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at+this+point+in+her+career

  • 81 long

    1. long [lɒŋ, Am lɑ:ŋ] adj
    1) ( in space) lang;
    ( elongated) lang, länglich; (fam: tall) groß, lang ( fam)
    the rods are 20 cm \long die Stäbe sind 20 cm lang;
    we're still a \long way from the station wir sind noch weit vom Bahnhof entfernt;
    as \long as one's arm ( fig) ellenlang;
    there was a list of complaints as \long as your arm es gab eine ellenlange Liste von Beschwerden;
    \long journey weite Reise;
    to have come a \long way einen weiten Weg zurückgelegt haben, von weit her gekommen sein;
    to go a \long way ( fig) es weit [o zu etwas] bringen;
    to go a \long way toward[s] sth ( fig) eine große Hilfe bei etw dat sein;
    to have a \long way to go ( fig) [noch] einen weiten Weg vor sich dat haben
    2) ( in time) lang;
    ( tedious) lang, langwierig ( pej)
    we go back a \long way wir kennen uns schon seit ewigen Zeiten;
    each session is an hour \long jede Sitzung dauert eine Stunde;
    to draw a \long breath tief Luft holen;
    \long career [jahre]lange Karriere;
    a \long day ein langer [und anstrengender] Tag;
    \long friendship langjährige Freundschaft;
    a \long memory ein gutes Gedächtnis;
    to have a \long memory for sth etw nicht so schnell vergessen;
    \long service jahrelanger Dienst;
    a \long time eine lange Zeit;
    it was a \long time before I received a reply es dauerte lange, bis ich [eine] Antwort bekam;
    to be a \long while since... [schon] eine Weile her sein, seit...;
    to work \long hours einen langen Arbeitstag haben
    3) ( in extent) lang;
    the report is 20 pages \long der Bericht ist 20 Seiten lang;
    a \long book ein dickes Buch;
    a \long list eine lange Liste
    4) pred ( fam);
    to be \long on sth etw reichlich haben;
    to be \long on charm jede Menge Charme besitzen;
    to be \long on wit sehr geistreich sein
    5) ling
    a \long vowel ein langer Vokal
    \long chance geringe Chance;
    \long odds geringe [Gewinn]chancen
    7) fin
    a \long security/ shares eine Versicherung/Aktien fpl mit langer Laufzeit
    PHRASES:
    the \long arm of the law der lange Arm des Gesetzes;
    [not] by a \long chalk bei weitem [nicht];
    in the \long run langfristig gesehen, auf lange Sicht [gesehen];
    \long time, no see ( no see) ( fam) lange nicht gesehen ( fam)
    to be \long in the tooth nicht mehr der Jüngste sein;
    to be \long in the tooth to do sth zu alt sein, [um] etw zu tun;
    to take the \long view [of sth] [etw] auf lange Sicht betrachten n
    1) ( long period) eine lange Zeit;
    have you been waiting for \long? wartest du schon lange?;
    to take \long [to do sth] lange brauchen[, um etw zu tun];
    it won't take \long es wird nicht lange dauern;
    take as \long as you like lass dir Zeit
    2) ( in Morse code) lang;
    one short and three \longs einmal kurz und dreimal lang
    PHRASES:
    the \long and the short of sth kurz gesagt;
    before [very [or too]] \long schon [sehr] bald adv
    1) ( for a long time) lang[e];
    have you been waiting \long? wartest du schon lange?;
    how \long have you lived here? wie lange haben Sie hier gewohnt?;
    the authorities have \long known that... ( form) den Behörden war seit langem bekannt, dass...;
    \long live the king! lang lebe der König!;
    to be \long lange brauchen;
    I won't be \long ( before finishing) ich bin gleich fertig;
    ( before appearing) ich bin gleich da;
    don't be \long beeil dich!
    2) ( at a distant time) lange;
    \long ago vor langer Zeit;
    \long after/before... lange nachdem/bevor...
    I can't wait any \longer to open my presents! ich kann es gar nicht [mehr] erwarten, endlich meine Geschenke auszupacken!
