens
    - heavenly bodies
    - heaven-sent
    - for heaven's sake
    - heaven knows
    - thank heavens

    English-Hungarian dictionary > heaven

  • 14 Heaven

    ['hevn]
    1) (in some religions, the place where God or the gods live, and where good people go when they die.) céu
    2) (the sky: He raised his eyes to heaven / the heavens.) céu
    3) ((something which brings) great happiness: `This is heaven', she said, lying on the beach in the sun.) paraíso
    •
    - heavenliness
    - heavens
    - heavenly bodies
    - heaven-sent
    - for heaven's sake
    - heaven knows
    - thank heavens
    * * *
    Heav.en2
    [h'evən] n 1 Deus, Poder Supremo, Divina Providência. 2 as forças divinas.

    English-Portuguese dictionary > Heaven

  • 15 heaven

    ['hevn]
    1) (in some religions, the place where God or the gods live, and where good people go when they die.) céu
    2) (the sky: He raised his eyes to heaven / the heavens.) céu
    3) ((something which brings) great happiness: `This is heaven', she said, lying on the beach in the sun.) paraíso
    •
    - heavenliness
    - heavens
    - heavenly bodies
    - heaven-sent
    - for heaven's sake
    - heaven knows
    - thank heavens
    * * *
    heav.en1
    [h'evən] n 1 céu, firmamento. 2 lugar de eterna bem-aventurança, paraíso. for heaven’s sake! pelo amor de Deus!

    English-Portuguese dictionary > heaven

  • 16 relief

    [rə'li:f]
    1) (a lessening or stopping of pain, worry, boredom etc: When one has a headache, an aspirin brings relief; He gave a sigh of relief; It was a great relief to find nothing had been stolen.) alívio
    2) (help (eg food) given to people in need of it: famine relief; ( also adjective) A relief fund has been set up to send supplies to the refugees.) socorro
    3) (a person who takes over some job or task from another person, usually after a given period of time: The bus-driver was waiting for his relief; ( also adjective) a relief driver.) substituto
    4) (the act of freeing a town etc from siege: the relief of Mafeking.) libertação
    5) (a way of carving etc in which the design is raised above the level of its background: a carving in relief.) relevo
    •
    - relieved
    * * *
    re.lief1
    [ril'i:f] n 1 alívio. 2 assistência, socorro, ajuda. 3 remédio. 4 revezamento ou substituição de pessoal ou tropas. 5 indulto. 6 Mil pl reforços. 7 libertação (após um cerco). 8 Euphem satisfação sexual. indoor relief serviço de assistência social interno. light/ comic relief Theat, Lit, Cin mudança divertida e agradável (durante um drama). much to one’s relief para satisfação de alguém. on relief recebendo assistência social.
    ————————
    re.lief2
    [ril'i:f] n 1 relevo, saliência. 2 realce, contraste, distinção. 3 Archit saliência. 4 Geol elevação de terreno, parte montanhosa. in relief em relevo. to place / throw into relief realçar. to stand in bold relief destacar-se, sobressair.

    English-Portuguese dictionary > relief

  • 17 heaven

    n. allah, tanrı
    ————————
    n. gök, mutluluk, gökyüzü, sema, cennet
    * * *
    cennet
    * * *
    ['hevn]
    1) (in some religions, the place where God or the gods live, and where good people go when they die.) cennet
    2) (the sky: He raised his eyes to heaven / the heavens.) gök, gökyüzü
    3) ((something which brings) great happiness: `This is heaven', she said, lying on the beach in the sun.) sonsuz mutluluk, cennet
    •
    - heavenliness
    - heavens
    - heavenly bodies
    - heaven-sent
    - for heaven's sake
    - heaven knows
    - thank heavens

    English-Turkish dictionary > heaven

  • 18 heaven

    ['hevn]
    1) (in some religions, the place where God or the gods live, and where good people go when they die.) nebesa
    2) (the sky: He raised his eyes to heaven / the heavens.) nebo
    3) ((something which brings) great happiness: `This is heaven', she said, lying on the beach in the sun.) raj
    •
    - heavenliness
    - heavens
    - heavenly bodies
    - heaven-sent
    - for heaven's sake
    - heaven knows
    - thank heavens
    * * *
    [hevn]
    noun
    nebesa; plural nebesni svod, nebo, nébes; cona; podnebje; figuratively raj, blaženstvo
    Heaven — bog
    by heaven — ali good heavens! — sveta nebesa!
    to move heaven and earth — vse napraviti, vsak kamen obrniti
    in the seventh heaven — v devetih nebesih, blažen
    figuratively colloquially to heaven, to high — nezaslišano, smrdi do neba
    what in heaven? — kaj za boga?

    English-Slovenian dictionary > heaven

  • 19 heaven

    • taivas
    * * *
    'hevn
    1) (in some religions, the place where God or the gods live, and where good people go when they die.) taivas
    2) (the sky: He raised his eyes to heaven / the heavens.) taivas
    3) ((something which brings) great happiness: `This is heaven', she said, lying on the beach in the sun.) paratiisi
    •
    - heavenliness
    - heavens
    - heavenly bodies
    - heaven-sent
    - for heaven's sake
    - heaven knows
    - thank heavens

    English-Finnish dictionary > heaven

  • 20 heaven

    ['hɛvn]
    n
    niebo nt, raj m
    * * *
    ['hevn]
    1) (in some religions, the place where God or the gods live, and where good people go when they die.) niebo
    2) (the sky: He raised his eyes to heaven / the heavens.) niebo
    3) ((something which brings) great happiness: `This is heaven', she said, lying on the beach in the sun.) niebo, raj
    •
    - heavenliness
    - heavens
    - heavenly bodies
    - heaven-sent
    - for heaven's sake
    - heaven knows
    - thank heavens

    English-Polish dictionary > heaven

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  • United States v. Place — SCOTUSCase Litigants=United States v. Place ArgueDate=March 2 ArgueYear=1983 DecideDate=June 20 DecideYear=1983 FullName=United States of America v. Raymond J. Place USVol=462 USPage=696 Citation=103 S. Ct. 2637, 77 L. Ed. 2d 110, 1983 U.S. LEXIS …   Wikipedia

  • The Women of Brewster Place (novel) — The Women of Brewster Place, (1982) is the first novel by noted American author Gloria Naylor. It was adapted into the 1989 miniseries The Women of Brewster Place and the 1990 ongoing series Brewster Place by Oprah Winfrey s Harpo Productions.… …   Wikipedia

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