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1 manus
I ūs f.1) рука, у животных передняя нога или лапа (dextra C; sinistra Nep или laeva C); тж. кисть руки ( comprimere in pugnum manum Q)in alicujus manibus mori C — умереть у кого-л. на рукахmanu aliquem ducere V, C — вести кого-л. за рукуmanūs dare (dedere) Pl, C, Cs, V etc. — позволить надеть на себя оковы, перен. сдаться, изъявить покорность, признать себя побеждённым, но тж. Q оказать помощьin manibus habere — ценить, любить ( aliquem C) или обрабатывать, создавать, работать (над), сочинять (librum, orationem, opus C)in manibus esse H — быть распространённым, общеизвестным, широко читаемым ( oratio in manibus est C); тж. быть налицо ( occasip in manibus est L) или быть в работе ( liber mihi in manibus est C)ad manum esse Sen или prae manu (prae manibus) esse Pl, Ter, Ap etc. — быть под рукой, наготовеnihil ad manum erat Pt — (у нас) не было ничего («ни гроша»)alicui manum adire погов. Pl — надуть кого-л.manibus pedibus(que) погов. Ter — всеми средствами или изо всех силper manūs Cs — из рук в руки, тж. из поколения в поколение ( religiones tradere L)manum (manūs) conferre L etc. (conserere L) — вступить в рукопашный бой (см. тж. 3.)sub manum Su — без труда, легкоplenā manu C etc. — полной горстью, т. е. щедро, не жалеяbrevi manu Dig — безотлагательно, немедленноlongā manu Dig — медлительно, вяло2)а) сила, мощь, храбрость (manu urbes capĕre Sl; manu superare aliquem C)б) pl. деяния, подвиги ( manus alicujus St)manu fortis Nep (promptus Sl) — отважный, храбрый3) рукопашный бой, схватка, борьбаad manum (in manūs) venire L etc. (accedere C etc.) — завязать рукопашный бойaequā manu Sl (aequis manibus L, T) — без чьего-л. перевеса (в бою)4) насилие, сила (manu ulcisci aliquid C)per manūs Sl — с применением силы, насильственноmanum afferre VP и ferre manum Lcn — идти войной, нападатьsibi manūs offerre Plancius ap. C — наложить на себя руки5) властьin alicujus manūs (manum) venire (incĭdĕre) C etc. — подпасть под чью-л. властьaliquid in manu alicujus ponĕre C, T — предоставить что-л. в чьё-л. распоряжение (отдать что-л. во власть кому-л.)manum ad aliquid expedītam habere Nep — иметь полную возможность для чего-л.6) работа, труд, деятельность ( sine labōre et manu C)manum ultimam (summam или extrēmam) imponĕre alicui rei V, O, Sen etc. — завершить (закончить, доделать) что-л.manu — человеческой рукой, искусственно (portus manu factus C; urbs manu munitissima C)morbi, quos manu fecimus Sen — болезни, которые мы сами себе причинили7) искусстве или произведение искусства ( artificum manūs mirari V)8) почерк, рука ( alicujus manum imitari C)9)а) группа, отряд, кучка, горсть (militum Nep; hostium Sl)б) банда, шайка ( praedonum C)10) хобот (elephanti C, QC)11) абордажный крюк (m. ferrea Cs, L)12) сторона ( ad hanc manum Ter)15) бросок (при игре в кости), ход SuII mānus, a, um арх.добрый, добросердечный Vr, Macr -
2 manus
1.mănus, ūs (dat. manu for manui:I.alternae manu,
Prop. 1, 11, 12; 2, 1, 60), f. [root man-, ma-, to measure; Sanscr. ma, measure, moon; cf. Germ. Mond, moon, and O. H. Germ. mund, hand; Angl.-Sax. mund], a hand.Lit.:II.quam vero aptas, quamque multarum artium ministras manus natura homini dedit!
Cic. N. D. 2, 60, 150:vas in manus sumere,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 27, § 62:Epicurum in manus sumere, i. e. scripta Epicuri,
id. Tusc. 2, 3, 8:pyxidem in manu tenere,
id. Cael. 26, 63:manum porrigere ad tradendum aliquid,
id. ib.:de manibus deponere,
to lay out of one's hands, lay down, id. Ac. 1, 1, 2. ponere, id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:extorquere,
to wrest from one's hands, id. Cat. 1, 6, 13:e manibus dimittere,
to let go out of one's hands, id. Or. 30, 105: manum ad os apponere, i. e. to lay the finger on the lips in token of secrecy, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1, 4: alicui in manu esse, to be obvious, clear:neque mihi in manu Jugurtha qualis foret,
Sall. J. 14, 4:(feminas) in manu esse parentium, fratrum, virorum,
subject to, Liv. 34, 2, 11; cf.:minus filiae uxores sorores quibusdam in manu erunt,
id. 34, 7, 11: in manibus esse, to be in everybody's hands, to be well known:est in manibus oratio,
Cic. Lael. 25, 96:est in manibus laudatio,
id. Sen. 4, 12; id. Brut. 33, 125.—Also, to be near:hostes sunt in manibus,
near to us, close by us, upon us, Caes. B. G. 2, 19, 7; also, to be present: attendere, quae in manibus sunt, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 13, 1; Verg. A. 10, 280: in manibus habere, to have in hand, to be engaged on a thing:omnia, quae in manibus habebam, abjeci,
Cic. Att. 13, 47, 1:habeo opus magnum in manibus,
id. Ac. 1, 1, 2:philosophi quamcunque rem habent in manibus, in eam, etc.,
id. Tusc. 5, 7, 18; id. Sen. 7, 22; id. Cael. 27, 65:milites bellum illud, quod erat in manibus, reliquisse,
id. Rep. 2, 37, 63; cf.:dum occasio in manibus esset,
Liv. 7, 36, 10:inimicorum in manibus mortuus est,
among, Cic. Inv. 1, 55, 108:manu tenere,
to know for certain, id. Brut. 80, 277.— Pass.:manibus teneri,
to be certain, evident, Cic. Sest. 32, 69: habere in manibus, to fondle, caress, make much of:sic in manibus (inimicum meum) habebant, sic fovebant, etc.,
id. Fam. 1, 9, 10:in manus venire,
to come to hand, id. Q. Fr. 2, 15, b, 1:proelium in manibus facere,
to fight at close quarters, Sall. J. 57, 4:ad manum habere,
to have at hand, have in readiness, Quint. 12, 5, 1:ad manum esse,
at hand, in hand, near, Liv. 9, 19: ad manum venire or accedere, to come hand to hand, come to close quarters:nonnumquam etiam res ad manus, atque ad pugnam veniebat,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 11, § 28; Nep. Eum. 5, 2; Liv. 2, 30:ut venere in manus,
Tac. A. 2, 80:ut ventum in manus,
id. H. 4, 71:adire manum alicui, v. 1. adeo: ad manum intueri aliquid,
at hand, close by, hard by, Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 97:prae manu or manibus,
at hand, in readiness, in hand, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 3, 10; App. M. 6, p. 180, 32; Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 23; Gell. 19, 8:quem servum ille habuit ad manum,
Cic. de Or. 3, 60, 225:servus a manu,
i. e. a scribe, secretary, Suet. Caes. 74:de manu dare,
to give with one's own hand, Lampr. Alex. Sev. 37: de manu in manum quippiam tradere, to deliver from hand to hand, i. e. with great care, Cic. Fam. 7, 5, 2: manum ferulae subducere, to take the hand from the rod, i. e. to be too old for the rod, Juv. 1, 15: e manu (for eminus; opp. cominus), from a distance: quae mea cominus machaera atque hasta hostibit e manu, Enn. ap. Fest. s. v. redhostire, p. 270 Müll. (Trag. v. 212 Vahl.): plenā manu, with a full or plentiful hand, bountifully, liberally:plenā manu dare,
abundantly, Sen. Ben. 1, 7, 2; id. Ep. 120, 10; id. ad Polyb. 9, 7;so trop.: Hortalus, quam plenā manu nostras laudes in astra sustulit,
Cic. Att. 2, 25, 1; so,plenis manibus pecuniam largiri,
Lact. 3, 16, 15; cf.:quemquam vacuis a se manibus abire pati,
Sen. Brev. Vit. 14, 5: manibus pedibusque aliquid facere (Greek pux kai lax), with hands and feet, i. e. with all one's power, with might and main, Ter. And. 1, 1, 134:per manus,
with the hands, Caes. B. G. 6, 37:per manus servulae,
by her assistance, Cic. Att. 1, 12, 3: per manus tradere, to deliver from hand to hand, from mouth to mouth, to hand down from father to son:traditae per manus religiones,
Liv. 5, 51: per manus, also, by force, by main force, forcibly:per manus libertatem retinere,
Sall. J. 31, 22: inter manus, in one's hands, under one's hands:agger inter manus proferebatur,
Caes. B. C. 2, 2:villa crescit inter manus,
Sen. Ep. 12, 1:nihil adhuc inter manus habui cui majorem sollicitudinem praestare deberem,
Plin. Ep. 2, 5, 2:scripta quae inter manus habes,
are occupied with, id. ib. 5, 5, 7.— Trop., palpable, evident:ante oculos interque manus sunt omnia vestras,
Verg. A. 11, 311; cf.:manus inter parentum,
id. ib. 2, 681: inter manus, also, in one's hands, in one's arms:abripite hunc intro actutum inter manus,
Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 38:e convivio auferri,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 11, § 28: sub manu and sub manum, at hand, near, readily, immediately, on the instant: Vocontii sub manu ut essent, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 2:quo celerius, ac sub manum annuntiari cognoscique posset, quid in provincia quāque gereretur, etc.,
Suet. Aug. 49; Sen. Ep. 71, 1: sub manus succedere, according to one's wish, [p. 1112] Plaut. Mil. 3, 2, 59: alicujus manu esse, to be from or by one's hand:epistulae quae quidem erant tua manu,
Cic. Att. 7, 2, 3; cf. id. ib. 8, 13, 1 (cf. II. C. infra): manu, with the hand, by hand, i. e. artificially, opp. to naturally, by nature: manu sata, i. e. by the hand of man, opp. to what grows wild. Caes. B. C. 3, 44:urbs manu munitissima,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 2, § 4:quaedam ingenia manu, quod aiunt, facienda sunt,
Sen. Ep. 52, 1:quidam et liberos ejurent et orbitatem manu faciant,
id. ad Marc. 19, 2: morbi, quos manu fecimus, i. e. which we produce by our own fault (e. g. by intemperance), Sen. Brev. Vit. 3, 3: oratio manu facta, artificial, elaborate, opp. to natural, simple, id. Ep. 115, 2: manu mederi, to be a surgeon, Cels. praef. 1: manibus aequis or manu aequā, with equal advantage:manibus aequis abscessum est,
Tac. A. 1, 63:aequā manu discedere,
to come off with equal advantage, Sall. C. 39, 4: manus afferre, to lay hands on; trop., to destroy or weaken:qui diutius torqueri patitur, quem protinus potest liberare, beneficio suo manus affert,
Sen. Ben. 2, 5, 3:manum inicere alicui,
to lay the hand on one, to detain, arrest him, Cic. Rosc. Com. 16, 48: manum dare, to give or lend a hand, to help, assist, Quint. 2, 3, 7: manus dare or dedere, to give the hands to be bound; hence, in gen., to give up, yield, surrender:perpende, et, si tibi vera videntur, Dede manus, aut, si falsum est, accingere contra,
Lucr. 2, 1043:fateor, manus vobis do,
Plaut. Pers. 5, 2, 72:donicum aut certe vicissent, aut victi manum dedissent,
Nep. Ham. 1; cf. Caes. B. G. 5, 31; Cic. Att. 2, 22, 2; Ov. H. 4, 14; 17, 260; Verg. A. 11, 568; Lact. 5, 1, 3:brevi manu,
immediately, without delay, Dig. 23, 3, 43, § 1:longā manu,
slowly, tediously, ib. 46, 3, 79: manum tollere, to raise the hand in token of an intention to yield, to yield, submit: cedo et tollo manum, Cic. Fragm. ap. Lact. 3, 28: manus tollere, to raise the hands in token of admiration or astonishment, Cic. Ac. 2, 19, 63: manus tendere ad aliquem, less freq. alicui, to stretch out the hands to one to implore assistance, Caes. B. G. 2, 13; Cic. Font. 17, 38:quae Romanis manus tendebant,
Caes. B. G. 7, 48:dextram Italiae,
Cic. Phil. 10, 4, 9:manu sternere aliquem,
with the sword, Verg. A. 9, 702: utrāque manu, with both hands, i. e. willingly, readily, Mart. 1, 16, 9:manus manum lavat,
one hand washes the other, one helps the other, Sen. Apoc. 9 fin.; Petr. c. 45, 13; Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 80: manum non vertere, not to turn the hand, prov. for to take no pains, make no effort:qui se fatentur virtutis causā ne manum quidem versuros fuisse,
Cic. Fin. 5, 31, 93; cf. App. Mag. p. 311.Transf.A.The hand as the instrument used in fight; hence, personal valor, bravery:2.ne usu manuque reliquorum opinionem fallent,
Caes. B. C. 3, 86:manu fortissimus,
Liv. 39, 40:manu fortis,
Nep. Dat. 1, 3:manu vincere,
Ov. M. 1, 448:manu capere urbes,
by force of arms, Sall. J. 5, 5:manum committere Teucris,
to fight, Verg. A. 12, 60; so,conserere manum,
Liv. 21, 39; 25, 11; 27, 33:conferre manum,
Liv. 10, 43; Verg. A. 12, 345:in proelia Ferre manum,
id. ib. 5, 403; cf.:et vice teli saevit nuda manus,
Juv. 15, 54.—Force, violence, fighting, close combat:B.res venit ad manus atque ad pugnam,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 11, § 28:venire ad manum,
Liv. 2, 30:accedere ad manum,
Nep. Eum. 5:in manus venire,
to come to an engagement, come to close quarters, Sall. J. 89, 2:pugna jam ad manus venerat,
Liv. 2, 46:non manu, neque vi,
force, violence, Sall. J. 31, 18; so Tac. Agr. 9.—Of the hand of an artist:C.manus extrema non accessit ejus operibus,
the last hand, the finishing touch, Cic. Brut. 33, 126: aptius a summā conspiciare manu, when you have given yourself the finishing touch, i. e. have completed your toilet, Ov. A. A. 3, 225:carmen nondum recepit ultimam manum,
has not yet received the last polish, Petr. 118.—Hence, extremam bello Imponere manum, to put the finishing hand to the war, to bring it to a close, Verg. A. 7, 573.—Prov.: manum de tabula, lit., the hand from the picture, i. e. enough, Cic. Fam. 7, 25, 1.—A hand, handwriting; in gen., work, workmanship:D.librarii manus,
Cic. Att. 8, 13, 1: Alexidis manum amabam, quod tam prope accedebat ad similitudinem tuae litterae, id. ib. 7, 2, 3:manum suam cognovit,
id. Cat. 3, 5, 12:propter emissam ab eis manum,
Dig. 22, 3, 15:Praxitelis manus, Scopaeque,
Mart. 4, 39, 3:artificum,
Verg. A. 1, 455.—For pars, a side:E.est ad hanc manum sacellum,
Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 37:a laeva conspicienda manu,
Ov. A. A. 3, 307. —In throwing dice, a stake: quas manus remisi, to throw up the stakes, Aug. ap. Suet. Aug. 71.—F.In fencing, a thrust, hit, blow:G.rectae, aversae, tectaeque manus,
Quint. 9, 1, 20:prima, secunda, tertia, quarta,
the prime, second, tierce, quart, id. 5, 13, 54.—The trunk of an elephant:H.manus etiam data elephantis,
Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 120; Curt. 8, 14, 27; Sil. 9, 628.—The fore-paws of bears, Plin. 8, 36, 54, § 130.—K.The branches on a tree:L.(platanus) cui lnnumerae manus,
Stat. S. 2, 3, 39:fraxineae,
Pall. Insit. 60.—In milit. lang.: ferreae manus, iron hooks with which an enemy's ship was grappled, grappling-irons:M.manus ferreas atque harpagones paraverant,
Caes. B. C. 1, 57:in advenientes hostium naves ferreas manus inicere,
Liv. 36, 44 fin.:manus ferreas excogitare,
Front. Strat. 2, 3, 24; Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 209; Curt. 4, 9, 2; Aur. Vict. Vir. Ill. 38; Luc. 3, 635.—Also milit., an armed force, corps of soldiers:2.si nova manus cum veteribus copiis se conjunxisset,
Caes. B. G. 1, 37:magnam manum conducere,
id. ib. 5, 27:Hasdrubalem propediem affore cum manu haudquaquam contemnenda,
Liv. 30, 7 fin.; id. 44, 27.—Beyond the milit. sphere, in gen., a body, host, number, company, multitude:N.Romam veniet cum magna manu,
Cic. Att. 16, 11, 6:evocatorum,
id. Fam. 15, 4, 3:manus ad Quirinalia paratur,
id. Q. Fr. 2, 3, 4; cf.:manum facere, copias parare,
id. Caecin. 12, 33:manus bonorum,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5, § 16:Judaeorum,
id. Fl. 28, 66:conjuratorum,
id. Cat. 1, 5, 12:bicorpor,
i. e. the Centaurs, id. Tusc. 2, 9, 22:purpuratorum et satellitum,
Liv. 42, 51:magna clientium,
Suet. Tib. 1:comitum,
Stat. S. 5, 3, 262:juvenum,
Verg. A. 6, 5.—Labor, hands, i. e. workmen:O.nos aera, manus, navalia demus,
Verg. A. 11, 329:quale manus addunt ebori decus,
id. ib. 1, 592.—Power:2.haec non sunt in nostra manu,
Cic. Fam. 14, 2, 3; cf.: in tua manu est, it rests with you, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6, 1:juxta deos in tua manu positum est,
Tac. H. 2, 76:victoria in manu nobis est,
depends on, Sall. C. 20, 10:in vostra manu situm,
id. J. 31; Plaut. Merc. 3, 4, 43:in manu esse mihi,
id. Trin. 1, 2, 67. —In partic., in jurid. lang., the legal power of a husband over his wife, the manus:P.in potestate quidem et masculi et feminae esse solent: in manum autem feminae tantum conveniunt. Olim itaque tribus modis in manum conveniebant: usu, farreo, coëmptione, etc.,
Gai. Inst. 1, 108 sq.; Cic. Fl. 34, 84 al.—Law t. t., manūs injectio, i. e. an arrest: per manus injectionem agebatur, Gai Inst. 4, 21: ob eam rem ego tibi sestertium X. milium judicati manus inicio, Vet. Form. ap. Gai. ib.2.mānus, i. q. bonus, Varr. L. L. 6, 2, 4; Macr. S. 1, 3, 13; Isid. 5, 30, 14; Serv. Verg. A. 1, 139; 2, 286; v. ‡ cerus manus. -
3 manus [1]
1. manus, ūs, f. (griech. μάρη, ahd. munt), die Hand, I) eig. u. bildl.: A) im allg.: manus dextera, Cic., Ggstz. laeva, Cic., od. sinistra, Nep.: manus hostilis, Plaut.: manus callosa, Sen. – abrumpere manibus ramos, Ov.: abscīdere manus, Suet.: abstinere manus, Liv., manus ab alqo, Cic., ab alcis pecuniis, Cic., a se, Cic., manus alieno, Cato: accedere ad manum od. ad manus, an die H. herangehen, v. Tieren = auf den Ruf kommen und aus der H. fressen, Cic. u. Varro (v. Menschen s. no. B, 2): accipere puerum in manum, Iustin.: accipere alqd manibus, Cic.: adire alci manum, s. 2. ad-eo no. I, 1: manus adhibere genibus, beim Flehen, Ov., pomis, um sie zu pflücken, Sen. poët.: manus adhibere vectigalibus, bildl., Hand anlegen an usw. = sie berauben, Cic.: admovere manus religiose (mit frommer Scheu). Liv.: admovere manum od. manus alci rei od. ad alqd, s. ad-moveono. I: afferre manus, s. af-ferono. II A: affingere mundo nec manus nec pedes nec alia membra, Cic.: amittere manibus, Plaut., e od. de manibus, Cic. u. Liv.: apponere manus ad os, um nicht zu laut zu reden, Cael. in Cic. ep.: apprehendere manum osculandi causā, Suet.: armare manus, s. armono. II, 2, a: haec asserere utrāque manu complexuque toto, gern, Mart.: cohibere manus ab alieno, Plaut., manum, oculos, animum ab auro gazaque regis, Cic.: collidere manus, Quint.: complodere manus, Quint, saepius manus, v. Zornigen, Sen.: comprimere manum, manus, s. com-primono. II, 1, a: conferre ferrum et manus, zum Kampfe, Cic.: continere manum intra pallium, Quint.: continere vix ab alqo manus ac tela, Cic.: porrigere mutuas in gratiam manus, Sen. rhet.: manum dare alci, die H. reichen, Quint.: manus dare, bildl., sich ohne fernere Gegenwehr ergeben, sich für überwunden bekennen, nachgeben, Caes., Cic. u.a. (vgl. Burm. Ov. her. 17, 260. Bünem. Lact 5, 1, 3): so auch victas manus dare, Ov., manus dedere, Verg.: dare alci alqd in manum, Ter.: deponere alqd de manibus, Cic.: dimittere (ex) manibus, s. dī-mitto: ducere alqm manu, Verg. u. (bildl.) Cic.: elabi e manu, e manibus, s. ē-lābor: elabi de manibus (bildl.), ein Spielball des Zufalls werden, Cic.: emittere manu, e u. de manibus, s. ē-mittono. II. – esse in manibus, α) in den Händen sein, oratio est in manibus, man hat sie in der Hand, man kann sie lesen, sie ist bekannt, Cic.: poet, in manibus Mars ipse, ihr habt den M. gleichs. in euren Händen (= jetzt hängt der Erfolg des Kampfes ganz von eurer Tapferkeit ab), Verg. β) in Arbeit sein, liber mihi est in manibus, unter der Feder, Cic. γ) nahe sein, gegenwärtig sein, Caes. u. Verg.: sed ecce in manibus vir et praestantissimo ingenio et flagranti studio, C. Gracchus, siehe, da steht vor uns ein Mann usw., da sind wir (in der Aufzählung) gekommen an einen Mann usw., Cic. δ) jetzt vorgehen, attendere, quae sunt in manibus, Cic.: quia vindemiae in manibus, ich mit der W. zu tun habe, Plin. ep. – alci in manu esse, in jmds. Kräften stehen, jmdm. möglich sein, Komik. (s. Lorenz Plaut. most. 577), tibi id in manu est ne fiat, Ter. – eximere alci e manu manubrium, s. manubrium: extendere manus suas, Ov. u. Lact., manum infesto pollice, Quint.: extorquere sicam de manibus, Cic.: fugere e manibus, Cic.: habere in manibus alqm, jmd. auf den H. tragen, Cic.: habere in manibus alqd, etwas unter den Händen (in der Arbeit) haben, Cic.: laevam tunicis inserere manum, Ov.: iactare manus, beim Tanze, Prop. u. Ov., beim Deklamieren, Quint.: lavare manus, Cic. (u. sprichw., manus manum lavat, eine Hand wäscht die andere, Sen. apoc. 9, 6. Petron. 45, 13): ostende huc manum dexteram, Plaut.: ponere alqd de manibus, Cic.: porrigere manum, s. 2. por-rigo: prehendere alcis manum, Cic., alqm manu, Cic.: premere manu spongiam plenam aquai (= aquae) ac siccare, Lucr.: proferre ambas manus, Plaut.: regere manum alcis manu superimpositā, Quint.: sumere vas in manus, Cic.: sustinere alqd porrectis manibus, Cic.: tangere alcis manum, jmdm. an den Puls fühlen, Sen.: non potest beneficium manu tangi, ist nicht handgreiflich, Sen.: tendere manus, s. tendo: tenere manu, dexterā manu, utrisque manibus, teneri manu, manibus (bildl.), s. teneo: tollere manus, s. tollo: alqm venerari manu, seine Verehrung durch Handkuß bezeichnen (indem man die eigene Hand küßt und diesen Kuß dem anderen zuwirft), Tac.: versare manu exemplaria Graeca, Hor.: alcis rei causā ne manum quidem vertere, die Hand nicht umdrehen einer Sache wegen, d.i. sich nicht die mindeste Mühe geben, Cic. de fin. 5, 93: u. so quid de me Mezentius sentiat, manum non vorteris, wirst du keine H. umwenden (wird dir gleichgültig sein), Apul. apol. 56: vincire manus post tergum, Liv., post terga, Verg., manus laxe, Liv. – Besondere Verbindungen, in denen manus im Abl. oder mit Praepp. steht: a) von der Nähe, in Verbindgg. wie victoriam in manibus videre, Cic.: ad manum, bei der Hand, zur Hand, esse, Liv. u. Fronto, habere, Quint., intueri, Plin.: habere ad manum scribae loco, Nep.: servum sibi habere ad manum, zum Privatsekretär, Cic.: dah. librarius ad manum, zur Hand, zum persönlichen Dienste, Corp. inscr. Lat. 6, 9523. – b) sub manu od. manum, bei der Hand (in der Nähe), Planc. in Cic. ep.: dah. leicht, ohne Mühe, sogleich, Sen. u. Suet. – c) de manu, α) mit eigener Hand, facere, Cic.: u. so bl. manu parere sibi letum, Verg. β) aus eigener Hand, d. i auf eigene Kosten, Colum. γ) de manu in manum tradere, aus unserer Hand in eines anderen Hand, Cic. – d) plenā manu, mit voller, (geldvoller) Hand, Tibull.: bildl., liberaliter et plenā manu faciam, Sen. contr.: plenā manu scapulas eius verberavit, mit voller (breiter) H., Petron.: plenā manu alcis laudes in astra tollere = jmdm. reichliches Lob spenden, Cic. – e) manibus pedibusque od. manibus pedibus (griech. πυξ καὶ λάξ), mit Händen u. Füßen, d.i. mit allen Kräften, mit aller Anstrengung, Ter. Andr. 161 u. 676. – f) per manus, α) mit den Händen, trahere, Caes.: per manus servulae servatus, durch ihren Dienst, Cic. β) von Hand zu Hand, Liv.: bildl., traditae per manus religiones, vom Vater auf den Sohn und von diesem auf den Enkel usw., Liv. – g) prae manu, vor die Hand, zur Hand, in Bereitschaft, esse, Plaut.: si paulum dederis prae manu, vor die Hand, in die Hand, zum Anfange der Wirtschaft, Ter.: habere prae manu, ICt.: si liber est prae manibus, bei der Hand, Gell. – h) inter manus, α) mit den Händen, auferri, Cic.: proferri, Caes. β) unter den Händen, in den Händen, Cael. in Cic. ep.: inter manus habere, eine schriftl. Arbeit unter den H. haben, Plin. ep. γ) inter manus esse, handgreiflich sein (= vor Augen liegen), Verg. – i) sub manus, unter den Händen, succedere, Plaut. – k) manibus aequis, mit gleichen Vorteilen, mit gleichem Glücke (im Kampfe), nach unentschiedenem Kampfe, bellum nox intempesta diremit, Enn. ann. 167: dirimere pugnam, Liv.: abscedere, Tac.: so auch aequā manu discedere, Sall. Cat. 39, 4 (Ggstz. superiorem discedere). – l) a manu servus, Schreiber, Sekretär, Suet. Caes. 74, 1 (vgl. Corp. inscr. Lat. 6, 8409 u. 9534): u. so liberta a manu, Suet. Vesp. 3. – m) brevi manu, sogleich, ohne Verzögerung, ICt.: hingegen longā manu, langsam, ICt. – n) illotis manibus, s. il-lōtus. – o) manum de tabula! eig. die Hand vom Gemälde! sprichw. = genug! es sei genug! Cic. ep. 7, 25, 1.
B) insbes.: 1) die Faust = die persönliche Tapferkeit, die bewaffnete Hand, manu fortis, Nep.: manu promptus, Sall.: manu sternere alqm, Verg.: manu vincere, Ov.: manu capere urbes, Sall.: usu manuque, Caes.: committere manum Teucris, handgemein werden (im Kampf), Verg. (vgl. confero u. consero). – 2) das Handgemenge, die Tätlichkeit, Gewalttätigkeit, ad od. in manum venire, Liv. u. Plin. pan., od. ad manum accedere, Nep., zum Handgemenge kommen, handgemein werden: so auch in manus venire, Liv.: pugna iam ad manus venerat, man war handgemein geworden, Liv.: res venit ad manum, Cic.: proelium in manibus facere, im Handgemenge kämpfen, Sall.: continere manus ab alqo, Ov.: manibus temperare, es nicht zu Tätlichkeiten kommen lassen, Liv.: vim et manus afferre, zu Gewalt u. Gewalttätigkeiten schreiten, Cic.: Armeniae manum afferre, A. angreifen, Vell.: alci od. alci rei (zB. regnis) manum od. manus inicere, Gewalt antun, Sen. u. Val. Max.: manu (mit bewaffneter Hand) vindicare iniurias, Sall.: u. so vindicandum in eos... non manu neque vi, verum (sondern) etc., Sall.: ebenso per manus libertatem retinendam, Sall. – 3) (Abl. manu) von der Kunst od. Anwendung der Kunst, v. Bemühung u. Händearbeit, manu quaerere (erwerben), Cic.: bes. im Ggstz. zu dem, was von Natur ist = durch Händearbeit, durch die Kunst, piscina manu facta, Varro: portus od. canales manu facti, Cic. u. Sen.: congesta manu oppida, Verg.: manu sata, Getreide von Menschen gesät, Caes.: arbusculae manu cultae, künstlich gezogene, Fronto: urbs manu munitissima, Cic.: postea credo additas moles manuque adiutum, ut etc., und es sei durch die Kunst nachgeholfen, Liv. – übtr., auf gesuchte, künstliche Weise (vgl. Lipsius Sen. ad Marc. 19, 2. p. 122 ed. 4.), morbi, quos manu fecimus, Sen.: quidam liberos eiurant et orbitates manu faciunt, Sen.: oratio fucata et manu facta (affektierte), Sen. – 4) die Hand = Macht, Gewalt, haec non sunt in manu nostra, Cic.: omnes, quorum in alterius manu vita posita est, Cic.: iuxta deos in tua manu posita est, Tac.: in vestra manu situm est (in eurer H. liegt es) m. indir. Fragesatz, Sall., m. folg. Infin., Apul.: dah. manu mittere od. emittere, s. manūmittou. ē-mitto. – convenire in manum, s. con-veniono. I, A, b, β (Bd. 1. S. 1656).
II) meton.: 1) die Hand, d.i. Arbeit des Künstlers u. jedes Arbeitenden, prima, Quint.: extrema, letzte Hand, d.i. Vollendung und Vervollkommnung einer Arbeit, extrema manus non accessit eius operibus, Cic.: so auch summa manus, Sen., ultima manus, Ov.: aptius a summa conspiciare manu, laß dich lieber sehen, wenn du völlig geputzt bist, Ov.: manus pretium, s. manūpretium. – 2) die Hand eines Schreibenden, die Handschrift, u. die des Künstlers in den bildenden Künsten, der Stil u. dgl., alia, Cic.: Alexidis manum amabam, Cic.: redii ad meam manum, nun schreibe ich selbst, Cic.: manum emittere, die Hand (Handschrift) von sich geben, ICt.: falso manum eius imitatus, Eutr.: manus Praxitelis, Werk des Praxiteles, Mart.: artificum manus miratur, Verg. – 3) der Wurf im Würfelspiele, si quas manus remisi, Würfe (= deren Gewinn) geschenkt habe, Aug. b. Suet. Aug. 71, 3. – 4) der Handgriff, totas artis manus, machinas omnes ardenter exercet, übtr. = alle Kniffe u. Ränke, Apul. met. 3, 16. – 5) in der Fechtkunst, der Hieb, Stich, Stoß (vgl. Spalding Quint. 5, 13, 54. p. 386 sq.), prima (die Prime), secunda (der Nachstoß), tertia, Quint.: manum exigere, anbringen, Quint.
III) übtr.: 1) der Rüssel des Elefanten, Cic. u.a. – 2) die Vorderfüße des Bären, Plin.: des Affen, Plin. – 3) die Zweige der Bäume, Stat. u. Pallad. – 4) manus ferrea, ein eiserner, an einer Kette befestigter Haken, um feindliche Schiffe zu entern, der Enterhaken (vgl. harpago), Caes., Liv. u.a. – 5) (wie χείρ) die Schar (im üblen Sinne die Rotte, Bande), a) übh.: bonorum, Cic.: Iudaeorum, Cic.: coniuratorum, Cic.: manus bicorpor, von den Zentauren, Cic. poët. – insbes., Leute = Arbeiter zum Schiffsbau, Verg. Aen. 11, 329. – b) eine bewaffnete Schar, eine Abteilung, magna, Cic.: parva, Sall.: firma, Cic.: nova (Ggstz. veteres copiae), Caes.: manum facere, Cic.: manum conducere, Caes.: manum cogere, Caes. – / Archaist. Genet. manuis, *Varro sat Men. 423. – Dat. manu, Prop. 1, 11, 12; vgl. Prisc. 7, 88. – vulg. Formen nach der 2. Deklin., Abl. mano, Corp. inscr. Lat. 3, 88: Akk. Plur. manos, Itala (Taurin.) Marc. 9, 34. Itala (Clar.) 1. Timoth. 2, 8.