    all day/ night/summer \long den ganzen Tag/die ganze Nacht/den ganzen Sommer [lang]
    PHRASES:
    to be not \long for this world (dated) nicht mehr lange zu leben haben, mit einem Fuß/Bein im Grabe sein ( fam)
    as [or so] \long as... so lange...;
    ( provided that) sofern..., vorausgesetzt, dass...;
    so \long (dated) tschüs, bis dann
    2. long [lɒŋ, Am lɑ:ŋ] vi
    sich akk sehnen;
    to \long for sth sich akk nach etw dat sehnen;
    to \long to do sth sich akk danach sehnen, etw zu tun
    3. long
    4. n geog abbrev of longitude Länge f

    English-German students dictionary > long

  • 82 stop

    stop [stɒp]
    arrêt ⇒ 1 (a)-(c), 1 (f) gare ⇒ 1 (a) station ⇒ 1 (a) pause ⇒ 1 (b) arrêter ⇒ 3 (a), 3 (c), 3 (d), 3 (f) cesser ⇒ 3 (a), 4 (b) empêcher ⇒ 3 (b) interrompre ⇒ 3 (d) couper ⇒ 3 (d) mettre fin à ⇒ 1 (d), 3 (e) retenir ⇒ 3 (g) s'arrêter ⇒ 4 (a), 4 (b)
    (pt & pp stopped, cont stopping)
    1 noun
    (a) (stopping place → for buses) arrêt m; (→ for trains) gare f; (→ for underground) station f;
    ∎ we get off at the next stop nous descendons au prochain arrêt
    (b) (break → in journey, process) arrêt m, halte f; (→ in work) pause f; Aviation & Nautical escale f;
    ∎ ten minutes' stop, a ten-minute stop dix minutes d'arrêt;
    ∎ to make a stop (gen) s'arrêter; (of plane, boat) faire escale;
    ∎ we made several stops to pick up passengers nous nous sommes arrêtés à plusieurs reprises pour prendre des passagers;
    ∎ we travelled/worked all day without a stop nous avons voyagé/travaillé toute la journée sans nous arrêter;
    ∎ our first stop was Brussels nous avons fait une première halte à Bruxelles;
    ∎ let's have a stop for lunch faisons une pause pour le déjeuner;
    ∎ my whole career has been full of stops and starts ma carrière entière est faite de hauts et de bas
    (c) (standstill) arrêt m;
    ∎ to come to a stop s'arrêter;
    ∎ to bring sth to a stop arrêter qch;
    ∎ to be at a stop être arrêté
    ∎ to put a stop to sth mettre fin ou un terme à qch
    (f) Sport (save) arrêt m
    (g) (on organ → pipes) jeu m (d'orgue); (→ knob) registre m (d'orgue);
    ∎ figurative to pull out all the stops (to do sth) remuer ciel et terre (pour faire qch)
    (h) (plug, stopper) bouchon m
    (i) (blocking device → gen) butoir m; (→ for drawer) butée f; (→ on typewriter) taquet m
    (j) Photography diaphragme m
    (k) Linguistics occlusive f
    (l) (in bridge) contrôle m;
    ∎ to have a stop in hearts avoir un contrôle à cœur
    (button, mechanism, signal) d'arrêt
    (a) (cease, finish) arrêter, cesser;
    ∎ to stop doing arrêter ou cesser de faire;
    ∎ it hasn't stopped raining all day il n'a pas arrêté ou cessé de pleuvoir toute la journée;
    ∎ you should stop smoking tu devrais arrêter de fumer;
    ∎ he never stops talking il n'arrête pas de parler, il parle sans cesse;
    ∎ I wish they'd stop that noise! j'aimerais qu'ils arrêtent ce bruit!;
    ∎ she stopped work when she got married elle a arrêté de travailler quand elle s'est mariée;
    ∎ stop it! (to naughty child) ça suffit!, assez!;
    ∎ stop it, that hurts! arrête, ça fait mal!
    (b) (prevent) empêcher;
    ∎ to stop sb (from) doing sth empêcher qn de faire qch;
    ∎ it's too late to stop the meeting from taking place il est trop tard pour empêcher la réunion d'avoir lieu;
    ∎ she's made up her mind and there's nothing we can do to stop her elle a pris sa décision et nous ne pouvons rien faire pour l'arrêter;
    ∎ what's stopping you? qu'est-ce qui vous retient?, qu'est-ce qui vous en empêche?;
    ∎ I couldn't stop myself je n'ai pas pu m'en empêcher
    (c) (cause to halt → person, car, machine) arrêter;
    ∎ this lever stops the motor ce levier arrête le moteur;
    ∎ I managed to stop the car j'ai réussi à arrêter la voiture;
    ∎ a policeman stopped the traffic un agent arrêta la circulation;
    ∎ we could do nothing to stop the bleeding nous ne pouvions rien faire pour arrêter l'hémorragie;
    ∎ a woman stopped me to ask the way to the station une femme m'a arrêté pour me demander le chemin de la gare;
    ∎ the sound of voices stopped him short or stopped him in his tracks un bruit de voix le fit s'arrêter net;
    ∎ familiar to stop a bullet se prendre une balle;
    ∎ stop thief! au voleur!
    (d) (interrupt → activity, production) interrompre, arrêter; (cut off → electricity, gas, water) couper; (suspend → grant, payment, subscription) suspendre;
    ∎ once he starts talking about the war there's no stopping him une fois qu'il commence à parler de la guerre, on ne peut plus l'arrêter;
    ∎ the referee stopped the fight in the third round l'arbitre a arrêté le combat à la troisième reprise;
    ∎ I forgot to stop the newspaper j'ai oublié de faire suspendre mon abonnement au journal;
    ∎ his father threatened to stop his allowance son père menaça de lui couper les vivres;
    ∎ Military all leave is stopped toutes les troupes sont consignées, toutes les permissions sont suspendues;
    ∎ to stop a cheque faire opposition à un chèque
    (e) (put an end to → abuse, rumours) mettre fin à, faire cesser;
    ∎ dumping nuclear waste should be stopped il faut qu'on arrête de jeter n'importe où les déchets nucléaires;
    ∎ it ought to be stopped il faut que cela cesse
    (f) (arrest) arrêter
    (g) British (withhold → sum of money, salary) retenir;
    ∎ the money will be stopped out of your wages la somme sera retenue sur votre salaire;
    ∎ he had £10 a week stopped out of his wages on lui retenait 10 livres par semaine sur son salaire;
    ∎ taxes are stopped at source les impôts sont retenus à la source
    (h) Sport (check → blow) parer; Boxing (defeat → opponent) mettre un adversaire K.O.
