amphitheatri+su

arēna (harēna), ae, f., der Sand, I) eig.: A) im allg.: fossicia, fluviatilis, marina, Vitr. u. Plin.: fervida, Curt.: cumulus arenae, Verg.: nigra, Schlamm, Verg.: aurosa, Goldsand, Lampr.: saxa globosa arenae immixta, Liv.: diducere summam arenam, Liv. – Plur., multae arenae, Sandgewühl, Verg.: arenae carae, der Goldsand des Paktolus, Ov.: arenae steriles, Curt.: putres arenae, Col.: semina arenis committere, Sen. – Sprichw., arenae mandare semina, den Samen in den Sand legen, d.i. etwas Fruchtloses beginnen, etwas in den Wind streuen, Ov. her. 5, 115 (vgl. trist. 5, 4, 48). – ex incomprehensibili pravitate arenae funis effici non potest, aus Häckerling kann man kein Seil machen, Col. 10. praef. § 4. – arena sine calce, Sand ohne Kalk nennt Kaligula den Seneka, weil seine Sätze ganz abgebrochen sind, weil er keine Perioden hat u. selbst um die Verbindung seiner kurzen Sätze sich wenig bekümmert (das Sprichw. hergenommen vom Sand, der ohne Kalk nicht bindet), Suet. Cal. 53, 2. – B) insbes., der feine Mörtel zum Abputz der Wände, Vitr.: caelum imum camerae arenā dirigere (abputzen), Vitr. – II) meton.: 1) eine Sandfläche, Sandstrecke, arenam aliquam aut paludes emere, Cic. agr. 2, 71: Plur. arenae, die Sandmassen, Sandstrecken, Sandflächen, die Sandwüste, arenarum cumuli, Suet. fr.: Literni arenae stagnaque, Liv.: arenarum in-

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culta vastitas, Sen.: arenae nigrae, Prop.: arenae vix perviae, Tac.: auster arenas quasi maria agens, Mela: postquam inter arenas radices quoque et herbae defecerant, Sen. – 2) das Meeresufer, Gestade, die Küste, Phrygia, Ov.: optatā potiri arenā, Verg.: Plur., expositus peregrinis arenis, Ov. met. 11, 56. – 3) der (mit Sand bestreute) Kampfplatz des Amphitheaters, arena amphitheatri, Suet., u. bl. arena, Cic. Tusc. 2, 46, Suet. u.a.: im Zshg. auch der Kampf im Amphitheater selbst, der Gladiatorenkampf, ar. municipalis, Gladiatorenkämpfe in den Munizipalstädten, Iuven.: in arenam se dare, sich zum Kampfe darbieten, ICt.: promittere operas arenae, Tac.: operam arenae scaenaeque edere, Suet.: scaenae arenaeque devotus, Suet. – übtr., jeder Tummelplatz, Schauplatz für eine Tätigkeit, civilis belli, Flor. 4, 2, 18: in media urbe ac foro quasi arenā, Flor. 3, 21, 1: in arena mea, in meinem Fache, Plin. ep. 6, 12, 2: aestuat angustā rabies civilis arenā, Lucan. 6, 63. – ⇒ Die Schreibung harena oft in den besten Hoschrn. (s. zB. – Wagner Orthogr. Verg. p. 421) u. in Inschriften (zB. Corp. inscr. Lat. 3, 77 u. 6, 1763); vgl. Varr. b. Serv. Verg. Aen. 1, 172. Prob. Verg. georg. 1, 70. Charis. 103, 21. – Arch. Nbf. asena (hasena), Varr. LL. 7, 27. Placid. gloss. (V) 73, 10 (= (V) 108, 1).

cremo, āvī, ātum, āre (viell. zu carbo), verbrennen, oft m. Abl. igni, incendio, flammis u. dgl., a) übh.: α) v. Feuer, cremantia fulmina, Plin. – u. teils m. sächl. Objj., ut (wie) rapax ignis innumeras trabes cremat, Ov., ignis ubi ingentes silvas ardore cremarat montibus in altis, Lucr.: im Passiv, omnem ornatum flammā crepitante cremari, Verg.: quae (spinosae herbae) leni tepore cremantur, Ov.: ardenti lucernae admotum digitum cremandum praebuit, Val. Max. – teils m. pers. Objj., num incensa cremavit Troia viros? Verg.: incensa super (über ihnen) villa omnes cremavit, Tac. – β) v. Menschen, teils m. sächl. Objj., cr. vetera arma, Curt.: frontem positasque faenilibus herbas, Ov.: libellos, Suet.: Graecos libros, Val. Max.: libros in comitio igne facto in conspectu populi, Liv.: naves, quae inutiles videntur, Curt.: purgamenta ceparum in cinerem, Plin.: robur (zB. cremati roboris cinis), Plin.: devecta sarmenta, Verg.: spolia de hostibus incendio, Curt.: tabulam (ein Gemälde), Plin.: interiorem tunicam, Val. Max. – teils mit pers. Objj., se ac liberos coniugesque incendio cr., Curt.: cremati cimices (als Heilmittel), Plin. – mit Prädik.-Acc., cr. alqm vivum, Curt. u. Val. Max.: vivos se cremari iubent, Curt.: Alcibiades vivus in cubiculo, in quo dormiebat, crematus est, Iustin.: cochleae vivae crematae, Plin.

b) v. Niederbrennen eines Gebäudes, einer Stadt

————

usw., in Brand stecken, verbrennen, einäschern, cr. templum, Plin.: caelestia tecta, terras (v. Phaëthon), Ov.: urbem cr. et diruere, Liv.: cremata patria (v. Troja), Liv.: cremata Ilios, Hor. – facibus cr. regalia tecta, Ov.: Neronis principis incendia, quibus urbem cremaverat, Plin.: equites praemisit, ut... ignem, quo barbari cremaverant vicos, exstinguerent, Curt.

c) vom Verbrennen als Todesstrafe, damnatum poenam sequi oportebat, ut igni cremaretur, Caes.: m. ob u. Akk., Atellanae poëtam ob ambigui ioci versiculum mediā Amphitheatri arenā igni cremavit, Suet.

d) v. Verbrennen der Leiche u. anderer Gegenstände bei der Leichenfeier, α) v. Feuer: rogus iste cremet mea viscera, Ov.: des tua succensae membra cremanda pyrae, Ov.: qui scimus, an hāc flammā Cn. Pompeius cremetur? Val. Max.: alii ut eodem rogo cremarentur manserunt, Liv.: se super corpus fratris prostratum communibus flammis (rogi) cremandum tradidit, Val. Max. – β) v. Menschen: corpus alcis, Cic. u.a.: cadaver alcis, Suet.: mortuos cremare aut fodere, Mela: corpora condere (potius) quam cremare e more Aegyptio, Tac.: mortuorum corpora cremare potius quam terrā obruere, Iustin.: servos et clientes iustis funeribus confectis unā cr., Caes.: vestem, odores aliaque funerum sollemnia, Tac. – m. Ang. wo? lectum defuncti in Capitolini Iovis cella, Suet.: corpus interfectoris super reliquias mariti, Iustin. – m. Ang.