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4 manus
1. manus, ūs, f. (griech. μάρη, ahd. munt), die Hand, I) eig. u. bildl.: A) im allg.: manus dextera, Cic., Ggstz. laeva, Cic., od. sinistra, Nep.: manus hostilis, Plaut.: manus callosa, Sen. – abrumpere manibus ramos, Ov.: abscīdere manus, Suet.: abstinere manus, Liv., manus ab alqo, Cic., ab alcis pecuniis, Cic., a se, Cic., manus alieno, Cato: accedere ad manum od. ad manus, an die H. herangehen, v. Tieren = auf den Ruf kommen und aus der H. fressen, Cic. u. Varro (v. Menschen s. no. B, 2): accipere puerum in manum, Iustin.: accipere alqd manibus, Cic.: adire alci manum, s. 2. adeo no. I, 1: manus adhibere genibus, beim Flehen, Ov., pomis, um sie zu pflücken, Sen. poët.: manus adhibere vectigalibus, bildl., Hand anlegen an usw. = sie berauben, Cic.: admovere manus religiose (mit frommer Scheu). Liv.: admovere manum od. manus alci rei od. ad alqd, s. admoveo no. I: afferre manus, s. affero no. II A: affingere mundo nec manus nec pedes nec alia membra, Cic.: amittere manibus, Plaut., e od. de manibus, Cic. u. Liv.: apponere manus ad os, um nicht zu laut zu reden, Cael. in Cic. ep.: apprehendere manum osculandi causā, Suet.: armare manus, s. armo no. II, 2, a: haec asserere utrāque manu complexuque toto, gern, Mart.: cohibere manus ab alieno, Plaut., manum, oculos, animum ab auro gazaque regis, Cic.: collidere————manus, Quint.: complodere manus, Quint, saepius manus, v. Zornigen, Sen.: comprimere manum, manus, s. comprimo no. II, 1, a: conferre ferrum et manus, zum Kampfe, Cic.: continere manum intra pallium, Quint.: continere vix ab alqo manus ac tela, Cic.: porrigere mutuas in gratiam manus, Sen. rhet.: manum dare alci, die H. reichen, Quint.: manus dare, bildl., sich ohne fernere Gegenwehr ergeben, sich für überwunden bekennen, nachgeben, Caes., Cic. u.a. (vgl. Burm. Ov. her. 17, 260. Bünem. Lact 5, 1, 3): so auch victas manus dare, Ov., manus dedere, Verg.: dare alci alqd in manum, Ter.: deponere alqd de manibus, Cic.: dimittere (ex) manibus, s. dimitto: ducere alqm manu, Verg. u. (bildl.) Cic.: elabi e manu, e manibus, s. elabor: elabi de manibus (bildl.), ein Spielball des Zufalls werden, Cic.: emittere manu, e u. de manibus, s. emitto no. II. – esse in manibus, α) in den Händen sein, oratio est in manibus, man hat sie in der Hand, man kann sie lesen, sie ist bekannt, Cic.: poet, in manibus Mars ipse, ihr habt den M. gleichs. in euren Händen (= jetzt hängt der Erfolg des Kampfes ganz von eurer Tapferkeit ab), Verg. β) in Arbeit sein, liber mihi est in manibus, unter der Feder, Cic. γ) nahe sein, gegenwärtig sein, Caes. u. Verg.: sed ecce in manibus vir et praestantissimo ingenio et flagranti studio, C. Gracchus, siehe, da steht vor uns ein Mann usw., da sind wir (in der————Aufzählung) gekommen an einen Mann usw., Cic. δ) jetzt vorgehen, attendere, quae sunt in manibus, Cic.: quia vindemiae in manibus, ich mit der W. zu tun habe, Plin. ep. – alci in manu esse, in jmds. Kräften stehen, jmdm. möglich sein, Komik. (s. Lorenz Plaut. most. 577), tibi id in manu est ne fiat, Ter. – eximere alci e manu manubrium, s. manubrium: extendere manus suas, Ov. u. Lact., manum infesto pollice, Quint.: extorquere sicam de manibus, Cic.: fugere e manibus, Cic.: habere in manibus alqm, jmd. auf den H. tragen, Cic.: habere in manibus alqd, etwas unter den Händen (in der Arbeit) haben, Cic.: laevam tunicis inserere manum, Ov.: iactare manus, beim Tanze, Prop. u. Ov., beim Deklamieren, Quint.: lavare manus, Cic. (u. sprichw., manus manum lavat, eine Hand wäscht die andere, Sen. apoc. 9, 6. Petron. 45, 13): ostende huc manum dexteram, Plaut.: ponere alqd de manibus, Cic.: porrigere manum, s. porrigo: prehendere alcis manum, Cic., alqm manu, Cic.: premere manu spongiam plenam aquai (= aquae) ac siccare, Lucr.: proferre ambas manus, Plaut.: regere manum alcis manu superimpositā, Quint.: sumere vas in manus, Cic.: sustinere alqd porrectis manibus, Cic.: tangere alcis manum, jmdm. an den Puls fühlen, Sen.: non potest beneficium manu tangi, ist nicht handgreiflich, Sen.: tendere manus, s. tendo: tenere manu, dexterā manu, utrisque manibus, teneri manu,————manibus (bildl.), s. teneo: tollere manus, s. tollo: alqm venerari manu, seine Verehrung durch Handkuß bezeichnen (indem man die eigene Hand küßt und diesen Kuß dem anderen zuwirft), Tac.: versare manu exemplaria Graeca, Hor.: alcis rei causā ne manum quidem vertere, die Hand nicht umdrehen einer Sache wegen, d.i. sich nicht die mindeste Mühe geben, Cic. de fin. 5, 93: u. so quid de me Mezentius sentiat, manum non vorteris, wirst du keine H. umwenden (wird dir gleichgültig sein), Apul. apol. 56: vincire manus post tergum, Liv., post terga, Verg., manus laxe, Liv. – Besondere Verbindungen, in denen manus im Abl. oder mit Praepp. steht: a) von der Nähe, in Verbindgg. wie victoriam in manibus videre, Cic.: ad manum, bei der Hand, zur Hand, esse, Liv. u. Fronto, habere, Quint., intueri, Plin.: habere ad manum scribae loco, Nep.: servum sibi habere ad manum, zum Privatsekretär, Cic.: dah. librarius ad manum, zur Hand, zum persönlichen Dienste, Corp. inscr. Lat. 6, 9523. – b) sub manu od. manum, bei der Hand (in der Nähe), Planc. in Cic. ep.: dah. leicht, ohne Mühe, sogleich, Sen. u. Suet. – c) de manu, α) mit eigener Hand, facere, Cic.: u. so bl. manu parere sibi letum, Verg. β) aus eigener Hand, d. i auf eigene Kosten, Colum. γ) de manu in manum tradere, aus unserer Hand in eines anderen Hand, Cic. – d) plenā manu, mit voller, (geldvoller) Hand,————Tibull.: bildl., liberaliter et plenā manu faciam, Sen. contr.: plenā manu scapulas eius verberavit, mit voller (breiter) H., Petron.: plenā manu alcis laudes in astra tollere = jmdm. reichliches Lob spenden, Cic. – e) manibus pedibusque od. manibus pedibus (griech. πυξ καὶ λάξ), mit Händen u. Füßen, d.i. mit allen Kräften, mit aller Anstrengung, Ter. Andr. 161 u. 676. – f) per manus, α) mit den Händen, trahere, Caes.: per manus servulae servatus, durch ihren Dienst, Cic. β) von Hand zu Hand, Liv.: bildl., traditae per manus religiones, vom Vater auf den Sohn und von diesem auf den Enkel usw., Liv. – g) prae manu, vor die Hand, zur Hand, in Bereitschaft, esse, Plaut.: si paulum dederis prae manu, vor die Hand, in die Hand, zum Anfange der Wirtschaft, Ter.: habere prae manu, ICt.: si liber est prae manibus, bei der Hand, Gell. – h) inter manus, α) mit den Händen, auferri, Cic.: proferri, Caes. β) unter den Händen, in den Händen, Cael. in Cic. ep.: inter manus habere, eine schriftl. Arbeit unter den H. haben, Plin. ep. γ) inter manus esse, handgreiflich sein (= vor Augen liegen), Verg. – i) sub manus, unter den Händen, succedere, Plaut. – k) manibus aequis, mit gleichen Vorteilen, mit gleichem Glücke (im Kampfe), nach unentschiedenem Kampfe, bellum nox intempesta diremit, Enn. ann. 167: dirimere pugnam, Liv.: abscedere, Tac.: so auch aequā manu discedere, Sall. Cat.————39, 4 (Ggstz. superiorem discedere). – l) a manu servus, Schreiber, Sekretär, Suet. Caes. 74, 1 (vgl. Corp. inscr. Lat. 6, 8409 u. 9534): u. so liberta a manu, Suet. Vesp. 3. – m) brevi manu, sogleich, ohne Verzögerung, ICt.: hingegen longā manu, langsam, ICt. – n) illotis manibus, s. illotus. – o) manum de tabula! eig. die Hand vom Gemälde! sprichw. = genug! es sei genug! Cic. ep. 7, 25, 1.B) insbes.: 1) die Faust = die persönliche Tapferkeit, die bewaffnete Hand, manu fortis, Nep.: manu promptus, Sall.: manu sternere alqm, Verg.: manu vincere, Ov.: manu capere urbes, Sall.: usu manuque, Caes.: committere manum Teucris, handgemein werden (im Kampf), Verg. (vgl. confero u. consero). – 2) das Handgemenge, die Tätlichkeit, Gewalttätigkeit, ad od. in manum venire, Liv. u. Plin. pan., od. ad manum accedere, Nep., zum Handgemenge kommen, handgemein werden: so auch in manus venire, Liv.: pugna iam ad manus venerat, man war handgemein geworden, Liv.: res venit ad manum, Cic.: proelium in manibus facere, im Handgemenge kämpfen, Sall.: continere manus ab alqo, Ov.: manibus temperare, es nicht zu Tätlichkeiten kommen lassen, Liv.: vim et manus afferre, zu Gewalt u. Gewalttätigkeiten schreiten, Cic.: Armeniae manum afferre, A. angreifen, Vell.: alci od. alci rei (zB. regnis) manum od. manus inicere, Gewalt antun, Sen. u. Val. Max.: manu (mit————bewaffneter Hand) vindicare iniurias, Sall.: u. so vindicandum in eos... non manu neque vi, verum (sondern) etc., Sall.: ebenso per manus libertatem retinendam, Sall. – 3) (Abl. manu) von der Kunst od. Anwendung der Kunst, v. Bemühung u. Händearbeit, manu quaerere (erwerben), Cic.: bes. im Ggstz. zu dem, was von Natur ist = durch Händearbeit, durch die Kunst, piscina manu facta, Varro: portus od. canales manu facti, Cic. u. Sen.: congesta manu oppida, Verg.: manu sata, Getreide von Menschen gesät, Caes.: arbusculae manu cultae, künstlich gezogene, Fronto: urbs manu munitissima, Cic.: postea credo additas moles manuque adiutum, ut etc., und es sei durch die Kunst nachgeholfen, Liv. – übtr., auf gesuchte, künstliche Weise (vgl. Lipsius Sen. ad Marc. 19, 2. p. 122 ed. 4.), morbi, quos manu fecimus, Sen.: quidam liberos eiurant et orbitates manu faciunt, Sen.: oratio fucata et manu facta (affektierte), Sen. – 4) die Hand = Macht, Gewalt, haec non sunt in manu nostra, Cic.: omnes, quorum in alterius manu vita posita est, Cic.: iuxta deos in tua manu posita est, Tac.: in vestra manu situm est (in eurer H. liegt es) m. indir. Fragesatz, Sall., m. folg. Infin., Apul.: dah. manu mittere od. emittere, s. manumitto u. emitto. – convenire in manum, s. convenio no. I, A, b, β (Bd. 1. S. 1656).II) meton.: 1) die Hand, d.i. Arbeit des Künstlers————u. jedes Arbeitenden, prima, Quint.: extrema, letzte Hand, d.i. Vollendung und Vervollkommnung einer Arbeit, extrema manus non accessit eius operibus, Cic.: so auch summa manus, Sen., ultima manus, Ov.: aptius a summa conspiciare manu, laß dich lieber sehen, wenn du völlig geputzt bist, Ov.: manus pretium, s. manupretium. – 2) die Hand eines Schreibenden, die Handschrift, u. die des Künstlers in den bildenden Künsten, der Stil u. dgl., alia, Cic.: Alexidis manum amabam, Cic.: redii ad meam manum, nun schreibe ich selbst, Cic.: manum emittere, die Hand (Handschrift) von sich geben, ICt.: falso manum eius imitatus, Eutr.: manus Praxitelis, Werk des Praxiteles, Mart.: artificum manus miratur, Verg. – 3) der Wurf im Würfelspiele, si quas manus remisi, Würfe (= deren Gewinn) geschenkt habe, Aug. b. Suet. Aug. 71, 3. – 4) der Handgriff, totas artis manus, machinas omnes ardenter exercet, übtr. = alle Kniffe u. Ränke, Apul. met. 3, 16. – 5) in der Fechtkunst, der Hieb, Stich, Stoß (vgl. Spalding Quint. 5, 13, 54. p. 386 sq.), prima (die Prime), secunda (der Nachstoß), tertia, Quint.: manum exigere, anbringen, Quint.III) übtr.: 1) der Rüssel des Elefanten, Cic. u.a. – 2) die Vorderfüße des Bären, Plin.: des Affen, Plin. – 3) die Zweige der Bäume, Stat. u. Pallad. – 4) manus ferrea, ein eiserner, an einer Kette befestigter————Haken, um feindliche Schiffe zu entern, der Enterhaken (vgl. harpago), Caes., Liv. u.a. – 5) (wie χείρ) die Schar (im üblen Sinne die Rotte, Bande), a) übh.: bonorum, Cic.: Iudaeorum, Cic.: coniuratorum, Cic.: manus bicorpor, von den Zentauren, Cic. poët. – insbes., Leute = Arbeiter zum Schiffsbau, Verg. Aen. 11, 329. – b) eine bewaffnete Schar, eine Abteilung, magna, Cic.: parva, Sall.: firma, Cic.: nova (Ggstz. veteres copiae), Caes.: manum facere, Cic.: manum conducere, Caes.: manum cogere, Caes. – ⇒ Archaist. Genet. manuis, *Varro sat Men. 423. – Dat. manu, Prop. 1, 11, 12; vgl. Prisc. 7, 88. – vulg. Formen nach der 2. Deklin., Abl. mano, Corp. inscr. Lat. 3, 88: Akk. Plur. manos, Itala (Taurin.) Marc. 9, 34. Itala (Clar.) 1. Timoth. 2, 8.————————2. mānus, a, um (archaist. Wort), gut, gütig, angef. bei Varro LL. 6, 4. Macr. sat. 1, 3, 13. Serv. Verg. Aen. 1, 139; 2, 268. Isid. orig. 5, 30, 14. Vgl. Cerus manus. -
5 manus
1) рука (1. 10 D. 28, 1. 1. 26 § 1 D. 20, 1);cavere testamento (1. 37 § 6 D. 32);
declarare (1. 29 D. 26, 2. 1. 6 § 2 D. 29, 7. 1. 15 pr. D. 48, 10. 1. 2. 4 C. 9, 23. 1. 1 eod. 1. 8 § 6 D. 37, 4);
adimere libertatem (1. 6 § 2 D. 48, 10); тк. собственноручное письмо: manum emittere (см. s. 2);
debere (1. 1 C. 12, 41); сдеданный руками человеческими, прот. naturalis (1. 28 D. 8, 2. 1. 20 § 1 D. 8, 3. 1. 1 § 1. 1. 2 § 5. 6 D. 39, 3. 1. 1 § 8 D. 43, 12); рукоделие, manus pretium, цена ручной работы (1. 13 § 1 D. 50, 16);
manupretium, плата за работу (1. 30 § 3 D. 19, 2);
ad manum non habere pecuniam, nummos, не иметь под рукой (1. 27 D. 13, 7. 1. 19 § 5 D. 16, 1);
manu longa tradita res (1. 79 D. 46, 3);
brevi m. acceptum (1. 43 § 1 D. 23, 3);
manum iniicere, manus iniectio (см.);
manus iniectio esto (L. XII. tab. III. 2);
manum endo iacito (tab. I. 2);
manum conserunt (tab. VI. 5);
manu fustive si os fregit (tab. VIII. 3);
sibi manum depellere (Gai. IV. 24. 25. 1. 13 § 4 D. 5, 3. 1. 15 § 7 D. 42, 1. 1. 14 § 1 D. 11, 7. 1. 3 C. 9, 27);
manus inferre (см. s. 4);
obiicere (1. 5 C. 10, 1. 1. 1 § 1 D. 2, 10. 1. 1 § 12 D. 43, 16);
ad manus aut ad ferrum venire, вступать в рукопашный бой (1. 11 § 2 D. 48, 19);
manu armata aggredi (1. 3 § 7 D. 47, 12);
manu capi ab hostibus (1. 4 § 3 D. 1, 5);
2) драка, насилие, manu damnum (iniuriam) dare (1. 29 § 2. 1. 37 pr. D. 9, 2);ager manucaptus (1. 16 D. 41, 1. 1. 21 C. 6, 2).
3) отряд воинов, роma, adhibita manus per vim aedificare in solo alieno (1. 9 pr. D. 4, 2. 1. 6 pr. D. 48, 13. 1. 3 pr. D. 43, 4. cf. 1. 68 D. 6, 1);iniuria, quae manu fit (1. 5 pr. D. 47, 10); отсюда символическое действие для укрепления напр. устного заявления, per manum i. e. lapilli iactum, prohibere (1. 5 § 10 D. 39, 1. cf. 1. 50 D. 41, 1. 1. 20 § 1 D. 43, 24).
4) власть мужа над женой, по древн. рим. праву, in manum convenire, convent o;corrpere accusatos (1. 2 C. 9, 39).
in m. recipere, in manu habere uxorem.;
5) власть господина или отца над рабами или детьми;in manu (viri) esse (Gai. 1. 49. 108-113. 115 b 136. 137. 142. 148. 150. 159. II. 86. 90. 96. 98. 139. 159. III. 3. 14. 24. 84. 114, 163 192. IV. 80).
in patr. pot.напр. manui et potestati suppositum esse;
6) произвол (1. 2 § 1 D. 1, 2).de manu missio (1. 4 D. 1, 1. § 6 I. 1, 12, 1. 6 C. 8, 49. 1. 1 § 2 C. 7, 40).
Латинско-русский словарь к источникам римского права > manus
-
6 manus
[st1]1 [-] manus, mana, manum, arch.: Varr. bon. [st1]2 [-] manŭs, ūs, f.: a - main. - injicere manum alicui: arrêter, empoigner qqn, porter la main sur qqn. - tendere manus ad aliquem (qqf. alicui): tendre les mains vers qqn. - dare (dedere) manus: tendre les mains, se reconnaître vaincu, se rendre. - dare manum alicui: tendre la main à qqn, aider qqn, assister qqn. - plenā manu dare: donner à pleines mains, donner généreusement. - ad manum esse: être tout près. - ad manum intueri aliquid, Plin. 35, 10, 36: regarder qqch de près. - abstinere manus (manum) ab aliquo (ab aliqua re): ne pas toucher à qqn (qqch). - manus conserere: en venir aux mains ou se prendre par la main. - jactare manus: gesticuler. b - bras; trompe (d'éléphant). - manus elephanti: la trompe de l'éléphant. c - main, travail. - urbs manu munitissima: ville très fortifiée par le travail de l’homme. - manum de tabulā, Cic. (prov.): cesse de travailler à ton tableau (= assez, cela suffit). - manus Praxitelis, Mart.: ouvrage de Praxitèle. d - violence, voies de fait. - venire ad manus (in manus): en arriver aux voies de fait, en arriver aux mains. e - écriture (travail de la main). - cognovit et signum et manum suam, Cic. Cat. 3: il reconnut le cachet et son écriture. - tum senex dicitur eam fabulam quam in manibus habebat, Oedipum Coloneum recitasse judicibus,Cic. CM. 7, 22: on dit que le vieillard lut alors aux juges la pièce d'Oedipe à Colone, qu'il avait en chantier (à laquelle il travaillait). - a manu servus, Suet.: esclave secrétaire. - redii ad meam manum, Cic.: maintenant, j'écris moi-même. f - coup (jeu de dés, escrime). - si quas manus remisi cuique exegissem, Suet.: si j'avais exigé le paiement des coups dont j'ai fait grâce à chacun. g - grappin, main de fer, harpon. h - main armée, combat; exploits. - manibus aequis (manu aequā): avec un avantage égal. - aequā manu discedere, Sall. C. 39, 4: quitter le combat avec des avantages égaux. ii - autorité, pouvoir, puissance. - victoria in manu nobis est, Sall. C. 20, 10: la victoire est entre nos mains (la victoire dépend de nous). - in manibus Mars ipse, Virg.: vous avez Mars dans vos mains (= l'issue du combat dépend de vous). - haec non sunt in nostra manu, Cic. Fam. 14, 2, 3: cela ne dépend pas de nous. j - troupe, armée, bande, multitude, foule. k - quelques tournures. - brevi manu, Dig. 23, 3, 43, § 1: immédiatement, sans délai. - longā manu, Dig. 46, 3, 79: lentement. - esse in manibus: être entre les mains, posséder --- être en mains, être sur le métier (on travaille à). - habere aliquid in manibus: avoir qqch sous la main. - servus a manu: secrétaire, scribe. - manu mederi, Cels. praef. 1: être chirurgien. - per manus: avec les mains, de main en main ou par la force, d'assaut, les armes à la main. - per manus alicujus: par les soins de qqn. - per manus libertatem retinere, Sall. J. 31, 22: défendre la liberté les armes à la main. - sub manu (sub manum): à portée de la main, sous la main, tout près; immédiatement, à l'instant. - (ferrea) manus: main de fer, grappin. - mulier viro in manum convenit: une femme tombe sous la puissance légale d’un mari = se marie. - manu misit aliquot, Petr. 42: il affranchit quelques esclaves. - arboris manus: les branches d'un arbre. - manum tollere: lever la main (pour indiquer que l'on se rend). - manus tollere: lever les mains (pour exprimer l'admiration).* * *[st1]1 [-] manus, mana, manum, arch.: Varr. bon. [st1]2 [-] manŭs, ūs, f.: a - main. - injicere manum alicui: arrêter, empoigner qqn, porter la main sur qqn. - tendere manus ad aliquem (qqf. alicui): tendre les mains vers qqn. - dare (dedere) manus: tendre les mains, se reconnaître vaincu, se rendre. - dare manum alicui: tendre la main à qqn, aider qqn, assister qqn. - plenā manu dare: donner à pleines mains, donner généreusement. - ad manum esse: être tout près. - ad manum intueri aliquid, Plin. 35, 10, 36: regarder qqch de près. - abstinere manus (manum) ab aliquo (ab aliqua re): ne pas toucher à qqn (qqch). - manus conserere: en venir aux mains ou se prendre par la main. - jactare manus: gesticuler. b - bras; trompe (d'éléphant). - manus elephanti: la trompe de l'éléphant. c - main, travail. - urbs manu munitissima: ville très fortifiée par le travail de l’homme. - manum de tabulā, Cic. (prov.): cesse de travailler à ton tableau (= assez, cela suffit). - manus Praxitelis, Mart.: ouvrage de Praxitèle. d - violence, voies de fait. - venire ad manus (in manus): en arriver aux voies de fait, en arriver aux mains. e - écriture (travail de la main). - cognovit et signum et manum suam, Cic. Cat. 3: il reconnut le cachet et son écriture. - tum senex dicitur eam fabulam quam in manibus habebat, Oedipum Coloneum recitasse judicibus,Cic. CM. 7, 22: on dit que le vieillard lut alors aux juges la pièce d'Oedipe à Colone, qu'il avait en chantier (à laquelle il travaillait). - a manu servus, Suet.: esclave secrétaire. - redii ad meam manum, Cic.: maintenant, j'écris moi-même. f - coup (jeu de dés, escrime). - si quas manus remisi cuique exegissem, Suet.: si j'avais exigé le paiement des coups dont j'ai fait grâce à chacun. g - grappin, main de fer, harpon. h - main armée, combat; exploits. - manibus aequis (manu aequā): avec un avantage égal. - aequā manu discedere, Sall. C. 39, 4: quitter le combat avec des avantages égaux. ii - autorité, pouvoir, puissance. - victoria in manu nobis est, Sall. C. 20, 10: la victoire est entre nos mains (la victoire dépend de nous). - in manibus Mars ipse, Virg.: vous avez Mars dans vos mains (= l'issue du combat dépend de vous). - haec non sunt in nostra manu, Cic. Fam. 14, 2, 3: cela ne dépend pas de nous. j - troupe, armée, bande, multitude, foule. k - quelques tournures. - brevi manu, Dig. 23, 3, 43, § 1: immédiatement, sans délai. - longā manu, Dig. 46, 3, 79: lentement. - esse in manibus: être entre les mains, posséder --- être en mains, être sur le métier (on travaille à). - habere aliquid in manibus: avoir qqch sous la main. - servus a manu: secrétaire, scribe. - manu mederi, Cels. praef. 1: être chirurgien. - per manus: avec les mains, de main en main ou par la force, d'assaut, les armes à la main. - per manus alicujus: par les soins de qqn. - per manus libertatem retinere, Sall. J. 31, 22: défendre la liberté les armes à la main. - sub manu (sub manum): à portée de la main, sous la main, tout près; immédiatement, à l'instant. - (ferrea) manus: main de fer, grappin. - mulier viro in manum convenit: une femme tombe sous la puissance légale d’un mari = se marie. - manu misit aliquot, Petr. 42: il affranchit quelques esclaves. - arboris manus: les branches d'un arbre. - manum tollere: lever la main (pour indiquer que l'on se rend). - manus tollere: lever les mains (pour exprimer l'admiration).* * *Manus, huius manus, f. g. Main.\Explicita. Quintil. Ouverte, Estendue.\Immunis manus. Horat. Qui n'est point participant du faict, Innocente.\Media manus. Quintil. Main tierce. Bud.\Manus niuea. Catul. Blanche comme neige.\Oculatae nostrae sunt manus, credunt quod Vident. Plau. Je ne croy point en promesses, Il fault payer comptant.\Parca manus. Horat. Chiche.\Plena manu. Cic. A pleine main, Abondamment, Amplement, Copieusement.\Medicas adhibere manus ad vulnera. Virgil. Mettre la main à, etc.\Inter manus arripere aliquem. Plautus. L'enlever à tout les mains.\Manu alicuius cadere. Ouid. Estre tué de la main d'aucun.\Vrbes et agros manu capere. Sallust. Conquerir à force, Prendre.\Collidere manus. Quintil. Frapper des mains l'une contre l'autre.\Dede manus. Lucret. Rens toy, Confesse que tu es vaincu.\Manu docere. Cic. Monstrer au doigt, et clairement enseigner, et comme mener par la main.\Manibus praelium facere. Sallust. Combatre main à main.\Manu fingere. Sene. Faire quelque chose d'art avec cure et soing.\Manum habere sub pallio. Quintil. Estre oiseux.\Imponere manum studiis. Ouid. Mettre la main à l'estude, Estudier.\Vltima manus imposita est coepto. Ouid. Ce que nous avions commencé est achevé.\Nunquam libri illi in manus inciderunt. Cic. Jamais ne tomberent entre mes mains, Jamais je ne les vei.\Manum iniicere, Vide INIICIO. Mettre la main sur aucun, Le prendre au corps, L'arrester en sa personne.\Parere sibi lethum manu. Virgil. Se tuer.\Manus multas poscit hoc opus. Plin. iunior. Ce labeur est grand et requiert beaucoup de gens et grand aide.\Manus remittere in aleae ludo. Sueton. Laisser rejouer son compaignon qui a mal joué, Quicter et donner la main qu'on avoit gaignee et qu'on devoit lever, à celuy qui l'a perdue.\Manum ferulae subducere. Iuuen. Apprendre à l'eschole soubs un maistre, et endurer d'estre batu soubs les autres.\Comites illi tui delecti, manus erant tuae. Cic. Par eulx tu faisois faire ce que tu voulois.\Inter manus aliquid esse dicitur, per translationem. Virg. Qui est en la puissance d'aucun.\Cui plus in manu sit, quam tibi. Plaut. Qui ha plus de quoy, que toy.\Cui ipsi nihil est in manu. Plaut. Qui n'has rien.\In manus sumere. Quintil. Prendre entre les mains et lire.\Omnes maiores natu manus ad Caesarem tendere. Caesar. Tendoyent les mains à Cesar, et luy demandoyent secours, ou se rendoyent à luy.\Breui manu tradere. Vlp. Pour eviter circuit.\Manu longa tradere. Iabolenus. Par une faincte et interpretative apprehension.\Res ad manus, atque ad pugnam veniebat. Cic. On venoit à s'entrebatre pour cest affaire, La chose estoit venue jusques aux cousteaulx.\Venire in manus. Sallust. Venir és mains de ses ennemis.\Versantur inter manus libri, aut scripta. Caelius ad Ciceronem. Quand on les lit, Livres qu'on lit communeement.\Manum non verterim. Cic. Je n'en tourneroye pas la main, Je ne m'en travaille de rien, Je n'en ay que faire, Je n'en iroye pas du banc au feu.\Manus vetant prius, quam penes sese habeant, quicquam credere. Plaut. Je ne croiray point que tu me vueilles rien donner, jusques à ce que je le tiendray.\Totum hominem tibi trado de manu in manum tuam istam. Cic. Je m'en descharge, et vous en charge.\De manibus aliquid amittere. Cic. Laisser de faire quelque chose.\Per manus. Caes. De main en main.\Per manus tradita disciplina vel historia dicitur. Liuius. Quintil. Quand on a apprins quelque chose l'un de l'autre, et non point par escriptures, comme enseignee de pere en filz.\Prae manu pecuniam aliquam dare. Teren. Avant la main, Avancer argent.\Reddidit patri omne aurum quod mihi fuit prae manibus. Plaut. Que j'avoye entre les mains.\Vocontii sub manu vt essent, per quorum loca fideliter mihi pateret iter. Plancus Ciceroni. Prests et appareillez, ou Que j'eusse puissance sur eulx.\Quem ego credo manibus, pedibusque obnixe omnia Facturum. Terent. De tout son povoir.\Conari manibus, pedibus, noctesque et dies. Terent. S'employer du tout à faire quelque chose.\Manupretium. Cic. Le payement des ouvriers, Ce que les ouvriers ont eu pour leur peine, Manifacture.\Manus. Une main de fer, ou croc à accrocher navires.\Manus. Virgil. Quintil. La bande de quelque capitaine, ou toute une armee, Multitude.\Paruula manus. Brutus ad Ciceronem. Une poignee de gents.\Orare pacem manu. Virgil. Par embassadeurs.\Manu mittere seruum, siue diuisim, siue coniunctim legas. Cic. Affranchir un serf, et luy donner liberté.\Manumissio, Verbale. Cic. Manumission, Delivrance de servage faicte du consentement du maistre.\Manufactus, vnica dictione, aut duabus, opponitur Naturali. Cel. Cic. Faict de la main.\Manus. Curtius. Plin. Le museau et trompe d'un elephant.\Manus. Quintil. L'escripture de la propre main d'un chascun.\Epistola, librarii manu est. Cic. C'est de l'escripture de mon secretaire. -
7 ad
[ABCU]A - ad (arch. ar), prép. avec acc.: (Gaffiot P. 27-29 -- Lebaigue P. 20) [zapI]I [sens local] [zapA]A [idée générale de mouvement, de direction, au pr. et au fig.] [zapst]¶1 vers, à: legatos ad aliquem mittere: envoyer des ambassadeurs à qqn II avec les noms de lieu, ad exprime l'idée d'approche ou bien l'idée d'arrivée; l'idée d'entrée dans le lieu est exprimée par in: ad urbem proficisci, Caes. BC. 1, 32, 1: partir pour la ville [Rome] ; ad urbem venire, Cic. Verr. 2, 167: venir à la ville II avec les noms de villes et de petites îles, ad exprime la direction ou l'arrivée dans les environs: ad Genavam pervenit, Caes. BG. 1, 7, 1: il arriva près de Genève; ad Mutinam proficisci, Cic. Phil. 12, 8: partir pour Modène; dux classium fuit ad ilium, Cic. Div. 1, 87: il [Calchas] dirigea les flottes vers Ilion II [en lang. milit. vers, contre: ad hostes contendere, Caes. BG. 5, 9, 1: marcher contre les ennemis; ad castra pergere, Caes. BG. 3, 18, 8: se porter contre le camp II ad vim atque arma confugere, Cic. Verr. 1, 78: chercher un refuge dans (recourir à) la force et les armes; ad insolitum genus dicendi labi, Cic. Sest. 119: se laisser glisser vers un genre de discours insolite ; [avec ellipse du v.] nunc ad ea quae scripsisti, Cic. Att. 3, 8, 2: venons-en maintenant à ce que tu m'as écrit. [zapst]¶2 [idée d'attacher, lier]: ad terram naves deligare, Caes. BG. 4, 29, 2: attacher des vaisseaux au rivage II [idée d'ajouter, annexer]: complecti vis amplissimos vires ad tuum scelus, Cic. Pis. 75: tu veux envelopper dans ton crime les hommes les plus considérables; ad cetera volnera, Cic. Vat. 20: outre les autres blessures, cf. Clu. 30 ; Liv. 7, 16, 2; ad naves viginti quinque, Liv. 23, 38, 7: en plus des 25 navires, cf. 24, 45, 3 ; 25, 3, 7, etc ; ad haec, en outre: Varr. R. 3, 5, 11; Liv. 6, 20, 7, etc ; ou ad hoc, Sall. C. 14, 3 17, 4, etc ; ad id, Liv. 3,62, 1, etc. [zapst]¶3 [idée de diriger, incliner]: ad centuriones ora convertunt, Caes. G. 6, 39, 2: ils tournent leurs visages vers les centurions; omnium mentibus ad pugnam intentis, Caes. G. 3, 26, 2: l'attention de tous étant portée sur le combat; ad aegrotandum proclivitas, Cic. Tusc. 4, 28: tendance (disposition) à la maladie; paulatim angustiore ad infimum fastigio, Caes. BG. 7,73, 5: la pente allant en se resserrant peu à peu vers le bas [en entonnoir] II ad omne periculum opponitur (consulatus), Cic. Mur. 87: (le consulat) s'expose à tous les dangers; ergo haec ad populum, Cic. Att. 6, 8, 4, donc voilà pour le peuple. II [idée de protection, de defense contre]: ad meos impetus opponitur... Cic. Verr. 5, 2: à mes assauts on oppose. [zapst]¶4 [idée d'adresser par écrit, par la parole, etc.]: ad aliquem omnia in dies singulos persequi, Cic. Att. 15, 26, 1: envoyer à qqn une relation quotidienne de tous les événements; sibi a Lentulo ad Catilinam datas esse (litteras), Cic. Cat. 3, 12: que Lentulus lui avait remis une lettre à l'adresse de Catilina; epistula C. Verris ad Neronem, Cic. Verr. 1, 83: lettre de C. Verrès à Néron II [verbe non exprimé]: tu modo quam saepissime ad me aliquid, Cic. Att. 4, 6, 4: pourvu que tu m'envoies le plus souvent possible quelques lignes; velim scribas ad me primum placeatne tibi aliquid ad illum, Cic. Att. 13, 16, 2: je voudrais que tu m'écrives d'abord, si tu es d'avis que je lui dédie qq ouvrage. [zapst]¶5 [indication de distance, de limite] à, jusqu'à: ex eo oppido pons ad Helvetios pertinet, Caes. BG. 1, 6, 3: de cette ville un pont s'étend jusque chez les Helvètes; usque ad ultimas terras, Cic. Verr. 4, 64: jusqu'aux confins de la terre II [au fig.] ad vivum, Cic. Lael. 18: jusqu'au vif; ad plenum, Virg. G. 2, 244: jusqu'au plein; pecunia ad sanum modum habendi parata, Sen. Ben. 1, 11, 5: l'argent acquis jusqu'à un raisonnable degré de possession; non ad perfectum nec ad plenum, Sen. Ep. 71, 18: non pas jusqu'à la perfection ni à la plénitude; si ea mercatus esses ad eam summam quam volueram, Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 1: si tu avais fait l'achat en te limitant à la somme que je voulais II ad numerum obsides mittere, Caes. BG. 5, 20, 4: envoyer des otages jusqu'au nombre fixé; in eorum locum et ad eorum numerum, Cic. Verr. 5, 73: à leur place et en pareil nombre; equitatus omnis, ad numerum quattuor milium, Caes. BG. 1, 15, 1: toute la cavalerie, à l'effectif de 4.000 hommes; ad certum pondus examinare, Caes. BG. 5, 12, 4: peser jusqu'à un poids déterminé; Tossas ad eandem magnitudinem perficere, Caes. BC. 1, 42, 1: creuser des fossés à la même profondeur II ad verbum unum contracta brevitas, Cic. de Or. 3, 157: brièveté ramassée en un mot unique; numerum ad trecentorum summam explevit, Liv. 2, 1, 10: il compléta le nombre jusqu'à un total de 300 II usque ad novem, Cic. Ac. 2, 94: jusqu'à neuf; omnes ad unum, Cic. Lael. 86: tous jusqu'au dernier, tous sans exception; omnibus navibus ad unam incolumibus, Caes. BC. 3, 6, 3: tous les navires sans exception étant indemnes. [zapA]B [sans idée de mouvement] [zapst]¶1 près de, chez: fuit ad me sane diu, Cic. Att. 10, 4, 8: il resta chez moi très longtemps; in servitute ad suum patrem manere, Plaut. Cap 49: rester comme esclave chez son propre père, cf. Ter. Haut. 979 ; Varr. R. 1, 17, 3; Cato. Agr. 7, 2; Liv. 24, 48, 9; Sen. Ep. 108, 4 II ad recuperatores dicere, Cic. Verr. 3, 68: parler devant les récupérateurs; ad judicem Cic. Br. 289: devant le juge; ad populum agere, Cic. Phil. 12, 17: plaider devant le peuple II ad exercitum manere, Caes. BG. 5, 53: rester à l'armée, cf. 7, 5, 3; ad Caesarem primum pilum ducere, Caes. BG. 6, 38, 1: être centurion primipile dans l'armée de César II ad pedes: près des pieds, aux pieds: Cic. Div. 1, 46 ; Sen. Ben. 3, 27, 1, etc. II ad omnes nationes sanctum nomen, Caes. BG. 3, 9, 3: titre sacré auprès de toutes les nations, cf. BG. 4, 16,7 ; 7, 5, 3 ; 21, 60, 4, etc. [zapst]¶2 [proximité d'un lieu] près de: ad urbem esse, Cic. Verr. 2, 21: être près de la ville [Rome]; ad oppidum constitit, Caes. BC. 1, 16, 4: il s'arrêta près de la ville; pons qui erat ad Genavam, Caes. BG. 1, 7, 2: le pont qui était près de Genève. II [en parl. de batailles]: proelium ad Nolam, Cic. Br. 12: bataille de Nola; ad Tenedum, Cic. Mur. 33: de Ténédos; ad Magetobrigam, Caes. BG. 1, 31, 12: à Magetobriga; ad Cannas, Liv. 23, 11, 7, etc. II à, dans [emploi rare]: ad villam ali, Cic. Amer. 44: se nourrir dans la maison de campagne; quae ad aedem Felicitatis sunt, Cic. Verr. 4, 4: [statues] qui sont dans le temple du Bonheur [ABCR]II [avec ellipse de aedem]: ad Castoris, Cic. Quinct. 