    (i) (block, fill → hole) boucher;
    ∎ to stop one's ears se boucher les oreilles;
    ∎ to stop a gap (around door etc) boucher un espace; figurative combler une lacune
    (j) (fill → tooth) plomber
    (k) Horticulture pincer
    (l) Music (string) presser; (wind instrument) boucher les trous de
    (a) (halt, pause → person, vehicle, machine) s'arrêter;
    ∎ to stop to do s'arrêter pour faire;
    ∎ go on, don't stop continue, ne t'arrête pas;
    ∎ my watch has stopped ma montre s'est ou est arrêtée;
    ∎ does the bus stop near the church? le bus s'arrête-t-il près de l'église?;
    ∎ we can stop for tea on the way nous pouvons nous arrêter en chemin pour prendre le thé;
    ∎ we drove from London to Edinburgh without stopping nous avons roulé de Londres à Édimbourg d'une traite;
    ∎ the bus kept stopping and starting le bus a fait beaucoup d'arrêts en cours de route;
    ∎ Nautical to stop at a port faire escale à ou dans un port;
    ∎ I used to play football but I stopped last year je jouais au football mais j'ai arrêté l'année dernière;
    ∎ she doesn't know where or when to stop elle ne sait pas s'arrêter;
    ∎ she did not stop at that elle ne s'en tint pas là;
    ∎ they'll stop at nothing to get what they want ils ne reculeront devant rien pour obtenir ce qu'ils veulent;
    ∎ we don't have time to stop and think nous n'avons pas le temps de nous arrêter pour réfléchir;
    ∎ if you stopped to consider, you'd never do anything si on prenait le temps de réfléchir, on ne ferait jamais rien;
    ∎ to stop dead in one's tracks, to stop short s'arrêter net;
    ∎ she began talking then stopped short elle commença à parler puis s'arrêta net ou brusquement;
    ∎ they stopped short of actually harming him ils ne lui ont pas fait de mal, mais il s'en est fallu de peu
    (b) (come to an end) cesser, s'arrêter, se terminer;
    ∎ the rain has stopped la pluie s'est arrêtée;
    ∎ wait for the music to stop attendez que la musique s'arrête;
    ∎ the road stops a few miles east of Alice Springs la route se termine à quelques kilomètres à l'est d'Alice Springs;
    ∎ the matter will not stop there l'affaire n'en restera ou demeurera pas là
    (c) British familiar (stay) rester□ ; (reside) loger□ ;
    ∎ I'm late, I can't stop je suis en retard, je ne peux pas rester;
    ∎ we've got friends stopping with us nous avons des amis chez nous en ce moment;
    ∎ which hotel did you stop at? dans quel hôtel êtes-vous descendus□ ?
    ►► stop bath bain m d'arrêt;
    Computing stop bit bit m d'arrêt;
    Computing stop code code m d'arrêt;
    stop consonant (consonne f) occlusive f;
    stop order ordre m stop;
    stop payment opposition f (à un chèque);
    British stop press
    1 noun
    nouvelles fpl de dernière minute;
    ∎ 'stop press!' 'dernière minute'
    de dernière heure ou minute;
    stop sign (signal m de) stop m;
    stop valve soupape f ou robinet m d'arrêt
    American familiar passer□
    British familiar rester absent□
    familiar passer□ ;
    ∎ you must stop by and see us next time you're in London il faut que vous passiez nous voir la prochaine fois que vous venez à Londres;
    ∎ I'll stop by at the chemist's on my way home je passerai à la pharmacie en rentrant
    Photography diaphragmer
    (a) Photography réduire l'ouverture
    (b) British familiar (gen) rester en bas□ ;
    ∎ School to stop down a year redoubler une année
    (a) British (stay at home) ne pas sortir□, rester à la maison□
    (b) (visit) passer□ ;
    ∎ to stop in to see sb passer voir qn
    s'arrêter, faire une halte;
    ∎ they're stopping off at Bali for a couple of days on their way home au retour ils font étape à Bali pour quelques jours
    British familiar ne pas rentrer□ ;
    ∎ to stop out all night découcher□, ne pas rentrer de toute la nuit;
    ∎ to stop out (till) late rentrer tard
    (gen) s'arrêter, faire une halte; Aviation & Nautical faire escale;
    ∎ we stopped over at Manchester on the flight to Toronto nous avons fait escale à Manchester en route pour Toronto
    familiar passer□
    ➲ stop up
    (block → hole) boucher; (→ pipe) obstruer, obturer
    British familiar ne pas se coucher□, veiller□ ;
    ∎ to stop up late veiller tard;
    ∎ to stop up all night veiller toute la nuit

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > stop

  • 83 start

    I 1. verb
    1) (to leave or begin a journey: We shall have to start at 5.30 a.m. in order to get to the boat in time.) dra av gårde, komme av sted, starte
    2) (to begin: He starts working at six o'clock every morning; She started to cry; She starts her new job next week; Haven't you started (on) your meal yet?; What time does the play start?) begynne, starte
    3) (to (cause an engine etc to) begin to work: I can't start the car; The car won't start; The clock stopped but I started it again.) starte (opp), sette i gang