————

womit? wodurch? aedificii incendio mortuum (Alcibiadem), Nep.: Sulla primus e patriciis Corneliis igni voluit cremari, Cic.: cr. caput (occisi Cn. Pompeii) plurimis et pretiosissimis odoribus, Val. Max.: corpora clarorum virorum certis lignis, Tac.: iuxta rogum sarmentis aliis nudus crematus est, Plin. – m. Ang. wie? zB. cr. alqm haud pretiose, Curt.: alqm honorate (zB. quo honoratius cremaretur, inici ei suum paludamentum iussit), Val. Max.: cr. corpus alcis publico funere, Suet.: alqm humili sepulturā, Cic.: cetera (corpora) nec numero nec honore, ungezählt und ohne Ehre, Verg. – m. Ang. mit wem? cum mortuis cremare ac defodere apta viventibus, Mela: cremari cum coniuge (Gatten), Val. Max.: unā cum liberis, coniugibus cunctāque gazā regiā cremari, Auct. b. Afr.

e) v. Verbrennen des Opfers, cr. igni vitulos, Ov.: caesarum boum fibras de more cr., Ov.: congesta cr. turea dona, dapes, fuso crateres olivo, Verg. – m. Dat. (wem? = wem zu Ehren?), spolia hostium coniecta in acervum Iovi Victori cremavit, Liv.: postero die arma lecta conici in acervum iussit, sacrumque id Vulcano cremavit, Liv. – ⇒ Parag. Infin. cremarier, *Enn. scen. 291 Bothe (Vahlen2 cremitari).

exūstio, ōnis, f. (exuro), I) das Verbrennen, ex. amphitheatri, Lampr. Heliog. 17, 8: exustiones terrarum, Cic. de rep. 6, 23: absol., quorum finis exustio est, Hieron. in Isai. 3, 7, 4: vgl. Ambros. hexaëm. 4, 3, 10. – II) das Brennen, a) ex. solis, Sonnenbrand = brennende, austrocknende Sonnenhitze, Plin. 17, 223. Cael. Aur. de morb. chron. 1, 1, 4 u. 3, 5, 69. – b) das brennende Gefühl, Plin. 18, 5.

ruīna, ae, f. (ruo), das Stürzen = das Herab-, Hin-, Niederstürzen, der Sturz, I) eig. u. übtr.: 1) eig.: a) übh.: grandinis, Lucr.: aquarum, Cael. Aur.: iumentorum sarcinarumque, Liv.: Capanei, Sturz des K. (durch den Blitzstrahl Jupiters), Prop.: subitā vi ruinae, des Sturzes (eines Kämpfenden), Amm.: dare equitum peditumque ruinas, stürzen machen, Lucr.: aulaea ruinas in patinam fecere, stürzten herab auf ufw., Hor. – b) der Einsturz eines Gebäudes, repentina r. turris, Caes.: r. amphitheatri, pontis, Suet. (u. so pontium ruinae et montium labes, Symm.): fracti ruinā, durch den Einsturz eines Gebäudes zerschmettert, Sen.: eā (sc. conclavis) ruinā oppressum interire, Cic.: ruinam dare, einen Einsturz erleiden, zusammenstürzen (v. einem Hause), Verg.: ebenso ruinam trahere, Verg.: ruinas dare arboribus, die Bäume niederstürzen, Verg.: ruinam dare sonitu ingenti, einander niederstrecken, Verg. – Plur., ruinae incendiaque urbis, Vell.: quantum ruinis (aedificiorum) deicitur, Auct. b. Alex.: Capitolio ruinas parare, Hor. – 2) übtr.: a) der Sturz, Fall = Fehltritt, Irrtum, Verwirrung, fecere ruinas, sind gestrauchelt, Lucr.: (Academia) si invaserit in haec, nimias edet ruinas, würde viele Verwirrungen (Verwüstungen) anrichten, Cic. – b) Sturz = Unfall, Fall, Ungemach, Unglück, Ruin, Umsturz, Untergang, rerum

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nostrarum, Liv.: r. publica, Vell.: incendium meum ruinā (rei publicae) restinguam, Cic.: r. urbis, Liv.: ruinae fortunarum tuarum, Cic.: tanti fortunam populi in ruinas aget, Sen.: aetatis facta est tanta ruina meae, Ov. – v. einer Niederlage, ruinā Hannibalis prope attoniti, Liv.: strage ac ruinā fundere Gallos, Liv.: ruinae similem stragem eques dedit, Liv.: quantis fatigaret ruinis, Hor. – v. polit. Sturz, ruina partium, pro quibus steterat, Liv. fr.: ruinā soceri in exsilium pulsus, Tac. – v. Untergang = Tod, ille dies utramque ducet ruinam, Hor.: r. Neronis principis, Plin. – II) meton.: 1) von dem, was niederstürzt, einstürzt, a) übh.: caeli r., Unwetter, Regensturz, Verg.: poli, Donner, Val. Flacc. – b) das eingestürzte Gebäude, Trümmer, flumina ad lavandam hanc ruinam iugis montium obiter duxere, Plin. 33, 74: ex ruina templi Martis, Corp. inscr. Lat. 11, 3801. – gew. im Plur., ruinae templorum, Liv.: ruinae aedium sacrarum (Ggstz. aedes sacrae stantes), Sen.: ruinae muri (Ggstz. stantia moenia), Liv.: fumantes Thebarum ruinae, Liv.: ruinae Carthaginienses, Vell.: Sagunti ruinae nostris capitibus incĭdent, L v. – 2) v. Pers., die Unglück, Umsturz herbeiführen, der Verderber, Zerstörer, rei publicae, Cic. Sest. 109: ruinae publicanorum, v. Piso u. Gabinius, Cic. de prov. cons. 13. – ⇒ arch. Nbf. ruēs, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 28 (Carm. fr. arval.) v. 2 (dazu Mommsen). Gloss. IV, 281, 5.

trādūco (trāns-dūco), dūxī, ductum ere, I) hinüber-, hinführen, -bringen, 1) eig.: a) übh.: hominum multitudinem trans Rhenum, Caes.: equitatum in Galliam, Caes.: alqm ad se, Ter. – b) insbes., über etw. führen od. bringen, über etw. übersetzen, gew. m. Acc. des Gegenstandes, über den die Bewegung geht, flumen, pontem, Caes. – m. folg. trans u. Akk., trans flumen, Caes. – 2) übtr.: a) hinführen, -bringen, versetzen, α) übh.: Clodium ad plebem, Cic.: centuriones ex inferioribus ordinibus in superiores, Caes.: centurionem ab octavis ordinibus ad primipilum, Caes.: alio traducere animi motus (Regungen), anderswohin wenden, Lucr. 4, 1064 (1072): boni malique in republica nihil est, quod in diversum traduci nequeat moribus praesidentium, Aur. Vict. de Caes. 13, 7. – β) insbes., jmd. in einen Zustand bringen, versetzen, animos a severitate ad hilaritatem risumque, Cic.: alqm a disputando ad dicendum, Cic.: ad amicitiam consuetudinemque, Cic.: alqm ad suam sententiam, Cic., od. in suam sententiam, Liv.: ex egestate in rerum abundantiam, Cic.: aegrum in meliorem consuetudinem, Varro. – b) eine Zeit hinbringen, zubringen, verleben, vitam, Cic.: tempus, Cic.: otiosam aetatem, Cic.: adulescentiam eleganter, Cic.: aevum leniter, Hor.: noctem exsomnis, Sil. (u. so his invicem sermonibus quā cibi, quā quietis immemor nox traducta est, Liv.): munus