17: près du temple de Castor; senatus ad Apollinis fuit, Cic. Q. 2, 3, 3: le sénat tint séance au temple d'Apollon. II du côté de, vers: pugnatur acriter ad novissimum agmen, Caes. BC. 1, 80, 5: le combat est acharné du côté de l'arrière-garde, cf. BC. 1, 63, 3 ; 2, 42, 5; castris ad eam partem oppidi positis? Caes. BG. 7, 17, 1: le camp ayant été établi de ce côté de la ville; equestribus proeliis ad aquam factis, Caes. BG. 5, 50, 1: des engagements de cavalerie ayant eu lieu près du ruisseau; ad laevam, ad dextram, Cic. Tim. 48: vers la gauche, vers la droite (à g., à dr.); ad pulvinaria, Cic. Cat. 3, 23: [près des coussins] à tous les temples; ad solarium, Cic. Quinct. 59: aux alentours du cadran solaire; ad speculum barbam vellere, Sen. Nat. 1, 17, 2: s'épiler devant un miroir; ad ignem coquere, Cato. Agr. 81: cuire au feu, sur le feu. [zapst]¶3 [adaptation accompagnement]: cantare ad chordarum sonum, Nep. Epam. 2, 1: chanter aux sons d'un instrument à cordes; ad tibicinem, Cic. Agr. 2, 93; Tusc. 1, 3, etc.: avec accompagnement du joueur de flûte II ad lucernam, Sen. Ir. 3, 18, 4: à la lueur d'une lampe, cf. Cic. Q. 3, 7, 2; ad faces, Sen. Brev. 20, 5: à la lueur des torches; ad lunam, Virg, En. 4, 513: à la lumière de la lune; ad clepsydram, Cic. de Or. 3, 138: sous le contrôle de la clepsydre [avec un temps mesuré]. [zapst]¶4 [adhérence]: ad radices linguae haerens, Cic. Nat. 2, 135: fixé à la base de la langue; ad saxa inhaerens, Cic. Nat. 2, 100: attaché aux rochers. [zapst]¶5 [participation à], [au lieu de scribendo adesse, Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 5, etc.] ad scribendum esse: être à (participer à) la rédaction d'un sénatus-consulte: Cic. Att. 1, 19, 9 ; Fam. 12, 29, 2. [zapI]II [sens temporel]: [zapst]¶1 jusqu'à: ad summam senectutem, Cic. Br. 179: jusqu'à la plus grande vieillesse; usque ad hanc diem, Cic. Verr. 4, 130; ad hanc diem, Cic. Cat. 3, 17: jusqu'aujourd'hui; ad hoc tempus, Cic. Verr. 3, 216: jusqu'au moment présent; ad multam noctem, Caes. BG. 1, 26, 3: jusqu'à un moment avancé de la nuit; ad nostram memoriam, Nep. Them.10, 3: jusqu'à notre époque; ad reditum nostrum, Cic. Att. 8, 2, 3: jusqu'à notre retour; veteres illi usque ad Socratem, Cic. de Or. 3, 72: ces anciens jusqu'à Socrate. [zapst]¶2 [approximation] vers: ad vesperam, Catul. 2, 6: sur le soir; ad lucem, Cic. Div. 1, 99: vers le point du jour; ad extremam orationem, Caes. BG. 7, 53, 1: sur la fin du discours; ad exitum defensionis tuae, Cic. Verr. 5, 32: (sur) à la fin de ta défense; ad adventum imperatorum, Nep. Att. 10, 2: à l'arrivée des triumvirs, cf. Cic. Att. 2, 17,3; 13, 15, 2. [zapst]¶3 [précision] à: ad diem, Caes. BG. 2, 5, 1: au jour fixé, cf. 7, 77, 10 ; Cic. Off. 3, 45; ad idus, Caes. BG. 1, 7, 6: aux ides; ad tempus: à temps, au moment opportun Cic. Verr. 1, 141; Caes. BG. 4, 23, 5 [mais Fin. 5, 1 et Att. 16, 2, 2, au moment fixé] ; ad extremum, Cic. Or. 174 ; de Or. 1, 142: enfin. [zapst]¶4 [durée limitée, sens voisin de jusqu'à] pour: brevis est et ad tempus, Cic. Off. 1, 27: [passion qui] est courte et pour un temps; bestiae ex se natos amant ad quoddam tempus, Cic. Lael. 27: les bêtes aiment leur progéniture pour un temps limité; ad tempus lectus, Liv. 28, 24, 5: élu provisoirement, cf. 21, 25, 14. [zapst]¶5 [avenir] dans: ad annum, Cic. Att 5, 2, 1, [il sera tribun de la plèbe] dans un an, l'année prochaine, cf. de Or. 3, 92; ad decem milia annorum, Cic. Tusc. 1, 90: dans 10.000 ans. [zapI]III [rapports variés]: [zapst]¶1 pour, en vue de [avec les verbes qui signifient exhorter à, pousser à, préparer à, disposer pour; se servir pour; travailler à; envoyer pour, etc. ; avec les adjectifs et, d'une manière générale, les expressions qui marquent le but ; très souvent ad est suivi du gérondif ou de l'adj. verbal]: ad celeritatem onerandi paulo facit humiliores (naves), Caes. BG. 5, 1, 2: en vue de la promptitude du chargement, il fait faire les vaisseaux un peu plus bas; ad omnes casus, Caes. BG. 4, 31, 2, etc.: (en vue de) pour toutes les éventualités; naves factae ad quamvis vim perferendam, Caes. BG. 3, 13, 3: navires faits pour supporter n'importe quelle violence; tu omnia ad pacem; ego omnia ad libertatem, Cic. ad Br. 2, 7, 1: [ellipse du verbe] toi, c'était tout pour la paix; moi, tout pour la liberté; non ad eam rem, sed ut... Cic. Tusc. 49: ce n'est pas dans cette intention, c'est pour que... ; ad hoc, ut + subj. Liv. 28, 39, 7; 45, 39, 8: en vue de, pour que. [zapst]¶2 [marquant le résultat, l'aboutissement]: ex agresti vita exculti ad humanitatem, Cic. Lep. 2, 36: façonnés et amenés d'une vie sauvage à la civilisation; efferavit ea caedes Thebanos ad execrabile odium Romanorum, Liv. 33, 29, 1: ce meurtre déchaîna les Thébains et leur inspira une haine implacable contre les Romains; mutatis repente ad misericordiam animis, Liv. 24, 26, 14: la fureur populaire s'étant changée soudain en compassion II ad necem, Cic. Tusc. 2, 34: [frapper] jusqu'à ce que mort s'ensuive; ad insaniam aliquid concupiscere, Cic. Verr. 2, 87: désirer qqch jusqu'à être fou; nihil intolerabile ad demittendum animum, nimis laetabile ad ecferendum, Cic. Tusc. 4, 37: rien qui soit intolérable, au point d'abattre l'âme, qui cause trop de joie, au point de la transporter. [zapst]¶3 relativement à: genus praedandi ad magnitudinem quaestus immensum, Cic. Verr. 5, 22: genre de pillage sans limite quant à la grandeur des profits; ad cetera egregius, Liv. 37, 7, 15: remarquable sous tous les autres rapports II quid id ad rem? Cic. Quinct. 79: quel rapport cela a-t-il avec l'affaire? quid ad praetorem? Cic. Verr. 1, 116: en quoi cela intéresse-t-il le préteur? quid egerit, nihil ad causam, Cic. Sest. 71: ce qu'il a accompli? cela ne regarde pas le procès; ad ea quae scribis... Cic. Att. 11, 21, 1: quant à ce que tu écris... [zapst]¶4 suivant, conformément à, d'après: ad meam rationem usumque non aestimo, Cic. Verr. 4, 13: à consulter mes principes et mon usage personnel, je ne formule pas d'évaluation; versare suam naturam ad tempus, Cic. Cael. 13: modifier son caractère suivant les circonstances; hanc ad legem, Cic. de Or. 3, 190: d'après ces principes; ad naturam, Cic. Fin. 1, 30: conformément à la nature; ad nutum alicujus, Cic. Verr. pr. 13: selon la volonté de qqn; ad perpendiculum, Cic. Verr. 1, 133: suivant la perpendiculaire; ad istorum normam sapiens, Cic. Lael. 18: sage suivant leur (équerre) règle. [zapst]¶5 en comparaison de: terram ad universi caeli complexum quasi puncti instar obtinere, Cic. Tusc. 1, 40: que la terre occupe pour ainsi dire l'équivalent d'un point en comparaison de l'étendue qu'embrasse le ciel; sed nihil ad Persium, Cic. de Or. 2, 25, mais ce n'est rien au prix de Persius, cf. Leg. 1, 6. [zapst]¶6 comme suite à, par suite de: ad clamorem convenerunt, Caes. BG. 4, 37, 2: aux cris poussés, ils se rassemblèrent; ad infirmitatem laterum contentionem omnem remiserat, Cic. Br. 202: en raison de la faiblesse de ses poumons, il avait renoncé à tout effort violent; ad quorum stridorem odoremque et aspectum territi equi, Liv. 30, 18, 7: au bruit, à l'odeur et à l'aspect de ces animaux, les chevaux effrayés; obstupuerant ad magnitudinem pristinae ejus fortunae, Liv. 39, 50, 2: ils restaient béants devant la grandeur de son ancienne fortune; ad quorum discessum respiravit Mago, Liv. 28, 30, 2: à leur départ Magon respira II ad auditas voces, Ov. M. 5, 509: entendant ces paroles; ad haec visa auditaque, Liv. 2, 23, 7: à cette vue, à ces paroles; ad crescentem tumultum, Liv. 2, 45, 12: devant le tumulte croissant. [zapst]¶7 [direction vers, réponse à]: cum ad singula acclamaretur, Liv. 34, 37, 3: comme à chaque point énoncé des cris de protestation s'élevaient, cf. 24, 14, 9; est ridiculum ad ea quae habemus nihil dicere, Cic. Arch. 8: c'est une plaisanterie que de ne rien répliquer à des faits dont nous avons la constatation; ad tuam epistolam redditae sunt meae litterae, Cic. Att. 9, 9, 3: en réponse à ta missive on t'a remis ma lettre II [sans verbe]: longum est ad omnia, Cic. Nat. 1, 19: il serait trop long de faire réponse à tout; ad ista alias, Cic. Nat. 2, 1: à une autre fois la réponse à cela; haec fere ad litteras, Cic. Fam. 12, 30, 7: voilà d'une manière générale ma réponse à la lettre; nisi quid ad haec forte vultis, Cic. Lael. 32: à moins que vous ne vouliez par hasard faire qq objection. [zapst]¶8 [idée d'approcher, d'appliquer contre], [d'où sens instrumental]: cornu ad saxa limato, Plin. 8, 71: la corne étant limée aux rochers; ad cribrum, Plin. 16, 54; ad circinum, Vitr. 10, 4, 1; ad tornum, Lucr. 4, 361; ad cotem, Plin. 24, 89, au crible, au compas, au tour, à la pierre à aiguiser [comp. au figuré ad normam]; mucronem ad linguam probare, Petr. 70: éprouver une pointe à la langue II ad digiti sonum vocare aliquem, Tibul. 1, 2, 32: appeler qqn au bruit des doigts ; [enfin, dans la 1. vulg.]: ad pectinem capillum flectere, Spart. Hadr. 2, 6, 1: arranger au peigne sa chevelure; ad fundas lapides jacere, Veg. Mil. 2,15: jeter des pierres à la fronde; ad spongiam... detergere, Veg. Mut. 3, 4, 2: essuyer à l'éponge. [zapst]¶9 [approximation] vers, environ [devant un nom de nombre]: ad hominum milia decem, Caes. BG. 1, 4, 2: environ 10.000 hommes II [emploi adverbial]: occisis ad hominum milibus quattuor, Caes. BG. 2, 32, 5: 4.000 hommes environ ayant été tués.* * *[ABCU]A - ad (arch. ar), prép. avec acc.: (Gaffiot P. 27-29 -- Lebaigue P. 20) [zapI]I [sens local] [zapA]A [idée générale de mouvement, de direction, au pr. et au fig.] [zapst]¶1 vers, à: legatos ad aliquem mittere: envoyer des ambassadeurs à qqn II avec les noms de lieu, ad exprime l'idée d'approche ou bien l'idée d'arrivée; l'idée d'entrée dans le lieu est exprimée par in: ad urbem proficisci, Caes. BC. 1, 32, 1: partir pour la ville [Rome] ; ad urbem venire, Cic. Verr. 2, 167: venir à la ville II avec les noms de villes et de petites îles, ad exprime la direction ou l'arrivée dans les environs: ad Genavam pervenit, Caes. BG. 1, 7, 1: il arriva près de Genève; ad Mutinam proficisci, Cic. Phil. 12, 8: partir pour Modène; dux classium fuit ad ilium, Cic. Div. 1, 87: il [Calchas] dirigea les flottes vers Ilion II [en lang. milit. vers, contre: ad hostes contendere, Caes. BG. 5, 9, 1: marcher contre les ennemis; ad castra pergere, Caes. BG. 3, 18, 8: se porter contre le camp II ad vim atque arma confugere, Cic. Verr. 1, 78: chercher un refuge dans (recourir à) la force et les armes; ad insolitum genus dicendi labi, Cic. Sest. 119: se laisser glisser vers un genre de discours insolite ; [avec ellipse du v.] nunc ad ea quae scripsisti, Cic. Att. 3, 8, 2: venons-en maintenant à ce que tu m'as écrit. [zapst]¶2 [idée d'attacher, lier]: ad terram naves deligare, Caes. BG. 4, 29, 2: attacher des vaisseaux au rivage II [idée d'ajouter, annexer]: complecti vis amplissimos vires ad tuum scelus, Cic. Pis. 75: tu veux envelopper dans ton crime les hommes les plus considérables; ad cetera volnera, Cic. Vat. 20: outre les autres blessures, cf. Clu. 30 ; Liv. 7, 16, 2; ad naves viginti quinque, Liv. 23, 38, 7: en plus des 25 navires, cf. 24, 45, 3 ; 25, 3, 7, etc ; ad haec, en outre: Varr. R. 3, 5, 11; Liv. 6, 20, 7, etc ; ou ad hoc, Sall. C. 14, 3 17, 4, etc ; ad id, Liv. 3,62, 1, etc. [zapst]¶3 [idée de diriger, incliner]: ad centuriones ora convertunt, Caes. G. 6, 39, 2: ils tournent leurs visages vers les centurions; omnium mentibus ad pugnam intentis, Caes. G. 3, 26, 2: l'attention de tous étant portée sur le combat; ad aegrotandum proclivitas, Cic. Tusc. 4, 28: tendance (disposition) à la maladie; paulatim angustiore ad infimum fastigio, Caes. BG. 7,73, 5: la pente allant en se resserrant peu à peu vers le bas [en entonnoir] II ad omne periculum opponitur (consulatus), Cic. Mur. 87: (le consulat) s'expose à tous les dangers; ergo haec ad populum, Cic. Att. 6, 8, 4, donc voilà pour le peuple. II [idée de protection, de defense contre]: ad meos impetus opponitur... Cic. Verr. 5, 2: à mes assauts on oppose. [zapst]¶4 [idée d'adresser par écrit, par la parole, etc.]: ad aliquem omnia in dies singulos persequi, Cic. Att. 15, 26, 1: envoyer à qqn une relation quotidienne de tous les événements; sibi a Lentulo ad Catilinam datas esse (litteras), Cic. Cat. 3, 12: que Lentulus lui avait remis une lettre à l'adresse de Catilina; epistula C. Verris ad Neronem, Cic. Verr. 1, 83: lettre de C. Verrès à Néron II [verbe non exprimé]: tu modo quam saepissime ad me aliquid, Cic. Att. 4, 6, 4: pourvu que tu m'envoies le plus souvent possible quelques lignes; velim scribas ad me primum placeatne tibi aliquid ad illum, Cic. Att. 13, 16, 2: je voudrais que tu m'écrives d'abord, si tu es d'avis que je lui dédie qq ouvrage. [zapst]¶5 [indication de distance, de limite] à, jusqu'à: ex eo oppido pons ad Helvetios pertinet, Caes. BG. 1, 6, 3: de cette ville un pont s'étend jusque chez les Helvètes; usque ad ultimas terras, Cic. Verr. 4, 64: jusqu'aux confins de la terre II [au fig.] ad vivum, Cic. Lael. 18: jusqu'au vif; ad plenum, Virg. G. 2, 244: jusqu'au plein; pecunia ad sanum modum habendi parata, Sen. Ben. 1, 11, 5: l'argent acquis jusqu'à un raisonnable degré de possession; non ad perfectum nec ad plenum, Sen. Ep. 71, 18: non pas jusqu'à la perfection ni à la plénitude; si ea mercatus esses ad eam summam quam volueram, Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 1: si tu avais fait l'achat en te limitant à la somme que je voulais II ad numerum obsides mittere, Caes. BG. 5, 20, 4: envoyer des otages jusqu'au nombre fixé; in eorum locum et ad eorum numerum, Cic. Verr. 5, 73: à leur place et en pareil nombre; equitatus omnis, ad numerum quattuor milium, Caes. BG. 1, 15, 1: toute la cavalerie, à l'effectif de 4.000 hommes; ad certum pondus examinare, Caes. BG. 5, 12, 4: peser jusqu'à un poids déterminé; Tossas ad eandem magnitudinem perficere, Caes. BC. 1, 42, 1: creuser des fossés à la même profondeur II ad verbum unum contracta brevitas, Cic. de Or. 3, 157: brièveté ramassée en un mot unique; numerum ad trecentorum summam explevit, Liv. 2, 1, 10: il compléta le nombre jusqu'à un total de 300 II usque ad novem, Cic. Ac. 2, 94: jusqu'à neuf; omnes ad unum, Cic. Lael. 86: tous jusqu'au dernier, tous sans exception; omnibus navibus ad unam incolumibus, Caes. BC. 3, 6, 3: tous les navires sans exception étant indemnes. [zapA]B [sans idée de mouvement] [zapst]¶1 près de, chez: fuit ad me sane diu, Cic. Att. 10, 4, 8: il resta chez moi très longtemps; in servitute ad suum patrem manere, Plaut. Cap 49: rester comme esclave chez son propre père, cf. Ter. Haut. 979 ; Varr. R. 1, 17, 3; Cato. Agr. 7, 2; Liv. 24, 48, 9; Sen. Ep. 108, 4 II ad recuperatores dicere, Cic. Verr. 3, 68: parler devant les récupérateurs; ad judicem Cic. Br. 289: devant le juge; ad populum agere, Cic. Phil. 12, 17: plaider devant le peuple II ad exercitum manere, Caes. BG. 5, 53: rester à l'armée, cf. 7, 5, 3; ad Caesarem primum pilum ducere, Caes. BG. 6, 38, 1: être centurion primipile dans l'armée de César II ad pedes: près des pieds, aux pieds: Cic. Div. 1, 46 ; Sen. Ben. 3, 27, 1, etc. II ad omnes nationes sanctum nomen, Caes. BG. 3, 9, 3: titre sacré auprès de toutes les nations, cf. BG. 4, 16,7 ; 7, 5, 3 ; 21, 60, 4, etc. [zapst]¶2 [proximité d'un lieu] près de: ad urbem esse, Cic. Verr. 2, 21: être près de la ville [Rome]; ad oppidum constitit, Caes. BC. 1, 16, 4: il s'arrêta près de la ville; pons qui erat ad Genavam, Caes. BG. 1, 7, 2: le pont qui était près de Genève. II [en parl. de batailles]: proelium ad Nolam, Cic. Br. 12: bataille de Nola; ad Tenedum, Cic. Mur. 33: de Ténédos; ad Magetobrigam, Caes. BG. 1, 31, 12: à Magetobriga; ad Cannas, Liv. 23, 11, 7, etc. II à, dans [emploi rare]: ad villam ali, Cic. Amer. 44: se nourrir dans la maison de campagne; quae ad aedem Felicitatis sunt, Cic. Verr. 4, 4: [statues] qui sont dans le temple du Bonheur [ABCR]II [avec ellipse de aedem]: ad Castoris, Cic. Quinct. 17: près du temple de Castor; senatus ad Apollinis fuit, Cic. Q. 2, 3, 3: le sénat tint séance au temple d'Apollon. II du côté de, vers: pugnatur acriter ad novissimum agmen, Caes. BC. 1, 80, 5: le combat est acharné du côté de l'arrière-garde, cf. BC. 1, 63, 3 ; 2, 42, 5; castris ad eam partem oppidi positis? Caes. BG. 7, 17, 1: le camp ayant été établi de ce côté de la ville; equestribus proeliis ad aquam factis, Caes. BG. 5, 50, 1: des engagements de cavalerie ayant eu lieu près du ruisseau; ad laevam, ad dextram, Cic. Tim. 48: vers la gauche, vers la droite (à g., à dr.); ad pulvinaria, Cic. Cat. 3, 23: [près des coussins] à tous les temples; ad solarium, Cic. Quinct. 59: aux alentours du cadran solaire; ad speculum barbam vellere, Sen. Nat. 1, 17, 2: s'épiler devant un miroir; ad ignem coquere, Cato. Agr. 81: cuire au feu, sur le feu. [zapst]¶3 [adaptation accompagnement]: cantare ad chordarum sonum, Nep. Epam. 2, 1: chanter aux sons d'un instrument à cordes; ad tibicinem, Cic. Agr. 2, 93; Tusc. 1, 3, etc.: avec accompagnement du joueur de flûte II ad lucernam, Sen. Ir. 3, 18, 4: à la lueur d'une lampe, cf. Cic. Q. 3, 7, 2; ad faces, Sen. Brev. 20, 5: à la lueur des torches; ad lunam, Virg, En. 4, 513: à la lumière de la lune; ad clepsydram, Cic. de Or. 3, 138: sous le contrôle de la clepsydre [avec un temps mesuré]. [zapst]¶4 [adhérence]: ad radices linguae haerens, Cic. Nat. 2, 135: fixé à la base de la langue; ad saxa inhaerens, Cic. Nat. 2, 100: attaché aux rochers. [zapst]¶5 [participation à], [au lieu de scribendo adesse, Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 5, etc.] ad scribendum esse: être à (participer à) la rédaction d'un sénatus-consulte: Cic. Att. 1, 19, 9 ; Fam. 12, 29, 2. [zapI]II [sens temporel]: [zapst]¶1 jusqu'à: ad summam senectutem, Cic. Br. 179: jusqu'à la plus grande vieillesse; usque ad hanc diem, Cic. Verr. 4, 130; ad hanc diem, Cic. Cat. 3, 17: jusqu'aujourd'hui; ad hoc tempus, Cic. Verr. 3, 216: jusqu'au moment présent; ad multam noctem, Caes. BG. 1, 26, 3: jusqu'à un moment avancé de la nuit; ad nostram memoriam, Nep. Them.10, 3: jusqu'à notre époque; ad reditum nostrum, Cic. Att. 8, 2, 3: jusqu'à notre retour; veteres illi usque ad Socratem, Cic. de Or. 3, 72: ces anciens jusqu'à Socrate. [zapst]¶2 [approximation] vers: ad vesperam, Catul. 2, 6: sur le soir; ad lucem, Cic. Div. 1, 99: vers le point du jour; ad extremam orationem, Caes. BG. 7, 53, 1: sur la fin du discours; ad exitum defensionis tuae, Cic. Verr. 5, 32: (sur) à la fin de ta défense; ad adventum imperatorum, Nep. Att. 10, 2: à l'arrivée des triumvirs, cf. Cic. Att. 2, 17,3; 13, 15, 2. [zapst]¶3 [précision] à: ad diem, Caes. BG. 2, 5, 1: au jour fixé, cf. 7, 77, 10 ; Cic. Off. 3, 45; ad idus, Caes. BG. 1, 7, 6: aux ides; ad tempus: à temps, au moment opportun Cic. Verr. 1, 141; Caes. BG. 4, 23, 5 [mais Fin. 5, 1 et Att. 16, 2, 2, au moment fixé] ; ad extremum, Cic. Or. 174 ; de Or. 1, 142: enfin. [zapst]¶4 [durée limitée, sens voisin de jusqu'à] pour: brevis est et ad tempus, Cic. Off. 1, 27: [passion qui] est courte et pour un temps; bestiae ex se natos amant ad quoddam tempus, Cic. Lael. 27: les bêtes aiment leur progéniture pour un temps limité; ad tempus lectus, Liv. 28, 24, 5: élu provisoirement, cf. 21, 25, 14. [zapst]¶5 [avenir] dans: ad annum, Cic. Att 5, 2, 1, [il sera tribun de la plèbe] dans un an, l'année prochaine, cf. de Or. 3, 92; ad decem milia annorum, Cic. Tusc. 1, 90: dans 10.000 ans. [zapI]III [rapports variés]: [zapst]¶1 pour, en vue de [avec les verbes qui signifient exhorter à, pousser à, préparer à, disposer pour; se servir pour; travailler à; envoyer pour, etc. ; avec les adjectifs et, d'une manière générale, les expressions qui marquent le but ; très souvent ad est suivi du gérondif ou de l'adj. verbal]: ad celeritatem onerandi paulo facit humiliores (naves), Caes. BG. 5, 1, 2: en vue de la promptitude du chargement, il fait faire les vaisseaux un peu plus bas; ad omnes casus, Caes. BG. 4, 31, 2, etc.: (en vue de) pour toutes les éventualités; naves factae ad quamvis vim perferendam, Caes. BG. 3, 13, 3: navires faits pour supporter n'importe quelle violence; tu omnia ad pacem; ego omnia ad libertatem, Cic. ad Br. 2, 7, 1: [ellipse du verbe] toi, c'était tout pour la paix; moi, tout pour la liberté; non ad eam rem, sed ut... Cic. Tusc. 49: ce n'est pas dans cette intention, c'est pour que... ; ad hoc, ut + subj. Liv. 28, 39, 7; 45, 39, 8: en vue de, pour que. [zapst]¶2 [marquant le résultat, l'aboutissement]: ex agresti vita exculti ad humanitatem, Cic. Lep. 2, 36: façonnés et amenés d'une vie sauvage à la civilisation; efferavit ea caedes Thebanos ad execrabile odium Romanorum, Liv. 33, 29, 1: ce meurtre déchaîna les Thébains et leur inspira une haine implacable contre les Romains; mutatis repente ad misericordiam animis, Liv. 24, 26, 14: la fureur populaire s'étant changée soudain en compassion II ad necem, Cic. Tusc. 2, 34: [frapper] jusqu'à ce que mort s'ensuive; ad insaniam aliquid concupiscere, Cic. Verr. 2, 87: désirer qqch jusqu'à être fou; nihil intolerabile ad demittendum animum, nimis laetabile ad ecferendum, Cic. Tusc. 4, 37: rien qui soit intolérable, au point d'abattre l'âme, qui cause trop de joie, au point de la transporter. [zapst]¶3 relativement à: genus praedandi ad magnitudinem quaestus immensum, Cic. Verr. 5, 22: genre de pillage sans limite quant à la grandeur des profits; ad cetera egregius, Liv. 37, 7, 15: remarquable sous tous les autres rapports II quid id ad rem? Cic. Quinct. 79: quel rapport cela a-t-il avec l'affaire? quid ad praetorem? Cic. Verr. 1, 116: en quoi cela intéresse-t-il le préteur? quid egerit, nihil ad causam, Cic. Sest. 71: ce qu'il a accompli? cela ne regarde pas le procès; ad ea quae scribis... Cic. Att. 11, 21, 1: quant à ce que tu écris... [zapst]¶4 suivant, conformément à, d'après: ad meam rationem usumque non aestimo, Cic. Verr. 4, 13: à consulter mes principes et mon usage personnel, je ne formule pas d'évaluation; versare suam naturam ad tempus, Cic. Cael. 13: modifier son caractère suivant les circonstances; hanc ad legem, Cic. de Or. 3, 190: d'après ces principes; ad naturam, Cic. Fin. 1, 30: conformément à la nature; ad nutum alicujus, Cic. Verr. pr. 13: selon la volonté de qqn; ad perpendiculum, Cic. Verr. 1, 133: suivant la perpendiculaire; ad istorum normam sapiens, Cic. Lael. 18: sage suivant leur (équerre) règle. [zapst]¶5 en comparaison de: terram ad universi caeli complexum quasi puncti instar obtinere, Cic. Tusc. 1, 40: que la terre occupe pour ainsi dire l'équivalent d'un point en comparaison de l'étendue qu'embrasse le ciel; sed nihil ad Persium, Cic. de Or. 2, 25, mais ce n'est rien au prix de Persius, cf. Leg. 1, 6. [zapst]¶6 comme suite à, par suite de: ad clamorem convenerunt, Caes. BG. 4, 37, 2: aux cris poussés, ils se rassemblèrent; ad infirmitatem laterum contentionem omnem remiserat, Cic. Br. 202: en raison de la faiblesse de ses poumons, il avait renoncé à tout effort violent; ad quorum stridorem odoremque et aspectum territi equi, Liv. 30, 18, 7: au bruit, à l'odeur et à l'aspect de ces animaux, les chevaux effrayés; obstupuerant ad magnitudinem pristinae ejus fortunae, Liv. 39, 50, 2: ils restaient béants devant la grandeur de son ancienne fortune; ad quorum discessum respiravit Mago, Liv. 28, 30, 2: à leur départ Magon respira II ad auditas voces, Ov. M. 5, 509: entendant ces paroles; ad haec visa auditaque, Liv. 2, 23, 7: à cette vue, à ces paroles; ad crescentem tumultum, Liv. 2, 45, 12: devant le tumulte croissant. [zapst]¶7 [direction vers, réponse à]: cum ad singula acclamaretur, Liv. 34, 37, 3: comme à chaque point énoncé des cris de protestation s'élevaient, cf. 24, 14, 9; est ridiculum ad ea quae habemus nihil dicere, Cic. Arch. 8: c'est une plaisanterie que de ne rien répliquer à des faits dont nous avons la constatation; ad tuam epistolam redditae sunt meae litterae, Cic. Att. 9, 9, 3: en réponse à ta missive on t'a remis ma lettre II [sans verbe]: longum est ad omnia, Cic. Nat. 1, 19: il serait trop long de faire réponse à tout; ad ista alias, Cic. Nat. 2, 1: à une autre fois la réponse à cela; haec fere ad litteras, Cic. Fam. 12, 30, 7: voilà d'une manière générale ma réponse à la lettre; nisi quid ad haec forte vultis, Cic. Lael. 32: à moins que vous ne vouliez par hasard faire qq objection. [zapst]¶8 [idée d'approcher, d'appliquer contre], [d'où sens instrumental]: cornu ad saxa limato, Plin. 8, 71: la corne étant limée aux rochers; ad cribrum, Plin. 16, 54; ad circinum, Vitr. 10, 4, 1; ad tornum, Lucr. 4, 361; ad cotem, Plin. 24, 89, au crible, au compas, au tour, à la pierre à aiguiser [comp. au figuré ad normam]; mucronem ad linguam probare, Petr. 70: éprouver une pointe à la langue II ad digiti sonum vocare aliquem, Tibul. 1, 2, 32: appeler qqn au bruit des doigts ; [enfin, dans la 1. vulg.]: ad pectinem capillum flectere, Spart. Hadr. 2, 6, 1: arranger au peigne sa chevelure; ad fundas lapides jacere, Veg. Mil. 2,15: jeter des pierres à la fronde; ad spongiam... detergere, Veg. Mut. 3, 4, 2: essuyer à l'éponge. [zapst]¶9 [approximation] vers, environ [devant un nom de nombre]: ad hominum milia decem, Caes. BG. 1, 4, 2: environ 10.000 hommes II [emploi adverbial]: occisis ad hominum milibus quattuor, Caes. BG. 2, 32, 5: 4.000 hommes environ ayant été tués.* * *Ad Messanam venit. Cic. Au pres de la ville de Messine.\Ad vrbem esse dicebantur olim, qui triumphum sibi decerni vellent, vrbem non ingredientes, ne id ius amitterent. Cic. Attendre au pres de la ville, Loger aux faulxbourgs.\Ad vrbem esse, pro In vrbe. Cic. En la ville.\Habes hortos ad Tyberim. Liu. Sur, ou Aupres du Tybre.\Ad te ibam. Terent. J'alloye à toy.\Ad me respice. Terent. Vers moy, A moy.\Ad domum profecti. Cic. Jusques à la maison.\Ad portam expectare. Cic. pro, In porta. A la porte.\Ad me bene mane Dionysius fuit. Cic. Avec moy, ou Devers moy.\Ad inferos poenas paricidii luent. Cic. és enfers.\Ad iudicem dicere. Cic. Parler devant le juge.\Famus ad me. Terent. Chez moy, En ma maison, En mon logis.\Ad me domum. Plaut. Chez moy en ma maison.\Ad quae tempora te expectem, facias me certiorem velim. Cic. Environ quel temps.\Ad quod tempus quaeque res facillime crescat. Varro. En quelle saison, Vers, ou Environ quel temps.\Nihil ad nostram hanc. Terent. Ce n'est rien au pris, ou En comparaison de la nostre.\Classemve ad Pergama misi. Virg. Contre, A l'encontre.\Ad, pro intra. Vt tibi Caesar faciendum est ad annum. Ci. Comme il fauldra que tu faces d'ici à un an, ou entre cy et un an.\Ad decem annos. Cic. D'icy à dix ans.\Ad nullas preces. Propert. Par, ou Pour prieres qu'on face.\Ad desyderium relictarum. Liuius. De desir, ou De regret de celles qui estoyent demourees derriere.\Ad statuam pecuniam contulerunt. Cic. Pour faire une statue.\Ad vsum hominum omnia creantur. Cic. Pour l'usage des hommes.\Ad memoriam aliquid notare. Cic. Pour en avoir memoire, Pour memoire.\Ad iudicem fidem infirmabit. Cic. Devant le juge.\Ad pedes stare passus. Sueton. Devant ses pieds, à ses pieds.\Ad haec mala hoc mihi accedit etiam. Ter. Oultre ces ennuyz.\Ad arbitrium libidinosae mulieris. Cic. Au plaisir, ou Selon.\Ad arbitrium suum scribere. Cic. Comme bon luy semble, A son plaisir.\Ad hoc exemplum est. Plaut. Il est semblable à cestuy.\Ad hunc modum. Plaut. En ceste maniere.\Ad istam faciem virum quaero. Plaut. Semblable à cestuy.\Ad morem actionum aliquid persequi. Quint. A la maniere.\Ad perpendiculum colunnas exigere. Cic. Au plomb, ou Au niveau.\Ad portionem virium. Plin. Selon la force.\Ad meum sensum. Cic. A ma fantasie ou advis, Selon, ou Ainsi qu'il me semble.\Ad praescriptum omnia gerere. Caesar. Selon l'ordonnance d'autruy.\Ad naturam viuere. Senec. Selon nature.\Ad similitudinem gymnasiorum exornent mihi in palaestra locum. Cic. Ainsi comme on fait, etc. En la facon.\Ad rationem loci et temporis. Plin. iunior. Selon le lieu, et le temps.\Si ii ad numerum non essent. Caelius Ciceroni. Si le nombre n'estoit entier, S'ils n'estoyent autant qu'ils debvoyent estre.\Ad ornatum, ad speciem magnifico ornatu. Cic. Quant à la beaulté, monstre, ou apparence.\Ad tria millia. Plaut. Environ trois milles.\Tendens ad sydera palmas. Virg. Vers, ou Droict au ciel.\Animaduertit fugam ad se versum fieri. Sallust. Vers luy.\Ad horam nonam in anchoris expectauit. Caesar. Jusques à neuf heures.\Ad hanc diem. Cic. Jusques à ce jour, Jusques à present.\Ad lucem dormire. Cic. Jusques au jour.\Ad multum diei. Liuius. Jusques à ce qu'il fut grand jour, ou Une grande partie du jour.\Ad vesperum. Cic. Jusques à vespre, ou Au soir.\Ad solis occasum. Plaut. Jusques au soleil couchant.\Ad meum reditum. Cic. Jusques à mon retour.\Ad centena numero. Plin. Jusques au nombre de cent.\Ad cinerem ambusti. Plin. Rostis ou bruslez tant qu'ils soyent reduicts en cendre.\Ad albicandam cutem. Plin. Pour blanchir.\Ad omnia inutilis. Plin. A toutes choses.\Ad festos dies eo vti solebat. Cic. Pour les festes, és jours de feste.\Ad morsus bestiarum. Cic. Contre les morsures des bestes, ou Pour, etc.\Satis ad obiurgandum causae. Terent. Pour tanser et reprendre.\Ad viuendum firmus. Plin. Pour vivre et durer long temps.\Ad agnatos et gentiles deducendus. Varro. Il est fol et hors du sens, Il est insensé.\Ad aliquem conuenire, pro In aliquem competere. Ci. In quem tu, nullam contumeliam iacere potueris, quae non ad maximam partem ciuium conueniret. Qui ne conveint à la pluspart, etc. Qui ne peust estre dicte de, etc.