    4) (to cause something to begin or begin happening etc: One of the students decided to start a college magazine.) starte, begynne med
    2. noun
    1) (the beginning of an activity, journey, race etc: I told him at the start that his idea would not succeed; The runners lined up at the start; He stayed in the lead after a good start; I shall have to make a start on that work.) start(strek), begynnelse
    2) (in a race etc, the advantage of beginning before or further forward than others, or the amount of time, distance etc gained through this: The youngest child in the race got a start of five metres; The driver of the stolen car already had twenty minutes' start before the police began the pursuit.) forsprang
    •
    - starting-point
    - for a start
    - get off to a good
    - bad start
    - start off
    - start out
    - start up
    - to start with     II 1. verb
    (to jump or jerk suddenly because of fright, surprise etc: The sudden noise made me start.) fare opp/sammen
    2. noun
    1) (a sudden movement of the body: He gave a start of surprise.) støkk, rykk
    2) (a shock: What a start the news gave me!) sjokk
    begynne
    --------
    rykke
    --------
    start
    --------
    starte
    I
    subst. \/stɑːt\/
    1) begynnelse, start
    2) forsprang
    3) startplass, start
    4) rykk
    at the start i begynnelsen
    by fits and starts rykkvis, støtvis
    for a start ( hverdagslig) for det første
    from start to finish fra begynnelse til slutt, fra start til mål
    get\/have the start of ( gammeldags) ha et forsprang på, ha en fordel fremfor
    give a start rykke til, fare sammen
    give somebody a start gi noen et forsprang
    gi noen en støkk, få noen til å rykke til
    give somebody a start in life gi noen en god start i livet, hjelpe noen frem
    make a fresh start begynne på nytt
    make an early start starte tidlig, bryte opp tidlig, gi seg i vei tidlig
    a queer start eller a rum start en overraskende hendelse
    II
    verb \/stɑːt\/
    1) begynne (på\/med), starte (på\/med)
    2) dra av sted, gi seg i vei, sette i gang, (begynne) å bevege seg, reise av gårde
    3) rykke til, fare opp, fare sammen
    4) (poetisk, litterært) plutselig komme til syne
    5) ( teknikk) løsne, gå opp, gi seg
    6) ( jakt) drive opp, jage opp
    start afresh begynne på nytt, begynne forfra
    start in ( hverdagslig) begynne å skravle, begynne å prate
    start in on (amer.) begynne å gjøre, begynne å ta seg av
    (begynne å) kritisere
    start off begynne, starte, innlede
    sette i gang, bevege seg
    få (noen) til å begynne, få (noen) til å ta fatt
    start out ( om øyne) stikke ut, bule ut
    ( hverdagslig) begynne, sette i gang, ta fatt
    start somebody\/something doing something få noen til å gjøre noe
    det fikk oss til å tenke \/ det gav oss noe å tenke på
    start something stelle i stand bråk
    start up rykke til, fare opp starte
    to start with for det første til å begynne med

    English-Norwegian dictionary > start

  • 84 σάρξ

    σάρξ, σαρκός, ἡ (Hom.+; ‘flesh’).
    ① the material that covers the bones of a human or animal body, flesh lit. 1 Cor 15:39abcd; Hv 3, 10, 4; 3, 12, 1. The pl. (which denotes flesh in the mass [Lucian, Dial. Mort. 10, 5], whereas the sing. rather denotes the substance.—Herodas 4, 61; Gen 40:19; 1 Km 17:44; 4 Km 9:36; PsSol 4:19; TestJob 13:5; Philo; Jos., Ant. 12, 211; Just., A I, 26, 7; Mel., P. 52, 383; Ath. 34, 2) Lk 24:39 v.l.; Rv 19:18, 21 (4 [6] Esdr [POxy 1010, 16] cannibalism out of hunger, sim. Mel., P. 52, 383; Quint. Smyrn. 11, 245: the σάρκες of the slain are food for the birds) B 10:4; metaph. Rv 17:16. It decays 1 Cl 25:3; cp. Ac 2:31 (cp. 2a below). Normally gives forth an evil odor when burned MPol 15:2. W. bones (s. ὀστέον) 1 Cl 6:3 (Gen 2:23); Lk 24:39; Eph 5:30 v.l. (metaph.). Paul speaks of his illness as a σκόλοψ τῇ σαρκί (s. σκόλοψ) 2 Cor 12:7. ἡ ἐν σαρκὶ περιτομή the physical circumcision (cp. Just., D. 10, 1 al.) Ro 2:28; cp. Eph 2:11b; Col 2:13 (ἀκροβυστία 2); Gal 6:13 (ἡ σάρξ=the flesh that is circumcised); B 9:4. Metaph.: the corrosion on the precious metals of the rich φάγεται τὰς σάρκας ὑμῶν ὡς πῦρ Js 5:3.—Ign. describes the elements of the Eucharist as σὰρξ (or αἷμα) Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ IRo 7:3; IPhld 4; ISm 7:1. Also J 6:51–56 urges that one must eat the flesh (and drink the blood) of the Human One or Son of Man (Just., A I, 66, 2; s. TPhilips, Die Verheissung der hl. Eucharistie nach Joh. 1922; Bultmann ad loc.; AWikenhauser ’48, 105f).—His anti-Docetic position also leads Ign. to use the concept ‘flesh (and blood) of Christ’ in other contexts as well ITr 8:1; IPhld 5:1.—For Mt 16:17; Gal 1:16; Eph 6:12; and 1 Cor 15:50 s. 3a.