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extraordinarium, Verwaltung der Provinz, Cic. – c) wenden, verwenden, curam in vitulos, Verg.: orationem traduxi et converti in increpandam fugam, Cic. – d) auf etw. anwenden, hanc rationem ad id genus, Cic.: partum Iovis ortumque virginis ad physiologiam, Cic. – e) übertragen, aus einer Sprache in die andere, vocabulum Graecum vetus in linguam Rom., Gell. 1, 18, 1. – f) ableiten, ein Wort von dem anderen, Gell. 2, 6, 5; 17, 2, 14. – II) durchführen, durchleiten, Helvetios per fines Sequanorum, Caes.: copias per angustias, Caes.: aquaeductum per domum, ICt. – III) vorbeiführen, vorüberführen, 1) eig.: a) übh.: tua pompa eo traducenda est, Ter.: copias praeter castra, Caes.: per ora hominum, Liv., per ora civitatium, Iustin. (u. so traducti sub iugum et per hostium oculos, Liv.): victimas in triumpho, Liv. – b) insbes.: α) trad. equum, v. Ritter, wenn er bei der Musterung des Zensors gut bestand, cum esset censor et in equitum censu C. Licinius Sacerdos prodisset,...iussit equum traducere, Cic. Clu. 134: u. so (der Ausspruch des Zensors) transduc equum, Val. Max. 4, 1, 10. – β) zur Beschimpfung: delatores flagellis ac fustibus caesi ac traducti per amphitheatri harenam, Suet. Tit. 8, 5. – 2) übtr.: a) jedermann etwas sehen lassen, allen zeigen, se, sich sehen lassen, sich zeigen, Iuven. 11, 31. – b) bekanntmachen, carmina, Mart.: poëmata, Petron. – c) öffentlich dem

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Spotte preisgeben, bloßstellen, lächerlich machen, alqm per ora hominum, Liv.: collusorem, Sen.: ornamenta sua, Sen. – ⇒ Archaist. Imperat. traduce, Ter. heaut. 744; adelph. 910: Imper. transduc, Val. Max. 4, 1, 10: synkop. Perf. = Form traduxti, Plaut. Cas. 579.

1. vīsio, ōnis, f. (video), das Sehen, Ansehen, der Anblick, I) eig.: eamque esse dei visionem, ut similitudine cernatur, Cic. – prägn. das Gesicht = die Kraft zu sehen, amphitheatri moles, ad cuius summitatem aegre visio humana conscendit, Amm. – II) meton.: a) was sich den Augen od. der Phantasie darstellt, die Erscheinung, adventicia, Cic.: Plur., fluentes visiones, zuströmende Ersch., Cic. de nat. deor. 1, 109. – b) die geistige Vorstellung, die man sich von etwas macht, die Idee, doloris, Cic.: veri et falsi, Cic. – c) als jurist. t.t., der Gesichtspunkt, der einzelne Fall, prima, ICt.: tribus visionibus, ICt.

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2. vīsio, īre, farzen, Lucil. sat. fr. 188 Lachm. (Müller 5, 39 u. Marx 208 vis ire).

* * *

auctor (incorrectly written autor or author), ōris, comm. [id.], he that brings about the existence of any object, or promotes the increase or prosperity of it, whether he first originates it, or by his efforts gives greater permanence or continuance to it; to be differently translated according to the object, creator, maker, author, inventor, producer, father, founder, teacher, composer, cause, voucher, supporter, leader, head, etc. (syn.: conditor, origo, consiliarius, lator, suasor, princeps, dux).

Lit.

Of persons, a progenitor, father, ancestor:

L. Brutus, praeclarus auctor nobilitatis tuae,

the founder, progenitor of your nobility, Cic. Tusc. 4, 1, 2:

generis,

Verg. A. 4, 365; so Ov. M. 4, 640, and Suet. Vit. 2:

tu sanguinis ultimus auctor,

Verg. A. 7, 49; so Ov. M. 12, 558, and 13, 142:

tantae propaginis,

id. F. 3, 157:

originis,

Suet. Ner. 1:

gentis,

id. Claud. 25:

auctores parentes animarum,

Vulg. Sap. 12, 6:

auctore ab illo ducit originem,

Hor. C. 3, 17, 5:

Sive neglectum genus et nepotes Respicis auctor,

id. ib. 1, 2, 36:

mihi Tantalus auctor,

Ov. M. 6, 172:

auctores saxa fretumque tui,

id. H. 10, 132:

Juppiter e terrā genitam mentitur, ut auctor Desinat inquiri,

id. M. 1, 615.—Of animals, Col. 6, 27, 1.—

Of buildings, etc., founder, builder:

Trojae Cynthius auctor,

Verg. G. 3, 36:

murorum Romulus auctor,

Prop. 5, 6, 43 ( augur, Müll.):

auctor posuisset in oris Moenia,

Ov. M. 15, 9:

porticus auctoris Livia nomen habet,

id. A. A. 1, 72:

amphitheatri,

Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 118:

omnia sub titulo tantum suo ac sine ullā pristini auctoris memoriā,

Suet. Dom. 5.—

Of works of art, a maker, artist:

statua auctoris incerti,

Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 93: apparuit summam artis securitatem auctori placaisse, id. praef. § 27.—

Transf.

In gen., the originator, executor, performer, doer, cause, occasion of other things (freq. interchanged with actor):

tametsi haud quaquam par gloriá sequitur scriptorem et auctorem rerum, tamen etc.,

Sall. C. 3, 2 Kritz (cf. without rerum: Suam quisque culpam auctores ad negotia transferunt, id. J. 1, 4):

praeclari facinoris,

Vell. 2, 120, 6:

facti,

Ov. M. 9, 206; Vell. 1, 8:

cum perquirerent auctorem facti,

Vulg. Jud. 6, 29:

optimi statūs auctor,

Suet. Aug. 28:

honoris,

Ov. M. 10, 214:

vitae,

Vulg. Act. 3, 15:

salutis,

ib. Heb. 2, 10:

fidei,

ib. ib. 12, 2:

funeris,

Ov. M. 10, 199:

necis,

id. ib. 8, 449;

9, 214: mortis,

id. ib. 8, 493:

vulneris,

id. ib. 5, 133;

8, 418: plagae,

id. ib. 3, 329:

seditionis sectae,

Vulg. Act. 24, 5.—Also, in gen., one from whom any thing proceeds or comes:

auctor in incerto est: jaculum de parte sinistrā Venit,

i. e. the sender, Ov. M. 12, 419; so,

teli,

id. ib. 8, 349:

muneris,

the giver, id. ib. 2, 88;

5, 657, 7, 157 al.: meritorum,

id. ib. 8, 108 al.—

An investigator:

non sordidus auctor Naturae verique,

Hor. C. 1, 28, 14.—And as imparting learning, a teacher:

quamquam in antiquissimā philosophiā Cratippo auctore versaris,

Cic. Off. 2, 2, 8:

dicendi gravissimus auctor et magister Plato,

id. Or. 3, 10:

divini humanique juris auctor celeberrimus,

Vell. 2, 26, 2:

Servius Sulpicius, juris civilis auctor,

Gell. 2, 10; Dig. 19, 1, 39; 40, 7, 36.—

The author of a writing, a writer:

ii quos nunc lectito auctores,

Cic. Att. 12, 18:

ingeniosus poëta et auctor valde bonus,

id. Mur. 14:

scripta auctori perniciosa suo,

Ov. Tr. 5, 1, 68:

Belli Alexandrini Africique et Hispaniensis incertus auctor est,

Suet. Caes. 56; id. Aug. 31:

sine auctore notissimi versus,

i. e. anonymous verses, id. ib. 70; so id. Calig. 8; id. Dom. 8 al.— Meton. of cause for effect, for a literary production, writing, work:

in evolvendis utriusque linguae auctoribus, etc.,

Suet. Aug. 89. —In partic., the author of historical works, an historian (with and without rerum):

ego cautius posthac historiam attingam, te audiente, quem rerum Romanarum auctorem laudare possum religiosissimum,

Cic. Brut. 11, 44; so,

Matrem Antoniam non apud auctores rerum, non diurnā actorum scripturā reperio ullo insigni officio functam,

Tac. A. 3, 3; 3, 30 (diff. from auctor rerum in II. A.):