\Ad praecipuam altitudinem exeunt vites Cypriae. Plin. Croissent fort haultes.\Ad aspectum praeclarus. Ci. Fort beau à veoir, à regarder, à l'oeil.\Ad assem impendium reddere. Pli. Rendre la despense et les frais jusques à la derniere maille, Payer ou rendre tout.\Ad bonitatem proficere. Plin. Devenir meilleur.\Ad cibos auiditas. Plin. Appetit de manger.\Ad cibum purus. Plin. Pour manger.\Ad currum leones jungere vel equos. Plin. Accoupler, Atteler.\Ad cyathos stare. Suet. Estre eschanson, ou boutilier, ou sommelier\Ad dextra, Ad laeua. Plin. A dextre, A senestre.\Ad dextram manum. A main dextre.\Ad dexteram. Sub. manum. Terent. A dextre.\Ad sinistram. Terent. A senestre.\Ad laeuam. Plaut. A gauche.\Ad laeuam manum. Plaut. A la main gauche.\Est ad hanc manum sacellum. Terent. A ceste main, De ce costé.\Ad diem decedam. Cic. Au jour dict.\Ad diem dare. Cic. Au terme dict.\Ad digitos venire. Plin. Estre compté et calculé.\Ad extremum, Ad postremum, Ad vltimum, Aduerbia sunt modo ordinis, pro Denique vel postremo: modo temporis, pro Tandem. Cic. Finalement, En fin, A la parfin.\Ad extremum et Ad vltimum. Cic. Liu. Jusques au bout.\Hastili oblongo et tereti, praeterquam ad extremum. Liu. Sinon, ou fors que au bout.\Ad fidem affirmare. Li. Asseurer pour vray, Affermer pour verite.\Ad gratiam esse dicitur res aliqua. Liu. In Quintio noua et recentia omnia ad gratiam erant. Le rendoyent plus aggreable.\Adhoc et Adhaec, nonnulli dicunt esse ordinis aduerbia, alii pro coniunctionibus accipiunt: et ab aliis coniunctim, ab aliis separatim scribuntur. Sic autem dicuntur quasi praeter hoc, praeter haec. Sallu. Plinius iunior. Liu. D'avantage, Oultre ce, Avec ce.\Ad teli iactum peruenire. Q. Curt. A un ject de dard pres.\Ad id, pro Ad illud tempus. Li. Jusques là, Jusques à ceste heure là.\Ad infinitum. Plin. Infiniement.\Ad irritum cadit spes. Liu. Quand on est frustré de son esperance.\Arripi coniuges ad libita Caesarum. Tacitus. Pour les plaisirs et paillardises des Cesars.\Ad limina custos. Virgil. Portier, Huissier.\Ad liquidum explorata veritas. Liu. Au cler, Au vray, Clerement.\Locum ad literam subieci. Quintil. En forme, mot à mot, comme il estoit par escript.\Ad manum esse. Liu. Prest et à main.\Quod cuique ad manum venisset. Liu. Tout ce qui leur venoit à main, Tout ce qui s'offroit et presentoit, ce qu'ils rencontroyent ou trouvoyent.\Ad manus venire. Cic. Jusques à se batre, et s'entr'empoigner.\Ad manum intueri. Plin. De pres, le tenant en la main.\Ad manum seruus. Cic. Escrivain, Clerc à escrire, Secretaire.\Ad matrem pendent pyra. Plin. A l'arbre.\Ad nasum celeriter venire. Plin. Monter tost au nez, Quand quelque chose est de grand odeur.\Ad omnia alia. Terent. A toutes autres choses.\Ad pedes desilire. Caes. Descendre à pied, Se mettre à pied, Mettre pied à terre.\Ad pedes, idem quod A pedibus, siue Seruus a pedibus. Martial. Laquay.\Ad pilum vlcera reducere. Plin. Faire venir le poil.\Ad plenum nouit causam. Asconius. Parfaictement, Entierement.\Ad planum reducere cicatrices. Plin. Remplir et unir les cicatrices tellement qu'il n'y paroisse point.\Ad polituram sarcire. Plin. Poliement et proprement.\Ad portionem. Plin. A, ou Pour, ou Selon la proportion, A l'equipollent, Au fur.\Ad praesens. Plin. Pour l'heure, Pour le present.\Ad praesens, pro Tum, de praeterito. Tacit. Pour lors, Pour ceste heure là.\Ad quid? Cic. Pourquoy? A quelle fin?\Ad remum dare aliquem. Tranq. Envoyer aux galeres, Faire tirer à l'aviron.\Ad Seras aliquid petere. Plin. Aller ou envoyer querir quelque chose au pais des, etc. Faire venir du pais, etc.\Ad summam, et in summa. Cic. Somme toute, A brief parler, Pour abbreger, Pour le faire court.\Ad summum, Aduerbium qualitatis. Cic. Bis terue ad summum. Pour le plus tost, Tout au plus.\Cras, ad summum perendie. Cic. Au plus tard, Pour le plus tard.\Ad tempus consilium capiam. Plancus Ciceroni. Je prendray advis, ou m'adviseray selon le temps.\Ad tempus aderis. Cic. Tu viendras tout à temps.\Inuitamentum ad tempus. Cic. Pour un certain temps.\Ad quoddam tempus. Cic. Pour quelque temps.\Ad terram dare. Tranq. Jecter par terre.\Ad tertiam decoquere, et similes locutiones. Plin. Cuire tant, ou Jusques à ce qu'il ne demeure que la tierce partie.\Ad verbum. Cic. De mot à mot.\Ad vetustatem fidelis materies. Plin. Bois de longue duree.\Ad vinum disertus. Cic. Aupres du vin, Quand il a bien beu.\Ad vinum transire. Plin. Conualescentibus ad vinum transeuntibus. Qui commencent à boire du vin.\Ad viuum resecare. Columel. Couper jusques au vif, jusques à la chair vive.\Ad vltimum, pro Ad finem vsque. Liu. Jusques à la fin, Jusques au bout. \ Ad vltimum. Curtius. Finalement.\Ad vnguem, Id est, exquisita diligentia, atque exactissima cura. Colu. Parfaictement, avec grande diligence, fort bien, quand il n'y a que redire.\Homo factus ad vnguem. Horat. Homme parfaict, Accompli.\Castigare ad vnguem: Horat. Parfaictement bien.\Ad vnum. Cicero, Omnes ad vnum idem sentiunt. Sans en excepter un, Touts generalement, Jusques à un.\Ad votum. Quintil. A souhait, A mon gré, A mon plaisir, Selon mon desir.\Ad sonum mergere se solent. Pli. Quand ils oyent le bruit.\Ad strepitum citharae. Horat. Au son de la harpe.\Ad tua verba reuixi. Ouid. Quand je t'ay ouy parler.\Ad tibicinem immolare. Cic. Avoir un menestrier jouant de la fleute tandis qu'on sacrifie.\Ad eum nuntium. Liu. Ces nouvelles ouyes. -
8 ad
1. ad = at, w.s.————————2. ad (altlat. ar, w.s., urspr. wohl at [vgl. at -avus ], gotisch at), Praep. m. Acc., bezeichnet zunächst die im Werden begriffene Annäherung, d.h. Richtung in der Bewegung u. Ausdehnung zu oder nach einem Ziele, dann aber auch die vollendete Annäherung, d.h. Richtung in der Ruhe = Nähe bei einem Punkte, deutsch zu, nach, an (Ggstz. in m. Akk.; vgl. Sen. ep. 73, 16: deus ad homines venit: immo, quod est propius, in homines), I) im Raume: A) eig.: 1) zur Bezeichnung der Richtung in der Bewegung und Ausdehnung: a) in der Bewegung, zu, nach, an, nach od. an... hin, nach od. auf... zu, auf... los, accedere ad aedes has, Plaut., ad flammam, Ter., ad Aquinum, Cic.: proficisci ad eum fundum, ad Capuam, Cic.: proficisci ad Syphacem, auf den S. losmarschieren, Liv.: venire ad Cn. Pompei castra, Cic.: venire ad alqm, zu jmd., Cic., auf jmd. los, Caes.: concurrere ad curiam, Cic.: reverti ad alqm, Caes.: transcurrere ad forum, Ter. – ire visere ad alqm, zu jmd., Ter.: ire ad hostem, auf den F. los, Liv. – spectare, despicere ad alqm, Plaut.: u. spectare ad orientem solem, liegen nach usw. (v. Örtl.), Caes.: u. ebenso vergere ad septentriones, Caes., ad Atticam, Plin. – ducere cohortem ad eam partem munitionis, quae etc., Caes.: ducere legiones ad hostem, auf den F. los, gegen den F., Liv. – mittere legatos ad alqm, Caes.: mittere librum————ad alqm, an jmd. schicken, ihm widmen, Cic.: dah. ellipt. libri ad Rhodios (sc. missi), an die Rh., Nep., und auf Büchertiteln, M. Tulli Ciceronis ad M. Brutum orator u. dgl. – tendere manus ad caelum, Caes.: convertere simulacrum Iovis ad orientem, Cic.: vertier (verti) ad lapidem, Lucr. – beim Genet. v. Götternamen mit Auslassung von aedem, zB. ad Dianae (sc. aedem) venire, Ter. – in der Umgangsspr., bei Pers., bes. beim pron. pers., zur Bezeichnung der Wohnung, ad me, ad te, ad se, ad vos, zu mir usw. = in mein Haus (chez moi), Komik., Cic. u.a. – b) in der Ausdehnung, bis zu, bis nach, bis an, bis auf, ab angulo castrorum ad flumen, Caes. – a Salonis ad Oricum, Caes. – m. usque, dona usque ad Numantiam misit ex Asia, Cic.: ab imis unguibus usque ad verticem summum, Cic.2) zur Bezeichnung der Annäherung, Richtung in der Ruhe = a) bei, an, vor, sedere ad latus eius, Cic.: iacēre ad pedes alcis, Cic.: u. iacēre od. esse ad meridiem, gegen M. (v. Örtl.), Varr. LL. u. Liv.: habere hortos ad Tiberim, Cic.: villa, quae est ad Baulos, Cic.: u. istos libros legit ad Misenum, bei M. = auf dem Landgute bei M., Cic.: pugna ad Trebiam, Liv.: ad Nolam proelium, Cic.: victoria ad Cannas, Liv. – adesse ad portam, Cic.: esse ad dextram, Cic., ad laevam, Plaut.: esse ad manum (s. manus), Cic.: manere ad regem, Liv., ad exercitum, Caes.: segnius bellum————ad hostes apparatur, Liv.: tantum esse nomen eius exercitus etiam ad ultimas Germanorum nationes, Caes.: ut esset ad posteros miraculi eius monumentum, Liv.: iactantia gloriaque ad posteros, Tac. – bes., esse ad urbem, v. röm. Magistratspers., die mit Gefolge u. Militärbefehl reisen u. an einem Orte ihr Standquartier aufschlagen, Cic.: u. esse od. remanere ad urbem, esse ad portas, v. Feldherrn, der mit dem Oberbefehle vor Rom weilt, aber als solcher in die Stadt zu kommen nicht berechtigt ist, Cic. – esse ad alqm, bei jmd. (im Hause als Besuchender) sein, Cic.: ebenso cenare ad alqm, Gell. – u. oft ad alqm = bei, vor jmd., zur Bezeichnung der Pers., unter deren Leitung, Teilnahme usw. etwas vorgeht (s. Brix Plaut. capt. prol. 49), excusationem quaerere ad Brutum, Cic.: ad iudicem agere, Cic.: ad tibicinem hostias immolare, unter Begleitung eines Flötenspielers, Cic. – ebenso ad alqd, bei, zu etw., zur Bezeichnung des Ggstnds., unter dessen Einflusse etwas vorgeht (s. Fritzsche zu Hor. sat. 2, 8, 32), ad vinum, beim W., ad lumina, beim L., Cic.: ad tibiam, zur Flöte, unter Flötenbegleitung, Cic.: ad lychnuchum ligneolum, Cic.: ad lunam, Verg. u. Hor.: ad lunae lumina, Ov. – b) an = auf, in (s. Brix Plaut. mil. 930. Halm Cic. Rosc. Am. 44), ad forum, Ter.: ad villam, Cic.: ad portum, Plaut.: ad aedem Felicitatis, Cic.: ad orientem, im O., Liv. epit.: ad omnia deorum templa,————Cic.: u. so ellipt., ad Castoris (sc. aedem), Cic. – u. zur Bezeichnung v. Örtl., ad capita bubula, zu den O., Suet.: ad gallinas, Plin.B) übtr.: 1) von der Richtung in der Bewegung, Ausdehnung: a) von der Richtung in der Bewegung: α) übh., nach den Verben, die ein Bewegen, Antreiben usw. zu etw. anzeigen, wie movere, commovere, mutare, ducere, inducere, impellere, hortari, adhortari, admonere, invitare u.a. (w.s.). – β) zur Angabe des Strebens und der Neigung, bei den Substst. cupiditas, aviditas, alacritas u.a. (w.s.). – bei den Adjj. avidus, propensus, intentus, acer u.a. (w.s.). – bei Verben, wie provincia summā contentione ad officia certans, Planc. bei Cic. – γ) zur Angabe der Bestimmung, des Endzwecks, der Absicht, zu, für, bei Substst. (bes. ad mit folg. Gerund. od. Gerundiv.), jedoch fast immer durch ein Verbum gestützt (s. Spengel Ter. Andr. 138), mentis ad omnia caecitas, Cic.: ad auxilium copia, Ter.: ad narrandum benignitas, Plaut.: adiutorem esse ad iniuriam, Cic.: ne irato facultas ad dicendum data esse videatur, Cic.: occasionem ad rem gerendam fore, Cic.: argumentum ad scribendum alci deest, Cic. – bei Adjj., wie natus, factus, doctus, aptus, idoneus, utilis u.a. (w.s.). – nach Verben, wie adiuvare, conferre, facere, conficere, esse (dienen), pertinere u.a. (w.s.). – ebenso nach den Verben deposcere, decernere, deligere u.a. (w.s.). –————oft ad id, dazu, deshalb, zu dem Zwecke, ad id fabrefacta navigia, Liv.: duae cohortes ad id ipsum (eigens dazu) instructae intus, Liv.: qui ad id missi erant, Liv. (vgl. Fabri zu Liv. 24, 48, 7 u. Hand Tursell. 1, 126). – u. quid ad rem? was macht das? Cic.: quid ad me? was geht mich das an? Cic. – dah. αα) bei Mitteln, bes. Heilmitteln, zu, für, gegen, quae sint animadversa a medicis... radicum genera ad morsus bestiarum, ad oculorum morbos etc., Cic.: remedium ad tertianam, Petr. – u. auch hier nach Verben, wie esse (sein = dienen), valere, posse, proficere u.a. (w.s.). – ββ) zur Angabe des Geschäfts, zu dem jmd. od. etw. bestimmt od. verwendet wird, zu, alere canes ad venandum, Jagdhunde, Ter.: servos ad remum dare, Liv.: argentum ad vescendum factum, silbernes Tafelgeschirr, Liv. – δ) zur Angabe der Beziehung einer Sache auf eine andere, αα) in bezug, in Hinsicht (im Hinblick) od. Rücksicht auf etw., hinsichtlich, in betreff einer Sache, gegen etw. (s. Schömann Cic. de nat. deor. 2, 155. Schneider Caes. b.G. 5, 1. § 2 u. 3. Fabri Liv. 21, 57, 6. Fritzsche Hor. sat. 2, 2, 108. Heräus Tac. hist. 2, 97, 7. Nägelsb. Stil. § 122, 2), bei Substst., maxima praemia vel ad gratiam vel ad opes vel ad dignitatem, Cic. – nomina ad aliquid (ὀνόματα πρός τι), relative, Quint. – bei Adjj. (s. Wagner Ter. heaut. 370. Meißner Cic. Tusc. 2, 15. Holstein Cic. de fin. 2, 63. Mül-————ler Liv. 1, 4, 8. Fabri Liv. 21, 25, 6. Benecke Iustin. 25, 4, 3), insignes ad laudem viri, Cic.: impiger ad labores belli, Cic.: tutus ad ictus, Liv.: modestus ad omnia alia, Ter.: vir ad cetera egregius, Liv.: ad verborum linguaeque certamina rudes, Liv. – bei Verben, non comparandus hic ad illum est, Ter. – elliptisch, non ad Q. Maximi sapientiam, neque ad illius superioris Africani in re gerunda celeritatem, Cic. – ββ) im Verhältnis zu, im Vergleich mit od. zu, gegen, entsprechend (s. Brix Plaut. trin. 873. Halm u. Richter Cic. Verr. 5, 25. Madvig Cic. de fin. 3, 52. Meißner Cic. Tusc. 1, 40. Benecke Cic. Cat. 1, 12. Müller Liv. 1, 8, 4. Fabri Liv. 22, 22, 15), terram ad universi caeli complexum quasi puncti instar obtinere, Cic.: scuta ad amplitudinem corporum parum lata, Liv.: quid ad primum consulatum secundus? Liv.: ellipt. (s. Sorof Cic. de or. 2, 25), at nihil ad nostram hanc, Ter.: quem cognovimus virum bonum et non illitteratum, sed nihil ad Persium, Cic. – u. bei Gegenüberstellung zweier Verhältnisse, quomodo od. sicut od. ut... sic od. ita ad, wie... so zu, quomodo est filius ad patrem, sic est filia ad matrem, Varr. LL. 10. § 41: est ad unum victoriatum denarius, sicut ad alterum victoriatum alter denarius, ibid.: ut unum ad duo, sic decem ad viginti, ibid. § 45: ut unum ad decem, ita decem ad centum, Quint. 5, 11, 34. – b) von der Ausdehnung und Steigerung, bis zu, bis auf, α) übh.:————pulli usque ad cinerem ambusti, Plin.: usque ad mortem multare alqm, Ter.: virgis ad necem caedi, Cic. – ad extremum, ad ultimum, »bis aufs äußerste, äußerst = im höchsten Grade«, homo non ad extremum perditus, Liv.: consilium non ad ultimum demens, Liv. – u. ad ultimum, »aufs äußerste = wenn es zum Äußersten kommt«, Curt. – ad summam, »aufs ganze = im ganzen, überhaupt«, Cic. u.a. – β) bei Maßbestimmungen: decoquere ad tertiam partem, Varr.: scrobem ad medium complere, Liv.: ad plenum, Hor. – γ) bei Zahl- u. Geldbestimmungen: αα) zur Angabe des Eintreffens auf eine gewisse Zahl usw., bis zu, bis auf, eadem ad decem homines servabitur portio, Curt.: ad assem perdere, Hor.: ad nummum convenit, Cic.: ad unum (unam) omnes, alle bis auf einen, d.i. bis auf den letzten, Cic.: u. so bl. ad unum, Cic.: ad impuberes, bis auf die Nichtmannbaren, mit Einschluß der N., Caes. – ββ) zur Angabe der Annäherung an eine bestimmte Zahl bis zu, an die, nahe an, nummum Philippeum ad tria milia, Plaut.: quasi talenta ad quindecim, Ter.: (fuimus) omnino ad ducentos, Cic.: cum annos ad L natus esset, Cic. – dah. auch adv. (s. Fabri zu Liv. 22, 41, 2), occisis ad hominum milibus quattuor, Caes.: ad mille ducenti eo proelio ceciderunt, Liv.2) vom Nebeneinanderstellen u. Nahekommen von Ggstndn.: a) zur Angabe der annähernden Ähnlich-————keit (s. Brix Plaut. trin. 873), nach, ut emerem ancillam ad istam faciem, Plaut.: et idem alterum (quaero) ad istanc capitis albitudinem, einen Graukopf etwa wie du, Plaut. – b) zur Angabe dessen, was zu od. bei etw. noch hinzutritt, zu, bei, neben, außer, ad cetera hanc quoque plagam infligere, Cic.: quod ad ius civile pontificium appetatis, Cic.: hoc unum ad pristinam fortunam defuit, Caes. – nisi quid vis od. vultis ad haec, Cic. – dah. ad hoc, ad haec, »zudem, überdies«, Sall. u. Liv.: ad id quod, »außerdem, daß«, usw., Liv.: ad omnia, ad cetera, Liv. (vgl. Hand Tursell. 1, 125). – c) zur Angabe der äußern Veranlassung, auf, bei, auf... hin, infolge, auf Veranlassung, aus, vor (s. Müller Liv. 1, 39, 2. Fabri Liv. 21, 41, 3), respondere, breviter disserere ad alqd, Cic.: ad famam belli novas legiones scribere, Liv.: ad ducis casum perculsa magis, quam irritata est multitudo, Liv. – oder zur Angabe des innern Beweggrundes, auf... hin, aus, vor (s. Müller Liv. 1, 7, 7. Weißenb. Liv. 42, 20, 1), quae (urbes) ad spem diuturnitatis conderentur, Cic.: seu ad metum virium seu ad spem veniae cum dedissent sese, Liv.: in suspensa civitate ad exspectationem novi belli, Liv. – d) zur Angabe der Richtschnur, nach der etw. geschieht, gemäß, nach (Ggstz. contra; s. Drak. Liv. 7, 2, 10. Schuch Apic. 5. § 186), ad perpendiculum, ad lineam, Cic.: ad istorum normam, Cic.: ad voluntatem loqui————omnia, Cic.: agere ad praescriptum, Caes.: ad edictum convenire, Liv.: ad manum cantare, ad hunc modum, auf diese W., Cic.: ad tempus, der Zeit gemäß, nach Umständen, Cic. (vgl. unten no. II, 1, b u. no. II, 1, a): ad verbum, wörtlich (zB. ediscere), Cic. (vgl. verbum no. I, b, γ): ad litteras, buchstäblich, Quint. 9, 1, 25.II) in der Zeit: 1) zur Angabe der Ausdehnung bis zu einem Zeitpunkt: a) mit Rücksicht auf die dazwischen verfließende Zeit, bis zu, bis an, bis auf, bis gegen, ab consulatu eius usque ad extremum tempus, Nep.: ab initio rerum Rom. usque ad P. Mucium pont. max., Cic.: ab hora octava ad vesperum, Cic.: ab condita urbe ad liberatam, Cic. – usque ad hanc aetatem, Cic.: ad summam senectutem, Cic.: ad vesperum, ad multam noctem, Cic.: ad id tempus, ad hoc tempus, bis jetzt, bisher, Caes. u.a.: so auch ad id locorum, Sall. u. Liv.: u. so bl. ad id, ad hoc, Liv. (s. Fabri Liv. 21, 52, 6): ad eum finem, dum etc., Cic.: quem ad finem? wie lange? Cic. – b) mit Rücksicht auf die Währung der Zeit, auf, für, ad exiguum tempus, Cic.: ad breve tempus, Plin.: ad paucos dies, Cic.: ad quoddam tempus, auf einige Zeit, Cic.: ad annos DC, Cic.: ad tempus, auf Zeit (nicht auf die Dauer), Cic.: ad praesens, Cic. 2) zur Angabe des Eintretens auf od. nach einem Zeitpunkt: a) zu, auf, an, nos hic te ad mensem Ianuarium exspectamus, Cic.: te————Laodiceae fore ad meum adventum, bei m.A., Cic.: ad aestatem, Liv.: ad lucem, zum Morgen, am Morgen, Cic.: ad meridiem, Plaut.: ad vesperum, Cic.: ad diem dictam, Cic.: ad diem, Cic.: ad (an) eum diem, Tac.: ad praedictum tempus, Liv.: ad tempus, zur gehörigen Zeit, Cic. – ad extremum, Cic. u. Liv., ad ultimum, Liv., ad postremum, Liv., zuletzt (s. Müller Liv. 1, 33, 5). – b) nach, über, binnen (s. Lachm. Lucr. 2, 44. p. 79), ad annum tribunum pl. fore, Cic.: utrum illuc nunc veniam, an ad annos decem, Cic.: ad punctum temporis, binnen od. in einem Augenblick, Cic.: ad Kalendas Graecas, s. Calendae. – ⇒ ad seinem Pronom. od. Subst. nachgesetzt, quem ad, Plaut. Bacch. 176: quam ad, Ter. Phorm. 524: quos ad, Cic. de nat. deor. 2, 10: ripam ad Araxis, Tac. ann. 12, 51. – od. zwischen Adjekt. u. Subst., augendam ad invidiam, Tac. ann. 12, 8.In der Zusammensetzung bezeichnet ad ebenfalls eine Annäherung, heran, herzu, herbei, dabei, zB. accedere, adstare (astare). – dah. auch ein Streben, eine Neigung, s. adamo, accredo u.a. – eine Vermehrung, hinzu, zB. adicere, assumere.⇒ Die Schreibung at (gegen Quint. 1, 7, 5. Prob. inst. (IV) 145, 8 sq. Caper (VII) 95, 14. Vel. Long. (VII) 69, 23. Scaur. de orth. (VII) 154, 15), zB. Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 1252; 2, 4514; 3, 536 u. 3.; in Handschriften, s. Ribbeck, Prolegg. Verg. p. 396. Wagner————Orthogr. Verg. p. 426. -
9 ad
ad, prep. with acc. (from the fourth century after Christ written also at; Etrusc. suf. -a; Osc. az; Umbr. and Old Lat. ar, as [p. 27] in Eug. Tab., in S. C. de Bacch., as arveho for adveho; arfuerunt, arfuisse, for adfuerunt, etc.; arbiter for adbiter; so, ar me advenias, Plant. Truc. 2, 2, 17; cf. Prisc. 559 P.; Vel. Long. 2232 P.; Fabretti, Glos. Ital. col. 5) [cf. Sanscr. adhi; Goth. and Eng. at; Celt. pref. ar, as armor, i.e. ad mare; Rom. a].I.As antith. to ab (as in to ex), in a progressive order of relation, ad denotes, first, the direction toward an object; then the reaching of or attaining to it; and finally, the being at or near it.A.In space.1.Direction toward, to, toward, and first,a.Horizontally:b.fugere ad puppim colles campique videntur,
the hills and fields appear to fly toward the ship, Lucr. 4, 390: meridie umbrae cadunt ad septentrionem, ortu vero ad occasum, to or toward the north and west, Plin. 2, 13, and so often of the geog. position of a place in reference to the points of compass, with the verbs jacere, vergere, spectare, etc.:Asia jacet ad meridiem et austrum, Europa ad septentriones et aquiionem,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 31 Mull.;and in Plin. very freq.: Creta ad austrum... ad septentrionem versa, 4, 20: ad Atticam vergente, 4, 21 al.—Also trop.: animus alius ad alia vitia propensior,
Cic. Tusc. 4, 37, 81.—In a direction upwards (esp. in the poets, very freq.): manusque sursum ad caelum sustulit, Naev. ap. Non. 116, 30 (B. Pun. p. 13, ed. Vahl.): manus ad caeli templa tendebam lacrimans, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 50 ed. Vahl.); cf.:c.duplices tendens ad sidera palmas,
Verg. A. 1, 93: molem ex profundo saxeam ad caelum vomit, Att. ap. Prisc. 1325 P.: clamor ad caelum volvendus, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 104 Mull. (Ann. v. 520 ed. Vahl.) (cf. with this: tollitur in caelum clamor, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, or Ann. v. 422):ad caelumque ferat flammai fulgura rursum, of Aetna,
Lucr. 1, 725; cf. id. 2, 191; 2, 325: sidera sola micant;ad quae sua bracchia tendens, etc.,
Ov. M. 7, 188:altitudo pertingit ad caelum,
Vulg. Dan. 4, 17.—Also in the direction downwards (for the usu. in):2.tardiore semper ad terras omnium quae geruntur in caelo effectu cadente quam visu,
Plin. 2, 97, 99, § 216.The point or goal at which any thing arrives.a.Without reference to the space traversed in passing, to, toward (the most common use of this prep.): cum stupro redire ad suos popularis, Naev. ap. Fest. p. 317 Mull. (B. Pun. p. 14 ed. Vahl.):(α).ut ex tam alto dignitatis gradu ad superos videatur potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,
Cic. Lael. 3, 12: ad terras decidat aether, Lucan. 2, 58. —Hence,With verbs which designate going, coming, moving, bearing, bringing near, adapting, taking, receiving, calling, exciting, admonishing, etc., when the verb is compounded with ad the prep. is not always repeated, but the constr. with the dat. or acc. employed; cf. Rudd. II. pp. 154, 175 n. (In the ante-class. per., and even in Cic., ad is generally repeated with most verbs, as, ad eos accedit, Cic. Sex. Rosc. 8:(β).ad Sullam adire,
id. ib. 25:ad se adferre,
id. Verr. 4, 50:reticulum ad naris sibi admovebat,
id. ib. 5, 27:ad laborem adhortantur,
id. de Sen. 14:T. Vectium ad se arcessit,
id. Verr. 5, 114; but the poets of the Aug. per., and the historians, esp. Tac., prefer the dative; also, when the compound verb contains merely the idea of approach, the constr. with ad and the acc. is employed; but when it designates increase, that with the dat. is more usual: accedit ad urbem, he approaches the city; but, accedit provinciae, it is added to the province.)—Ad me, te, se, for domum meam, tuam, suam (in Plaut. and Ter. very freq.):(γ).oratus sum venire ad te huc,
Plaut. Mil. 5, 1, 12: spectatores plaudite atque ite ad vos comissatum, id. Stich. fin.:eamus ad me,
Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 64:ancillas traduce huc ad vos,
id. Heaut. 4, 4, 22:transeundumst tibi ad Menedemum,
id. 4, 4, 17: intro nos vocat ad sese, tenet intus apud se, Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 86 P.:te oro, ut ad me Vibonem statim venias,
Cic. Att. 3, 3; 16, 10 al.—Ad, with the name of a deity in the gen., is elliptical for ad templum or aedem (cf.:(δ).Thespiadas, quae ad aedem Felicitatis sunt,
Cic. Verr. 4, 4; id. Phil. 2, 35:in aedem Veneris,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 120;in aedem Concordiae,
Cic. Cat. 3, 9, 21;2, 6, 12): ad Dianae,
to the temple of, Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 43:ad Opis,
Cic. Att. 8, 1, 14:ad Castoris,
id. Quint. 17:ad Juturnae,
id. Clu. 101:ad Vestae,
Hor. S. 1, 9, 35 al.: cf. Rudd. II. p. 41, n. 4, and p. 334.—With verbs which denote a giving, sending, informing, submitting, etc., it is used for the simple dat. (Rudd. II. p. 175): litteras dare ad aliquem, to send or write one a letter; and: litteras dare alicui, to give a letter to one; hence Cic. never says, like Caesar and Sall., alicui scribere, which strictly means, to write for one (as a receipt, etc.), but always mittere, scribere, perscribere ad aliquem:(ε).postea ad pistores dabo,
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 119:praecipe quae ad patrem vis nuntiari,
id. Capt. 2, 2, 109:in servitutem pauperem ad divitem dare,
Ter. Ph. 4, 3, 48:nam ad me Publ. Valerius scripsit,
Cic. Fam. 14, 2 med.:de meis rebus ad Lollium perscripsi,
id. ib. 5, 3:velim domum ad te scribas, ut mihi tui libri pateant,
id. Att. 4, 14; cf. id. ib. 4, 16:ad primam (sc. epistulam) tibi hoc scribo,
in answer to your first, id. ib. 3, 15, 2:ad Q. Fulvium Cons. Hirpini et Lucani dediderunt sese,
Liv. 27, 15, 1; cf. id. 28, 22, 5.—Hence the phrase: mittere or scribere librum ad aliquem, to dedicate a book to one (Greek, prosphônein):has res ad te scriptas, Luci, misimus, Aeli,
Lucil. Sat. 1, ap. Auct. Her. 4, 12:quae institueram, ad te mittam,
Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5: ego interea admonitu tuo perfeci sane argutulos libros ad Varronem;and soon after: mihi explices velim, maneasne in sententia, ut mittam ad eum quae scripsi,
Cic. Att. 13, 18; cf. ib. 16; Plin. 1, 19.—So in titles of books: M. Tullii Ciceronis ad Marcum Brutum Orator; M. T. Cic. ad Q. Fratrem Dialogi tres de Oratore, etc.—In the titles of odes and epigrams ad aliquem signifies to, addressed to. —With names of towns after verbs of motion, ad is used in answer to the question Whither? instead of the simple acc.; but commonly with this difference, that ad denotes to the vicinity of, the neighborhood of:(ζ).miles ad Capuam profectus sum, quintoque anno post ad Tarentum,
Cic. de Sen. 4, 10; id. Fam. 3, 81:ad Veios,
Liv. 5, 19; 14, 18; cf. Caes. B. G. 1, 7; id. B. C. 3, 40 al.—Ad is regularly used when the proper name has an appellative in apposition to it:ad Cirtam oppidum iter constituunt,
Sall. J. 81, 2; so Curt. 3, 1, 22; 4, 9, 9;or when it is joined with usque,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 34, § 87; id. Deiot, 7, 19.— (When an adjective is added, the simple acc. is used poet., as well as with ad:magnum iter ad doctas proficisci cogor Athenas,
Prop. 3, 21, 1; the simple acc., Ov. H. 2, 83: doctas jam nunc eat, inquit, Athenas).—With verbs which imply a hostile movement toward, or protection in respect to any thing, against = adversus:(η).nonne ad senem aliquam fabricam fingit?
Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 34:Lernaeas pugnet ad hydras,
Prop. 3, 19, 9: neque quo pacto fallam, nec quem dolum ad eum aut machinam commoliar, old poet in Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 73:Belgarum copias ad se venire vidit,
Caes. B. G. 2, 5; 7, 70:ipse ad hostem vehitur,
Nep. Dat. 4, 5; id. Dion. 5, 4: Romulus ad regem impetus facit (a phrase in which in is commonly found), Liv. 1, 5, 7, and 44, 3, 10:aliquem ad hostem ducere,
Tac. A. 2, 52:clipeos ad tela protecti obiciunt,
Verg. A. 2, 443:munio me ad haec tempora,
Cic. Fam. 9, 18:ad hos omnes casus provisa erant praesidia,
Caes. B. G. 7, 65; 7, 41;so with nouns: medicamentum ad aquam intercutem,
Cic. Off. 3, 24:remedium ad tertianam,
Petr. Sat. 18:munimen ad imbris,
Verg. G. 2, 352:farina cum melle ad tussim siccam efficasissima est,
Plin. 20, 22, 89, § 243:ad muliebre ingenium efficaces preces,
Liv. 1, 9; 1, 19 (in these two passages ad may have the force of apud, Hand).—The repetition of ad to denote the direction to a place and to a person present in it is rare:b.nunc tu abi ad forum ad herum,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 100; cf.:vocatis classico ad concilium militibus ad tribunos,
Liv. 5 47.—(The distinction between ad and in is given by Diom. 409 P., thus: in forum ire est in ipsum forum intrare; ad forum autem ire, in locum foro proximum; ut in tribunal et ad tribunal venire non unum est; quia ad tribunal venit litigator, in tribunal vero praetor aut judex; cf. also Sen. Ep. 73, 14, deus ad homines venit, immo, quod propius est, in homines venit.)—The terminus, with ref. to the space traversed, to, even to, with or without usque, Quint. 10, 7, 16: ingurgitavit usque ad imum gutturem, Naev. ap. Non. 207, 20 (Rib. Com. Rel. p. 30): dictator pervehitur usque ad oppidum, Naev. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 153 Mull. (B. Pun. p. 16 ed. Vahl.):3.via pejor ad usque Baii moenia,
Hor. S. 1, 5, 96; 1, 1, 97:rigidum permanat frigus ad ossa,
Lucr. 1, 355; 1, 969:cum sudor ad imos Manaret talos,
Hor. S. 1, 9, 10:ut quantum posset, agmen ad mare extenderet,
Curt. 3, 9, 10:laeva pars ad pectus est nuda,
id. 6, 5, 27 al. —Hence the Plinian expression, petere aliquid (usque) ad aliquem, to seek something everywhere, even with one:ut ad Aethiopas usque peteretur,
Plin. 36, 6, 9, § 51 (where Jan now reads ab Aethiopia); so,vestis ad Seras peti,
id. 12, 1, 1.— Trop.:si quid poscam, usque ad ravim poscam,
Plaut. Aul. 2, 5, 10:deverberasse usque ad necem,
Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 13;without usque: hic ad incitas redactus,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 136; 4, 2, 52; id. Poen. 4, 2, 85; illud ad incitas cum redit atque internecionem, Lucil. ap. Non. 123, 20:virgis ad necem caedi,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 29, § 70; so Hor. S. 1, 2, 42; Liv. 24, 38, 9; Tac. A. 11, 37; Suet. Ner. 26; id. Dom. 8 al.Nearness or proximity in gen. = apud, near to, by, at, close by (in anteclass. per. very freq.; not rare later, esp. in the historians): pendent peniculamenta unum ad quemque pedum, trains are suspended at each foot, Enn. ap. Non. 149, 33 (Ann. v. 363 ed. Vahl.):B.ut in servitute hic ad suum maneat patrem,
Plaut. Capt. prol. 49; cf. id. ib. 2, 3, 98;3, 5, 41: sol quasi flagitator astat usque ad ostium,
stands like a creditor continually at the door, id. Most. 3, 2, 81 (cf. with same force, Att. ap. Non. 522, 25;apud ipsum astas): ad foris adsistere,
Cic. Verr. 1, 66; id. Arch. 24:astiterunt ad januam,
Vulg. Act. 10, 17:non adest ad exercitum,
Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 6; cf. ib. prol. 133:aderant ad spectaculum istud,
Vulg. Luc. 23, 48: has (testas) e fenestris in caput Deiciunt, qui prope ad ostium adspiraverunt, Lucil. ap. Non. 288, 31:et nec opinanti Mors ad caput adstitit,
Lucr. 3, 959:quod Romanis ad manum domi supplementum esset,
at hand, Liv. 9, 19, 6:haec arma habere ad manum,
Quint. 12, 5, 1:dominum esse ad villam,
Cic. Sull. 20; so id. Verr. 2, 21:errantem ad flumina,
Verg. E. 6, 64; Tib. 1, 10, 38; Plin. 7, 2, § 12; Vitr. 7, 14; 7, 12; and ellipt. (cf. supra, 2. g):pecunia utinam ad Opis maneret!