    ② the physical body as functioning entity, body, physical body
    ⓐ as substance and living entity (Aeschyl., Sept. 622: opp. νοῦς; Ex 30:32; 4 Km 6:30; TestAbr A 20 p. 103, 6 [Stone p. 54] πάντα τὰ μέλη τῆς σαρκός μου; w. καρδία or ψυχή Alex. Aphr., An. p. 98, 7–10 Br.; Ps 37:8; 62:2; Eccl 2:3; Ezk 11:19; 44:7 a1.; Jos., Bell. 6, 47, Ant. 19, 325; Ar.15, 7) οὔτε ἡ σὰρξ αὐτοῦ εἶδεν διαφθοράν Ac 2:31 (but s. 1). W. ψυχή 1 Cl 49:6 (Tat. 13:2 al.). W. καρδία Ac 2:26 (Ps 15:9).—Eph 5:29. ἑόρακαν τὸ πρόσωπόν μου ἐν σαρκί they have seen me face to face Col 2:1. ἕως ἂν τὸν χριστὸν ἐν σαρκὶ ἴδῃ before he had seen the Messiah in person GJs 24:4 (cp. Lk 2:26). Opp. πνεῦμα (Ath. 31:3; PGM 5, 460 ἐπικαλοῦμαί σε τὸν κτίσαντα πᾶσαν σάρκα κ. πᾶν πνεῦμα) 1 Cor 5:5; 2 Cor 7:1; Col 2:5; 1 Pt 4:6; Hm 3:1; 10, 2, 6; cp. AcPl Ant 13:17 (=Aa, I 237, 2; s. οἶδα); also in relation to Christ (though this is disputed) J 6:63; Hs 5, 6, 5–7; cp. 1 Ti 3:16.—ἀσθένεια τῆς σαρκός bodily ailment Gal 4:13; s. vs. 14. ἀσθενὴς τῇ σαρκί weak in the body Hs 9, 1, 2. ὁ ἀλγῶν σάρκα the one who is ill in body B 8:6. πάσχειν σαρκί 1 Pt 4:1b. Cp. 2 Cor 7:5. ἡ τῆς σαρκὸς καθαρότης the purity of the body Hb 9:13 (opp. καθαρίζειν τὴν συνείδησιν vs. 14). σαρκὸς ἀπόθεσις ῥύπου 1 Pt 3:21 (s. ῥύπος 1). The σάρξ is raised fr. the dead (s. ParJer 6:9; Theoph. Ant. 1, 7 [74, 2]) 1 Cl 26:3; 2 Cl 9:1. ἀνάστασις σαρκός AcPlCor 1:12; 2:24 (σαρκὸς ἀνάστασιν Just., D. 80, 5); cp. ἀναστήσεσθε ἔχοντες ὑγιῆ τὴν σάρκα AcPlCor 2:32. Of the body of Christ during his earthly ministry Eph 2:14 (JHart, The Enmity in His Flesh: Exp. 6th ser., 3, 1901, 135–41); Hb 10:20; 1 Pt 3:18; 4:1a; 1J 4:2; 2J 7; B 5:1, 10f; 6:7, 9; 7:5; 12:10; IEph 7:2; Pol 7:1; AcPlCor 2:6b. Married couples form μία σάρξ (Gen 2:24; s. Ath. 33, 2 τὴν σάρκα πρὸς σάρκα … κοινωνίαν.—GAicher, Mann u. Weib ein Fleisch: BZ 5, 1907, 159–65) Mt 19:5f; Mk 10:8ab; 1 Cor 6:16; Eph 5:31 (on these passages, TBurkill, ZNW 62, ’71, 115–20). δικαιώματα σαρκός behind ‘all sorts of ceremonial washings’ there are regulations that concern the physical body Hb 9:10.—On ὑποτάγητε τῷ ἐπισκόπῳ ὡς ὁ Χριστὸς τῷ πατρὶ κατὰ σάρκα IMg 13:2 s. Hdb. ad loc. and MRackl, Die Christologie des hl. Ignatius v. Ant. 1914, 228.—πνεῦμα δυνάμεως … ὁ θεὸς … κατέπεμψεν εἰς σάρκα τουτέστιν εἰς τὴν Μαρίαν God sent a powerful spirit (prob. a ref. to the kind of divine breath that brought the first human being to life [Gen 2:7]) into flesh, that is, into Mary AcPl Ha 8, 26=BMM recto 34; s. AcPlCor 1:14.