Polybius bonus auctor in primis,

Cic. Off. 3, 32, 113; so Nep. Them. 10, 4; Liv. 4, 20; Tac. A. 5, 9; 14, 64 al.—With historiae (eccl. Lat.):

historiae congruit auctori,

Vulg. 2 Macc. 2, 31.—Hence, in gen., one that gives an account of something, a narrator, reporter, informant (orally or in writing):

sibi insidias fieri: se id certis auctoribus comperisse,

Cic. Att. 14, 8:

celeberrimos auctores habeo tantam victoribus irreverentiam fuisse, ut, etc.,

Tac. H. 3, 51:

criminis ficti auctor, i. e. nuntius,

Ov. M. 7, 824:

Non haec tibi nuntiat auctor Ambiguus,

id. ib. 11, 666; 12, 58; 12, 61; 12, 532.—Hence, auctorem esse, with acc. and inf., to relate, recount:

Auctores sunt ter novenis punctis interfici hominem,

Plin. 11, 21, 24, § 73:

Fabius Rustiçus auctor est scriptos esse ad Caecinam Tuscum codicillos,

Tac. A. 13, 20:

Auctor est Julius Marathus ante paucos quam nasceretur menses prodigium Romae factum (esse) publice, etc.,

Suet. Aug. 94 et saep.—

One by whose influence, advice, command, etc., any thing is done, the cause, occasion, contriver, instigator, counsellor, adviser, promoter; constr. sometimes with ut, acc. and inf., or gen. gerund.: quid mihi es auctor ( what do you counsel me?) huic ut mittam? Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 2; 4, 7, 70; id. Poen. 1, 3, 1:

idne estis auctores mihi?

Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 16:

mihique ut absim, vehementer auctor est,

Cic. Att. 15, 5:

Gellium ipsis (philosophis) magno opere auctorem fuisse, ut controversiarum facerent modum,

id. Leg. 1, 20, 53:

ut propinqui de communi sententiā coërcerent, auctor fuit,

Suet. Tib. 35; id. Claud. 25; id. Calig. 15:

a me consilium petis, qui sim tibi auctor in Siciliāne subsidas, an proficiscare,

Cic. Fam. 6, 8: ego quidem tibi non sim auctor, si Pompeius Italiam reliquit, te quoque profugere, Att. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 10:

ne auctor armorum duxque deesset, Auct. B. G. 8, 47: auctor facinori non deerat,

Liv. 2, 54:

auctores Bibulo fuere tantundem pollicendi,

Suet. Caes. 19:

auctores restituendae tribuniciae potestatis,

id. ib. 5; so id. Dom. 8:

auctor singulis universisque conspirandi simul et ut... communem causam juvarent,

id. Galb. 10 al. —So freq. in the abl. absol.: me, te, eo auctore, at my, your, his instance, by my [p. 199] advice, command, etc.:

non me quidem Faciet auctore, hodie ut illum decipiat,

Plaut. Stich. 4, 2, 23:

an paenitebat flagiti, te auctore quod fecisset Adulescens?

Ter. Eun. 5, 6, 12:

quare omnes istos me auctore deridete atque contemnite,

Cic. de Or. 3, 14, 54:

quia calida fomenta non proderant, frigidis curari coactus auctore Antonio Musā,

Suet. Aug. 81; 96; id. Galb. 19; id. Vit. 2 al.: agis Carminibus grates et dis auctoribus horum, the promoters or authors of spells, Ov. M. 7, 148.—

Esp., in political lang., t. t.

Auctor legis.

One who proposes a law, a mover, proposer (very rare):

quarum legum auctor fuerat, earum suasorem se haud dubium ferebat,

Liv. 6, 36:

Quid desperatius, qui ne ementiendo quidem potueris auctorem adumbrare meliorem,

Cic. Dom. 30, 80.—

One who advises the proposal of a law, and exerts all his influence to have it passed, a supporter (stronger than suasor; cf. Suet. Tib. 27:

alium dicente, auctore eo Senatum se adīsse, verba mutare et pro auctore suasorem dicere coegit): isti rationi neque lator quisquam est inventus neque auctor umquam bonus,

Cic. Leg. 3, 15, 34:

cum ostenderem, si lex utilis plebi Romanae mihi videretur, auctorem me atque adjutorem futurum (esse),

id. Agr. 2, 5; id. Att. 1, 19:

quo auctore societatem cum Perseo junxerunt,

Liv. 45, 31; Suet. Oth. 8; id. Vesp. 11 al.—Sometimes in connection with suasor:

atque hujus deditionis ipse Postumius suasor et auctor fuit,

Cic. Off. 3, 30, 109:

Nisi quis retinet, idem suasor auctorque consilii ero,

Tac. H. 3, 2 al. —

Of a senate which accepts or adopts a proposition for a law, a confirmer, ratifier:

nunc cum loquar apud senatores populi Romani, legum et judiciorum et juris auctores,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 67.— Poet., in gen., a law-giver:

animum ad civilia vertet Jura suum, legesque feret justissimus auctor,

Ov. M. 15, 833;

and of one who establishes conditions of peace: leges captis justissimus auctor imposuit,

id. ib. 8, 101. —Hence, auctores fieri, to approve, accept, confirm a law:

cum de plebe consulem non accipiebat, patres ante auctores fieri coëgerit,

Cic. Brut. 14, 55:

Decreverunt ut, cum populus regem jussisset, id sic ratum esset, si patres auctores fierent,

Liv. 1, 17; 1, 22; 2, 54; 2, 56; 6, 42; 8, 12 al.—

Auctor consilii publici, he who has the chief voice in the senate, a leader:

hunc rei publicae rectorem et consilii publici auctorem esse habendum,

Cic. de Or. 1, 48, 211; 3, 17, 63. —Also absol.:

regem Ariobarzanem, cujus salutem a senatu te auctore, commendatam habebam,

by your influence, and the decree of the senate occasioned by it, Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 6; cf. Gron. ad Liv. 24, 43.—

One who is an exemplar, a model, pattern, type of any thing:

Caecilius, malus auctor Latinitatis,

Cic. Att. 7, 3, 10:

nec litterarum Graecarum, nec philosophiae jam ullum auctorem requiro,

id. Ac. 2, 2, 5; cf.

Wopk. Lect. Tull. p. 34: unum cedo auctorem tui facti, unius profer exemplum,

i. e. who has done a similar thing, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 26:

Cato omnium virtutum auctor,

id. Fin. 4, 16, 44 al. —

One that becomes security for something, a voucher, bail, surety, witness:

id ita esse ut credas, rem tibi auctorem dabo,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 70:

auctorem rumorem habere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 19: fama nuntiabat te esse in Syriā;

auctor erat nemo,

id. Fam. 12, 4:

non si mihi Juppiter auctor Spondeat,

Verg. A. 5, 17:

gravis quamvis magnae rei auctor,

Liv. 1, 16:

auctorem levem, nec satis fidum super tantā re Patres rati,

id. 5, 15 fin.:

urbs auspicato deis auctoribus in aeternum condita,

under the guaranty of the gods, id. 28, 28.—Also with acc. and inf.:

auctores sumus tutam ibi majestatem Romani nominis fore,

Liv. 2, 48.—

In judic. lang., t. t.

A seller, vender (inasmuch as he warrants the right of possession of the thing to be sold, and transfers it to the purchaser; sometimes the jurists make a distinction between auctor primus and auctor secundus; the former is the seller himself, the latter the bail or security whom the former brings, Dig. 21, 2, 4; cf.