Cic. Phil. 1, 17.—Even of persons:qui primum pilum ad Caesarem duxerat (for apud),
Caes. B. G. 6, 38; so id. ib. 1, 31; 3, 9; 5, 53; 7, 5; id. B. C. 3, 60:ad inferos poenas parricidii luent,
among, Cic. Phil. 14, 13:neque segnius ad hostes bellum apparatur,
Liv. 7, 7, 4: pugna ad Trebiam, ad Trasimenum, ad Cannas, etc., for which Liv. also uses the gen.:si Trasimeni quam Trebiae, si Cannarum quam Trasimeni pugna nobilior esset, 23, 43, 4.—Sometimes used to form the name of a place, although written separately, e. g. ad Murcim,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 154:villa ad Gallinas, a villa on the Flaminian Way,
Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 37: ad urbem esse (of generals), to remain outside the city (Rome) until permission was given for a triumph:“Esse ad urbem dicebantur, qui cum potestate provinciali aut nuper e provincia revertissent, aut nondum in provinciam profecti essent... solebant autem, qui ob res in provincia gestas triumphum peterent, extra urbem exspectare, donec, lege lata, triumphantes urbem introire possent,”
Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 3, 8.—So sometimes with names of towns and verbs of rest:pons, qui erat ad Genavam,
Caes. B. G. 1, 7:ad Tibur mortem patri minatus est,
Cic. Phil. 6, 4, 10:conchas ad Caietam legunt,
id. Or. 2, 6:ad forum esse,
to be at the market, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 136; id. Most. 3, 2, 158; cf. Ter. Ph. 4, 2, 8; id. And. 1, 5, 19.—Hence, adverb., ad dextram (sc. manum, partem), ad laevam, ad sinistram, to the right, to the left, or on the right, on the left:ad dextram,
Att. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 225; Plaut. Poen. 3, 4, 1; Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 44; Cic. Univ. 13; Caes. B. C. 1, 69:ad laevam,
Enn. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 51; Att. ib. p. 217: ad sinistram, Ter. [p. 28] Ad. 4, 2, 43 al.:ad dextram... ad laevam,
Liv. 40, 6;and with an ordinal number: cum plebes ad tertium milliarium consedisset,
at the third milestone, Cic. Brut. 14, 54, esp. freq. with lapis:sepultus ad quintum lapidem,
Nep. Att. 22, 4; so Liv. 3, 69 al.; Tac. H. 3, 18; 4, 60 (with apud, Ann. 1, 45; 3, 45; 15, 60) al.; cf. Rudd. II. p. 287.In time, analogous to the relations given in A.1.Direction toward, i. e. approach to a definite point of time, about, toward:2.domum reductus ad vesperum,
toward evening, Cic. Lael. 3, 12:cum ad hiemem me ex Cilicia recepissem,
toward winter, id. Fam. 3, 7.—The limit or boundary to which a space of time extends, with and without usque, till, until, to, even to, up to:3.ego ad illud frugi usque et probus fui,
Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 53:philosophia jacuit usque ad hanc aetatem,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; id. de Sen. 14:quid si hic manebo potius ad meridiem,
Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 55; so id. Men. 5, 7, 33; id. Ps. 1, 5, 116; id. As. 2, 1, 5:ad multam noctem,
Cic. de Sen. 14:Sophocles ad summam senectutem tragoedias fecit,
id. ib. 2; cf. id. Rep. 1, 1:Alexandream se proficisci velle dixit (Aratus) remque integram ad reditum suum jussit esse,
id. Off. 2, 23, 82:bestiae ex se natos amant ad quoddam tempus,
id. Lael. 8; so id. de Sen. 6; id. Somn. Sc. 1 al. —And with ab or ab-usque, to desig. the whole period of time passed away:ab hora octava ad vesperum secreto collocuti sumus,
Cic. Att. 7, 8:usque ab aurora ad hoc diei,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 8.—Coincidence with a point of time, at, on, in, by:C.praesto fuit ad horam destinatam,
at the appointed hour, Cic. Tusc. 5, 22:admonuit ut pecuniam ad diem solverent,
on the day of payment, id. Att. 16, 16 A:nostra ad diem dictam fient,
id. Fam. 16, 10, 4; cf. id. Verr. 2, 2, 5: ad lucem denique arte et graviter dormitare coepisse, at (not toward) daybreak, id. Div. 1, 28, 59; so id. Att. 1, 3, 2; 1, 4, 3; id. Fin. 2, 31, 103; id. Brut. 97, 313:ad id tempus,
Caes. B. C. 1, 24; Sall. J. 70, 5; Tac. A. 15, 60; Suet. Aug. 87; Domit. 17, 21 al.The relations of number.1.An approximation to a sum designated, near, near to, almost, about, toward (cf. Gr. epi, pros with acc. and the Fr. pres de, a peu pres, presque) = circiter (Hand, Turs. I. p. 102):2.ad quadraginta eam posse emi minas,
Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 111:nummorum Philippum ad tria milia,
id. Trin. 1, 2, 115; sometimes with quasi added:quasi ad quadraginta minas,
as it were about, id. Most. 3, 1, 95; so Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 93:sane frequentes fuimus omnino ad ducentos,
Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 1:cum annos ad quadraginta natus esset,
id. Clu. 40, 110:ad hominum milia decem,
Caes. B. G. 1, 4:oppida numero ad duodecim, vicos ad quadringentos,
id. ib. 1, 5.—In the histt. and post-Aug. authors ad is added adverbially in this sense (contrary to Gr. usage, by which amphi, peri, and eis with numerals retain their power as prepositions): ad binum milium numero utrinque sauciis factis, Sisenn. ap. Non. 80, 4:occisis ad hominum milibus quattuor,
Caes. B. G. 2, 33:ad duorum milium numero ceciderunt,
id. B. C. 3, 53:ad duo milia et trecenti occisi,
Liv. 10, 17, 8; so id. 27, 12, 16; Suet. Caes. 20; cf. Rudd. II. p. 334.—The terminus, the limit, to, unto, even to, a designated number (rare):D.ranam luridam conicere in aquam usque quo ad tertiam partem decoxeris,
Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 26; cf. App. Herb. 41:aedem Junonis ad partem dimidiam detegit,
even to the half, Liv. 42, 3, 2:miles (viaticum) ad assem perdiderat,
to a farthing, to the last farthing, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 27; Plin. Ep. 1, 15:quid ad denarium solveretur,
Cic. Quint. 4.—The phrase omnes ad unum or ad unum omnes, or simply ad unum, means lit. all to one, i. e. all together, all without exception; Gr. hoi kath hena pantes (therefore the gender of unum is changed according to that of omnes): praetor omnes extra castra, ut stercus, foras ejecit ad unum, Lucil. ap. Non. 394, 22:de amicitia omnes ad unum idem sentiunt,
Cic. Lael. 23:ad unum omnes cum ipso duce occisi sunt,
Curt. 4, 1, 22 al.:naves Rhodias afflixit ita, ut ad unam omnes constratae eliderentur,
Caes. B. C. 3, 27; onerariae omnes ad unam a nobis sunt exceptae, Cic. Fam. 12, 14 (cf. in Gr. hoi kath hena; in Hebr., Exod. 14, 28).— Ad unum without omnes:ego eam sententiam dixi, cui sunt assensi ad unum,
Cic. Fam. 10, 16:Juppiter omnipotens si nondum exosus ad unum Trojanos,
Verg. A. 5, 687.In the manifold relations of one object to another.1.That in respect of or in regard to which a thing avails, happens, or is true or important, with regard to, in respect of, in relation to, as to, to, in.a.With verbs:b.ad omnia alia aetate sapimus rectius,
in respect to all other things we grow wiser by age, Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 45:numquam ita quisquam bene ad vitam fuat,
id. ib. 5, 4, 1:nil ibi libatum de toto corpore (mortui) cernas ad speciem, nil ad pondus,
that nothing is lost in form or weight, Lucr. 3, 214; cf. id. 5, 570; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 21, § 58; id. Mur. 13, 29: illi regi Cyro subest, ad immutandi animi licentiam, crudelissimus ille Phalaris, in that Cyrus, in regard to the liberty of changing his disposition (i. e. not in reality, but inasmuch as he is at liberty to lay aside his good character, and assume that of a tyrant), there is concealed another cruel Phalaris, Cic. Rep. 1, 28:nil est ad nos,
is nothing to us, concerns us not, Lucr. 3, 830; 3, 845:nil ad me attinet,
Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 54:nihil ad rem pertinet,
Cic. Caecin. 58;and in the same sense elliptically: nihil ad Epicurum,
id. Fin. 1, 2, 5; id. Pis. 68:Quid ad praetorem?
id. Verr. 1, 116 (this usage is not to be confounded with that under 4.).—With adjectives:c.ad has res perspicax,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 129:virum ad cetera egregium,
Liv. 37, 7, 15:auxiliaribus ad pugnam non multum Crassus confidebat,
Caes. B. G. 3, 25:ejus frater aliquantum ad rem est avidior,
Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 51; cf. id. And. 1, 2, 21; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 129:ut sit potior, qui prior ad dandum est,
id. Phorm. 3, 2, 48:difficilis (res) ad credendum,
Lucr. 2, 1027:ad rationem sollertiamque praestantior,
Cic. N. D. 2, 62; so id. Leg. 2, 13, 33; id. Fin. 2, 20, 63; id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85; id. Font. 15; id. Cat. 1, 5, 12; id. de Or. 1, 25, 113; 1, 32, 146; 2, 49, 200; id. Fam. 3, 1, 1; Liv. 9, 16, 13; Tac. A. 12, 54 al.—With nouns:d.prius quam tuum, ut sese habeat, animum ad nuptias perspexerit,
before he knew your feeling in regard to the marriage, Ter. And. 2, 3, 4 (cf. Gr. hopôs echei tis pros ti):mentis ad omnia caecitas,
Cic. Tusc. 3, 5, 11:magna vis est fortunae in utramque partem vel ad secundas res vel ad adversas,
id. Off. 2, 6; so id. Par. 1:ad cetera paene gemelli,
Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 3.—So with acc. of gerund instead of the gen. from the same vb.:facultas ad scribendum, instead of scribendi,
Cic. Font. 6;facultas ad agendum,
id. de Imp. Pomp. 1, 2: cf. Rudd. II. p. 245.—In gramm.: nomina ad aliquid dicta, nouns used in relation to something, i. e. which derive their significance from their relation to another object: quae non possunt intellegi sola, ut pater, mater;2.jungunt enim sibi et illa propter quae intelleguntur,
Charis. 129 P.; cf. Prisc. 580 ib.—With words denoting measure, weight, manner, model, rule, etc., both prop. and fig., according to, agreeably to, after (Gr. kata, pros):3.columnas ad perpendiculum exigere,
Cic. Mur. 77:taleis ferreis ad certum pondus examinatis,
Caes. B. G. 5, 12: facta sunt ad certam formam. Lucr. 2, 379:ad amussim non est numerus,
Varr. 2, 1, 26:ad imaginem facere,
Vulg. Gen. 1, 26:ad cursus lunae describit annum,
Liv. 1, 19:omnia ad diem facta sunt,
Caes. B. G. 2, 5:Id ad similitudinem panis efficiebant,
id. B. C. 3, 48; Vulg. Gen. 1, 26; id. Jac. 3, 9:ad aequos flexus,
at equal angles, Lucr. 4, 323: quasi ad tornum levantur, to or by the lathe, id. 4, 361:turres ad altitudiem valli,
Caes. B. G. 5, 42; Liv. 39, 6:ad eandem crassitudinem structi,
id. 44, 11:ad speciem cancellorum scenicorum,
with the appearance of, like, Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 8:stagnum maris instar, circumseptum aedificiis ad urbium speciem,
Suet. Ner. 31:lascivum pecus ludens ad cantum,
Liv. Andron. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 1:canere ad tibiam,
Cic. Tusc. 4, 2: canere ad tibicinem, id. ib. 1, 2 (cf.:in numerum ludere,
Verg. E. 6, 28; id. G. 4, 175):quod ad Aristophanis lucernam lucubravi,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 9 Mull.: carmen castigare ad unguem, to perfection (v. unguis), Hor. A. P. 294:ad unguem factus homo,
a perfect gentleman, id. S. 1, 5, 32 (cf. id. ib. 2, 7, 86):ad istorum normam sapientes,
Cic. Lael. 5, 18; id. Mur. 3:Cyrus non ad historiae fidem scriptus, sed ad effigiem justi imperii,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:exercemur in venando ad similitudinem bellicae disciplinae,
id. N. D. 2, 64, 161: so,ad simulacrum,
Liv. 40, 6:ad Punica ingenia,
id. 21, 22:ad L. Crassi eloquentiam,
Cic. Var. Fragm. 8:omnia fient ad verum,
Juv. 6, 324:quid aut ad naturam aut contra sit,
Cic. Fin. 1, 9, 30:ad hunc modum institutus est,
id. Tusc. 2, 3; Caes. B. G. 2, 31; 3, 13:ad eundem istunc modum,
Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 70:quem ad modum, q. v.: ad istam faciem est morbus, qui me macerat,
of that kind, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 73; id. Merc. 2, 3, 90; cf.91: cujus ad arbitrium copia materiai cogitur,
Lucr. 2, 281:ad eorum arbitrium et nutum totos se fingunt,
to their will and pleasure, Cic. Or. 8, 24; id. Quint. 71:ad P. Lentuli auctoritatem Roma contendit,
id. Rab. Post. 21:aliae sunt legati partes, aliae imperatoris: alter omnia agere ad praescriptum, alter libere ad summam rerum consulere debet,
Caes. B. C. 3, 51:rebus ad voluntatem nostram fluentibus,
Cic. Off. 1, 26:rem ad illorum libidinem judicarunt,
id. Font. 36:ad vulgi opinionem,
id. Off. 3, 21.—So in later Lat. with instar:ad instar castrorum,
Just. 36, 3, 2:scoparum,
App. M. 9, p. 232:speculi,
id. ib. 2, p. 118: ad hoc instar mundi, id. de Mundo, p. 72.—Sometimes, but very rarely, ad is used absol. in this sense (so also very rarely kata with acc., Xen. Hell. 2, 3; Luc. Dial. Deor. 8): convertier ad nos, as we (are turned), Lucr. 4, 317:ad navis feratur,
like ships, id. 4, 897 Munro. —With noun:ad specus angustiac vallium,
like caves, Caes. B. C. 3, 49.—Hence,With an object which is the cause or reason, in conformity to which, from which, or for which, any thing is or is done.a.The moving cause, according to, at, on, in consequence of:b.cetera pars animae paret et ad numen mentis momenque movetur,
Lucr. 3, 144:ad horum preces in Boeotiam duxit,
on their entreaty, Liv. 42, 67, 12: ad ea Caesar veniam ipsique et conjugi et fratribus tribuit, in consequence of or upon this, he, etc., Tac. Ann. 12, 37.—The final cause, or the object, end, or aim, for the attainment of which any thing,(α).is done,(β).is designed, or,(γ). (α).Seque ad ludos jam inde abhinc exerceant, Pac. ap. Charis. p. 175 P. (Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 80):(β).venimus coctum ad nuptias,
in order to cook for the wedding, Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 15:omnis ad perniciem instructa domus,
id. Bacch. 3, 1, 6; cf. Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 41; Liv. 1, 54:cum fingis falsas causas ad discordiam,
in order to produce dissension, Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 71:quantam fenestram ad nequitiam patefeceris,
id. Heaut. 3, 1, 72:utrum ille, qui postulat legatum ad tantum bellum, quem velit, idoneus non est, qui impetret, cum ceteri ad expilandos socios diripiendasque provincias, quos voluerunt, legatos eduxerint,
Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 19, 57:ego vitam quoad putabo tua interesse, aut ad spem servandam esse, retinebo,
for hope, id. Q. Fr. 1, 4; id. Fam. 5, 17:haec juventutem, ubi familiares opes defecerant, ad facinora incendebant,
Sall. C. 13, 4:ad speciem atque ad usurpationem vetustatis,
Cic. Agr. 2, 12, 31; Suet. Caes. 67:paucis ad speciem tabernaculis relictis,
for appearance, Caes. B. C. 2, 35; so id. ib. 2, 41; id. B. G. 1, 51.—Aut equos alere aut canes ad venandum. Ter. And. 1, 1, 30:(γ).ingenio egregie ad miseriam natus sum,
id. Heaut. 3, 1, 11;(in the same sense: in rem,
Hor. C. 1, 27, 1, and the dat., Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 6):ad cursum equum, ad arandum bovem, ad indagandum canem,
Cic. Fin. 2, 13, 40:ad frena leones,
Verg. A. 10, 253:delecto ad naves milite,
marines, Liv. 22, 19 Weissenb.:servos ad remum,
rowers, id. 34, 6; and:servos ad militiam emendos,
id. 22, 61, 2:comparasti ad lecticam homines,
Cat. 10, 16:Lygdamus ad cyathos,
Prop. 4, 8, 37; cf.:puer ad cyathum statuetur,
Hor. C. 1, 29, 8.—Quae oportet Signa esse [p. 29] ad salutem, omnia huic osse video, everything indicative of prosperity I see in him, Ter. And. 3, 2, 2:4.haec sunt ad virtutem omnia,
id. Heaut. 1, 2, 33:causa ad objurgandum,
id. And. 1, 1, 123:argumentum ad scribendum,
Cic. Att. 9, 7 (in both examples instead of the gen. of gerund., cf. Rudd. II. p. 245):vinum murteum est ad alvum crudam,
Cato R. R. 125:nulla res tantum ad dicendum proficit, quantum scriptio,
Cic. Brut. 24:reliquis rebus, quae sunt ad incendia,
Caes. B. C. 3, 101 al. —So with the adjectives idoneus, utilis, aptus, instead of the dat.:homines ad hanc rem idoneos,
Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 6:calcei habiles et apti ad pedem,
Cic. de Or. 1, 54, 231:orator aptus tamen ad dicendum,
id. Tusc. 1, 3, 5:sus est ad vescendum hominibus apta,
id. N. D. 2, 64, 160:homo ad nullam rem utilis,
id. Off. 3, 6:ad segetes ingeniosus ager,
Ov. F. 4, 684.—(Upon the connection of ad with the gerund. v. Zumpt, § 666; Rudd. II. p. 261.)—Comparison (since that with which a thing is compared is considered as an object to which the thing compared is brought near for the sake of comparison), to, compared to or with, in comparison with:E.ad sapientiam hujus ille (Thales) nimius nugator fuit,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 25; id. Trin. 3, 2, 100:ne comparandus hic quidem ad illum'st,
Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 14; 2, 3, 69:terra ad universi caeli complexum,
compared with the whole extent of the heavens, Cic. Tusc. 1, 17, 40:homini non ad cetera Punica ingenia callido,
Liv. 22, 22, 15:at nihil ad nostram hanc,
nothing in comparison with, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 70; so Cic. Deiot. 8, 24; and id. de Or. 2, 6, 25.Adverbial phrases with ad.1.Ad omnia, withal, to crown all:2.ingentem vim peditum equitumque venire: ex India elephantos: ad omnia tantum advehi auri, etc.,
Liv. 35, 32, 4.—Ad hoc and ad haec (in the historians, esp. from the time of Livy, and in authors after the Aug. per.), = praeterea, insuper, moreover, besides, in addition, epi toutois:3.nam quicumque impudicus, adulter, ganeo, etc.: praeterea omnes undique parricidae, etc.: ad hoc, quos manus atque lingua perjurio aut sanguine civili alebat: postremo omnes, quos, etc.,
Sall. C. 14, 2 and 3:his opinionibus inflato animo, ad hoc vitio quoque ingenii vehemens,
Liv. 6, 11, 6; 42, 1, 1; Tac. H. 1, 6; Suet. Aug. 22 al.—Ad id quod, beside that (very rare):4.ad id quod sua sponte satis conlectum animorum erat, indignitate etiam Romani accendebantur,
Liv. 3, 62, 1; so 44, 37, 12.—Ad tempus.a.At a definite, fixed time, Cic. Att. 13, 45; Liv. 38, 25, 3.—b.At a fit, appropriate time, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 54, § 141; Liv. 1, 7, 13.—c.For some time, for a short time, Cic. Off. 1, 8, 27; id. Lael. 15, 53; Liv. 21, 25, 14.—d.According to circumstances, Cic. Planc. 30, 74; id. Cael. 6, 13; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9.—5.Ad praesens (for the most part only in post-Aug. writers).a.For the moment, for a short time, Cic. Fam. 12, 8; Plin. 8, 22, 34; Tac. A. 4, 21.—b.At present, now, Tac. A. 16, 5; id. H. 1, 44.—So, ad praesentiam, Tac. A. 11, 8.—6.Ad locum, on the spot:7.ut ad locum miles esset paratus,
Liv. 27, 27, 2.—Ad verbum, word for word, literally, Cic. Fin. 1, 2, 4; id. de Or. 1, 34, 157; id. Ac. 2, 44, 135 al.—8.Ad summam.a. b. 9.Ad extremum, ad ultimum, ad postremum.a. (α).Of place, at the extremity, extreme point, top, etc.:(β).missile telum hastili abiegno et cetera tereti, praeterquam ad extremum, unde ferrum exstabat,
Liv. 21, 8, 10.—Of time = telos de, at last, finally:(γ).ibi ad postremum cedit miles,
Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 52; so id. Poen. 4, 2, 22; Cic. Off. 3, 23, 89; id. Phil. 13, 20, 45; Caes. B. G. 7, 53; Liv. 30, 15, 4 al.— Hence,of order, finally, lastly, = denique: inventa componere; tum ornare oratione; post memoria sepire;b.ad extremum agere cum dignitate,
Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 142.—In Liv., to the last degree, quite: improbus homo, sed non ad extremum perditus, 23, 2, 3; cf.:10.consilii scelerati, sed non ad ultimum dementis,
id. 28, 28, 8.—Quem ad finem? To what limit? How far? Cic. Cat. 1, 1; id. Verr. 5, 75.—11.Quem ad modum, v. sub h. v.► a.Ad (v. ab, ex, in, etc.) is not repeated like some other prepositions with interrog. and relative pronouns, after nouns or demonstrative pronouns:b.traducis cogitationes meas ad voluptates. Quas? corporis credo,
Cic. Tusc. 3, 17, 37 (ubi v. Kuhner).—Ad is sometimes placed after its substantive:c.quam ad,
Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 39:senatus, quos ad soleret, referendum censuit,
Cic. N. D. 2, 4:ripam ad Araxis,
Tac. Ann. 12, 51;or between subst. and adj.: augendam ad invidiam,
id. ib. 12, 8.—The compound adque for et ad (like exque, eque, and, poet., aque) is denied by Moser, Cic. Rep. 2, 15, p. 248, and he reads instead of ad humanitatem adque mansuetudinem of the MSS., hum. atque mans. But adque, in acc. with later usage, is restored by Hand in App. M. 10, p. 247, adque haec omnia oboediebam for atque; and in Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 9, utroque vorsum rectum'st ingenium meum, ad se adque illum, is now read, ad te atque ad illum (Fleck., Brix).II.In composition.A.Form. According to the usual orthography, the d of the ad remains unchanged before vowels, and before b, d, h, m, v: adbibo, adduco, adhibeo, admoveo, advenio; it is assimilated to c, f, g, l, n, p, r, s, t: accipio, affigo, aggero, allabor, annumero, appello, arripio, assumo, attineo; before g and s it sometimes disappears: agnosco, aspicio, asto: and before qu it passes into c: acquiro, acquiesco.—But later philologists, supported by old inscriptions and good MSS., have mostly adopted the following forms: ad before j, h, b, d, f, m, n, q, v; ac before c, sometimes, but less well, before q; ag and also ad before g; a before gn, sp, sc, st; ad and also al before l; ad rather than an before n; ap and sometimes ad before p; ad and also ar before r; ad and also as before s; at and sometimes ad before t. In this work the old orthography has commonly been retained for the sake of convenient reference, but the better form in any case is indicated.—B.Signif. In English up often denotes approach, and in many instances will give the force of ad as a prefix both in its local and in its figurative sense.1.Local.a. b.At, by: astare, adesse.—c. d.Up (cf. de- = down, as in deicio, decido): attollo, ascendo, adsurgo.—2.Fig.a.To: adjudico, adsentior.—b.At or on: admiror, adludo.—c.Denoting conformity to, or comparison with: affiguro, adaequo.—d.Denoting addition, increase (cf. ab, de, and ex as prefixes to denote privation): addoceo, adposco.—e.Hence, denoting intensity: adamo, adimpleo, aduro, and perhaps agnosco.—f.Denoting the coming to an act or state, and hence commencement: addubito, addormio, adquiesco, adlubesco, advesperascit. See more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 74-134. -
10 ad [2]
2. ad (altlat. ar, w.s., urspr. wohl at [vgl. at -avus ], gotisch at), Praep. m. Acc., bezeichnet zunächst die im Werden begriffene Annäherung, d.h. Richtung in der Bewegung u. Ausdehnung zu oder nach einem Ziele, dann aber auch die vollendete Annäherung, d.h. Richtung in der Ruhe = Nähe bei einem Punkte, deutsch zu, nach, an (Ggstz. in m. Akk.; vgl. Sen. ep. 73, 16: deus ad homines venit: immo, quod est propius, in homines), I) im Raume: A) eig.: 1) zur Bezeichnung der Richtung in der Bewegung und Ausdehnung: a) in der Bewegung, zu, nach, an, nach od. an... hin, nach od. auf... zu, auf... los, accedere ad aedes has, Plaut., ad flammam, Ter., ad Aquinum, Cic.: proficisci ad eum fundum, ad Capuam, Cic.: proficisci ad Syphacem, auf den S. losmarschieren, Liv.: venire ad Cn. Pompei castra, Cic.: venire ad alqm, zu jmd., Cic., auf jmd. los, Caes.: concurrere ad curiam, Cic.: reverti ad alqm, Caes.: transcurrere ad forum, Ter. – ire visere ad alqm, zu jmd., Ter.: ire ad hostem, auf den F. los, Liv. – spectare, despicere ad alqm, Plaut.: u. spectare ad orientem solem, liegen nach usw. (v. Örtl.), Caes.: u. ebenso vergere ad septentriones, Caes., ad Atticam, Plin. – ducere cohortem ad eam partem munitionis, quae etc., Caes.: ducere legiones ad hostem, auf den F. los, gegen den F., Liv. – mittere legatos ad alqm, Caes.: mittere librum ad alqm, an jmd. schicken, ihm widmen, Cic.: dah. ellipt. libri ad Rhodios (sc. missi), an die Rh., Nep., und auf Büchertiteln, M. Tulli Ciceronis ad M. Brutum orator u. dgl. – tendere manus ad caelum, Caes.: convertere simulacrum Iovis ad orientem, Cic.: vertier (verti) ad lapidem, Lucr. – beim Genet. v. Götternamen mit Auslassung von aedem, zB. ad Dianae (sc. aedem) venire, Ter. – in der Umgangsspr., bei Pers., bes. beim pron. pers., zur Bezeichnung der Wohnung, ad me, ad te, ad se, ad vos, zu mir usw. = in mein Haus (chez moi), Komik., Cic. u.a. – b) in der Ausdehnung, bis zu, bis nach, bis an, bis auf, ab angulo castrorum ad flumen, Caes. – a Salonis ad Oricum, Caes. – m. usque, dona usque ad Numantiam misit ex Asia, Cic.: ab imis unguibus usque ad verticem summum, Cic.
2) zur Bezeichnung der Annäherung, Richtung in der Ruhe = a) bei, an, vor, sedere ad latus eius, Cic.: iacēre ad pedes alcis, Cic.: u. iacēre od. esse ad meridiem, gegen M. (v. Örtl.), Varr. LL. u. Liv.: habere hortos ad Tiberim, Cic.: villa, quae est ad Baulos, Cic.: u. istos libros legit ad Misenum, bei M. = auf dem Landgute bei M., Cic.: pugna ad Trebiam, Liv.: ad Nolam proelium, Cic.: victoria ad Cannas, Liv. – adesse ad portam, Cic.: esse ad dextram, Cic., ad laevam, Plaut.: esse ad manum (s. 1. manus.), Cic.: manere ad regem, Liv., ad exercitum, Caes.: segnius bel lum ad hostes apparatur, Liv.: tantum esse nomen eius exercitus etiam ad ultimas Germanorum nationes, Caes.: ut esset ad posteros miraculi eius monumentum, Liv.: iactantia gloriaque ad posteros, Tac. – bes., esse ad urbem, v. röm. Magistratspers., die mit Gefolge u. Militärbefehl reisen u. an einem Orte ihr Standquartier aufschlagen, Cic.: u. esse od. remanere ad urbem, esse ad portas, v. Feldherrn, der mit dem Oberbefehle vor Rom weilt, aber als solcher in die Stadt zu kommen nicht berechtigt ist, Cic. – esse ad alqm, bei jmd. (im Hause als Besuchender) sein, Cic.: ebenso cenare ad alqm, Gell. – u. oft ad alqm = bei, vor jmd., zur Bezeichnung der Pers., unter deren Leitung, Teilnahme usw. etwas vorgeht (s. Brix Plaut. capt. prol. 49), excusationem quaerere ad Brutum, Cic.: ad iudicem agere, Cic.: ad tibicinem hostias immolare, unter Begleitung eines Flötenspielers, Cic. – ebenso ad alqd, bei, zu etw., zur Bezeichnung des Ggstnds., unter dessen Einflusse etwas vorgeht (s. Fritzsche zu Hor. sat. 2, 8, 32), ad vinum, beim W., ad lumina, beim L., Cic.: ad tibiam, zur Flöte, unter Flötenbegleitung, Cic.: ad lychnuchum ligneolum, Cic.: ad lunam, Verg. u. Hor.: ad lunae lumina, Ov. – b) an = auf, in (s. Brix Plaut. mil. 930. Halm Cic. Rosc. Am. 44), ad forum, Ter.: ad villam, Cic.: ad portum, Plaut.: ad aedem Felicitatis, Cic.: ad orientem, im O., Liv. epit.: ad omnia deorum templa, Cic.: u. so ellipt., ad Castoris (sc. aedem), Cic. – u. zur Bezeichnung v. Örtl., ad capita bubula, zu den O., Suet.: ad gallinas, Plin.
B) übtr.: 1) von der Richtung in der Bewegung, Ausdehnung: a) von der Richtung in der Bewegung: α) übh., nach den Verben, die ein Bewegen, Antreiben usw. zu etw. anzeigen, wie movere, commovere, mutare, ducere, inducere, impellere, hortari, adhortari, admonere, invitare u.a. (w.s.). – β) zur Angabe des Strebens und der Neigung, bei den Substst. cupiditas, aviditas, alacritas u.a. (w.s.). – bei den Adjj. avidus, propensus, intentus, acer u.a. (w.s.). – bei Verben, wie provincia summā contentione ad officia certans, Planc. bei Cic. – γ) zur Angabe der Bestimmung, des Endzwecks, der Absicht, zu, für, bei Substst. (bes. ad mit folg. Gerund. od. Gerundiv.), jedoch fast immer durch ein Verbum gestützt (s. Spengel Ter. Andr. 138), mentis ad omnia caecitas, Cic.: ad auxilium copia, Ter.: ad narrandum benignitas, Plaut.: adiutorem esse ad iniuriam, Cic.: ne irato facultas ad dicendum data esse videatur, Cic.: occasionem ad rem gerendam fore, Cic.: argumentum ad scribendum alci deest, Cic. – bei Adjj., wie natus, factus, doctus, aptus, idoneus, utilis u.a. (w.s.). – nach Verben, wie adiuvare, conferre, facere, conficere, esse (dienen), pertinere u.a. (w.s.). – ebenso nach den Verben deposcere, decernere, deligere u.a. (w.s.). – oft ad id, dazu, deshalb, zu dem Zwecke, ad id fabrefacta navigia, Liv.: duae cohortes ad id ipsum (eigens dazu) instructae intus, Liv.: qui ad id missi erant, Liv. (vgl. Fabri zu Liv. 24, 48, 7 u. Hand Tursell. 1, 126). – u. quid ad rem? was macht das? Cic.: quid ad me? was geht mich das an? Cic. – dah. αα) bei Mitteln, bes. Heilmitteln, zu, für, gegen, quae sint animadversa a medicis... radicum genera ad morsus bestiarum, ad oculorum morbos etc., Cic.: remedium ad tertianam, Petr. – u. auch hier nach Verben, wie esse (sein = dienen), valere, posse, proficere u.a. (w.s.). – ββ) zur Angabe des Geschäfts, zu dem jmd. od. etw. bestimmt od. verwendet wird, zu, alere canes ad venandum, Jagdhunde, Ter.: servos ad remum dare, Liv.: argentum ad vescendum factum, silbernes Tafelgeschirr, Liv. – δ) zur Angabe der Beziehung einer Sache auf eine andere, αα) in bezug, in Hinsicht (im Hinblick) od. Rücksicht auf etw., hinsichtlich, in betreff einer Sache, gegen etw. (s. Schömann Cic. de nat. deor. 2, 155. Schneider Caes. b.G. 5, 1. § 2 u. 3. Fabri Liv. 21, 57, 6. Fritzsche Hor. sat. 2, 2, 108. Heräus Tac. hist. 2, 97, 7. Nägelsb. Stil. § 122, 2), bei Substst., maxima praemia vel ad gratiam vel ad opes vel ad dignitatem, Cic. – nomina ad aliquid (ὀνόματα πρός τι), relative, Quint. – bei Adjj. (s. Wagner Ter. heaut. 370. Meißner Cic. Tusc. 2, 15. Holstein Cic. de fin. 2, 63. Müller Liv. 1, 4, 8. Fabri Liv. 21, 25, 6. Benecke Iustin. 25, 4, 3), insignes ad laudem viri, Cic.: impiger ad labores belli, Cic.: tutus ad ictus, Liv.: modestus ad omnia alia, Ter.: vir ad cetera egregius, Liv.: ad verborum linguaeque certamina rudes, Liv. – bei Verben, non comparandus hic ad illum est, Ter. – elliptisch, non ad Q. Maximi sapientiam, neque ad illius superioris Africani in re gerunda celeritatem, Cic. – ββ) im Verhältnis zu, im Vergleich mit od. zu, gegen, entsprechend (s. Brix Plaut. trin. 873. Halm u. Richter Cic. Verr. 5, 25. Madvig Cic. de fin. 3, 52. Meißner Cic. Tusc. 1, 40. Benecke Cic. Cat. 1, 12. Müller Liv. 1, 8, 4. Fabri Liv. 22, 22, 15), terram ad universi caeli complexum quasi puncti instar obtinere, Cic.: scuta ad amplitudinem corporum parum lata, Liv.: quid ad primum consulatum secundus? Liv.: ellipt. (s. Sorof Cic. de or. 2, 25), at nihil ad nostram hanc, Ter.: quem cognovimus virum bonum et non illitteratum, sed nihil ad Persium, Cic. – u. bei Gegenüberstellung zweier Verhältnisse, quomodo od. sicut od. ut... sic od. ita ad, wie... so zu, quomodo est filius ad patrem, sic est filia ad matrem, Varr. LL. 10. § 41: est ad unum victoriatum denarius, sicut ad alterum victoriatum alter denarius, ibid.: ut unum ad duo, sic decem ad viginti, ibid. § 45: ut unum ad decem, ita decem ad centum, Quint. 5, 11, 34. – b) von der Ausdehnung und Steigerung, bis zu, bis auf, α) übh.: pulli usque ad cinerem ambusti, Plin.: usque ad mortem multare alqm, Ter.: virgis ad necem caedi, Cic. – ad extremum, ad ultimum, »bis aufs äußerste, äußerst = im höchsten Grade«, homo non ad extremum perditus, Liv.: consilium non ad ultimum demens, Liv. – u. ad ultimum, »aufs äußerste = wenn es zum Äußersten kommt«, Curt. – ad summam, »aufs ganze = im ganzen, überhaupt«, Cic. u.a. – β) bei Maßbestimmungen: decoquere ad tertiam partem, Varr.: scrobem ad medium complere, Liv.: ad plenum, Hor. – γ) bei Zahl- u. Geldbestimmungen: αα) zur Angabe des Eintreffens auf eine gewisse Zahl usw., bis zu, bis auf, eadem ad decem homines servabitur portio, Curt.: ad assem perdere, Hor.: ad nummum convenit, Cic.: ad unum (unam) omnes, alle bis auf einen, d.i. bis auf den letzten, Cic.: u. so bl. ad unum, Cic.: ad impuberes, bis auf die Nichtmannbaren, mit Einschluß der N., Caes. – ββ) zur Angabe der Annäherung an eine bestimmte Zahl bis zu, an die, nahe an, nummum Philippeum ad tria milia, Plaut.: quasi talenta ad quindecim, Ter.: (fuimus) omnino ad ducentos, Cic.: cum annos ad L natus esset, Cic. – dah. auch adv. (s. Fabri zu Liv. 22, 41, 2), occisis ad hominum milibus quattuor, Caes.: ad mille ducenti eo proelio ceciderunt, Liv.
2) vom Nebeneinanderstellen u. Nahekommen von Ggstndn.: a) zur Angabe der annähernden Ähnlichkeit (s. Brix Plaut. trin. 873), nach, ut emerem ancillam ad istam faciem, Plaut.: et idem alterum (quaero) ad istanc capitis albitudinem, einen Graukopf etwa wie du, Plaut. – b) zur Angabe dessen, was zu od. bei etw. noch hinzutritt, zu, bei, neben, außer, ad cetera hanc quoque plagam infligere, Cic.: quod ad ius civile pontificium appetatis, Cic.: hoc unum ad pristinam fortunam defuit, Caes. – nisi quid vis od. vultis ad haec, Cic. – dah. ad hoc, ad haec, »zudem, überdies«, Sall. u. Liv.: ad id quod, »außerdem, daß«, usw., Liv.: ad omnia, ad cetera, Liv. (vgl. Hand Tursell. 1, 125). – c) zur Angabe der äußern Veranlassung, auf, bei, auf... hin, infolge, auf Veranlassung, aus, vor (s. Müller Liv. 1, 39, 2. Fabri Liv. 21, 41, 3), respondere, breviter disserere ad alqd, Cic.: ad famam belli novas legiones scribere, Liv.: ad ducis casum perculsa magis, quam irritata est multitudo, Liv. – oder zur Angabe des innern Beweggrundes, auf... hin, aus, vor (s. Müller Liv. 1, 7, 7. Weißenb. Liv. 42, 20, 1), quae (urbes) ad spem diuturnitatis conderentur, Cic.: seu ad metum virium seu ad spem veniae cum dedissent sese, Liv.: in suspensa civitate ad exspectationem novi belli, Liv. – d) zur Angabe der Richtschnur, nach der etw. geschieht, gemäß, nach (Ggstz. contra; s. Drak. Liv. 7, 2, 10. Schuch Apic. 5. § 186), ad perpendiculum, ad lineam, Cic.: ad istorum normam, Cic.: ad voluntatem loqui omnia, Cic.: agere ad praescriptum, Caes.: ad edictum convenire, Liv.: ad manum cantare, ad hunc modum, auf diese W., Cic.: ad tempus, der Zeit gemäß, nach Umständen, Cic. (vgl. unten no. II, 1, b u. no. II, 1, a): ad verbum, wörtlich (zB. ediscere), Cic. (vgl. verbum no. I, b, γ): ad litteras, buchstäblich, Quint. 9, 1, 25.
II) in der Zeit: 1) zur Angabe der Ausdehnung bis zu einem Zeitpunkt: a) mit Rücksicht auf die dazwischen verfließende Zeit, bis zu, bis an, bis auf, bis gegen, ab consulatu eius usque ad extremum tempus, Nep.: ab initio rerum Rom. usque ad P. Mucium pont. max., Cic.: ab hora octava ad vesperum, Cic.: ab condita urbe ad liberatam, Cic. – usque ad hanc aetatem, Cic.: ad summam senectutem, Cic.: ad vesperum, ad multam noctem, Cic.: ad id tempus, ad hoc tempus, bis jetzt, bisher, Caes. u.a.: so auch ad id locorum, Sall. u. Liv.: u. so bl. ad id, ad hoc, Liv. (s. Fabri Liv. 21, 52, 6): ad eum finem, dum etc., Cic.: quem ad finem? wie lange? Cic. – b) mit Rücksicht auf die Währung der Zeit, auf, für, ad exiguum tempus, Cic.: ad breve tempus, Plin.: ad paucos dies, Cic.: ad quoddam tempus, auf einige Zeit, Cic.: ad annos DC, Cic.: ad tempus, auf Zeit (nicht auf die Dauer), Cic.: ad praesens, Cic. 2) zur Angabe des Eintretens auf od. nach einem Zeitpunkt: a) zu, auf, an, nos hic te ad mensem Ianuarium exspectamus, Cic.: te Laodiceae fore ad meum adventum, bei m.A., Cic.: ad aestatem, Liv.: ad lucem, zum Morgen, am Morgen, Cic.: ad meridiem, Plaut.: ad vesperum, Cic.: ad diem dictam, Cic.: ad diem, Cic.: ad (an) eum diem, Tac.: ad praedictum tempus, Liv.: ad tempus, zur gehörigen Zeit, Cic. – ad extremum, Cic. u. Liv., ad ultimum, Liv., ad postremum, Liv., zuletzt (s. Müller Liv. 1, 33, 5). – b) nach, über, binnen (s. Lachm. Lucr. 2, 44. p. 79), ad annum tribunum pl. fore, Cic.: utrum illuc nunc veniam, an ad annos decem, Cic.: ad punctum temporis, binnen od. in einem Augenblick, Cic.: ad Kalendas Graecas, s. Calendae. – / ad seinem Pronom. od. Subst. nachgesetzt, quem ad, Plaut. Bacch. 176: quam ad, Ter. Phorm. 524: quos ad, Cic. de nat. deor. 2, 10: ripam ad Araxis, Tac. ann. 12, 51. – od. zwischen Adjekt. u. Subst., augendam ad invidiam, Tac. ann. 12, 8.
In der Zusammensetzung bezeichnet ad ebenfalls eine Annäherung, heran, herzu, herbei, dabei, zB. accedere, adstare (astare). – dah. auch ein Streben, eine Neigung, s. ad-amo, ac-crēdo u.a. – eine Vermehrung, hinzu, zB. adicere, assumere.
/ Die Schreibung at (gegen Quint. 1, 7, 5. Prob. inst. (IV) 145, 8 sq. Caper (VII) 95, 14. Vel. Long. (VII) 69, 23. Scaur. de orth. (VII) 154, 15), zB. Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 1252; 2, 4514; 3, 536 u. 3.; in Handschriften, s. Ribbeck, Prolegg. Verg. p. 396. Wagner Orthogr. Verg. p. 426.