    ⓑ as someth. with physical limitations, life here on earth (ApcEsdr 4:4 p. 28, 3 Tdf. σάρκα ἀνθρωπίνην φορῶ) θλῖψιν τῇ σαρκὶ ἕξουσιν 1 Cor 7:28. Cp. 2 Cor 4:11; Col 1:24. Of Christ τὸ σῶμα τῆς σαρκὸς αὐτοῦ his body with its physical limitations Col 1:22; cp. 2:11 and s. cα below (cp. En 102:5 τὸ σῶμα τῆς σαρκὸς ὑμῶν; 1QpHab 9:2; Orig., C. Cels. 6, 29, 25).—Of human life: ἀποδημεῖν τῆς σαρκός MPol 2:2 (s. ἀποδημέω). ἐπιμένειν ἐν τῇ σαρκί Phil 1:24. ζῆν ἐν σαρκί vs. 22; Gal 2:20. ἐν ς. περιπατεῖν 2 Cor 10:3a. ἐν ς. τυγχάνειν Dg 5:8a. ὄντος ἔτι ἐν ς. σου AcPlCor 1:6. τὸν ἐπίλοιπον ἐν ς. χρόνον 1 Pt 4:2. ἡ ἐπιδημία τῆς σαρκὸς ταύτης our sojourn in life 2 Cl 5:5. ἐν τῇ σαρκί in our earthly life 8:2.
    ⓒ as instrument of various actions or expressions.
    α. In Paul’s thought esp., all parts of the body constitute a totality known as ς. or flesh, which is dominated by sin to such a degree that wherever flesh is, all forms of sin are likew. present, and no good thing can live in the σάρξ Ro 7:18 (cp. Philo, Gig. 29 αἴτιον δὲ τῆς ἀνεπιστημοσύνης μέγιστον ἡ σὰρξ καὶ ἡ πρὸς σάρκα οἰκείωσις; Sextus 317 ἀγαθὸν ἐν σαρκὶ μὴ ἐπιζήτει. The OT lays no stress on a necessary relationship betw. flesh as a substance, and sin. But for Epicurus the σάρξ is the bearer of sinful feelings and desires as well as the means of sensual enjoyment: Ep. in Plut., Mor. 135c; 1087bf; 1089e; 1096c αἱ τῆς σαρκὸς ἐπιθυμίαι. Also Diog. L. 10, 145. Likew. Plut. himself: Mor. 101b ταῖς τῆς σαρκὸς ἡδοναῖς; 672e; 688d; 734a; Ps.-Plut., Mor. 107f σαρκὶ καὶ τοῖς πάθεσι ταύτης; Maximus Tyr. 33, 7a. Cp. 4 Macc 7:18 τὰ τῆς σαρκὸς πάθη; Philo, Deus Imm. 143 σαρκὸς ἡδονή, Gig. 29; TestJud 19:4; TestZeb 9:7; ApcMos 25 [p. 14, 2 Tdf.] εἰς τὴν ἁμαρτίαν τῆς σαρκός); Ro 6:19; 7:25 (opp. νοῦς); 8:3a, 4–9 (cp. Persius 2, 63 scelerata pulpa, which contaminates devotion to deity), 12f; Gal 5:13, 24; Col 2:23; Jd 23; AcPlCor 2:11, 15; Dg 6:5 (opp. ψυχή, as Plut., Mor. 101b). Opp. τὸ πνεῦμα Ro 8:4, 5, 6, 9, 13; Gal 3:3; 5:16, 17ab; 6:8ab; J 3:6; B 10:9. τὸ μὲν πνεῦμα πρόθυμον, ἡ δὲ σὰρξ ἀσθενής (cp. Orig., C. Cels. 2, 25, 8) Mt 26:41; Mk 14:38; Pol 7:2. σὰρξ ἁμαρτίας sinful flesh Ro 8:3b. ἐπιθυμία (τῆς) σαρκός (cp. Maximus Tyr. 20, 9f σαρκῶν … ἐπιθυμίας) Gal 5:16; 1J 2:16; B 10:9. Pl. Eph 2:3a, cp. b; 2 Pt 2:18; cp. Ro 13:14. τὰ ἔργα τῆς σαρκός Gal 5:19 (s. Vögtle at πλεονεξία). τὰ θελήματα τῆς σαρκός Eph 2:3b. ὁ νοῦς τῆς σαρκός Col 2:18. τὸ σῶμα τῆς σαρκός the body of (sinful) flesh 2:11; cp. 1:22 and s. b above (cp. Sir 23:17 σῶμα σαρκὸς αὐτοῦ; En 102:5 τῷ σώματι τῆς σαρκὸς ὑμῶν). τὰ τῆς σαρκός what pertains to (sinful) flesh Ro 8:5b. ἐν (τῇ) σαρκὶ εἶναι be in an unregenerate (and sinful) state Ro 7:5; 8:8f. τὰ ἔθνη ἐν σαρκί Eph 2:11a. κατὰ σάρκα εἶναι Ro 8:5a; ζῆν vs. 12b; 13; Dg 5:8b; περιπατεῖν Ro 8:4; 2 Cor 10:2; βουλεύεσθαι 1:17; στρατεύεσθαι 10:3b; cp. IRo 8:3 (opp. κατὰ γνώμην θεοῦ).
    β. source of the sexual urge. The σάρξ is the source of the sexual urge, without any suggestion of sinfulness connected w. it ἐκ θελήματος σαρκὸς ἐγεννήθησαν J 1:13.