Salmas. Mod. Usur. pp. 728 and 733): quod a malo auctore emīssent,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 22:

auctor fundi,

id. Caecin. 10; Dig. 19, 1, 52: Inpero (auctor ego sum), ut tu me quoivis castrandum loces, Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 73 Wagn.; id. Ep. 3, 2, 21; id. Curc. 4, 2, 12.— Trop.:

auctor beneficii populi Romani,

Cic. Mur. 2.—

A guardian, trustee (of women and minors):

dos quam mulier nullo auctore dixisset,

Cic. Caecin. 25:

majores nostri nullam ne privatam quidem rem agere feminas sine auctore voluerunt,

Liv. 34, 2:

pupillus obligari tutori eo auctore non potest,

Dig. 26, 8, 5.—

In espousals, auctores are the witnesses of the marriage contract (parents, brothers, guardians, relatives, etc.):

nubit genero socrus, nullis auspicibus, nullis auctoribus,

Cic. Clu. 5.—

An agent, factor, spokesman, intercessor, champion:

praeclarus iste auctor suae civitatis,

Cic. Fl. 22:

(Plancius) princeps inter suos... maximarum societatum auctor, plurimarum magister,

id. Planc. 13, 22:

meae salutis,

id. Sest. 50, 107:

doloris sui, querelarum, etc.,

id. Fl. 22 fin.

Lat. auctor is also used as fem.:

eas aves, quibus auctoribus etc.,

Cic. Div. 1, 15, 27:

Et hostes aderant et (Theoxena) auctor mortis instabat,

Liv. 40, 4, 15:

auctor ego (Juno) audendi,

Verg. A. 12, 159; Ov. M. 8, 108; id. F. 5, 192; 6, 709; id. H. 14, 110; 15, 3; Sen. Med. 968; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 29 Müll. The distinction which the grammarians, Serv. ad Verg. A. 12, 159, Prob. p. 1452 sq. P., and others make between auctor fem. and auctrix, that auctrix would refer more to the lit. signif. of the verb, augeo, while auctor fem. has more direct relation to the prevailing signif. of its noun, auctoritas, is unfounded.

hărēna (better than ărēna, Bramb. s. v. Rib. Prol. Verg. p. 422, and v. infra), ae, f. [Sabin. fas-ena; from Sanscr. root bhas-, to shine, gleam, Corss. Ausspr. 1, 102].

Prop., sand (syn.:

sabulum, glarea, suburra): harenae tria genera,

Plin. 36, 23, 54, § 175:

magnus congestus harenae,

Lucr. 6, 724; 726:

litoris incurvi bibulam pavit aequor harenam,

the thirsty sand of the curved shore, id. 2, 376; so,

bibula harena,

Verg. G. 1, 114 (Rib. and Forbig., but Conington arena):

sicca,

id. ib. 1, 389:

sterilis,

id. ib. 1, 70:

mollis,

Ov. M. 2, 577:

opaci omnis harena Tagi, i. e. the gold it was believed to contain,

Juv. 3, 55 (cf. Plin. 4, 21, 35, § 115):

nivis more incidens,

Sen. Q. N. 2, 30, 2.— Poet.:

harena nigra, = limus,

slime, mud, Verg. G. 4, 292.— Plur. (postAug.; its use is said by Gell. 19, 8, 3, to have been ridiculed by Cæsar as a verbi vitium):

arenae carae, of the golden sands of Pactolus,

Ov. M. 11, 88 Merk.:

quem (delphina) postquam bibulis inlisit fluctus harenis,

id. H. 18, 201:

summae cauda verruntur arenae,

id. M. 10, 701 Merk.; so id. ib. 2, 456; 865; 11, 231; 499; 15, 268; 279; Stat. S. 4, 3, 23 Queck; Col. 1 praef. 24;

but harenae,

Ov. Am. 2, 11, 47; Verg. G. 2, 106; 3, 350; Hor. C. 3, 4, 31 K. and H.:

arenarum inculta vastitas,

Sen. Q. N. 1 prol. 8;

of the bottom of the sea: furit aestus harenis,

Verg. A. 1, 107:

aestu miscentur harenae,

id. ib. 3, 557.—Prov.

Quid harenae semina mandas? Ov. H. 5, 115; cf. id. Tr. 5, 4, 48.—

Ex incomprehensibili pravitate arenae funis effici non potest, Col. 10 praef. § 4.—

Arena sine calce, said by Caligula of Seneca, because his sentences seem like independent maxims, without connection, Suet. Cal. 53.—

Of vast numbers:

sicut arena quae est in litore maris,

Vulg. Judic. 7, 12; id. Gen. 22, 17.—

Meton.

In gen., sand, sands, a sandy place:

ut cum urbis vendiderit, tum arenam aliquam emat,

Cic. Agr. 2, 27, 71 B. and K.—

Esp.

A sandy desert, waste (mostly post-Aug.):

cum super Libycas victor penderet arenas,

Ov. M. 4, 617; Luc. 2, 417:

nigras inter harenas,

Prop. 4 (5), 6, 83:

Memnonis effigies, disjectas inter et vix pervias arenas,

Tac. A. 2, 61.—

The shore of the sea, the beach, coast, strand:

cum mare permotum ventis ruit intus harenam,

Lucr. 6, 726: litoream arenam sulcare, Ov. M. 15, 725:

doque leves saltus udaeque inmittor arenae,

id. ib. 3, 599:

multaque perpessae (carinae) Phrygia potiuntur arena,

id. ib. 12, 38:

sub noctem potitur classis arena,

id. ib. 13, 729.—So sing., Verg. A. 1, 540; 5, 34; 6, 316; 11, 626 al.—

The place of combat in the amphitheatre (strewn with sand), the arena:

in amphitheatri arena,

Suet. Ner. 53; id. Tit. 8:

missus in arenam aper,

id. Tib. 72; id. Aug. 43:

comminus ursos figebat Numidas Albana nudus harena venator,

Juv. 4, 100; 2, 144; 8, 206:

juvenes in arenam luxuria projecit,

Sen. Ep. 99, 13.—

Transf.

A combat in the amphitheatre:

in harenam se dare,

Dig. 11, 4, 5 fin.:

operas arenae promittere,

Tac. A. 14, 14:

in opera scaenae arenaeque edenda,

Suet. Tib. 35:

scaenae arenaeque devotus,

id. Cal. 30.—

The combatants in the arena: cum et juris idem (i. e. testandi libertas) contingat harenae, the gladiators have the right, etc., Juv. 6, 217.—

Harena urens, volcanic fire, lava:

Aetna ingentem vim arenae urentis effudit,

Sen. Q. N. 2, 30, 1.—

Trop., the place of combat, scene or theatre of any contest (war, a single battle, a dispute, etc.):

civilis belli arena,

Flor. 4, 2, 18; 4, 7, 6; cf. id. 3, 21, 1; Luc. 6, 63:

in harena mea, hoc est apud centumviros,

Plin. Ep. 6, 12, 2.

rĕ-pŭdĭum, ii, n. [pudet], t. t., of married or betrothed parties, a casting off, putting away of the opposite party; a dissolution of the marriage contract, a separation, divorce, repudiation:

inter divortium et repudium hoc interest, quod repudiari etiam futurum matrimonium potest, non recte autem sponsa divertisse dicitur, quando divortium ex eo dictum est, quod in diversas partes eunt, qui discedunt,

Dig. 50, 16, 191; cf.:

divortium inter virum et uxorem fieri dicitur, repudium vero sponsae remitti videtur, quod et in uxoris personam non absurde cadit,

ib. 50, 16, 101 (Cic. uses only divortium, v. h. v.):

renuntiare repudium sponsae,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 53 sq.; so,

renuntiare,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 72: repudium (sponsae) remittere, Lucil. ap. Non. 383, 20; so,

remittere,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 69; Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 35; cf.:

remittere uxori,

Suet. Tib. 11:

mittere mulieribus absentium maritorum nomine,

id. Calig. 36; cf.:

Maevia repudium misit,

Dig. 24, 3, 38:

dicere,

Tac. A. 3, 22:

scribere,

Tert. Apol. 6:

M. Lepidus Appuleiae uxoris caritate post repudium obiit,

Plin. 7, 36, 36, § 122:

repudio dimittere uxorem,

Just. 11, 11, 5; 9, 7, 1:

causam repudii dare,

Dig. 24, 3, 39:

repudium inter uxorem et virum nullum intercessit,

Val. Max. 2, 1, 4:

libellum repudii,

Vulg. Matt. 5, 31 al.; cf. Dig. 24, tit. 2: De divortiis et repudiis.—

Trop. (late Lat.):

amphitheatri,

Tert. Spect. 19:

spectaculorum,

id. ib. 24.

rŭīna, ae, f. [ruo], a rushing or tumbling down; a falling down, fall (syn.: casus, lapsus).