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11 sub
sŭb (on the form sus from subs v. infra, III.), prep. with acc. and abl. [perh. for es-ub, ens-ub, = ens (eis) and hupo; Sanscr. upa; cf. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 290], under.I.With abl., to point out the object under which a thing is situated or takes place (Gr. hupo, with dat. or gen.), under, below, beneath, underneath.A.Of space:2.si essent, qui sub terrā semper habitavissent... nec tamen exissent umquam supra terram,
Cic. N. D. 2, 37, 95; Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 72:sub aquā,
id. Cas. 2, 6, 28:sub vestimentis,
id. Ep. 2, 2, 32; Liv. 1, 58; cf.: saepe est sub palliolo sordido sapientia, Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 23, 56:ingenium ingens Inculto latet hoc sub corpore,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 34:sub pellibus hiemare,
Caes. B. C. 3, 13, 5; cf. Liv. 23, 18, 15:manet sub Jove frigido Venator,
Hor. C. 1, 1, 25:sub divo moreris,
id. ib. 2, 3, 23:vitam sub divo agat,
id. ib. 3, 2, 5 (v. divus, II.):sub terrā vivi demissi sunt,
Liv. 22, 57:sub hoc jugo dictator Aequos misit,
id. 3, 28, 11:pone (me) sub curru nimium propinqui Solis,
Hor. C. 1, 22, 21 et saep.— Trop.:non parvum sub hoc verbo furtum latet,
Cic. Agr. 3, 3, 12.—Transf., of lofty objects, at the foot of which, or in whose immediate neighborhood, any thing is situated, under, below, beneath, at the foot of, at, by, near, before:B.sub monte consedit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 48; so,sub monte considere,
id. ib. 1, 21:sub colle constituere,
id. ib. 7, 49:sub montis radicibus esse,
id. ib. 7, 36 al.:sub ipsis Numantiae moenibus,
Cic. Rep. 1, 11, 17:est ager sub urbe,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 107; so,sub urbe,
Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 26; Varr. R. R. 1, 50, 2; Hor. C. 3, 19, 4:sub Veteribus,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 19:sub Novis,
Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 266 Orell. N. cr.; id. Ac. 2, 22, 70 Goer. N. cr.; cf. Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.:sub basilicā,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 11 et saep.— Trop.:sub oculis domini suam probare operam studebant,
Caes. B. C. 1, 57 fin.:omnia sub oculis erant,
Liv. 4, 28; cf. Vell. 2, 21, 3:classem sub ipso ore urbis incendit,
Flor. 2, 15.—Of time, in, within, during, at, by:C.ne sub ipsā profectione milites oppidum irrumperent,
Caes. B. C. 1, 27:sub decessu suo,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 49:sub luce,
Ov. M. 1, 494; Hor. A. P. 363; Liv. 25, 24:sub eodem tempore,
Ov. F. 5, 491:sub somno,
Cels. 3, 18 med. al.—In other relations, where existence under or in the immediate vicinity of any thing may be conceived.1.Under, in rank or order; hence, next to, immediately after: Euryalumque Helymus sequitur;2.quo deinde sub ipso Ecce volat calcemque terit jam calce Diores,
Verg. A. 5, 322.—In gen., of subjection, domination, stipulation, influence, effect, reason, etc., under, beneath, with:3.omnes ordine sub signis ducam legiones meas,
under my standards, Plaut. Ps. 2, 4, 71: sub armis vitam cernere, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 6, § 81 Müll. (Trag. v. 297 Vahl.); so,sub armis,
Caes. B. C. 1, 41; 1, 42:sub sarcinis,
id. B. G. 2, 17; 3, 24:sub onere,
id. B. C. 1, 66 et saep.—Trop., under, subject to, in the power of; during, in the time of, upon, etc.:II.sub Veneris regno vapulo, non sub Jovis,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 13:sub regno esse,
Cic. Rep. 1, 38, 60:sub imperio alicujus esse,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 2, 4:sub dicione atque imperio alicujus esse,
Caes. B. G. 1, 31; Auct. B. Alex. 66, 6; Sall. J. 13, 1; Nep. Con. 4, 4; id. Eum. 7, 1; cf.:sub Corbulone Armenios pellere,
Tac. H. 3, 24: sub manu alicujus esse, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 2;sub rege,
Cic. Rep. 2, 23, 43; Hor. C. 3, 5, 9:sub Hannibale,
Liv. 25, 40:sub dominā meretrice,
Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 25:sub nutrice,
id. ib. 2, 1, 99:sub judice lis est,
id. A. P. 78:praecipua sub Domitiano miseriarum pars erat,
during the reign of, Tac. Agr. 45:scripsit sub Nerone novissimis annis,
Plin. Ep. 3, 5, 5:gnarus sub Nerone temporum,
Tac. Agr. 6; Suet. Tit. 8 et saep.:sub vulnere,
from the effects of the wound, Ov. M. 5, 62; cf.:sub judice,
under, id. ib. 13, 190:nullo sub indice,
forced by no betrayer, id. ib. 13, 34.—So in certain phrases where the simple abl. is more freq.:sub pacto abolitionis dominationem deponere,
Quint. 9, 2, 97:sub condicione,
Liv. 6, 40, 8 Weissenb. ad loc.:sub condicionibus,
id. 21, 12, 4:sub eā condicione, ne cui fidem meam obstringam,
Plin. Ep. 4, 13, 11:sub eā condicione, si esset, etc.,
id. ib. 8, 18, 4; so,sub condicione, ut (ne, si, etc.),
Suet. Tib. 44; 13; id. Caes. 68; id. Claud. 24; id. Vit. 6:sub specie (= specie, or per speciem): sub specie infidae pacis quieti,
Liv. 9, 45, 5; 36, 7, 12; 44, 24, 4:sub tutelae specie,
Curt. 10, 6, 21; Sen. Ben. 1, 4, 2; cf.:sub nomine pacis bellum latet,
Cic. Phil. 12, 7, 17:sub alienis auspiciis rem gerere,
Val. Max. 3, 2, 6:sub lege, ne,
Suet. Aug. 21:sub exceptione, si,
id. Caes. 78:sub poenā mortis,
id. Calig. 48:servitutis,
id. Tib. 36 et saep.:sub frigido sudore mori,
Cels. 5, 26, 31 fin. —With acc., to point out the object under which a thing comes, goes, extends, etc. (Gr. hupo, with acc.), under, below, beneath.A.Of space, usually with verbs of motion:2.et datores et factores omnes subdam sub solum,
Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 18:manum sub vestimenta deferre,
id. Bacch. 3, 3, 78:cum tota se luna sub orbem solis subjecisset,
Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25:exercitum sub jugum mittere,
Caes. B. G. 1, 7; 1, 12; Sall. J. 38, 9 Dietsch ad loc.:sub furcam ire,
Hor. S. 2, 7, 66:sub divum rapere,
id. C. 1, 18, 13:sub terras ire,
Verg. A. 4, 654. — Trop.:sub judicium sapientis et delectum cadunt,
Cic. Fin. 3, 18, 61:quae sub sensus subjecta sunt,
id. Ac. 2, 23, 74:quod sub aurium mensuram aliquam cadat,
id. Or. 20, 67:columbae Ipsa sub ora viri venere,
Verg. A. 6, 191:quod sub oculos venit,
Sen. Ben. 1, 5, 6.—Rarely with verb of rest:quidquid sub Noton et Borean hominum sumus,
Luc. 7, 364.—Transf. (cf. supra, I. A. 2.), of lofty objects, to the foot of which, or into whose immediate neighborhood, any thing comes, or near to which it extends, under, below, beneath, to, near to, close to, up to, towards, etc.:B.sub montem succedunt milites,
Caes. B. C. 1, 45:sub ipsum murum fons aquae prorumpebat,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 41:missi sunt sub muros,
Liv. 44, 45:Judaei sub ipsos muros struxere aciem,
Tac. H. 5, 11; 3, 21:aedes suas detulit sub Veliam,
Cic. Rep. 2, 31, 54:arat finem sub utrumque colonus,
Hor. S. 2, 1, 35:jactatus amnis Ostia sub Tusci,
id. ib. 2, 2, 33:(hostem) mediam ferit ense sub alvum,
Ov. M. 12, 389:sub orientem secutus Armenios,
Flor. 3, 5.—Of time, denoting a close approximation.1.Before, towards, about, shortly before, up to, until:2.Pompeius sub noctem naves solvit,
Caes. B. C. 1, 28; so,sub noctem,
Verg. A. 1, 662; Hor. C. 1, 9, 19; id. S. 2, 1, 9; 2, 7, 109; id. Ep. 2, 2, 169:sub vesperum,
Caes. B. G. 2, 33; id. B. C. 1, 42:sub lucem,
id. B. G. 7, 83; Verg. G. 1, 445:sub lumina prima,
Hor. S. 2, 7, 33:sub tempus edendi,
id. Ep. 1, 16, 22:sub dies festos,
Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 1, 1:sub galli cantum,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 10:usque sub extremum brumae intractabilis imbrem,
Verg. G. 1, 211:simulacra Visa sub obscurum noctis,
id. ib. 1, 478:prima vel autumni sub frigora,
id. ib. 2, 321:quod (bellum) fuit sub recentem pacem,
Liv. 21, 2, 1.—After, immediately after, just after, immediately upon:C.sub eas (litteras) statim recitatae sunt tuae,
Cic. Fam. 10, 16, 1; cf. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 4, 4:sub haec dicta omnes procubuerunt,
Liv. 7, 31:sub adventum praetoris,
id. 23, 15, 1; 23, 16, 3; 45, 10, 10:sub hanc vocem fremitus variantis multitudinis fuit,
id. 35, 31:sub hoc erus inquit,
hereupon, Hor. S. 2, 8, 43.—In other relations, in which a coming under any thing may be conceived:III.lepide hoc succedit sub manus negotium,
comes to hand, convenient, Plaut. Mil. 3, 2, 59:sub manus succedere,
id. ib. 4, 4, 7; id. Pers. 4, 1, 2: sub manum submittere, at hand, convenient, Auct. B. Afr. 36, 1:sub ictum venire,
Liv. 27, 18:sub manum annuntiari,
Suet. Aug. 49 (al. sub manu; cf.supra, I. C.): sub legum et judiciorum potestatem cadere,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 55, § 144:sub populi Romani imperium dicionemque cadere,
id. Font. 5, 12 (1, 2):incolas sub potestatem Atheniensium redigere,
Nep. Milt. 1:matrimonium vos sub legis superbissimae vincula conicitis,
Liv. 4, 4:sub unum fortunae ictum totas vires regni cadere pati,
Curt. 3, 8, 2.—In composition, the b remains unchanged before vowels and before b, d, j, l, n, s, t, v. Before m and r it is frequently, and before the remaining consonants, c, f, g, p, it is regularly assimilated. Yet here the MSS. vary, as in ob, ad, in, etc. Before some words commencing with c. p, t, it assumes the form sus, by the rejection of the b from a collateral form subs (analog. to abs); e. g. suscipio, suscito, suspendo, sustineo, sustuli, sustollo. Before s, with a following consonant, there remains merely su in the words suspicio, suspicor, suspiro; cf., however: substerno, substituo, substo, substruo al.; v. esp. Neue, Formenl. 2, 775 sqq.—B.In composition, sub denotes,1.Lit., a being situated or contained under, a putting or bringing under, or a going in under any thing: subaeratus, subcavus; subdo, subigo, subicio; subhaereo, subaperio; subedo.—2.Hence, also, a concealing or being concealed behind something; a secret action: subnoto, surripio, suffuror, subausculto, suborno. —3. -
12 volo
1.vŏlo (2 d pers. sing. vis, orig. veis, Prisc. 9, 1, 6, p. 847 P.; 1 st pers. plur. volumus, but volimus, Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 89 Speng.; 3 d pers. sing. volt, and 2 d pers. plur. voltis always in ante-class. writers;I.also volt,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 17, § 42; 2, 5, 49, § 128; id. Sest. 42, 90; id. Phil. 8, 9, 26; id. Par. 5, 1, 34; id. Rep. 3, 33, 45:voltis,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 53, § 122; 2, 3, 94, § 219; 2, 5, 5, § 11; 2, 3, 89, § 208; id. Clu. 30, 83; id. Rab. Perd. 12, 33; id. Sest. 30, 64; id. Par. 1, 2, 11 et saep. — Pres. subj. velim, but sometimes volim, Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 44 Ritschl; cf. Prisc. 9, 1, 8, p. 848 P.;so volint,
Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 65 Ritschl), velle, volui ( part. fut. voliturus, Serv. ad Verg. A. 5, 712; contr. forms, vin for visne, freq. in Plaut. and Ter., also Hor. S. 1, 9, 69; Pers. 6, 63:sis for si vis,
Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 70; id. Merc. 4, 4, 37; id. Pers. 3, 3, 8; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 20; id. Heaut. 1, 2, 38; Cic. Tusc. 2, 18, 42; id. Rosc. Am. 16, 48; id. Mil. 22, 60; Liv. 34, 32, 20:sultis for si voltis, only ante-class.,
Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 8; id. As. prol. 1; id. Capt. 2, 3, 96; 3, 5, 9; 4, 4, 11), v. irreg. a. [Sanscr. var-; Gr. bol-, boulomai; cf. the strengthened root Wel- in eeldomai, elpomai; Germ. wollen; Engl. will], expressing any exercise of volition, and corresponding, in most cases, to the Germ. wollen; in Engl. mostly rendered, to wish, want, intend, purpose, propose, be willing, consent, mean, will, and, impersonally, it is my will, purpose, intention, plan, policy (syn.: cupio, opto; but volo properly implies a purpose).In gen.A.With object-infinitive.1.With pres. inf.a.To wish.(α).Exire ex urbe priusquam luciscat volo, Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 35:(β).potare ego hodie tecum volo,
id. Aul. 3, 6, 33:ego quoque volo esse liber: nequiquam volo,
id. Trin. 2, 4, 39; so id. ib. 2, 4, 164:ait rem seriam agere velle mecum,
Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 8:natus enim debet quicunque est velle manere In vita,
Lucr. 5, 177:video te alte spectare et velle in caelum migrare,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 34, 82:quid poetae? Nonne post mortem nobilitari volunt?
id. ib. 1, 15, 34:si innocentes existimari volumus,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 10, § 28:quoniam opinionis meae voluistis esse participes,
id. de Or. 1, 37, 172:quod eas quoque nationes adire et regiones cognoscere volebat,
Caes. B. G. 3, 7:si velit suos recipere, obsides sibi remittat,
id. ib. 3, 8 fin.:dominari illi volunt, vos liberi esse,
Sall. J. 31, 23:si haec relinquere voltis,
id. C. 58, 15:priusquam liberi estis, dominari jam in adversarios vultis,
Liv. 3, 53, 7:si quis vestrum suos invisere volt, commeatum do,
id. 21, 21, 5:non enim vincere tantum noluit, sed vinci voluit,
id. 2, 59, 2:suspitionem Caesar quibusdam reliquit, neque voluisse se diutius vivere, neque curasse,
Suet. Caes. 85:Eutrapelus cuicunque nocere volebat, Vestimenta dabat pretiosa,
Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 31.—Idiomatically: quid arbitramini Rheginos merere velle ut ab iis marmorea illa Venus auferatur? what do you think the Rhegini would take for, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 60, § 135.—(γ).Transf., of things: fabula quae posci vult et spectata reponi, a comedy which wishes (i. e. is meant) to be in demand, etc., Hor. A. P. 190:b.neque enim aut hiare semper vocalibus aut destitui temporibus volunt sermo atque epistula,
Quint. 9, 4, 20; cf. id. 8, prooem. 23.—Of the wishes of those that have a right to command, the gods, masters, parents, commanders, etc., I want, wish, will, am resolved, it is my will:c.in acdibus quid tibi meis erat negoti...? Volo scire,
Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 14; 3, 2, 17; 3, 2, 18; 3, 6, 27; id. Curc. 4, 3, 11; id. Ep. 3, 4, 74; id. Mil. 2, 3, 74; 3, 1, 17; id. Stich. 1, 2, 56; Ter. And. 1, 2, 9; 4, 2, 17:maxima voce clamat populus, neque se uni, nec paucis velle parere,
Cic. Rep. 1, 35, 55:consuesse deos immortalis, quos pro scelere eorum ulcisci velint, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 13:hic experiri vim virtutemque volo,
Liv. 23, 45, 9.—= in animo habere, to intend, purpose, mean, design:d.ac volui inicere tragulam in nostrum senem,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 4, 14:eadem quae illis voluisti facere tu, faciunt tibi,
id. Mil. 3, 1, 11; so id. Most. 2, 2, 5:puerumque clam voluit exstinguere,
Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 23:necare candem voluit,
Cic. Cael. 13, 31: quid enim ad illum qui te captare vult, utrum [p. 2005] tacentem te irretiat an loquentem? id. Ac. 2, 29, 94:hostis hostem occidere volui,
Liv. 2, 12, 9; 7, 34, 11: volui interdiu eum... occidere; volui, cum ad cenam invitavi, veneno scilicet tollere;volui... ferro interficere (ironically),
id. 40, 13, 2:tuum crimen erit, hospitem occidere voluisse,
the intention to kill your guest-friend, Val. Max. 5, 1, 3 fin.; 6, 1, 8:non enim vult mori, sed invidiam filio facere,
Quint. 9, 2, 85.—Pregn., opp. optare: non vult mori qui optat,
Sen. Ep. 117, 24:sed eo die is, cui dare volueram (epistulam), non est profectus,
Cic. Att. 9, 7, 1:cum de senectute vellem aliquid scribere,
id. Sen. 1, 2:ego te volui castigare, tu mihi accussatrix ades,
Plaut. As. 3, 1, 10:bonus volo jam ex hoc die esse,
id. Pers. 4, 3, 10:ego jam a principio amici filiam, Ita ut aequom fuerat, volui uxorem ducere,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 46:at etiam eo negotio M. Catonis splendorem maculare voluerunt,
it was their purpose, Cic. Sest. 28, 60:eum (tumulum) non tam capere sine certamine volebat, quam causam certaminis cum Minucio contrahere,
his plan was, Liv. 22, 28, 4.—Of things:cum lex venditionibus occurrere voluit,
when it was the purpose of the law, Dig. 46, 1, 46: sed quid ea drachuma facere vis? Ca. Restim volo Mihi emere... qui me faciam pensilem, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 87: Ch. Revorsionem ad terram faciunt vesperi. Ni. Aurum hercle auferre voluere, id. Bacch. 2, 3, 63:si iis qui haec omnia flamma ac ferro delere voluerunt... bellum indixi, etc.,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 10, 24:(plebem) per caedem senatus vacuam rem publicam tradere Hannibali velle,
Liv. 23, 2, 7:rem Nolanam in jus dicionemque dare voluerat Poeno,
id. 23, 15, 9: qui (majores nostri) tanta cura Siculos tueri ac retinere voluerunt ut, etc., whose policy it was to protect, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 6, § 14:ut qui a principio mitis omnibus Italicis praeter Romanos videri vellet, etc.,
Liv. 23, 15, 4: idem istuc, si in vilitate largiri voluisses, derisum tuum beneficium esset, if you had offered to grant the same thing during low prices, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 92, § 215.—= studere, conari, to try, endeavor, attempt:e.quas (i. e. magnas res) qui impedire vult, is et infirmus est mobilisque natura, et, etc.,
Cic. Lael. 20, 75:nam si quando id (exordium) primum invenire volui, nullum mihi occurrit, nisi aut exile, aut, etc.,
id. Or. 2, 77, 315:de Antonio dico, numquam illum... nonnullorum de ipso suspitionem infitiando tollere voluisse,
that he never attempted to remove, id. Sest. 3, 8; id. Div. 1, 18, 35:audes Fatidicum fallere velle deum?
do you dare attempt? Ov. F. 2, 262.—To mean, of actions and expressions:f.hic respondere voluit, non lacessere,
the latter meant to answer, not to provoke, Ter. Phorm. prol. 19:non te judices urbi sed carceri reservarunt, neque to retinere in civitate, sed exilio privare voluerunt,
Cic. Att. 1, 16, 9.—So, volo dicere, I mean (lit. I intend to say):quid aliud volui dicere?
Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 51:volo autem dicere, illud homini longe optimum esse quod ipsum sit optandum per se,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 20, 46.—Often with the acc. illud or id, as a correction: Tr. Specta quam arcte dormiunt. Th. Dormiunt? Tr. Illut quidem ut conivent volui dicere, I mean how they nod, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 145: Py. Quid? bracchium? Ar. Illud dicere volui femur, id. Mil. 1, 1, 27:adduxi volui dicere,
id. Ps. 2, 4, 21; id. Am. 1, 1, 233; 1, 1, 235; id. Cas. 2, 6, 14; id. Mil. 3, 2, 7; id. Ps. 3, 2, 54; id. Rud. 2, 4, 9.—To be going to: haec argumenta ego aedificiis dixi; nunc etiam volo docere ut homines aedium esse similes arbitremini, now I am going to show how, etc., Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 37: quando bene gessi rem, volo hic in fano supplicare, I am going to worship here, etc., id. Curc. 4, 2, 41:g.nunc quod relicuom restat volo persolvere,
id. Cist. 1, 3, 40:sustine hoc, Penicule, exuvias facere quas vovi volo,
id. Men. 1, 3, 13:sinite me prospectare ne uspiam insidiae sint, consilium quod habere volumus,
id. Mil. 3, 1, 3; id. As. 2, 2, 113; id. Cas. 4, 2, 3; id. Bacch. 1, 1, 61:si Prometheus, cum mortalibus ignem dividere vellet, ipse a vicinis carbunculos conrogaret, ridiculus videretur,
Auct. Her. 4, 6, 9:ait se velle de illis HS. LXXX. cognoscere,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 23, § 56:hinc se recipere cum vellent, rursus illi ex loco superiore nostros premebant,
Caes. B. C. 1, 45. —To be about to, on the point of: quom mittere signum Volt, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107 (Ann. v. 88 Vahl.):h.quotiens ire volo foras, retines me, rogitas quo ego eam,
Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 5:quae sese in ignem inicere voluit, prohibui,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 113:si scires aspidem latere uspiam, et velle aliquem imprudentem super eam adsidere,
Cic. Fin. 2, 18, 59; id. Div. 1, 52, 118:quod cum facere vellent, intervenit M. Manilius,
id. Rep. 1, 12, 18:qui cum opem ferre vellet, nuntiatum sibi esse aliam classem ad Aegates insulas stare,
Liv. 22, 56, 7:at Libys obstantes dum vult obvertere remos, In spatium resilire manus breve vidit,
Ov. M. 3, 676; 1, 635:P. Claudius cum proelium navale committere vellet,
Val. Max. 1, 4, 3.—Will, and in oblique discourse and questions would, the auxiliaries of the future and potential: animum advortite: Comediai nomen dari vobis volo, I will give you, etc., Plaut. Cas. prol. 30:k.sed, nisi molestum est, nomen dare vobis volo comediai,
id. Poen. prol. 50:vos ite intro. Interea ego ex hac statua verberea volo erogitare... quid sit factum,
id. Capt. 5, 1, 30:i tu atque arcessi illam: ego intus quod facto est opus volo adcurare,
id. Cas. 3, 3, 35; id. Cist. 1, 1, 113; id. Most. 1, 1, 63; id. Poen. 2, 44; id. Pers. 1, 3, 85; id. Rud. 1, 2, 33: cum vero (gemitus) nihil imminuat doloris, cur frustra turpes esse volumus? why will ( would) we be disgraceful to no purpose? Cic. Tusc. 2, 24, 57:illa enim (ars) te, verum si loqui volumus, ornaverat,
id. ib. 1, 47, 112:ergo, si vere aestimare volumus, etc.,
Val. Max. 7, 5, 6:si vere aestimare Macedonas, qui tunc erant, volumus,
Curt. 4, 16, 33:ejus me compotem facere potestis, si meminisse vultis, etc.,
Liv. 7, 40, 5:visne igitur, dum dies ista venit... interea tu ipse congredi mecum ut, etc....?
id. 8, 7, 7:volo tibi Chrysippi quoque distinctionem indicare,
Sen. Ep. 9, 14: vis tu homines urbemque feris praeponere silvis? will you prefer, etc., Hor. S. 2, 6, 92; cf. velim and vellem, would, II. A. 2.—Sometimes volui = mihi placuit, I resolved, concluded (generally, in this meaning, followed by an infinitive clause, v. I. B. 4.):1.uti tamen tuo consilio volui,
still I concluded to follow your advice, Cic. Att. 8, 3, 1.—To be willing, ready, to consent, like to do something: si sine bello velint rapta... tradere... se exercitum domum reducturum, if they were willing, would consent to, would deliver, etc., Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 52:m.is dare volt, is se aliquid posci,
likes to give, id. As. 1, 3, 29:hoc dixit, si hoc de cella concederetur, velle Siculos senatui polliceri frumentum in cellam gratis,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 87, § 200:ei laxiorem daturos, si venire ad causam dicendam vellet,
Liv. 39, 17, 2; 5, 36, 4: nemo invenitur qui pecuniam suam dividere velit. Sen. Brev. Vit. 3, 1:plerique concessam sibi sub condicione vitam si militare adversus eum vellent, recusarunt,
Suet. Caes. 68:dedere etiam se volebant, si toleranda viris imperarentur,
Flor. 1, 33 (2, 18), 12.—So with negatives, to be not willing, not to suffer, not to like, not to allow, refuse:heri nemo voluit Sostratam intro admittere,
Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 49:cum alter verum audire non vult,
Cic. Lael. 26, 98: a proximis quisque minime anteiri vult, likes least to be surpassed, etc., Liv. 6, 34, 7:nihil ex his praeter... accipere voluit,
refused to accept, Val. Max. 4, 3, 4.—To do something voluntarily or intentionally: volo facere = mea voluntate or sponte facio: si voluit accusare, pietati tribuo;n.si jussus est, necessitati,
if he accused of his own free will, I ascribe it to his filial love, Cic. Cael. 1, 2:utrum statuas voluerint tibi statuere, an coacti sint,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 65, § 157:de risu quinque sunt quae quaerantur... sitne oratoris risum velle permovere,
on purpose, id. Or. 2, 58, 235:laedere numquam velimus,
Quint. 6, 3, 28.—So, non velle with inf., to do something unwillingly, with reluctance:vivere noluit qui mori non vult,
who dies with reluctance, Sen. Ep. 30, 10.—To be of opinion, think, mean, pretend (rare with inf.; usu. with acc. and inf.; v. B. 8.):o.haec tibi scripsi ut isto ipso in genere in quo aliquid posse vis, te nihil esse cognosceres,
in which you imagine you have some influence, Cic. Fam. 7, 27, 2:in hoc homo luteus etiam callidus ac veterator esse vult, quod ita scribit, etc.,
pretends, means to be, id. Verr. 2, 3, 14, § 35: sed idem Aelius Stoicus esse voluit, orator autem nec studuit um quam, nec fuit, id. Brut. 56, 206:Pythago. ras, qui etiam ipse augur esse vellet,
id. Div. 1, 3, 5.—To like, have no objection to, approve of (cf. E. 1. sq.):2.magis eum delectat qui se ait philosophari velle sed paucis: nam omnino haud placere,
that he liked, had no objection to philosophizing, Cic. Rep. 1, 18, 30; v. also II. A.—With pres. inf. understood.a.Supplied from a preceding or subsequent clause.(α).To wish, it is his will, etc. (cf. 1. a. and b. supra):(β).nunc bene vivo et fortunate atque ut volo, i. e. vivere,
as I wish, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 111: quod diu vivendo multa quae non volt (i. e. videre) videt, Caecil. ap. Cic. Sen. 8, 25:proinde licet quotvis vivendo condere saecla,
Lucr. 3, 1090:nec tantum proficiebam quantum volebam,
Cic. Att. 1, 17, 1:tot autem rationes attulit, ut velle (i. e. persuadere) ceteris, sibi certe persuasisse videatur,
id. Tusc. 1, 21, 49:sed liceret, si velint, in Ubiorum finibus considere,
Caes. B. G. 4, 81:quo praesidio senatus libere quae vellet decernere auderet,
id. B. C. 1, 2.—Of things:neque chorda sonum reddit quem vult manus et mens,
Hor. A. P. 348.—To choose, be pleased (freq.):(γ).tum mihi faciat quod volt magnus Juppiter,
Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 50:id repetundi copia est, quando velis,
id. Trin. 5, 2, 7:habuit aurum quamdiu voluit,
Cic. Cael. 13, 31:rapiebat et asportabat quantum a quoque volebat Apronius,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 12, § 29:provincias quas vellet, quibus vellet, venderet?
id. Sest. 39, 84:quotiens ille tibi potestatem facturus sit ut eligas utrum velis,
id. Div. in Caecil. 14, 45:daret utrum vellet subclamatum est,
Liv. 21, 18, 14:senatus consultum factum est ut plebes praeficeret quaestioni quem vellet,
id. 4, 51, 2:saxi materiaeque caedendae unde quisque vellet jus factum,
id. 5, 55, 3; cf. id. 2, 13, 9; 5, 46, 10; 6, 25, 5; 22, 10, 23; 23, 6, 2; 23, 15, 15; 23, 45, 10; 23, 47, 2;26, 21, 11: vicem suam conquestus, quod sibi soli non liceret amicis, quatenus vellet, irasci,
Suet. Aug. 66:at tu quantum vis tolle,
Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 16.—To intend, it is my purpose, etc. (v. 1. c. supra):(δ).sine me pervenire quo volo,
let me come to my point, Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 44:scripsi igitur Aristotelio more, quemadmodum quidem volui, tres libros... de Oratore,
as I intended, Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 23:ut meliore condicione quam qua ipse vult imitetur homines eos qui, etc.,
id. Div. in Caecil. 8, 25:ego istos posse vincere scio, velle ne scirem ipsi fecerunt,
Liv. 2, 45, 12. —To be willing, to consent, I will (v. 1. h. and l. supra): tu eum orato... St. Sane volo, yes, I will, Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 57:(ε).jube me vinciri. Volo, dum istic itidem vinciatur,
id. Capt. 3, 4, 75:patri dic velle (i. e. uxorem ducere),
that you consent, are willing, Ter. And. 2, 3, 20 (cf.: si vis, II. A. 2, and sis, supra init.).—To do something voluntarily (v. 1. m. supra):b.tu selige tantum, Me quoque velle velis, anne coactus amem,
Ov. Am. 3, 11, 50.—With ellipsis of inf.(α).Volo, with a designation of place, = ire volo:(β).nos in Formiano morabamur, quo citius audiremus: deinde Arpinum volebamus,
I intended to go to Arpinum, Cic. Att. 9, 1, 3:volo mensi Quinctili in Graeciam,
id. ib. 14, 7, 2:hactenus Vitellius voluerat (i. e. procedere),
Tac. A. 12, 42 fin. —With other omissions, supplied from context: volo Dolabellae valde desideranti, non reperio quid (i. e. to dedicate some writing to him), Cic. Att. 13, 13, 2.—(γ).In mal. part., Plaut. Aul. 2, 4, 7; Ov. Am. 2, 4, 16; 2. 19, 2; Prop. 1, 13, 36.—3.With perfect infinitive active (rare).a.In negative imperative sentences dependent on ne velis, ne velit (in oblique discourse also ne vellet), where ne velis has the force of noli. The perfect infinitive emphatically represents the action as completed (ante-class. and poet.).(α).In ancient ordinances of the Senate and of the higher officers (not in laws proper): NEIQVIS EORVM BACANAL HABVISE VELET... BACAS VIR NEQVIS ADIESE VELET CEIVIS ROMANVS... NEVE PECVNIAM QVISQVAM EORVM COMOINEM HABVISE VELET... NEVE... QVIQVAM FECISE VELET. NEVE INTER SED CONIOVRASE, NEVE COMVOVISE NEVE CONSPONDISE, etc., S. C. de Bacch. 4-13 ap. Wordsworth, Fragm. and Spec. p. 172.—So, in quoting such ordinances: per totam Italiam edicta mitti ne quis qui Bacchis initiatus esset, coisse aut convenisse causa sacrorum velit. [p. 2006] neu quid talis rei divinae fecisse, Liv. 39, 14, 8:(β).edixerunt ne quis quid fugae causa vendidisse neve emisse vellet,
id. 39, 17, 3. —In imitation of official edicts: (vilicus) ne quid emisse velit insciente domino, neu quid domino celasse velit, the overseer must not buy any thing, etc., Cato, R. R. 5, 4:b.interdico, ne extulisse extra aedis puerum usquam velis,
Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 48:oscula praecipue nulla dedisse velis (= noli dare),
Ov. Am. 1, 4, 38:ne quis humasse velit Ajacem, Atride, vetas? Cur?
Hor. S. 2, 3, 187.—In affirmative sentences, implying command (in any mood or tense; mostly poet.): neminem nota strenui aut ignavi militis notasse volui, I have decided to mark no one, etc., Liv. 24, 16, 11: quia pepercisse vobis volunt, committere vos cur pereatis non patiuntur, because they have decided to spare you, etc., id. 32, 21, 33:c.sunt delicta tamen quibus ignovisse velimus (= volumus),
which should be pardoned, Hor. A. P. 347.—To represent the will as referring to a completed action.(α).In optative sentences with vellem or velim, v. II. B. 5. b. a, and II. C. 1. b.—(β).In other sentences ( poet. and post-class.): ex omnibus praediis ex quibus non hac mente recedimus ut omisisse possessionem velimus, with the will to abandon (omittere would denote the purpose to give up at some future time), Dig. 43, 16, 1, § 25; so,B.an erit qui velle recuset Os populi meruisse?
Pers. 1, 41:qui me volet incurvasse querela,
id. 1, 91.With acc. and inf.1.To wish (v. A. 1. a.).a.With a different subject: hoc volo scire te: Perditus sum miser, I wish you to know, etc., Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 46:b.deos volo consilia vostra vobis recte vortere,
id. Trin. 5, 2, 31:emere oportet quem tibi oboedire velis,
id. Pers. 2, 4, 2:scin' quid nunc te facere volo?
Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 85:si perpetuam vis esse adfinitatem hanc,
id. Hec. 2, 2, 10:consul ille egit eas res quarum me participem esse voluit,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 17, 41:vim volumus exstingui: jus valeat necesse est,
id. Sest. 42, 92:nec mihi hunc errorem extorqueri volo,
id. Sen. 23, 85:hoc te scire volui,
id. Att. 7, 18, 4:harum causarum fuit justissima quod Germanos suis quoque rebus timere voluit,
Caes. B. G. 4, 16:ut equites qui salvam esse rempublicam vellent ex equis desilirent,
Liv. 4, 38, 2:si me vivere vis recteque videre valentem,
Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 3:si vis me flere, dolendum est Primum ipsi tibi,
id. A. P. 102.—With pass. inf. impers.:regnari tamen omnes volebant,
that there should be a king, Liv. 1, 17, 3:mihi volo ignosci,
I wish to be pardoned, Cic. Or. 1, 28, 130:volt sibi quisque credi,
Liv. 22, 22, 14. —With the same subject.(α).With inf. act.:(β).quae mihi est spes qua me vivere velim,
what hope have I, that I should wish to live? Plaut. Rud. 1, 3, 33:volo me placere Philolachi,
id. Most. 1, 3, 11; cf. id. Trin. 2, 2, 47; id. Rud. 2, 6, 1:judicem esse me, non doctorem volo,
Cic. Or. 33, 117:vult, credo, se esse carum suis,
id. Sen. 20, 73; so id. Off. 1, 31, 113; id. de Or. 1, 24, 112; 2, 23, 95. —With inf. pass.:2.quod certiorem te vis fieri quo quisque in me animo sit,
Cic. Att. 11, 13, 1; cf. id. Fam. 1, 9, 18:qui se ex his minus timidos existimari volebant,
Caes. B. G. 1, 39; cf. id. B. C. 2, 29:religionis se causa... Bacchis initiari velle,
Liv. 39, 10, 2:Agrippae se nepotem neque credi neque dici volebat,
Suet. Calig. 22 fin. —Of the will of superiors, gods, etc. (cf. A. 1. b. supra), I want, it is my will:3.me absente neminem volo intromitti,
Plaut. Aul. 1, 3, 21:viros nostros quibus tu voluisti esse nos matres familias,
id. Stich. 1, 2, 41; id. Most. 1, 4, 2; id. Rud. 4, 5, 9; id. Trin. 1, 2, 1:pater illum alterum (filium) secum omni tempore volebat esse,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 15, 42:(deus) quinque reliquis motibus orbem esse voluit expertem,
id. Univ. 10; cf. id. Sest. 69, 147; id. Verr. 2, 4, 25, § 57; 1, 5, 14:causa mittendi fuit quod iter per Alpes... patefieri volebat,
Caes. B. G. 3, 1; cf. id. ib. 5, 9; id. B. C. 1, 4:quippe (senatus) foedum hominem a republica procul esse volebat,
Sall. C. 19, 2:nec (di) patefieri (crimina) ut impunita essent, sed ut vindicarentur voluerunt,
Liv. 39, 16, 11; cf. id. 1, 56, 3; 2, 28, 5; 25, 32, 6:senatus... Romano sanguini pudicitiam tutam esse voluit,
Val. Max. 6, 1, 9; cf. id. 6, 9, 2.—So in the historians: quid fieri vellet (velit), after a verbum imperandi or declarandi, he gave his orders, explained his will:quid fieri velit praecipit,
Caes. B. G. 5, 56:ibi quid fieri vellet imperabat,
id. ib. 7, 16:quid fieri vellet ostendit,
id. ib. 7, 27:quae fieri vellet edocuit,
id. B. C. 3, 108; cf. id. B. G. 7, 45; id. B. C. 3, 78; 3, 89:quid fieri vellet edixit,
Curt. 8, 10, 30; 4, 13, 24; Val. Max. 7, 4, 2.— Frequently majores voluerunt, it was the will of our ancestors, referring to ancient customs and institutions:sacra Cereris summa majores nostri religione confici caerimoniaque voluerunt,
Cic. Balb. 24, 55: majores vestri ne vos quidem temere coire voluerunt, cf. id. ib. 17, 39; 23, 54; id. Agr. 2, 11, 26; id. Fl. 7, 15; id. Imp. Pomp. 13, 39; id. Div. 1, 45, 103; id. Font. 24, 30 (10, 20); id. Rosc. Am. 25, 70.—Of testamentary dispositions: cum Titius, heres meus, mortuus erit, volo hereditatem meam ad P. Mevium pertinere, Gai Inst. 2, 277. Except in the institution of the first heir: at illa (institutio) non est comprobata: Titum heredem esse volo, Gai Inst. 2, 117. —Of the intention of a writer, etc., to want, to mean, intend:4.Asinariam volt esse (nomen fabulae) si per vos licet,
Plaut. As. prol. 12:Plautus hanc mihi gnatam esse voluit Inopiam,
has wanted Poverty to be my daughter, made her my daughter, id. Trin. prol. 9:primumdum huic esse nomen Diphilus Cyrenas voluit,
id. Rud. prol. 33:quae ipsi qui scripserunt voluerunt vulgo intellegi,
meant to be understood by all, Cic. Or. 2, 14, 60:si non hoc intellegi volumus,
id. Fat. 18, 41:quale intellegi vult Cicero cum dicit orationem suam coepisse canescere,
Quint. 11, 1, 31; so id. 9, 4, 82; 9, 3, 9:quamquam illi (Prometheo) quoque ferreum anulum dedit antiquitas vinculumque id, non gestamen, intellegi voluit,
Plin. 33, 1, 4, § 8.—To resolve:5.Siculi... me defensorem calamitatum suarum... esse voluerunt,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 4, 11:si a me causam hanc vos (judices) agi volueritis,
if you resolve, id. ib. 8, 25:senatus te voluit mihi nummos, me tibi frumentum dare,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 85, § 196:qua (statua) abjecta, basim tamen in foro manere voluerunt,
id. ib. 2, 2, 66, §160: liberam debere esse Galliam quam (senatus) suis legibus uti voluisset,
Caes. B. G. 1, 45:tu Macedonas tibi voluisti genua ponere, venerarique te ut deum,
Curt. 8 (7), 13.— Hence,To order, command: erus meus tibi me salutem multam voluit dicere, has ordered me, etc., Plaut. Ps. 4, 2, 25:6.montem quem a Labieno occupari voluerit,
which he had ordered to be occupied, Caes. B. G. 1, 22:ibi futuros esse Helvetios ubi eos Caesar... esse voluisset,
id. ib. 1, 13 (for velitis jubeatis with inf.-clause, v. II. B. 5. d.).—To consent, allow (cf. A. 1. I.):7.obtinuere ut (tribuni) tribuniciae potestatis vires salubres vellent reipublicae esse,
they prevailed upon them to permit the tribunitian power to be wholesome to the republic, Liv. 2, 44, 5:Hiero tutores... puero reliquit quos precatus est moriens ut juvenum suis potissimum vestigiis insistere vellent,
id. 24, 4, 5:petere ut eum... publicae etiam curae ac velut tutelae vellent esse (i. e. senatus),
id. 42, 19, 5:orare tribunos ut uno animo cum consulibus bellum ab urbe ac moenibus propulsari vellent,
id. 3, 69, 5:quam superesse causam Romanis cur non... incolumis Syracusas esse velint?
id. 25, 28, 8:si alter ex heredibus voluerit rem a legatario possideri, alter non, ei qui noluit interdictum competet,
Dig. 43, 3, 1, § 15.—So negatively = not to let, not to suffer:cum P. Attio agebant ne sua pertinacia omnium fortunas perturbari vellet,
Caes. B. C. 2, 36.—To be of opinion that something should be, to require, demand:8.voluisti enim in suo genere unumquemque... esse Roscium,
Cic. Or. 1, 61, 258: eos exercitus quos contra se multos jam annos aluerint velle dimitti, he demanded the disbanding of, etc., Caes. B. C. 1, 85:(Cicero) vult esse auctoritatem in verbis,
Quint. 8, 3, 43:vult esse Celsus aliquam et superiorem compositionem,
id. 9, 4, 137:si tantum irasci vis sapientem quantum scelerum indignitas exigit,
Sen. Ira, 2, 9, 4. —To be of opinion that something is or was, = censere, dicere, but implying that the opinion is erroneous or doubtful, usu. in the third pers., sometimes in the second.(α).To imagine, consider:(β).est genus hominum qui esse se primos omnium rerum volunt, Nec sunt,
Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 17:semper auget adsentator id quod is cujus ad voluntatem dicitur vult esse magnum,
Cic. Lael. 26, 98:si quis patricius, si quis—quod illi volunt invidiosius esse—Claudius diceret,
Liv. 6, 40, 13.—To be of opinion, to hold:(γ).vultis, opinor, nihil esse... in natura praeter ignem,
Cic. N. D. 3, 14, 36:volunt illi omnes... eadem condicione nasci,
id. Div. 2, 44, 93:vultis evenire omnia fato,
id. ib. 2, 9, 24:alteri censent, etc., alteri volunt a rebus fatum omne relegari,
id. Fat. 19, 45:vultis a dis immortalibus hominibus dispertiri somnia,
id. N. D. 3, 39, 93; id. Tusc. 1, 10, 20; id. Fin. 3, 11, 36; id. Rep. 2, 26, 48:volunt quidam... iram in pectore moveri effervescente circa cor sanguine,
Sen. Ira, 2, 19, 3.—To say, assert:(δ).si tam familiaris erat Clodiae quam tu esse vis,
as you say he is, Cic. Cael. 21, 53:sit sane tanta quanta tu illam esse vis,
id. Or. 1, 55, 23:ad pastum et ad procreandi voluptatem hoc divinum animal procreatum esse voluerunt: quo nihil mihi videtur esse absurdius,
id. Fin. 2, 13, 40; 2, 17, 55; 2, 42, 131; 2, 46, 142; id. Fat. 18, 41.—With perf. inf.:Rhodi ego non fui: me vult fuisse,
Cic. Planc. 34, 84.—To pretend, with perf. inf., both subjects denoting the same person:(ε).unde homines dum se falso terrore coacti Effugisse volunt, etc.,
Lucr. 3, 69 (cf. A. 1. n. supra).—To mean, with perf. inf.:(ζ).utrum scientem vultis contra foedera fecisse, an inscientem?
Cic. Balb. 5, 13.— With pres. inf.:quam primum istud, quod esse vis?
what do you mean by as soon as possible? Sen. Ep. 117, 24.—Rarely in the first pers., implying that the opinion is open to discussion:9.ut et mihi, quae ego vellem non esse oratoris, concederes,
what according to my opinion is not the orator's province, Cic. Or. 1, 17, 74.—In partic.a.With things as subjects.(α).Things personified:(β).ne res publica quidem haec pro se suscipi volet,
would have such things done for it, Cic. Off. 1, 45, 159:cui tacere grave sit, quod homini facillimum voluerit esse natura,
which nature willed should be easiest for man, Curt. 4, 6, 6: fortuna Q. Metellum... nasci in urbe terrarum principe voluit, fate ordained that, etc., Val. Max. 7, 1, 1: nihil rerum ipsa natura voluit magnum effici cito, it is the law of nature that, etc., Quint. 10, 3, 4:quid non ingenio voluit natura licere?
what license did nature refuse to genius? Mart. 8, 68, 9:me sine, quem semper voluit fortuna jacere,
Prop. 1, 6, 25:hanc me militiam fata subire volunt,
id. 1, 6, 30.—Of laws, to provide:b.duodecim tabulae nocturnum furem... interfici impune voluerunt,
Cic. Mil. 3, 9:lex duodecim tabularum tignum aedibus junctum... solvi prohibuit, pretiumque ejus dari voluit,
Dig. 46, 3, 98, § 8 fin. (cf. Cic. Div. in Caecil. 6, 21, b. a, infra).—With perf. pass. inf., to represent a state or result wished for.(α).The inf. being in full, with esse expressed: si umquam quemquam di immortales voluere esse auxilio adjutum, tum me et Calidorum servatum volunt, if it ever was the will of the gods that any one should be assisted, etc., Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 1: Corinthum patres vestri, totius Graeciae lumen, exstinctum esse voluerunt, it was their will that Corinth should be ( and remain) destroyed, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 11:(β).nostri... leges et jura tecta esse voluerunt,
id. Or. 1, 59, 253:propter eam partem epistulae tuae per quam te et mores tuos purgatos et probatos esse voluisti,
id. Att. 1, 17, 7; id. Fin. 4, 27, 76; id. de Or. 1, 51, 221:daturum se operam ne cujus suorum popularium mutatam secum fortunam esse vellent,
Liv. 21, 45, 6: for velle redundant in this construction, v. II. A. 2. 3. infra.—With pass. inf. impers.:sociis maxime lex consultum esse vult,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 6, 21.—With ellips. of esse (cf. Quint. 9, 3, 9): perdis me tuis dictis. Cu. Imo, servo et servatum volo, and mean that you should remain saved, Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 56:c.aunt qui volum te conventam,
who want to see you, id. Cist. 4, 2, 39:eidem homini, si quid recte cura tum velis, mandes,
if you want to have anything done well, id. As. 1, 1, 106:sed etiam est paucis vos quod monitos voluerim,
id. Capt. prol. 53: id nunc res indicium haeo [p. 2007] facit, quo pacto factum volueris, this shows now why you wished this to be done, Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 31 (cf. Plaut. Stich. 4, 2, 33; id. Aul. 3, 5, 30, II. B. 1, b, and II. B. 3. b. infra): domestica cura te levatum volo, I wish to see you relieved, etc., Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 9, 3:nulla sedes quo concurrant qui rem publicam defensam velint,
id. Att. 8, 3, 4:rex celatum voluerat (i. e. donum),
id. Verr. 2, 4, 28, § 64:Hannibal non Capuam neglectam, neque desertos volebat socios,
Liv. 25, 20, 5; 2, 15, 2; 2, 44, 3; 3, 21, 4; 22, 7, 4;26, 31, 6: contemptum hominis quem destructum volebat,
Quint. 8, 3, 21:si te non emptam vellet, emendus erat,
Ov. Am. 1, 8, 34 (so with velle redundant, v. II. A. 1. d., and II. A. 3. infra).—Both subjects denoting the same person:velle Pompeium se Caesari purgatum,
Caes. B. C. 1, 8.— Esp., with pass. inf. impers.: alicui consultum velle, to take care for or advocate somebody's interests:liberis consultum volumus propter ipsos,
Cic. Fin. 3, 17, 57:obliviscere illum aliquando adversario tuo voluisse consultum,
id. Att. 16, 16 C, 10:quibus tribuni plebis nunc consultum repente volunt,
Liv. 5, 5, 3; so id. 25, 25, 17:quamquam senatus subventum voluit heredibus,
Dig. 36, 1, 1, § 4; so with dep. part., used passively:volo amori ejus obsecutum,
Plaut. As. 1, 1, 63.—With predic. adj., without copula.(α).The subjects being different (mostly aliquem salvum velle):(β).si me vivum vis, pater, Ignosce,
if you wish me to live, Ter. Heaut. 5, 5, 7:ille, si me alienus adfinem volet, Tacebit,
id. Phorm. 4, 1, 16:ut tu illam salvam magis velis quam ego,
id. Hec. 2, 2, 17; 3, 5, 14:quoniam ex tota provincia soli sunt qui te salvum velint,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 67, § 150:irent secum extemplo qui rempublicam salvam vellent,
Liv. 22, 53, 7.—Both subjects denoting the same person (virtually = object infinitive):d.in occulto jacebis quom te maxime clarum voles (= clarus esse voles),
when you will most wish to be famous, Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 38:volo me patris mei similem,
I wish to be like my father, id. As. 1, 1, 54: ut iste qui se vult dicacem et mehercule est, Appius, who means to be witty, etc., Cic. Or. 2, 60, 246:qui vero se populares volunt,
who mean to be popular, id. Off. 2, 22, 78:ut integrum se salvumque velit,
id. Fin. 2, 11, 33:ut (omne animal) se et salvum in suo genere incolumeque vellet,
id. ib. 4, 8, 19. —With an inf.-clause understood.(α).Velle, to wish: utinam hinc abierit in malam crucem! Ad. Ita nos velle aequom est (ita = eum abire, etc.), Plaut. Poen. 4, 1, 5:(β).stulta es, soror, magis quam volo (i.e. te esse),
id. Pers. 4, 4, 78; id. Trin. 1, 2, 8; 2, 4, 175; id. Stich. 1, 1, 13; id. Ps. 1, 5, 55:senatum non quod sentiret, sed quod ego vellem decernere,
Cic. Mil. 5, 12:neque enim facile est ut irascatur cui tu velis judex (= cui tu eum irasci velis),
id. Or. 2, 45, 190; cf. id. Sest. 38, 82.—Referring to the will of superiors, etc.:(γ).deos credo voluisse, nam ni vellent, non fieret,
Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 46: jamne abeo? St. Volo (sc. te abire), so I will, id. Cas. 2, 8, 57; cf. id. Mil. 4, 6, 12; id. Merc. 2, 3, 33.—To mean, intend (v. B. 3.):(δ).acutum etiam illud est cum ex alterius oratione aliud atque ille vult (sc. te excipere),
Cic. Or. 2, 67, 273.—To require, demand (v B. 7.):(ε).veremur quidem vos, Romani, et, si ita vultis, etiam timemus,
Liv. 39, 37, 17;and of things as subjects: cadentque vocabula, si volet usus (i. e. ea cadere),
Hor. A. P. 71.—To be of opinion, will have (v. B. 8.):(ζ).ergo ego, inimicus, si ita vultis, homini, amicus esse rei publicae debeo,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 8, 19:nam illi regi tolerabili, aut, si voltis, etiam amabili, Cyro,
id. Rep. 1, 28, 44; id. Fin. 2, 27, 89; 3, 4, 12; id. Cael. 21, 53; Liv. 21, 10, 7; Quint. 2, 17, 41.—With ellips. of predic. inf. (v. A. 2. b.): cras de reliquiis nos volo (i. e. cenare), it is my intention that we dine, etc., Plaut. Stich. 3, 2, 40:C.volo Varronem (i. e. hos libros habere),
Cic. Att. 13, 25, 3.With ut, ne, or ut ne.1.With ut.a.To wish:b.volo ut quod jubebo facias,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 8, 65:quia enim id maxime volo ut illi istac confugiant,
id. Most. 5, 1, 49:ut mihi aedes aliquas conducat volo,
id. Merc. 3, 2, 17: hoc prius volo meam rem agere. Th. Quid id est? Ph. Ut mihi hanc despondeas, id. Curc. 5, 2, 71: quid vis, nisi ut maneat Phanium? Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 8:velim ut tibi amicus sit,
Cic. Att. 10, 16, 1:quare id quoque velim... ut sit qui utamur,
id. ib. 11, 11, 2:maxime vellem, judices, ut P. Sulla... modestiae fructum aliquem percipere potuisset,
id. Sull. 1, 1:equidem vellem uti pedes haberent (res tuae),
id. Fam. 7, 33, 2:his ut sit digna puella volo,
Mart. 11, 27, 14.—Both subjects denoting the same person: volueram, inquit, ut quam plurimum tecum essem, Brut. ap. Cic. Att. 13, 38, 1.—It is the will of, to want, ordain (v. B. 2.):c.at ego deos credo voluisse ut apud te me in nervo enicem,
Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 17: numquid me vis? Le. Ut valeas, id. Cist. 1, 1, 120: numquid vis? Ps. Dormitum ut abeas, id. Ps. 2, 2, 70:volo ut mihi respondeas,
Cic. Vatin. 6, 14; 7, 17; 7, 18; 9, 21;12, 29: nuntia Romanis, caelestes ita velle ut mea Roma caput orbis terrarum sit,
Liv. 1, 16, 7.—To intend, it is the purpose, aim, etc., the two subjects being the same:d.id quaerunt, volunt haec ut infecta faciant,
Plaut. Cas. 4, 4, 9.—With other verbs:2.quod peto et volo parentes meos ut commonstres mihi,
Ter. Heaut. 5, 4, 4:quasi vero aut populus Romanus hoc voluerit, aut senatus tibi hoc mandaverit ut... privares,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 19, § 48;with opto,
id. Imp. Pomp. 16, 48;with laboro,
Liv. 42, 14, 3;with aequum censere,
id. 39, 19, 7.—With ne:3.at ne videas velim,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 23:quid nunc vis? ut opperiare hos sex dies saltem modo, ne illam vendas, neu me perdas, etc.,
id. Ps. 1, 3, 102:credibile est hoc voluisse legumlatorem, ne auxilia liberorum innocentibus deessent,
intended, Quint. 7, 1, 56.—With ut ne: quid nunc tibi vis? Mi. Ut quae te cupit, eam ne spernas, Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 60.D.With subjunct. of dependent verb (mostly ante-class.; class. and freq. with velim and vellem; but in Cic. mostly epistolary and colloquial).1.To wish:2.ergo animum advortas volo,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 23; 2, 3, 28; 2, 3, 70:volo amet me patrem,
id. As. 1, 1, 63 dub.:hoc volo agatis,
id. Cist. 1, 1, 83:ducas volo hodie uxorem,
Ter. And. 2, 3, 14:quid vis faciam?
Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 49; Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 24; Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 64; 2, 3, 65; 2, 6, 65; 3, 3, 3; id. Ps. 4, 1, 17; 4, 7, 19; id. Cas. 2, 3, 56; id. Capt. 1, 2, 12; id. Poen. 3, 2, 16; id. Pers. 2, 4, 23; id. Rud. 5, 2, 45; 5, 3, 58; id. Stich. 5, 2, 21; Ter. Heaut. 4, 6, 14:volo etiam exquiras quam diligentissime poteris quid Lentulus agat?
Cic. Att. 8, 12, 6:Othonem vincas volo,
id. ib. 13, 29, 2:eas litteras volo habeas,
id. ib. 13, 32, 3:visne igitur videamus quidnam sit, etc.,
id. Rep. 1, 10, 15: visne igitur descendatur ad Lirim? id. Fragm. ap. Macr. S. 6, 4:volo, inquis, sciat,
Sen. Ben. 2, 10, 2.—To be of opinion that something should be, demand, require (v. B. 7.): volo enim se efferat in adulescentia fecunditas, I like to see, etc., Cic. Or. 2, 21, 88:3.volo hoc oratori contingat ut, etc.,
id. Brut. 84, 290.—With subj.-clause understood:E.abi atque obsona, propera! sed lepide volo (i. e. obsones),
Plaut. Cas. 2, 8, 55.With object nouns, etc.1.With acc. of a thing.a.With a noun, to want, wish for, like to have:b.voltisne olivas, aut pulmentum, aut capparim?
Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 90:animo male est: aquam velim,
id. Am. 5, 1, 6:quia videt me suam amicitiam velle,
id. Aul. 2, 3, 68; so,gratiam tuam,
id. Curc. 2, 3, 52; 2, 3, 56:aquam,
id. ib. 2, 3, 34:discidium,
Ter. And. 4, 2, 14: nullam ego rem umquam in vita mea Volui quin tu in ea re mihi advorsatrix fueris, I never had any wish in my life, etc., id. Heaut. 5, 3, 5: (dixit) velle Hispaniam, he wanted Spain, i. e. as a province, Cic. Att. 12, 7, 1:mihi frumento non opus est: nummos volo,
I want the money, id. Verr. 2, 3, 85, § 196:non poterat scilicet negare se velle pacem,
id. Att. 15, 1 a, 3; cf. id. ib. 13, 32, 2 (v. II. C. 4. infra):si amplius obsidum (= plures obsides) vellet, dare pollicentur,
Caes. B. G. 6, 9 fin.:pacem etiam qui vincere possunt, volunt,
Liv. 7, 40, 18:ferunt (eum)... honestum finem voluisse,
Tac. A. 6, 26:cum Scipio veram vellet et sine exceptione victoriam,
Flor. 1, 33 (2, 18), 12:mensae munera si voles secundae, Marcentes tibi porrigentur uvae,
Mart. 5, 78, 11.—Neutr. adjj., denoting things, substantively used: utrum vis opta, dum licet. La. Neutrum volo, Plaut. Ps. 3, 6, 16:c.quorum isti neutrum volunt,
acknowledge neither, Cic. Fat. 12, 28:voluimus quaedam, contendimus... Obtenta non sunt,
we aspired to certain things, id. Balb. 27, 61:restat ut omnes unum velint,
hold one opinion, id. Marcell. 10, 32:si plura velim,
if I wished for more, Hor. C. 3, 16, 38:per quod probemus aliud legislatorem voluisse,
that the law-giver intended something different, Quint. 7, 6, 8:ut putent, aliud quosdam dicere, aliud velle,
that they say one thing and mean another, id. 9, 2, 85:utrum is qui scripsit... voluerit,
which of the two was meant by the author, id. 7, 9, 15:ut nemo contra id quod vult dicit, ita potest melius aliquid velle quam dicit,
mean better than he speaks, id. 9, 2, 89:quis enim pudor omnia velle?
to desire every thing, Mart. 12, 94, 11.—With neutr. demonstr. expressed or understood, to want, intend, aim at, like, will:d.immo faenus: id primum volo,
Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 64:proximum quod sit bono... id volo,
id. Capt. 2, 2, 22:nisi ea quae tu vis volo,
unless my purpose is the same as yours, id. Ep. 2, 2, 82:siquidem id sapere'st, velle te id quod non potest contingere,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 83:hoc (i. e. otium cum dignitate) qui volunt omnes optimates putantur,
who aim at this, Cic. Sest. 45, 98:privatum oportet in re publica ea velle quae tranquilla et honesta sint,
id. Off. 1, 34, 124:quid est sapientia? Semper idem velle atque idem nolle,
Sen. Ep. 20, 5:pudebit eadem velle quae volueras puer,
id. ib. 27, 2:nec volo quod cruciat, nec volo quod satiat,
Mart. 1, 57, 4.—With demonstr. in place of inf.-clause:hoc Ithacus velit, et magno mercentur Atridae (sc. poenas in me sumi),
Verg. A. 2, 104:hoc velit Eurystheus, velit hoc germana Tonantis (sc. verum esse, Herculem, etc.),
Ov. H. 9, 7; Hor. S. 2, 3, 88.—With neutr. of interrog. pron.: quid nunc vis? Am. Sceleste, at etiam quid velim, id tu me rogas? what do you want now? Plaut. Am. 4, 2, 5:e.eloquere quid velis,
id. Cas. 2, 4, 2: heus tu! Si. Quid vis? id. Ps. 4, 7, 21; so Ter. Eun. 2, 1, 11; cf. Hor. S. 2, 3, 152:sed plane quid velit nescio,
what his intentions are, Cic. Att. 15, 1 a, 5; id. de Or. 2, 20, 84:mittunt etiam ad dominos qui quaerant quid velint,
to ask for their orders, id. Tusc. 2, 17, 41:quid? Si haec... ipsius amici judicarunt? Quid amplius vultis?
what more do you require, will you have? id. Verr. 2, 3, 65, § 152:quid amplius vis?
Hor. Epod. 17, 30:spectatur quid voluerit scriptor,
we find out the author's intention, Quint. 7, 10, 1.—Sometimes quid vult = quid sibi vult (v. 4. b.), to mean, signify:capram illam suspicor jam invenisse... quid voluerit,
what it signified, Plaut. Merc. 2, 1, 30:sed tamen intellego quid velit,
Cic. Fin. 2, 31, 101:quid autem volunt ea di immortales significantes quae sine interpretibus non possimus intellegere? etc.,
id. Div. 2, 25, 54.—Of things as subjects:hunc ensem mittit tibi... Et jubet ex merito scire quid iste velit,
Ov. H. 11, 96.—With rel. pron.:f.quod volui, ut volui, impetravi... a Philocomasio,
Plaut. Mil. 4, 5, 1:ut quod frons velit oculi sciant,
that the eyes know what the forehead wants, id. Aul. 4, 1, 13:illi quae volo concedere,
to yield to him my wishes, id. Cas. 2, 3, 49:si illud quod volumus dicitur,
what we like, id. Truc. 1, 2, 95:multa eveniunt homini quae volt, quae nevolt,
id. Trin. 2, 2, 84; id. Ep. 2, 2, 4:quamquam (litterae tuae) semper aliquid adferunt quod velim,
Cic. Att. 11, 11, 1:quae vellem quaeque sentirem dicendi,
id. Marcell. 1, 1:uti ea quae vellent impetrarent,
Caes. B. G. 1, 31:satis animi ad id quod tam diu vellent,
to carry out what they had desired so long, Liv. 4, 54, 5:sed quod volebant non... expediebant,
their purpose, id. 24, 23, 9. —Idiomatically: quod volo = quod demonstrare volo, what I intend to prove:illud quod volumus expressum est, ut vaticinari furor vera soleat,
Cic. Div. 1, 31, 67:bis sumpsit quod voluit,
he has twice begged the question, id. ib. 2, 52, 107.—With indef. relations:cornucopia ubi inest quidquid volo,
whatever I wish for, Plaut. Ps. 2, 3, 5:Caesar de Bruto solitus est dicere: magni refert hic quid velit, sed quidquid volt, valde volt,
whatever he wills he wills strongly, Cic. Att. 14, 1, 2.—With indef. pronn.(α).Si quid vis, if you want any thing: illo praesente mecum agito si quid voles, [p. 2008] Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 72: Py. Adeat si quid volt. Pa. Si quid vis, adi, mulier, id. Mil. 4, 2, 47:(β).eumque Alexander cum rogaret, si quid vellet, ut diceret,
id. Or. 2, 66, 266; Caes. B. G. 1, 7 fin. —Nisi quid vis, unless you wish to give some order, to make some remark, etc.:(γ).ego eo ad forum nisi quid vis,
Plaut. As. 1, 1, 94:nunc de ratione videamus, nisi quid vis ad haec,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 18, 42.—Numquid vis or ecquid vis? have you any orders to give? a formula used by inferiors before leaving their superiors; cf. Don. ad Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 39:2.visunt, quid agam, ecquid velim,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 113:numquid vis aliud?
Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 111; 1, 2, 106; id. Ad. 2, 2, 39; 3, 3, 78; id. Hec. 2, 2, 30:numquid vellem rogavit,
Cic. Att. 6, 3, 6:frequentia rogantium num quid vellet,
Liv. 6, 34, 7:rogavit num quid in Sardiniam vellet. Te puto saepe habere qui num quid Romam velis quaerant,
Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 2, 1.—With acc. of the person: aliquem velle.(α).To want somebody, i. e. in order to see him, to speak with him (ante-class. and colloq.):(β).Demenaetum volebam,
I wanted, wished to see, Demenoetus, Plaut. As. 2, 3, 12:bona femina et malus masculus volunt te,
id. Cist. 4, 2, 40:solus te solum volo,
id. Capt. 3, 4, 70:quia non est intus quem ego volo,
id. Mil. 4, 6, 40:hae oves volunt vos,
id. Bacch. 5, 2, 24:quis me volt? Perii, pater est,
Ter. And. 5, 3, 1:centuriones trium cohortium me velle postridie,
Cic. Att. 10, 16, 4.—With paucis verbis or paucis, for a few words ( moments):volo te verbis pauculis,
Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 28:sed paucis verbis te volo, Palaestrio,
id. Mil. 2, 4, 22:Sosia, Adesdum, paucis te volo,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 2.—To love, like somebody, to be fond of somebody (anteclass. and poet.):(γ).hanc volo (= amo),
Plaut. As. 5, 1, 18:sine me amare unum Argyrippum... quem volo,
id. ib. 3, 2, 38:quom quae te volt, eamdem tu vis,
id. Mil. 4, 2, 80:aut quae (vitia) corpori' sunt ejus siquam petis ac vis,
Lucr. 4, 1152:quam volui nota fit arte mea,
Ov. Am. 1, 10, 60: nolo virum, facili redimit qui sanguine famam: hunc volo, laudari qui sine morte potest, I like the one who, etc., Mart. 1, 8, 6.—To wish to have:3.roga, velitne an non uxorem,
whether he wishes to have his wife or not, Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 43:ut sapiens velit gerere rem publicam, atque... uxorem adjungere, et velle ex ea liberos (anacoluth.),
Cic. Fin. 3, 20, 68.—With two accusatives: (narrato) illam te amare et velle uxorem,
that you wish to have her as your wife, Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 25; cf. id. Phorm. 1, 2, 65.—With two accusatives, of the person and the thing: aliquem aliquid velle, to want something of somebody (cf.: aliquem aliquid rogare; mostly ante-class.;4.not in Cic.): numquid me vis?
Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 120:face certiorem me quid meus vir me velit,
id. Cas. 2, 6, 1:num quidpiam me vis aliud?
id. Truc. 2, 4, 81:nunc verba in pauca conferam quid te velim,
id. As. 1, 1, 74:narrabit ultro quid sese velis,
id. Ps. 2, 4, 60:quid me voluisti?
id. Mil. 4, 2, 35:numquid aliud me vis?
Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 101:quin tu uno verbo dic quid est quod me velis,
id. And. 1, 1, 18; Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 85; id. Cist. 2, 3, 49; id. As. 2, 3, 12; id. Merc. 5, 2, 27; id. Pers. 4, 6, 11; Ter. Heaut. 4, 8, 31; id. Phorm. 2, 4, 18; id. Eun. 2, 3, 47; id. Hec. 3, 4, 15:si quid ille se velit, illum ad se venire oportere,
Caes. B. G. 1, 34:cum mirabundus quidnam (Taurea) sese vellet, resedisset Flaccus, Me quoque, inquit, etc.,
Liv. 26, 15, 11; also, I want to speak with somebody (v. 2. a. a):paucis, Euclio, est quod te volo,
Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 22:est quod te volo secreto,
id. Bacch. 5, 2, 33.—With acc. of thing and dat. of the person: aliquid alicui velle, to wish something to somebody (= cupio aliquid alicui; v. cupio;a.rare): quamquam vobis volo quae voltis, mulieres,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 1:si ex me illa liberos vellet sibi,
Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 33:praesidium velle se senectuti suae,
id. ib. 1, 2, 44:nihil est mali quod illa non initio filio voluerit, optaverit,
Cic. Clu. 66, 188:rem Romanam huc provectam ut externis quoque gentibus quietem velit,
Tac. A. 12, 11:cui ego omnia meritissimo volo et debeo,
to whom I give and owe my best wishes, Quint. 9, 2, 35.—Esp., in the phrase quid vis (vult) with reflex. dat. of interest, lit. what do you want for yourself?Quid tibi vis = quid vis, the dat. being redundant (rare):b.quid aliud tibi vis?
what else do you want? Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 90.—With quisque:haud ita vitam agerent ut nunc plerumque videmus Quid sibi quisque velit nescire,
be ignorant as to their own aims and purposes, Lucr. 3, 1058.—What do you mean? what do you drive at? what is your scope, object, drift (rare in post-Aug. writers; Don. ad Ter. Eun. prol. 45, declares it an archaism).(α).In 1 st pers. (rare):(β).nunc quid processerim huc, et quid mihi voluerim dicam,
and what I meant thereby, what was the purpose of my coming, Plaut. As. prol. 6:quid mihi volui? quid mihi nunc prodest bona voluntas?
Sen. Ben. 4, 21, 6.—In 2 d pers.:(γ).quid nunc tibi vis, mulier, memora,
what is the drift of your talk? Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 60: sed quid nunc tibi vis? what do you want to come at (i.e. by your preamble)? id. Poen. 1, 1, 24: quid tu tibi vis? Ego non tangam meam? what do you mean? i. e. what is your purpose? Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 28:quid tibi vis? quid cum illa rei tibi est?
id. ib. 4, 7, 34:quid est quod sic gestis? quid sibi hic vestitus quaerit? Quid est quod laetus sis? quid tibi vis?
what do you mean by all this? id. ib. 3, 5, 11:quid est, inepta? quid vis tibi? quid rides?
id. ib. 5, 6, 6:quid vis tibi? Quid quaeris?
id. Heaut. 1, 1, 9: Ph. Fabulae! Ch. Quid vis tibi? id. Phorm. 5, 8, 53:roganti ut se in Asiam praefectum duceret, Quid tibi vis, inquit, insane,
Cic. Or. 2, 67, 269; so in 2 d pers. plur.:pro deum fidem, quid vobis vultis?
Liv. 3, 67, 7.—In 3 d pers.:(δ).quid igitur sibi volt pater? cur simulat?
Ter. And. 2, 3, 1:quid hic volt veterator sibi?
id. ib. 2, 6, 26:proinde desinant aliquando me isdem inflare verbis: quid sibi iste vult?... Cur ornat eum a quo desertus est?
Cic. Dom. 11, 29:quid sibi vellet (Caesar)? cur in suas possessiones veniret?
Caes. B. G. 1, 44 med.:conicere in eum oculos, mirantes quid sibi vellet (i. e. by courting the plebeians),
Liv. 3, 35, 5:qui quaererent quid sibi vellent qui armati Aventinum obsedissent,
id. 3, 50, 15:quid sibi voluit providentia quae Aridaeum regno imposuit?
Sen. Ben. 4, 31, 1: volt, non volt dare Galla mihi, nec dicere possum quod volt et non volt, quid sibi Galla velit, Mart: 3, 90, 2.—Transf. of things as subjects, what means, what signifies? quid volt sibi, Syre, haec oratio? Ter. Heaut. 4, 1, 2:5.ut pernoscatis quid sibi Eunuchus velit,
id. Eun. prol. 45:quid ergo illae sibi statuae equestres inauratae volunt?
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 61, § 150:quid haec sibi horum civium Romanorum dona voluerunt?
id. ib. 2, 3, 80, §186: avaritia senilis quid sibi velit, non intellego,
what is the meaning of the phrase, id. Sen. 18, 66:quid ergo illa sibi vult pars altera orationis qua Romanos a me cultos ait?
Liv. 40, 12, 14:tacitae quid vult sibi noctis imago?