    ⓓ as someth. attractive 2 Pt 2:10 (a Hebraism, cp. Judg 2:12; 3 Km 11:10; Sir 46:10). S. also 3b.
    ③ one who is or becomes a physical being, living being with flesh
    ⓐ of humans person, human being: πᾶσα σάρξ every person, everyone (LXX; TestAbr B 7 p. 112, 3 [Stone p. 72]; GrBar 4:10; ApcEsdr 7:7; ApcMos 13 [p. 7, 1 Tdf.]; Mel., P. 55, 400: for כָּל-בָּשָׂר; s. πᾶς 1aα) Lk 3:6 (Is 40:5); J 17:2; Ac 2:17 (Jo 3:1); 1 Pt 1:24 (Is 40:6); 1 Cl 59:3; 64; 2 Cl 7:6; 17:5 (the last two Is 66:24); AcPlCor 2:6a. οὐ πᾶσα σάρξ no person, nobody (En 14:21 end.—W-S. §26, 10a; B-D-F §275, 4; 302, 1; Rob. 752) Mt 24:22; Mk 13:20; Ro 3:20 (cp. Ps 142:2 πᾶς ζῶν); 1 Cor 1:29 (μή); Gal 2:16.—Though ς. in the foll. passages refers to body in its physical aspect, it cannot be divorced from its conjunction with αἷμα, and the unit σὰρξ καὶ αἷμα (cp. Sir 17:31; TestAbr B 13 p. 117, 26 [Stone p. 82]; Philo, Quis Div. Rer. Her. 57; Just., D. 135, 6) refers to a human being in contrast to God and other transcendent beings Mt 16:17; Gal 1:16; Eph 6:12 (here vice versa, αἷ. καὶ ς.). τὰ παιδία κεκοινώνηκεν αἵματος καὶ σαρκός the children share mortal nature Hb 2:14, but with suggestion of its frailty, as indicated by the context with its ref. to death. Because they are the opposites of the divine nature σὰρξ καὶ αἷμα βασιλείαν θεοῦ κληρονομῆσαι οὐ δύναται 1 Cor 15:50 (JJeremias, NTS 2, ’56, 151–59). For Jd 7 s. b next. Cp. AcPl Ant 13, 17 (=Aa I 237, 2) σαρκί personally (s. οἶδα 2).
    ⓑ of transcendent entities ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο J 1:14 (RSeeberg, Festgabe AvHarnack dargebracht 1921, 263–81.—Artem. 2, 35 p. 132, 27 ἐὰν σάρκινοι οἱ θεοὶ φαίνωνται; Synes., Dio 6 p. 45b).—Of flesh other than human: ὀπίσω σαρκὸς ἑτέρας after another kind of flesh (cp. Judg 2:12 ὀπίσω θεῶν ἑτέρων) i.e. of divine messengers who take on ς. when they appear to humans (so Windisch et al.; difft. Frame et al. of same-sex activity) Jd 7.
    ④ human/ancestral connection, human/mortal nature, earthly descent (Did., Gen. 144, 25) Ἀβραὰμ τὸν προπάτορα ἡμῶν κατὰ σάρκα Ro 4:1 (Just., D. 43, 7 al.). οἱ συγγενεῖς μου κατὰ σάρκα 9:3. τοὺς τῆς σαρκὸς ἡμῶν πατέρας Hb 12:9. τὸν Ἰσραὴλ κατὰ σάρκα the earthly Israel 1 Cor 10:18 (opp. τὸν Ἰσραὴλ τοῦ θεοῦ Gal 6:16). Of natural descent τὰ τέκνα τῆς σαρκός children by natural descent Ro 9:8 (opp. τὰ τέκνα τῆς ἐπαγγελίας). ὁ μὲν ἐκ τῆς παιδίσκης κατὰ σάρκα γεγέννηται Gal 4:23; cp. vs. 29. μου τὴν σάρκα my compatriots Ro 11:14 (s. Gen 37:27).—Of Christ’s physical nature Ro 8:3c; Hb 5:7. Christ is descended fr. the patriarchs and fr. David (τὸ) κατὰ σάρκα according to the human side of his nature, as far as his physical descent is concerned Ro 1:3 (JDunn, Jesus: Flesh and Spirit [Ro 1:3f], JTS 24, ’73, 40–68); 9:5; 1 Cl 32:2; IEph 20:2. The context of 2 Cor 11:18 includes ancestry as a reason for boasting, but ς. in this pass. applies as well to other aspects of Paul’s career and therefore belongs more properly in 5.