In abstracto.

Lit.

In gen. (rare). grandinis, Lucr. 6, 156:

aquarum,

Cael. Aur. Tard. 2, 1 med.:

nostra (sc. nucum),

Mart. 13, 25, 2:

jumentorum sarcinarumque,

Liv. 44, 5: Capanei, a fall by lightning (v. Capaneus), Prop. 2, 34 (3, 32), 40:

(apri saevi) Permixtas dabant equitum peditumque ruinas,

Lucr. 5, 1329: Tyrrhenus et Aconteus Conixi incurrunt hastis, primique ruinam Dant sonitu ingenti, rush or fall upon each other, Verg. A. 11, 613:

interea suspensa graves aulaea ruinas In patinam fecere,

fell down, Hor. S. 2, 8, 54.—

In partic., of buildings, a tumbling or falling down, downfall, ruin (class.; in good prose only in sing.):

repentinā ruinā pars ejus turris concidit... tum hostes, turris repentinā ruinā commoti, etc.,

Caes. B. C. 2, 11 fin. and 12 init.; cf.: ferunt conclave illud, ubi epularetur Scopas, concidisse: eā ruinā ipsum oppressum cum suis interiisse, Cic. de Or. 2, 86, 353; id. Div. 2, 8, 20; Tac. A. 2, 47:

aedificiorum,

Suet. Oth. 8:

amphitheatri,

id. Tib. 40:

camerae,

id. Ner. 34:

spectaculorum,

id. Calig. 31:

pontis,

id. Aug. 20:

tecta Penthei Disjecta non leni ruinā,

Hor. C. 2, 19, 15:

jam Deiphobi dedit ampla ruinam, Vulcano superante, domus,

i. e. fell in, Verg. A. 2, 310; so,

trahere ruinam,

id. ib. 2, 465; 9, 712; cf. B. a, infra:

effulsisse inter ruinam ignes,

Tac. A. 2, 47:

ruinam urbis et incendia recordantes,

Just. 5, 7, 10:

morbus, captivitas, ruina, ignis,

Sen. Tranq. 11, 6:

multos occidere incendii ac ruinae potentia est,

id. Clem. 1, 26, 5.—In plur.:

tantae in te impendent ruinae, nisi suffulcis firmiter,

Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 77; so Vell. 2, 35, 4 (with incendia); Suet. Vesp. 8; Lucr. 2, 1145:

si fractus illabatur orbis, Impavidum ferient ruinae,

Hor. C. 3, 3, 8:

dum Capitolio dementes ruinas parabat,

id. ib. 1, 37, 7.—

Trop., a downfall, fall, ruin; accident, catastrophe, disaster, overthrow, destruction, etc. (freq. and class.; used equally in sing. and plur.; cf.: exitium, pernicies).

Sing.:

vis illa fuit et, ut saepe jam dixi, ruina quaedam atque tempestas,

a catastrophe, Cic. Clu. 35, 96: incendium meum ruinā restinguam, with the overthrow, fall (of the State), Catilina ap. Sall. C. 31, 9, and ap. Cic. Mur. 25, 51:

ut communi ruinā patriae opprimerentur,

Liv. 45, 26; Vell. 2, 91, 4; 2, 85, 1; 2, 124, 1:

in hac ruinā rerum stetit una integra atque immobilis virtus populi Romani,

Liv. 26, 41:

rerum nostrarum,

id. 5, 51:

urbis,

id. 25, 4:

ex loco superiore impetu facto, strage ac ruinā fudere Gallos,

utter defeat, id. 5, 43; cf.:

ruinae similem stragem eques dedit,

id. 4, 33:

Cannensis,

id. 23, 25; 42, 66 fin.; 4, 46;

5, 47: ruina soceri in exsilium pulsus,

Tac. H. 4, 6; cf. id. G. 36:

pereat sceleratus, regnique trahat patriaeque ruinam,

Ov. M. 8, 497:

aliae gentes belli sequuntur ruinam,

Flor. 2, 12, 1:

ille dies utramque Ducet ruinam,

i. e. death, Hor. C. 2, 17, 9:

Neronis principis,

Plin. 17, 25, 38, § 245.—

Plur.:

praetermitto ruinas fortunarum tuarum, quas omnes impendere tibi proximis Idibus senties,

Cic. Cat. 1, 6, 14:

in ruinis aversae, atque afflictae rei publicae,

id. Sest. 2, 5:

devota morti pectora liberae Quantis fatigaret ruinis,

Hor. C. 4, 14, 19; cf.:

nox auget ruinas,

Val. Fl. 3, 207:

principiis in rerum fecere ruinas et graviter magni magno cecidere ibi casu,

i. e. false steps, errors, mistakes, Lucr. 1, 740:

(Academia) si invaserit in haec, miseras edet ruinas,

Cic. Leg. 1, 13, 39:

ruinas videres,

id. Fin. 5, 28, 83.—

In concreto.

That which tumbles or falls down, a fall (not anteAug.).

In gen. ( poet.):

disjectam Aenaeae toto videt aequore classem Fluctibus oppressos Troas caelique ruinā,

i. e. a storm, rain, Verg. A. 1, 129; so,

caeli (with insani imbres),

Sil. 1, 251:

poli,

i. e. thunder, Val. Fl. 8, 334.—

In partic. (acc. to I. A. 2.), a building that has tumbled down, a ruin, ruins (mostly in plur., and not in Cic. prose):

nunc humilis veteres tantummodo Troja ruinas ostendit,

Ov. M. 15, 424:

Sagunti ruinae nostris capitibus incident,

Liv. 21, 10, 10:

(urbs) deserta ac strata prope omnis ruinis,

id. 33, 38, 10:

fumantes Thebarum ruinae,

id. 9, 18, 7:

ruinis templorum templa aedificare,

id. 42, 3:

in tugurio ruinarum Carthaginiensium,

Vell. 2, 19 fin. —In sing.:

alius par labor... flumina ad lavandam hanc ruinam jugis montium ducere,

Plin. 33, 4, 21, § 74:

EX RVINA TEMPLI MARTIS,

Inscr. Orell. 2448 (A.D. 256).—

Transf., of persons who cause ruin, a destroyer:

rei publicae,

Cic. Sest. 51, 109:

ruinae publicanorum,

id. Prov. Cons. 6, 13.

sŏlĭdus, a, um (contr. collat. form sol-dus, a, um, Hor. S. 1, 2, 113; 2, 5, 65), adj. [Sanscr. sarvas, all; Gr. holos, whole; old Lat. sollus; cf. sollistimus], firm, dense, compact, not hollow, solid (class.).