    ⑤ the outward side of life as determined by normal perspectives or standards, a transf. sense of 1 and 2. Usually w. κατά indicating norm or standard σοφοὶ κατὰ σάρκα wise (people) according to human standards 1 Cor 1:26. καυχᾶσθαι κατὰ (τὴν) σάρκα boast of one’s outward circumstances, i.e. descent, manner of life, etc. (cp. 11:22) 2 Cor 11:18. κατὰ σάρκα Χριστόν Christ (the Messiah) from a human point of view or as far as externals are concerned 5:16b, cp. a (κατά B5bβ and 7a; also VWeber, BZ 2, 1904, 178–88; HWindisch, exc. ad loc.; Rtzst., Mysterienrel.3, 374–76; FPorter, Does Paul Claim to Have Known the Historical Jesus [2 Cor 5:16]?: JBL 47, 1928, 257–75; RMoxon, CQR 108, 1929, 320–28). οἱ κατὰ σάρκα κύριοι those who, according to human standards, are masters Eph 6:5; Col 3:22. ὑμεῖς κατὰ τὴν ς. κρίνετε you judge by outward things, by externals J 8:15. Of the route taken in one’s earthly life ἡ ὁδὸς ἡ κατὰ σάρκα IRo 9:3.—ἐν σαρκὶ πεποιθέναι place one’s trust in earthly things or physical advantages Phil 3:3f. εὐπροσωπῆσαι ἐν σαρκί Gal 6:12. Onesimus is a beloved brother to Philemon καὶ ἐν σαρκὶ καὶ ἐν κυρίῳ both as a human being (=personally, in the external relationship betw. master and slave) and as a Christian Phlm 16. ὑμῶν δὲ ἐν σαρκὶ ἐπισκόπῳ IEph 1:3 (cp. IMg 3:2).—HWindisch, Taufe u. Sünde 1908; EBurton, ICC Gal. 1920, 492–95; WSchauf, Sarx 1924; WBieder, Auferstehung des Fleisches od. des Leibes?: TZ 1, ’45, 105–20. W. special ref. to Paul: Ltzm., Hdb. exc. on Ro 7:14 and 8:11; Lohmeyer (ἁμαρτία 3a); EKäsemann, Leib u. Leib Christi ’33; RGrant, ATR 22, ’40, 199–203; RBultmann, Theologie des NTs ’48, 228–49 (Engl. tr. by KGrobel, ’51 I, 227–59); LMarshall, Challenge of NT Ethics ’47, 267–70; E Schweizer, Die hellenist. Komponente im NT sarx-Begriff: ZNW 48, ’57, 237–53; two in KStendahl, The Scrolls and the NT, ’57: KKuhn, 94–113 and WDavies, 157–82; JPryke, ‘Spirit’ and ‘Flesh’ in Qumran and NT: RevQ 5, ’65, 346–60; DLys, La chair dans l’AT ’67; ASand, D. Begriff ‘Fleisch’ ’67 (Paul); RJewett, Paul’s Anthropological Terms ’71, 49–166. On Ign.: CRichardson, The Christianity of Ign. of Ant. ’35, esp. 49 and 61. S. also the lit. s.v. πνεῦμα, end.—B. 202. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > σάρξ

  • 85 begin

    1 ( at first) au début, au départ ; I didn't understand to begin with au début je n'ai pas compris ;
    2 ( firstly) d'abord, premièrement ;
    3 ( at all) I wish I hadn't told her to begin with pour commencer, je n'aurais jamais dû lui en parler.
    B vtr ( p prés - nn- ; prét began ; pp begun)
    1 ( start) commencer [journey, list, meeting, job, game, meal] (with par, avec) ; se lancer dans [adventure] ; aller à [school] ; to begin to do commencer à faire ; it's beginning to rain il commence à pleuvoir ; to begin doing commencer à faire ; I began the letter (with) ‘Dear Sir’ j'ai commencé la lettre par ‘Monsieur’ ; ‘well …,’ she began ‘eh bien…,’ commença-t-elle ; I begin work next week je commence à travailler la semaine prochaine ; the builders begin work on Tuesday les ouvriers commencent les travaux mardi ; they began laughing ou to laugh again ils ont recommencé à rire ;
    2 ( start to use) entamer, ouvrir [bottle, packet, jar] ; entamer [loaf] ; commencer [notebook, page] ;
    3 ( start out) débuter [career] (as comme) ; I began life as a farmer's son je suis fils de fermier ; we began married life in Scotland quand nous étions jeunes mariés nous habitions en Écosse ; this novel began life as a short story ce roman a d'abord vu le jour sous la forme d'une nouvelle ;
    4 ( have slightest success) I can't begin to describe it il m'est impossible de le décrire ; I don't begin to understand vraiment, je ne comprends pas ; I couldn't begin to imagine how he felt je ne pouvais vraiment pas imaginer ce qu'il éprouvait ;
    5 ( initiate) provoquer [debate, dispute] ; lancer [campaign, trend] ; commencer [tradition] ; déclencher [war] ; fonder [dynasty] ; to begin a conversation with engager la conversation avec ;
    6 ( come first in) marquer le commencement de [series, collection, festival] ; A begins the alphabet l'alphabet commence par A.
    C vi ( p prés - nn- ; prét began ; pp begun)
    1 ( commence) [custom, meeting, play, problem, storm, term] commencer ; let's begin commençons ; to begin with commencer par ; to begin by doing commencer par faire ; a name beginning with C un nom qui commence par C ; the week beginning the 25th la semaine qui commence le 25 ; to begin in 1995/in May commencer en 1995/en mai ; your problems have only just begun! tes problèmes ne font que commencer! ; to begin well/badly bien/mal commencer ; to begin again recommencer ; after the war began après le début de la guerre ; before the lecture begins avant le début de la conférence ;
    2 ( have its starting point) [river] prendre sa source ; the road begins in York la route part de York ; where does the national park begin? où commence le parc national?
    ■ begin on:
    ▶ begin on [sth] attaquer [cake, garden].

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