Lit.: individua et solida corpora (sc. atomoi), Cic. Fin. 1, 6, 18; cf. id. Div. 2, 67, 98:

terra solida et globosa,

id. N. D. 2, 39, 137:

columna aurea (opp. extrinsecus inaurata),

id. Div. 1, 24, 48; cf.

cornua (opp. cava),

Plin. 11, 37, 45, § 127:

lapides,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 6:

corpus,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 27:

paries vel solidus vel fornicatus,

Cic. Top. 4, 22:

sphaera solida atque plena,

id. Rep. 1, 14, 22; cf.:

crateres auro solidi,

Verg. A. 2, 765:

ex solido elephanto,

id. G. 3, 26; id. A. 6, 69; 6, 552:

aera,

id. ib. 9, 809:

telum solidum nodis,

id. ib. 11, 553:

vasa auro solida,

Tac. A. 2, 33; 13, 10:

solidum ex auro signum,

Just. 39, 2, 5:

nunc solida est tellus, quae lacus ante fuit,

Ov. F. 6, 404; so,

ripa,

id. ib. 14, 49:

sedes (opp. aër),

id. ib. 2, 147:

navis ad ferendum incursum maris solida,

Sen. Ep. 76, 13:

sit solidum quodcumque subest,

Aus. Ed. 16, 12: solidus cibus, solid food, as opposed to fluid, Vulg. Heb. 5, 12. — Comp.:

solidior caseus factus,

Col. 7, 8, 4. — Sup.:

solidissima materiaï corpora (opp. mollia),

Lucr. 1, 565; 1, 951:

tellus,

Ov. M. 15, 262.— Subst.: sŏlĭdum, i, n., a solid substance, solidity:

cum duae formae praestantes sint, ex solidis globus, ex planis autem circulus aut orbis,

Cic. N. D. 2, 18, 47:

nihil tangi potest, quod careat solido,

id. Univ 4, 11; cf.:

quae (species deorum) nihil concreti habeat, nihil solidi, nihil expressi,

id. N. D. 1, 27, 75:

inane abscindere soldo,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 113; cf. id. ib. 2, 1, 78:

fossa fit ad solidum,

to the solid ground, to the bottom, Ov. F. 4, 821:

finditur in solidum cuneis via,

into the hard wood, Verg. G. 2, 79; 2, 231:

neque fundamenta (amphitheatri) per solidum subdidit,

Tac. A. 4, 62:

solido procedebat elephas in pontem,

on solid ground, Liv. 44, 5.—

Transf. (opp. to that which is divided, scattered, or in parts), whole, complete, entire (= integer, totus):

usurā, nec eā solidā, contentus est,

Cic. Att. 6, 1, 3:

militia semestri solidum stipendium accipere,

Liv. 5, 4:

solida taurorum viscera,

Verg. A. 6, 253:

ut solidos hauriant (serpentes) cervos taurosque,

Plin. 8, 14, 14, § 36:

quibus solida ungula,

id. 10, 63, 83, § 173:

motus terrae quasdam (civitates) solidas absorbuit,

Just. 30, 4, 3:

ut decies solidum exsorberet,

i. e. at once, in one draught, Hor. S. 2, 3, 240: decem annos solidos errasse, Varr. ap. Non. 405, 21; cf.:

partem solido demere de die,

Hor. C. 1, 1, 20:

annus,

Liv. 1, 19:

hora,

Juv. 11, 205:

parum solidum consulatum explere,

incomplete, Liv. 4, 8 fin.:

vos, quibus...solidae suo stant robore vires,

Verg. A. 2, 639.—As substt.

In gen.: sŏlĭdum, i, n., the whole sum:

ita bona veneant, ut solidum suum cuique solvatur,

Cic. Rab. Post. 17, 46; Hor. S. 2, 5, 65; Quint. 5, 10, 105; Tac. A. 6, 17; Dig. 45, 2, 2 sq.—

In partic.: sŏlĭdus, i, m. (sc. nummus), in the time of the emperors a gold coin, at first called aureus, and worth about twenty-five denarii, afterwards reduced nearly one half in value, Dig. 9, 3, 5; 11, 4, 1; 21, 1, 42; Cod. Just. 10, 70, 5; App. M. 10, p. 242, 34; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 39; Vulg. 1 Par. 29, 7; id. 1 Esd. 2, 69; id. Ecclus. 29, 7.—

Trop., sound, solid, substantial, genuine, true, real (in this sense a favorite word with Cic.; syn.: firmus, constans, stabilis;

opp. inanis, levis, vanus, mobilis, etc.): solida et perpetua fides,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 44; so,

fides,

Tac. H. 2, 7:

solida et robusta et assidua frequentia,

Cic. Planc. 8, 21:

solida atque robusta eloquentia,

Quint. 10, 1, 2:

solida ac virilis ingenii vis,

id. 2, 5, 23:

est enim gloria solida quaedam res et expressa, non adumbrata,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 2, 3:

judicia solida et expressa,

id. Planc. 12, 29:

justitiae effigies,

id. Off. 3, 17, 69:

quod appellant honestum, non tam solido quam splendido nomine,

id. Fin. 1, 18, 61:

suavitas austera et solida,

id. de Or. 3, 26, 103:

solida veraque laus,

id. Sest. 43, 93; cf.:

solida laus ac vera dignitas,

id. Vatin. 3, 8:

gloria (with vera),

id. Phil. 5, 18, 50: nostra gloria, cum sit ex solido, Curt. 9, 2, 14:

nulla utilitas (with puerilis delectatio),

Cic. Fin. 1, 21, 72:

salus,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 10:

gratia,

id. Curc. 3, 35; Ov. M. 12, 576:

beneficium,

Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 32:

gaudium,

id. And. 4, 1, 24:

libertas,

Liv. 2, 2, 6; Tac. Or. 9:

fides,

id. H. 2, 79:

mens,

firm, determined, Hor. C. 3, 3, 4:

solidum opus doctrinae,

Val. Max. 4, 1, ext. 1:

in solidiore aliquo scripti genere,

Sen. Contr. 1, 8, 16:

gravior solidiorque sententia,

Gell. 11, 13, 8:

virtus,

Val. Max. 2, 8, 5; 5, 4, ext. 5:

vinum,

Pall. 11, 14 fin.— Neutr. absol.:

quibus ex rebus nihil est, quod solidum tenere possis,

Cic. Pis. 25, 60:

multos in solido rursus Fortuna locavit,

in safety, Verg. A. 11, 427; cf.:

praesentia bona nondum tota in solido sunt,

Sen. Ben. 3, 4, 2:

nostra gloria, cum sit ex solido,

Curt. 9, 2, 14:

ut salus ejus locetur in solido,

Amm. 17, 5, 11.—Hence, adv., in two forms.

sŏlĭdum (very rare), soundly, thoroughly:

dinoscere cautus Quid solidum crepet,

Pers. 5, 25:

Venus irata solidum,

App. M. 5, p. 171, 24.—

sŏlĭdē (not in Cic.).

(Acc. to I.) Densely, closely, solidly:

solide et crassis viminibus contexta cista,

Col. 12, 56, 2:

solide natus est,

i. e. without a hollow place, without wind in one's inside, Petr. 47, 4.— Comp.:

concreta aqua,

Gell. 19, 5, 5.—

(Acc. to II.) Surely, wholly, fully, truly:

neque, natus necne is fuerit, id solide scio,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 8; 4, 2, 47; Ter And. 5, 5, 8; App. M. 3, p. 135, 41; Spart. Ael. Ver. 8.

sŏlĭdus, a, um (contr. collat. form sol-dus, a, um, Hor. S. 1, 2, 113; 2, 5, 65), adj. [Sanscr. sarvas, all; Gr. holos, whole; old Lat. sollus; cf. sollistimus], firm, dense, compact, not hollow, solid (class.).

Lit.: individua et solida corpora (sc. atomoi), Cic. Fin. 1, 6, 18; cf. id. Div. 2, 67, 98:

terra solida et globosa,

id. N. D. 2, 39, 137:

columna aurea (opp. extrinsecus inaurata),

id. Div. 1, 24, 48; cf.

cornua (opp. cava),

Plin. 11, 37, 45, § 127:

lapides,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 6:

corpus,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 27:

paries vel solidus vel fornicatus,

Cic. Top. 4, 22:

sphaera solida atque plena,

id. Rep. 1, 14, 22; cf.:

crateres auro solidi,

Verg. A. 2, 765:

ex solido elephanto,

id. G. 3, 26; id. A. 6, 69; 6, 552:

aera,

id. ib. 9, 809:

telum solidum nodis,

id. ib. 11, 553:

vasa auro solida,

Tac. A. 2, 33; 13, 10:

solidum ex auro signum,

Just. 39, 2, 5:

nunc solida est tellus, quae lacus ante fuit,

Ov. F. 6, 404; so,

ripa,

id. ib. 14, 49:

sedes (opp. aër),

id. ib. 2, 147:

navis ad ferendum incursum maris solida,

Sen. Ep. 76, 13:

sit solidum quodcumque subest,

Aus. Ed. 16, 12: solidus cibus, solid food, as opposed to fluid, Vulg. Heb. 5, 12. — Comp.:

solidior caseus factus,

Col. 7, 8, 4. — Sup.:

solidissima materiaï corpora (opp. mollia),

Lucr. 1, 565; 1, 951:

tellus,

Ov. M. 15, 262.— Subst.: sŏlĭdum, i, n., a solid substance, solidity:

cum duae formae praestantes sint, ex solidis globus, ex planis autem circulus aut orbis,

Cic. N. D. 2, 18, 47:

nihil tangi potest, quod careat solido,

id. Univ 4, 11; cf.:

quae (species deorum) nihil concreti habeat, nihil solidi, nihil expressi,

id. N. D. 1, 27, 75:

inane abscindere soldo,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 113; cf. id. ib. 2, 1, 78:

fossa fit ad solidum,

to the solid ground, to the bottom, Ov. F. 4, 821:

finditur in solidum cuneis via,

into the hard wood, Verg. G. 2, 79; 2, 231:

neque fundamenta (amphitheatri) per solidum subdidit,

Tac. A. 4, 62:

solido procedebat elephas in pontem,

on solid ground, Liv. 44, 5.—

Transf. (opp. to that which is divided, scattered, or in parts), whole, complete, entire (= integer, totus):

usurā, nec eā solidā, contentus est,

Cic. Att. 6, 1, 3:

militia semestri solidum stipendium accipere,

Liv. 5, 4:

solida taurorum viscera,

Verg. A. 6, 253:

ut solidos hauriant (serpentes) cervos taurosque,

Plin. 8, 14, 14, § 36:

quibus solida ungula,

id. 10, 63, 83, § 173:

motus terrae quasdam (civitates) solidas absorbuit,

Just. 30, 4, 3:

ut decies solidum exsorberet,

i. e. at once, in one draught, Hor. S. 2, 3, 240: decem annos solidos errasse, Varr. ap. Non. 405, 21; cf.:

partem solido demere de die,

Hor. C. 1, 1, 20:

annus,

Liv. 1, 19:

hora,

Juv. 11, 205:

parum solidum consulatum explere,

incomplete, Liv. 4, 8 fin.:

vos, quibus...solidae suo stant robore vires,

Verg. A. 2, 639.—As substt.

In gen.: sŏlĭdum, i, n., the whole sum:

ita bona veneant, ut solidum suum cuique solvatur,

Cic. Rab. Post. 17, 46; Hor. S. 2, 5, 65; Quint. 5, 10, 105; Tac. A. 6, 17; Dig. 45, 2, 2 sq.—

In partic.: sŏlĭdus, i, m. (sc. nummus), in the time of the emperors a gold coin, at first called aureus, and worth about twenty-five denarii, afterwards reduced nearly one half in value, Dig. 9, 3, 5; 11, 4, 1; 21, 1, 42; Cod. Just. 10, 70, 5; App. M. 10, p. 242, 34; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 39; Vulg. 1 Par. 29, 7; id. 1 Esd. 2, 69; id. Ecclus. 29, 7.—

Trop., sound, solid, substantial, genuine, true, real (in this sense a favorite word with Cic.; syn.: firmus, constans, stabilis;

opp. inanis, levis, vanus, mobilis, etc.): solida et perpetua fides,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 44; so,

fides,

Tac. H. 2, 7:

solida et robusta et assidua frequentia,

Cic. Planc. 8, 21:

solida atque robusta eloquentia,

Quint. 10, 1, 2:

solida ac virilis ingenii vis,

id. 2, 5, 23:

est enim gloria solida quaedam res et expressa, non adumbrata,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 2, 3:

judicia solida et expressa,

id. Planc. 12, 29:

justitiae effigies,

id. Off. 3, 17, 69:

quod appellant honestum, non tam solido quam splendido nomine,

id. Fin. 1, 18, 61:

suavitas austera et solida,

id. de Or. 3, 26, 103:

solida veraque laus,

id. Sest. 43, 93; cf.:

solida laus ac vera dignitas,

id. Vatin. 3, 8:

gloria (with vera),

id. Phil. 5, 18, 50: nostra gloria, cum sit ex solido, Curt. 9, 2, 14:

nulla utilitas (with puerilis delectatio),

Cic. Fin. 1, 21, 72:

salus,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 10:

gratia,

id. Curc. 3, 35; Ov. M. 12, 576:

beneficium,

Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 32:

gaudium,

id. And. 4, 1, 24:

libertas,

Liv. 2, 2, 6; Tac. Or. 9:

fides,

id. H. 2, 79:

mens,

firm, determined, Hor. C. 3, 3, 4:

solidum opus doctrinae,

Val. Max. 4, 1, ext. 1:

in solidiore aliquo scripti genere,

Sen. Contr. 1, 8, 16:

gravior solidiorque sententia,

Gell. 11, 13, 8:

virtus,

Val. Max. 2, 8, 5; 5, 4, ext. 5:

vinum,

Pall. 11, 14 fin.— Neutr. absol.:

quibus ex rebus nihil est, quod solidum tenere possis,

Cic. Pis. 25, 60:

multos in solido rursus Fortuna locavit,

in safety, Verg. A. 11, 427; cf.:

praesentia bona nondum tota in solido sunt,

Sen. Ben. 3, 4, 2:

nostra gloria, cum sit ex solido,

Curt. 9, 2, 14:

ut salus ejus locetur in solido,

Amm. 17, 5, 11.—Hence, adv., in two forms.

sŏlĭdum (very rare), soundly, thoroughly:

dinoscere cautus Quid solidum crepet,

Pers. 5, 25:

Venus irata solidum,

App. M. 5, p. 171, 24.—

sŏlĭdē (not in Cic.).

(Acc. to I.) Densely, closely, solidly:

solide et crassis viminibus contexta cista,

Col. 12, 56, 2:

solide natus est,

i. e. without a hollow place, without wind in one's inside, Petr. 47, 4.— Comp.:

concreta aqua,

Gell. 19, 5, 5.—

(Acc. to II.) Surely, wholly, fully, truly:

neque, natus necne is fuerit, id solide scio,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 8; 4, 2, 47; Ter And. 5, 5, 8; App. M. 3, p. 135, 41; Spart. Ael. Ver. 8.