Ov. M. 9, 473.—Bene or male alicui velle, to wish one well or ill, to like or dislike one (ante-class. and poet.): Ph. Bene volt tibi. St. Nequam est illud verbum bene volt, nisi qui bene facit, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 37 sq.:6.jam diu ego huic bene et hic mihi volumus,
id. Ps. 1, 3, 4:ut tibi, dum vivam, bene velim plus quam mihi,
id. Cas. 2, 8, 30:egone illi ut non bene vellem?
id. Truc. 2, 4, 90; cf. id. ib. 2, 4, 95; id. Merc. 2, 1, 21; id. Ps. 4, 3, 7; id. Poen. 3, 3, 9:nisi quod tibi bene ex animo volo,
Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 6:quo tibi male volt maleque faciet,
Plaut. Pers. 5, 2, 44:atque isti etiam parum male volo,
id. Truc. 5, 7; cf. id. As. 5, 1, 13:utinam sic sient qui mihi male volunt,
Ter. Eun. 4, 3, 13:non sibi male vult,
he does not dislike himself, Petr. 38; so, melius or optime alicui velle, to like one better or best:nec est quisquam mihi aeque melius quoi vellem,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 42; id. Merc. 5, 2, 57:illi ego ex omnibus optime volo,
id. Most. 1, 4, 24.—And bene velle = velle: bene volueris in precatione augurali Messalla augur ait, significare volueris, Fest. s. v. bene sponsis, p. 351.—With abl.: alicujus causa velle, to like one for his own sake, i. e. personally, a Ciceronian phrase, probably inst. of omnia alicujus causa velle; lit. to wish every thing (i.e. good) in somebody's behalf.(α).With omnia expressed: etsi mihi videor intellexisse cum tecum de re M. Annaeii locutus sum, te ipsius causa vehementer omnia velle, tamen, etc.... ut non dubitem quin magnus cumulus accedat commenda tionis meae, Cic. Fam. 13, 55, 1:(β).repente coepit dicere, se omnia Verris causa velle,
that he had the most friendly disposition towards Verres, id. Verr. 2, 2, 26, § 64:accedit eo quod Varro magnopere ejus causa vult omnia,
id. Fam. 13, 22, 1.—Without omnia:7.per eos qui nostra causa volunt, valentque apud illum,
Cic. Att. 11, 8, 1:sed et Phameae causa volebam,
id. ib. 13, 49, 1:etsi te ipsius Attici causa velle intellexeram,
id. ib. 16, 16, A, 6:valde enim ejus causa volo,
id. Fam. 16, 17, 2 fin.:illud non perficis quo minus tua causa velim,
id. ib. 3, 7, 6;12, 7, 1: si me velle tua causa putas,
id. ib. 7, 17, 2:regis causa si qui sunt qui velint,
id. ib. 1, 1, 1:credo tua causa velle Lentulum,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 4, 5; id. Div. in Caecil. 6, 21; cf. id. Imp. Pomp. (v. C. 1. b. supra), where the phrase has its literal meaning; cf. also: alicujus causa (omnia) cupere; v. cupio.—With acc. and subjunct. per ecthesin (ante-class.): nunc ego illum meum virum veniat velim (by mixture of constructions: meum virum velim; and:F.meus vir veniat velim),
Plaut. Cas. 3, 2, 29:nunc ego Simonidem mi obviam veniat velim,
id. Ps. 4, 5, 10:nimis hercle ego illum corvum ad me veniat velim,
id. Aul. 4, 6, 4:saltem aliquem velim qui mihi ex his locis viam monstret,
id. Rud. 1, 3, 35:patrem atque matrem viverent vellem tibi,
id. Poen. 5, 2, 106; cf. id. Merc. 2, 1, 30 (v. E. 1. d. supra).Velle used absolutely, variously rendered to will, have a will, wish, consent, assent:II.quod vos, malum... me sic ludificamini? Nolo volo, volo nolo rursum,
I nill I will, I will I nill again, Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 57: novi ingenium mulierum: Nolunt ubi velis, ubi nolis cupiunt ultro, they will not where you will, etc., id. Eun. 4, 7, 43:quis est cui velle non liceat?
who is not free to wish? Cic. Att. 7, 11. 2:in magnis et voluisse sat est,
Prop. 2, 10 (3, 1), 6:tarde velle nolentis est,
slow ness in consenting betrays the desire to refuse, Sen. Ben. 2, 5, 4:quae (animalia) nullam injuriam nobis faciunt, quia velle non possunt, id. Ira, 2, 26, 4: ejus est nolle qui potest velle,
the power to assent implies the power to dissent, Dig. 50, 17, 3.—So velle substantively:sed ego hoc ipsum velle miserius duco quam in crucem tolli,
that very wishing, Cic. Att. 7, 11, 2: inest enim velle in carendo, the word carere implies the notion of a wish, id. Tusc. 1, 36, 88:velle ac posse in aequo positum erat,
his will and power were balanced, Val. Max. 6, 9, ext. 5:velle tuum nolo, Didyme, nolle volo,
Mart. 5, 83, 2:velle suum cuique est,
each has his own likings, Pers. 5, 53.In partic.A.Redundant, when the will to do is identified with the act itself.1.In imperative sentences.a.In independent sentences introduced by noli velle, where noli has lost the idea of volition:b.nolite, judices, hunc velle maturius exstingui vulnere vestro quam suo fato,
do not resolve, Cic. Cael. 32, 79:nolite igitur id velle quod fieri non potest,
id. Phil. 7, 8, 25: qui timor bonis omnibus injectus sit... nolite a me commoneri velle, do not wish, expect, to be reminded by me, etc., id. Mur. 25, 50: nolite hunc illi acerbum nuntium velle perferri, let it not be your decision that, etc., id. Balb. 28, 64: cujus auspicia pro vobis experti nolite adversus vos velle experiri, do not desire, etc., Liv. 7, 40, 16:noli adversum eos me velle ducere, etc.,
Nep. Att. 4, 2.—Ne velis or ne velit fecisse = ne feceris, or ne facito (v. I. A. 3. a. supra).—So ne velis with pres. inf.:c.neve, revertendi liber, abesse velis (= neve abfueris),
Ov. H. 1, 80.—In affirmative imperative sentences (velim esse = esto;d.rare): tu tantum fida sorori Esse velis (= fida esto or sis),
Ov. M. 2, 745; and in 3 d pers.:di procul a cunctis... Hujus notitiam gentis habere velint (= habeant),
id. P. 1, 7, 8:credere modo qui discet velit (= credat qui discet),
Quint. 8, prooem. 12. —In clauses dependent on verbs of commanding and wishing:2.aut quia significant divam praedicere ut armis Ac virtute velint patriam defendere terram (= ut defendant),
Lucr. 2, 641: precor quaesoque ne ante oculos patris facere et pati omnia infanda velis (= facias et patiaris). Liv. 23, 9, 2:monentes ne experiri vellet imperium cujus vis, etc.,
id. 2, 59, 4; 39, 13, 2:et mea... opto Vulnera qui fecit facta levare velit,
Ov. Tr. 5, 2, 18: nos contra (oravimus) [p. 2009]... ne vertere secum Cuncta pater fatoque urguenti incumbere vellet, Verg. A. 2, 653. —With pass. perf. inf. (v. I. B. 9. b. b):legati Sullam orant ut filii innocentis fortunas conservatas velit (virtually = fortunas conservet),
Cic. Rosc. Am. 9, 25:a te peto ut utilitatem sociorum per te quam maxime defensam et auctam velis (= defendas et augeas),
id. Fam. 13, 9, 3.—So after utinam or ut:utinam illi qui prius eum viderint me apud eum velint adjutum tantum quantum ego vellem si quid possem (= utinam illi me adjuvent quantum ego adjuvarem, etc.),
id. Att. 11, 7, 7:cautius ut saevo velles te credere Marti (= utinam te credidisses),
Verg. A. 11, 153:edictum praemittit ad quam diem magistratus... sibi esse praesto Cordubae vellet (= sibi praesto essent),
Caes. B. C. 1, 19 (cf. also I. B. 9. b. b, and I. B. 2. fin. supra).—In conditional clauses, si facere velim = si faciam, often rendered by the potential or future auxiliaries would or will:3.non tu scis, Bacchae bacchanti si velis advorsarier, ex insana insaniorem facies? (= si advorseris),
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 80:si meum Imperium exsequi voluisset, interemptam oportuit (= si executus esset),
Ter. Heaut. 4, 1, 22:si id confiteri velim, tamen istum condemnetis necesse est (= si id confitear),
if I would acknowledge, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 18, § 45:si quis velit ita dicere... nihil dicat (= si quis dicat),
id. Fat. 14, 32:dies deficiat si velim numerare, etc.,
id. N. D. 3, 32, 81;so,
id. Tusc. 5, 35, 102; id. Verr. 2, 2, 21, § 52:qua in sententia si constare voluissent, suam auctoritatem... recuperassent,
id. Fam. 1, 9, 14; id. Verr. 2, 1, 11, § 31; id. Lael. 20, 75:conicere potestis, si recordari volueritis quanta, etc.,
if you will remember, id. Verr. 2, 4, 58, § 129; so id. Or. 1, 44, 197; id. Brut. 1, 2, 5:quod si audire voletis externa, maximas res publicas ab adulescentibus labefactatas reperietis,
id. Sen. 6, 20; so id. Or. 1, 60, 256; 2, 23, 95:ejus me compotem voti vos facere potestis, si meminisse vultis, non vos in Samnio, etc.,
Liv. 7, 40, 5; 23, 13, 6; 23, 15, 4: cum olera Diogeni lavanti Aristippus dixisset: si Dionysium adulare velles, ista non esses;Imo, inquit, si tu ista esse velles, non adulares Dionysium,
Val. Max. 4, 3, ext. 4:ut si his (legibus) perpetuo uti voluissent, sempiternum habituri fuerint imperium,
id. 5, 3, ext. 3:quid enim si mirari velit, non in silvestribus dumis poma pendere,
Sen. Ira, 2, 10, 6; cf. Curt. 5, 1, 1; 3, 5, 6; Ov. H. 17 (18), 43.—With perf. inf. pass.:nisi ea (opera) certi auctores monumentis suis testata esse voluissent,
Val. Max. 3, 2, 24.—In declarative sentences.a.Volo in 1 st pers. with perf. pass. inf. or part. (volo oratum esse or oratum = oro; v. I. B. 9. b. a and b):b.vos omnes opere magno esse oratos volo benigne ut operam detis, etc.,
Plaut. Cas. prol. 21:justam rem et facilem esse oratam a vobis volo,
id. Am. prol. 33:illud tamen te esse admonitum volo, etc.,
Cic. Cael. 3, 8:sed etiam est paucis vos quod monitos voluerim,
Plaut. Capt. prol. 53:illud te, Tulli, monitum velim etc.,
Liv. 1, 23, 8:quamobrem omnes eos oratos volo Ne, etc.,
Ter. Heaut. prol. 26; so, factum volo = faciam: serva tibi sodalem, et mihi filium. Mne. Factum volo, I will, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 91: pariter nunc opera me adjuves ac, etc. Nau. Factum volo, Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 4; so Plaut. Pers. 2, 5, 10.—In 3 d pers.:esse salutatum vult te mea littera primum,
Ov. P. 2, 7, 1.—With pres. inf.:c.propterea te vocari ad cenam volo (= voco te),
Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 72:sed nunc rogare hoc ego vicissim te volo: quid fuit, etc. (= nunc te rogo),
id. Trin. 1, 2, 136.—With perf. act. inf.:d.pace tua dixisse velim (= pace tua dixerim),
Ov. P. 3, 1, 9.—In other connections, when the will or purpose is made more prominent than the action:B.eorum alter, qui Antiochus vocatur, iter per Siciliam facere voluit (= fecit),
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 27, § 61:si suscipere eam (religionem) nolletis, tamen in eo qui violasset sancire vos velle oporteret (= sancire vos oporteret),
id. ib. 2, 4, 51, §114: ut insequentibus diebus nemo eorum forum aut publicum adspicere vellet (= adspiceret),
Liv. 9, 7, 11:talentis mille percussorem in me emere voluisti (= emisti),
Curt. 3, 5, 6: quin etiam senatus gratias ei agentem quod redire voluisset ante portas eduxit (= quod redisset), Val. Max. 3, 4, 4:utri prius gratulemur, qui hoc dicere voluit, an cui audire contigit? (= qui hoc dixit),
id. 4, 7, ext. 2:sic tua non paucae carpere facta volent (= carpent),
Ov. P. 3, 1, 64.Velim, as potential subjunctive (mostly in 1 st pers. sing., as subjunctive of modest statement), = volo, I wish, I should like.1.With verb in the second person.a.With pres. subj., so most frequently in Cic.(α).As a modest imperative of the dependent verb: velim facias = fac, I wish you would do it, please do it:(β).ego quae in rem tuam sint, ea velim facias,
Ter. Phorm. 2, 4, 9:eas (litteras) in eundem fasciculum velim addas,
Cic. Att. 12, 53:eum salvere jubeas velim,
id. ib. 7, 7, 7:velim me facias certiorem, etc.,
id. ib. 1, 19, 9:tu velim saepe ad nos scribas,
id. ib. 1, 12, 4:velim mihi ignoscas,
id. Fam. 13, 75, 1:tu velim animum a me parumper avertas,
id. Lael. 1, 5; cf. id. Att. 1, 11, 3; 7, 3, 11; 8, 12, 5; id. Fam. 15, 3, 2 et saep.:haec pro causa mea dicta accipiatis velim,
Liv. 42, 34, 13: velim, inquit, hoc mihi probes, Aug. ap. Suet. Aug. 51:Musa velim memores, etc.,
Hor. S. 1, 5, 53.—Expressing a wish without a command (v. vellem):b.vera dicas velim,
I wish you told the truth, Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 18:quam velim Bruto persuadeas ut Asturae sit,
Cic. Att. 14, 15, 4:ipse velim poenas experiare meas,
Ov. Tr. 3, 11, 74;so in asseverations: ita velim me promerentem ames, dum vivas, mi pater, ut... id mihi vehementer dolet,
Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 47.—With infinitive clause.(α).With the force of a modest imperative:(β).sed qui istuc credam ita esse, mihi dici velim (i. e. a te),
Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 15:extremum illud est quod mihi abs te responderi velim,
Cic. Vat. 17, 41 (may be a dependent subjunctive):itaque vos ego, milites, non eo solum animo.... pugnare velim, etc.,
Liv. 21, 41, 10.—As a mere wish:c.velim te arbitrari, frater, etc.,
Plaut. Aul. 2, 1, 1:primum te arbitrari id quod res est velim,
Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 9.—With perf. act.:hanc te quoque ad ceteras tuas eximias virtutes, Masinissa, adjecisse velim,
Liv. 30, 14, 6.—With perf. pass., Liv. 1, 23, 8 (v. II. A. 3. a. supra).—With ut (rare):d.de tuis velim ut eo sis animo, quo debes esse,
Cic. Fam. 4, 14, 4. —With ne (rare), Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 23 (v. I. C. 2. supra).—2.With dependent verb in the third person, expressing a wish.a.With pres. subj.:b.ita se defatigent velim Ut, etc.,
Ter. Ad. 4, 1, 3:de Cicerone quae mihi scribis, jucunda mihi sunt: velim sint prospera,
Cic. Att. 14, 11, 2:velim seu Himilco, seu Mago respondeat,
Liv. 23, 12, 15:sint haec vera velim,
Verg. Cir. 306:nulla me velim syllaba effugiat,
Quint. 11, 2, 45.—With final clause:tu velim mihi ad urbem praesto sis, ut tuis consiliis utar,
Cic. Att. 9, 16, 3; cf. id. ib. 11, 11, 2 (v. I. C. 2. supra).—With ellips. of pres. subj.:velim mehercule Asturae Brutus (i. e. sit),
Cic. Att. 14, 11, 1.—With perf. subj. (a wish referring to the past):c.nimis velim improbissumo homini malas edentaverint,
Plaut. Rud. 3, 2, 48.—With inf.-clause:3.ne ego nunc mihi modium mille esse argenti velim!
Plaut. Stich. 4, 2, 9: di me perdant! Me. Quodcunque optes, velim tibi contingere, id. Cist. 2, 1, 30:velim eum tibi placere quam maxime,
Cic. Brut. 71, 249: idque primum ita esse velim;deinde etiam, si non sit, mihi persuaderi tamen velim,
id. Tusc. 1, 11, 24:quod faxitis, deos velim fortunare,
Liv. 6, 41, 12.—With perf. pass. inf. (v. I. B. 9. b. b, supra):edepol te hodie lapide percussum velim,
Plaut. Stich. 4, 2, 33:moribus praefectum mulierum hunc factum velim,
id. Aul. 3, 5, 30.—With inf.-clause understood:nimium plus quam velim nostrorum ingenia sunt mobilia,
Liv. 2, 37, 4.—With verb in the first person.a.With inf. pres. (so most freq.):b.atque hoc velim probare omnibus, etc.,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 20, 47:velim scire ecquid de te recordere,
id. Tusc. 1, 6, 13:quare te, ut polliceris, videre plane velim,
id. Att. 11, 9, 3:nec vero velim... a calce ad carceres revocari,
id. Sen. 23, 83:sed multitudo ea quid animorum... habeat scire velim,
Liv. 23, 12, 7:interrogare tamen velim, an Isocrates Attice dixerit,
Quint. 12, 10, 22.—With perf. inf. act., Ov. P. 3, 1, 9 (v. II. A. 3. c.).—With acc. and inf.:c.quod velis, modo id velim me scire,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 4, 8.—So with perf. pass. inf.:ego praeterquam quod nihil haustum ex vano velim, Fabium... potissimum auctorem habui,
Liv. 22, 7, 4.—With subj. pres.:4.eo velim tam facili uti possim et tam bono in me quam Curione,
Cic. Att. 10, 8, 10 B. and K. ex conj. Mull. (Lachm., Hoffm. posse; al. possem).—Velim in the principal sentence of conditional clauses, I would, I should be willing:5.aetatem velim servire, Libanum ut (= si) conveniam modo,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 8:velim, si fieri possit,
id. Truc. 2, 4, 12:si quid tibi compendi facere possim, factum edepol velim (redundant),
id. ib. 2, 4, 26:si possim, velim,
id. Stich. 4, 2, 9:nec velim (imitari orationes Thucydidis) si possim,
Cic. Brut. 83, 287:si liceat, nulli cognitus esse velim,
Ov. Tr. 5, 12, 42.—The other persons of velim in potential use (rare).a.Velis.(α).Imperatively = cupito:(β).quoniam non potest fieri quod vis, Id velis quod possit,
Ter. And. 2, 1, 6:atque aliquos tamen esse velis tibi, alumna, penates,
Verg. Cir. 331.—Declaratively with indef. subj.: quom inopia'st, cupias; quando ejus copia'st, tum non velis, then you (i.e. people, they) do not want it, Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 45.—(γ).Redundant, as a form of the imperative of the dependent verb, Ov. Am. 1, 4, 38 (v. I. A. 3. a. b); id. H. 1, 80 (v. II. A. 1. b.); id. M. 2, 746 (v. II. A. 1. c.).—b.Velit.(α).Modestly for vult:(β).te super aetherias licentius auras Haud pater ille velit, etc.,
Verg. A. 7, 558: nemo enim minui velit id in quo maximus fuit, would like that to be diminished in which, etc., Quint. 12, 11, 6; cf. Verg. A. 2, 104, and Ov. H. 9, 7 (v. I. E. 1. c. supra).— So, poet., instead of vellet with perf. inf.:ut fiat, quid non illa dedisse velit?
Ov. Am. 2, 17, 30.—= imperative of third person:c.arma velit, poscatque simul rapiatque juventus,
Verg. A. 7, 340.—Redundantly, giving to the dependent verb the force of an imperative, Quint. 8, prooem. 12 (v. II. A. 1. c. supra; v. also I. A. 3. a. supra).—Velimus.(α).In the optative sense of velim:(β). d.sed scire velimus quod tibi nomen siet,
Plaut. Pers. 4, 6, 18.—Velitis = velim velitis (i. e. jubeatis, jubete):e.novos consules ita cum Samnite gerere bellum velitis ut omnia ante nos bella gesta sunt,
Liv. 9, 8, 10.—So especially in velitis jubeatis, a formula in submitting a law to the votes of the people in the comitia centuriata or tributa, let it be resolved and ordered by you:rogatus in haec verba populus: velitis jubeatisne haec sic fieri, si respublica populi Romani Quiritium, etc.,
Liv. 22, 10, 2:velitis jubeatis, Quirites... uti de ea re Ser. Sulpicius praetor urbanus ad senatum referat, etc.,
id. 38, 54, 3.—And parodied by Cic.:velitis jubeatis ut quod Cicero versum fecerit,
Cic. Pis. 29, 72.—So in oblique discourse, vellent juberent:rogationem promulgavit, vellent juberent Philippo... bellum indici,
Liv. 31, 6, 1:vellent juberentne se regnare,
id. 1, 46, 1; cf.in the resolution of the people: plebis sic jussit: quod senatus... censeat, id volumus jubemusque,
id. 26, 33, 14.—Velint, optative and redundant, Cic. Att. 11, 7, 7 (v. II. A. 1. d.); Ov. P. 1, 7, 8 (v. II. A. 1. c.).C.Vellem, as potential subjunctive, I wish, should like, should have liked, representing the wish as contrary to fact, while velim refers to a wish which may be realized:1.de Menedemo vellem verum fuisset, de regina velim verum sit,
Cic. Att. 15, 4, 4. It is not used with imperative force; cf.:quod scribis, putare te... vellem scriberes, cur ita putares... tu tamen velim scribas,
Cic. Att. 11, 24, 5.—Often quam vellem, how I wish, i. e. I wish very much; and in the same sense: nimium vellem, v. infra.With verb in first person.a.With inf. pres., I wish, would like, referring to present or future actions:b.videre equidem vos vellem, cum huic aurum darem,
Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 68:vellem equidem idem posse gloriari quod Cyrus,
Cic. Sen. 10, 32:vellem equidem vobis placere, Quirites, sed, etc.,
Liv. 3, 68, 9:quam fieri vellem meus libellus!
Mart. 8, 72, 9.—With cuperem and optarem:nunc ego Triptolemi cuperem conscendere currus... Nunc ego Medeae vellem frenare dracones... Nunc ego jactandas optarem sumere pennas, etc.,
Ov. Tr. 3, 8, 1 sqq.— [p. 2010] Rarely, I should have liked:tum equidem istuc os tuum inpudens videre nimium vellem!
Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 49.—And in conditional sense:maerorem minui: dolorem nec potui, nec, si possem, vellem (i. e. minuere),
Cic. Att. 12, 28, 2:certe ego, si sineres, titulum tibi reddere vellem,
Ov. Tr. 4, 5, 13:sic nec amari quidem vellem (i. e. if I were in his place),
Sen. Ira, 1, 20, 4.—With perf. inf., I wish I had:c.abiit, vah! Rogasse vellem,
I wish I had asked him, Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 25:maxime vellem semper tecum fuisse,
Cic. Att. 8, 11, D, 5:quam vellem petisse ab eo quod audio Philippum impetrasse,
id. ib. 10, 4, 10:non equidem vellem, quoniam nocitura fuerunt, Pieridum sacris imposuisse manum,
Ov. Tr. 4, 1, 27:ante equidem summa de re statuisse, Latini, Et vellem, et fuerat melius,
Verg. A. 11, 303. —With inf.-clause, the predicate being a perf. part. (v. I. B. 9. b. b, supra):d.virum me natam vellem,
would I had been born a man! Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 9.—With subj. imperf. (rare):2.quam vellem, Panaetium nostrum nobiscum haberemus,
Cic. Rep. 1, 10, 15.—The subject of the dependent verb in the second person.a.With subj. imperf. (the regular construction):b.hodie igitur me videbit, ac vellem tum tu adesses,
I wish you could be present, Cic. Att. 13, 7, 2:quam vellem de his etiam oratoribus tibi dicere luberet,
I wish you would please, id. Brut. 71, 248.—With subj. pluperf., I wish you had:c.vellem Idibus Martiis me ad cenam invitasses,
Cic. Fam. 12, 4, 1:quam vellem te ad Stoicos inclinavisses,
id. Fin. 3, 3, 10:vellem suscepisses juvenem regendum,
id. Att. 10, 6, 2:quam vellem Bruto studium tuum navare potuisses,
id. ib. 15, 4, 5.—With ne and pluperf. subj.:d.tu vellem ne veritus esses ne parum libenter legerem tuas litteras,
Cic. Fam. 7, 33, 2.—With ellipsis of verb: vera cantas, vana vellem (i. e. cantares). Plaut. Most. 3, 4, 41.—3.With verb in third person.a.With imperf. subj. (the regular construction):b.patrem atque matrem viverent vellem tibi (per ecthesin, v. I. E. b.),
Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 106:vellem adesset Antonius, modo sine advocatis,
Cic. Phil. 1, 7, 16:vellem nobis hoc idem vere dicere liceret,
id. Off. 3, 1, 1:vellem adesse posset Panaetius,
id. Tusc. 1, 33, 81:vellem hoc esset laborare,
id. Or. 2, 71, 287.—With pluperf. subj.:c.vellem aliqui ex vobis robustioribus hunc male dicendi locum suscepissent,
Cic. Cael. 3, 7:vellem dictum esset ab eodem etiam de Dione,
id. ib. 10, 23; so id. ib. 31, 74; id. Brut. 44, 163:quam vellem Dareus aliquid ex hac indole hausisset!
Curt. 3, 32 (12), 26.—With inf.-clause.(α).With inf. pres., I wish he were:(β).quam non abesse ab hujus judicio L. Vulsionem vellem!
Cic. Clu. 70, 198:nunc mihi... Vellem, Maeonide, pectus inesse tuum,
Ov. F. 2, 120.—With perf. inf. or part., I wish he had, had been:d.quam vellem Menedemum invitatum!
Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 11:epistulas, quas quidem vellem mihi numquam redditas,
Cic. Att. 11, 22, 1.—With ellipsis of predicate: illud quoque vellem antea (i. e. factum, or factum esse),
Cic. Att. 11, 23, 3.—With ut, Cic. Sull. 1, 1; id. Fam. 7, 33, 2 (v. I. C. 1. a. supra).—4.With acc. of a neuter pronoun or of a noun:5.aliquando sentiam us nihil nobis nisi, id quod minime vellem, spiritum reliquum esse,
Cic. Att. 9, 19, 2: tris eos libros maxime nunc vellem: apti essent ad id quod cogito, I would like to have (cf. I. E. 1. a.), id. ib. 13, 22, 2.—In the other persons of vellem (mostly poet.).a.Velles.(α).In optative sentences redundant, Verg. A. 11, 153 (v. II. A. 1. d.).—(β).Of an indefinite subject:b.velles eum (Senecam) suo ingenio dixisse, alieno judicio,
Quint. 10, 1, 130.—Vellet.(α).In the potential sense of vellem: vellet abesse quidem;(β).sed adest. Velletque videre, Non etiam sentire canum fera facta suorum,
Ov. M. 3, 247.—Conditionally:c.quis vellet tanti nuntius esse mali (i. e. if in this situation)?
Ov. H. 12, 146.—Vellent.(α).In the potential sense of vellem:(β).quam vellent aethere in alto Nunc of pauperiem et duros perferre labores!
Verg. A. 6, 436.—Conditionally: nec superi vellent hoc licuisse sibi, would wish, i. e. if in this situation, Mart. 4, 44, 8.D.Volam and voluero.1.In gen.: respiciendus erit sermo stipulationis, utrumne talis sit: quem voluero, an quem volam. Nam si talis fuerit quem voluero, cum semel elegerit, mutare voluntatem non poterit;2.si vero... quem volam, donec judicium dictet, mutandi potestatem habebit,
Dig. 45, 1, 112.—Volam in principal sentences.(α).= Engl. future, I shall wish, etc.:(β).et commeminisse hoc ego volam te,
I shall require you to recollect this, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 7: cum omnia habueris, tunc habere et sapientiam voles? will you also wish to have wisdom when? etc., Sen. Ep. 17, 8.—Denoting present probability: et scilicet jam me hoc voles patrem exorare, ut, etc., you doubtless wish me, etc., Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 27.—3.In clauses dependent on predicates implying a future, generally rendered by an English present:E.quid si sors aliter quam voles evenerit?
otherwise than as you wish, Plaut. Cas. 2, 5, 35:tum te, si voles, cum patriae quod debes solveris, satis diu vixisse dicito,
then if you choose, if you will, Cic. Marcell. 9, 27:decedes cum voles,
id. Att. 6, 3, 2:qui magis effugies eos qui volent fingere?
those who are bent upon inventing, who will invent, falsehoods, id. ib. 8, 2, 2; cf. id. ib. 1, 1, 4; id. Verr. 2, 4, 25, § 55; id. Prov. Cons. 9, 24:quod voles gratum esse, rarum effice,
Sen. Ben. 1, 14, 1; cf. id. Brev. Vit. 7, 9: si di volent, the gods permitting, August. ap. Suet. Calig. 8:invenies, vere si reperire voles,
Ov. P. 3, 1, 34; cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 78; Tib. 1, 4, 45.—So, voluero:quem (locum) si qui vitare voluerit, sex milium circuitu in oppidum pervenit,
who wishes to avoid this spot, Caes. B. C. 2, 24.Si vis, parenthetically.1.If you please (cf. sis, supra init.):2.paulum opperirier, Si vis,
Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 52:audi, si vis, nunc jam,
id. Ad. 2, 1, 30:dic, si vis, de quo disputari velis,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 5, 13.—If you wish, choose, insist upon it:F.hanc quoque jucunditatem, si vis, transfer in animum,
Cic. Fin. 2, 4, 14:addam, si vis, animi, etc.,
id. ib. 2, 27, 89:concedam hoc ipsum, si vis, etc.,
id. Div. 2, 15, 34.Quam, with any person of the pres. indic. or subj., or imperf. subj. or future, = quamvis, in a concessive sense, virtually, however, however much.1.3 d pers. sing.:2.quod illa, quam velit sit potens, numquam impetravisset (= quamvis sit potens),
however powerful she may be, Cic. Cael. 26, 63:C. Gracchus dixit, sibi in somnis Ti. fratrem visum esse dicere, quam vellet cunctaretur, tamen eodem sibi leto... esse pereundum,
id. Div. 1, 26, 56:quam volet jocetur,
id. N. D. 2, 17, 46.—1 st pers. plur.:3.quam volumus licet ipsi nos amemus, tamen, etc.,
Cic. Har. Resp. 9, 19.—2 d pers. plur.: exspectate facinus quam vultis improbum, vincam tamen, etc., expect a crime, however wicked ( ever so wicked), etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 5, § 11;4.but: hac actione quam voletis multi dicent,
as many as you choose, id. ib. 2, 2, 42, § 102.—3 d pers. plur.:G.quam volent illi cedant, tamen a re publica revocabuntur,
Cic. Phil. 2, 44, 113:quam volent in conviviis faceti, dicaces, etc., sint, alia fori vis est, alia triclinii,
id. Cael. 28, 67;but: et ceteri quam volent magnas pecunias capere possint,
as much money as they choose, id. Verr. 2, 2, 58, § 142.Volo = malo, to prefer, with a comparative clause (rare):H.quodsi in ceteris quoque studiis a multis eligere homines commodissimum quodque, quam sese uni alicui certo vellent addicere, = si se eligere mallent quam se uni addicere,
Cic. Inv. 2, 2, 5:malae rei quam nullius duces esse volunt,
Liv. 3, 68, 11:famaene credi velis quanta urbs a te capta sit, quam posteris quoque eam spectando esse?
id. 25, 29, 6.With magis and maxime.1.Magis velle: ut tu illam salvam magis velles quam ego, you wish more than I, etc., Ter. Hec. 2, 2, 17.—2.With maxime, to wish above all, more than any thing or any one else, to be most agreeable to one, to like best, to prefer (among more than two alternatives):K.quia id maxime volo ut illi istoc confugiant,
wish above all, Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 49; so id. Trin. 3, 2, 38:maxime vellem, judices, ut P. Sulla, etc.,
Cic. Sull. 1, 1:caritate nos capiunt reges, consilio optimates, libertate populi, ut in comparando difficile ad eligendum sit, quid maxime velis,
which you prefer, like best, id. Rep. 1, 35, 55; so, quemadmodum ego maxime vellem, id. Att. 13, 1, 1:tris eos libros maxime nunc vellem,
above all others, id. ib. 13, 32, 2:alia excusanti juveni, alia recipienti futura, ita ut maxime vellet senatus responderi placuit,
as it was most agreeable to him, Liv. 39, 47:si di tibi permisissent quo modo maxime velles experiri animum meum,
in the manner most convenient to yourself, Curt. 3, 6, 12.In disjunctive co - ordination.1.With sive... sive:2.tu nunc, sive ego volo, seu nolo, sola me ut vivam facis,
whether I choose or not, Plaut. Cist. 3, 14:itaque Campanos sive velint, sive nolint, quieturos,
Liv. 8, 2, 13.—Without connectives.a.Vis tu... vis:b.congredi cum hoste liceat... vis tu mari, vis terra, vis acie, vis urbibus expugnandis experiri virtutem?
Liv. 25, 6, 22.—Velim nolim.(α).Interrogatively, = utrum velim nec ne:(β).velit nolit scire, difficile est,
it is difficult to know whether he intends it or not, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 8, 4.—= seu velim seu nolim:A.ut mihi, velim nolim, sit certa quaedam tuenda sententia,
whether I will or not, Cic. N. D. 1, 7, 17:velim nolim, in cognomine Scipionum haeream necesse est,
Val. Max. 3, 7, 3:mors interim adest, cui velis nolis vacandum est,
Sen. Brev. Vit. 8, 5:hunc ita fundatum necesse est, velit nolit, sequatur hilaritas continua,
id. Vit. Beat. 4, 4:velint nolint, respondendum est... beate vivere bonum non esse,
id. Ep. 117, 4:praeterea futuri principes, velint nolint, sciant, etc.,
Plin. Pan. 20 fin. Part. and P. a.: vŏlens, entis.As a part. proper, retaining the meaning and construction of velle, with the force of a relative or adverbial clause.1.Agreeing with some member of the sentence ( poet. and in post-class. prose;2.rare): neque illum... multa volentem Dicere praeterea vidit (= qui multa voluit dicere),
Verg. G. 4, 501; id. A. 2, 790:nec me vis ulla volentem Avertet (i. e. si adhaerere foederi volo),
id. ib. 12, 203: decemviri, minuere volentes hujuscemodi violentiam... putaverunt, etc., intending ( who intended) to diminish such a violence, etc., Gell. 20, 1, 34:Milo, experiri etiamtunc volens, an ullae sibi reliquae vires adessent... rescindere quercum conatus est,
id. 15, 16, 3:scio quosdam testatores, efficere volentes ne servi sui umquam ad libertatem venirent, etc., hactenus scribere solitos,
Dig. 40, 4, 61:si te volentem ad prohibendum venire, deterruerit aliquis, etc.,
ib. 43, 24, 1, § 10.—Abl. absol. (not ante-Aug.):B. 1.ne cujus militis scripti nomen nisi ipso volente deleretur,
except with his consent, Liv. 7, 41, 4; so,Teum ex medio cursu classem repente avertit, aut volentibus iis usurus commeatu parato hostibus, aut ipsos pro hostibus habiturus,
with their consent, id. 37, 27, 3:ponuntque ferocia Poeni Corda, volente deo,
since the god willed it, Verg. A. 1, 303: Thrasippo supplicium a se voluntaria morte exigere volente, while he was about to inflict punishment on himself, etc., Val. Max. 5, 1, ext. 2: scire volentibus immortalibus dis an Romana virtus imperium orbis mereretur, it being the will of the gods to know, etc., Flor. 1, 13, 3 (1, 7, 3): qui sciente aut volente eo ad quem res pertinet, possessionem nanciscitur, with the knowledge and consent of the person who, etc., Dig. 41, 2, 6. —Attributively.a.In the phrase cum dis volentibus, lit. with the willing or favoring gods, i. e. with the will, permission, or favor of the gods: dono ducite doque volentibu' cum magnis dis, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. v. 208 Vahl.):b.sequere hac, mea gnata, me cum dis volentibus,
Plaut. Pers. 3, 1, 4:cum dis volentibus quodque bene eveniat mando tibi Mani uti illaec suovetaurilia, etc.,
Cato, R. R. 141 (142).— And without cum, abl. absol.:virtute ac dis volentibus magni estis et opulenti,
Sall. J. 14, 19.—Volenti animo.(α).= cupide, eagerly:(β).Romae plebes litteris quae de Metello ac Mario missae erant, volenti animo de ambobus acceperant,
Sall. J. 73, 3. —On purpose, intentionally:2.consilio hanc omnes animisque volentibus urbem Adferimur,
Verg. A. 7, 216.—Predicatively.a.Agreeing with the subject-nom. or subject - acc.(α).Voluntarily, willingly, [p. 2011] gladly (class.):(β).(hi) divini generis appellentur... vobisque jure et lege volentes pareant,
Cic. Univ. 11 fin.:quas victi ab hostibus poenas metuerant, eas ipsi volentes pendere,
Sall. J. 76, 6:quia volentes in amicitiam non veniebant,
Liv. 21, 39, 4:si volentes ac non coacti mansissent in amicitia,
id. 24, 37, 7:quocunque loco seu volens seu invitus constitisti,
id. 7, 40, 13:itaque se numquam volentem parte qua posset rerum consilio gerendarum cessurum,
id. 22, 27, 9:(virtus), quidquid evenerit, feret, non patiens tantum, sed etiam volens,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 15, 5:non est referre gratiam quod volens acceperis nolenti reddere,
id. Ben. 4, 40, 4:volens vos Turnus adoro,
Verg. A. 10, 677; 3, 457; 6, 146;12, 833: date vina volentes,
id. ib. 8, 275: ipsa autem macie tenuant armenta volentes ( on purpose), id. G. 3, 129.—And referring to subjects denoting things: quos rami fructus, quos ipsa volentia rura Sponte tulere sua, carpsit ( spontaneously and willingly), Verg. G. 2, 500.—Favorably; with propitius, favorably and kindly, referring to the gods:b.precantes Jovem ut volens propitius praebeat sacra arma pro patria,
Liv. 24, 21, 10:precantibus ut volens propitiaque urbem Romanam iniret,
id. 29, 14, 13:in ea arce (Victoriam) sacratam, volentem propitiamque, firmam ac stabilem fore populo Romano,
id. 22, 37, 12; 1, 16, 3; 7, 26, 3; 24, 38, 8; Inscr. Orell. 2489 sq.—Parodied by Plautus:agite, bibite, festivae fores! fite mihi volentes propitiae,
Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 89.— Abl. absol.:omnia diis propitiis volentibusque ea faciemus,
with the favor and help of the gods, Liv. 39, 16, 11 Weissenb. ad loc.:si (Jovem) invocem ut dexter ac volens assit,
Quint. 4, prooem. 5.—Agreeing with other terms of the sentence (rare): volenti consuli causa in Pamphyliam devertendi oblata est, a welcome cause was offered to the consul, etc., Liv. 38, 15, 3:c.quod nobis volentibus facile continget,
if we wish, Quint. 6, 2, 30:is Ariobarzanem volentibus Armeniis praefecit,
to their satisfaction, Tac. A. 2, 4:gemis... hominem, Urse, tuum, cui dulce volenti servitium... erat,
to whom his servitude was sweet, since he liked it, Stat. S. 2, 6, 15:me mea virtus, etc., fatis egere volentem,
Verg. A. 8, 133:saepe ille volentem castigabat erum,
administered kindly received rebukes, Stat. S. 2, 6, 50.—In the phrase aliquid mihi volenti est or putatur, etc., something is welcome, acceptable to me, pleases me (= volens habeo or accipio aliquid; cf. the Gr. Humin tauta boulomenois estin, and, mihi aliquid cupienti est; v. cupio;3.rare but class.): uti militibus exaequatus cum imperatore labos volentibus esset,
that the equalization of labor was acceptable to the soldier, Sall. J. 100, 4:quia neque plebei militia volenti putabatur,
id. ib. 84, 3 Dietsch:grande periculum maritumis civitatibus esse, et quibusdam volentibus novas res fore,
that to some a change of the government would be welcome, Liv. 21, 50, 10:quibus bellum volentibus erat, probare exemplum,
Tac. Agr. 18.— Impers. with subject - inf.: ceterisque remanere et in verba Vespasiani adigi volentibus fuit, to the rest it was acceptable to remain, etc., Tac. H. 3, 43.—With subject-inf. understood:si volentibus vobis erit, in medium profero quae... legisse memini,
Macr. S. 7, 13, 11:si volentibus vobis erit, diem fabulis et epulis exigamus,
id. ib. 1, 7; 2, 3 fin.; 6, 6 init. —As subst. (mostly post-Aug.).a.vŏlens, entis, m., = is qui vult, in the different meanings, and often with the construction of the verb.(α).One who wishes:(β).nunc cis Hiberum castra Romana esse, arcem tutam perfugiumque novas volentibus res,
Liv. 22, 22, 11:consulere se volentibus vacuas aures accommodavit,
Val. Max. 5, 8, 3:quid opus libertate si volentibus luxu perire non licet,
id. 2, 9, 5:discere meliora volentibus promptum est,
i. e. it depends on our own will to learn better things, Quint. 11, 11, 12:nec sum in hoc sollicitus, dum res ipsa volentibus discere appareat,
to the students, id. 8, 4, 15:mori volentibus vis adhibita vivendi,
Suet. Tib. 61.—One who intends, is about:(γ).juris ignorantia non prodest acquirere volentibus,
i. e. in the acquisition of property, Dig. 22, 6, 7:si quis volentem incipere uti frui prohibuit,
one who is about to enter upon a usufruct, ib. 43, 16, 3, § 14. —One who is willing:(δ).non refert quid sit quod datur, nisi a volente volenti datur,
unless it is both willingly given and received, Sen. Ben. 2, 18, 8:ducunt volentem fata, nolentem trahunt,
those willing to follow, id. Ep. 107, 11.—One who consents:(ε).tutiusque rati volentibus quam coactis imperitare,
to rule men with their consent, Sall. J. 102, 6:quippe rempublicam si a volentibus nequeat ab invitis jus expetituram,
peaceably if they could, forcibly if they must, Liv. 3, 40, 4:si quis aliam rem pro alia volenti solverit,
if one pays with the consent of the receiver, Dig. 46, 3, 46:nulla injuria est quae in volentem fiat,
ib. 47, 10, 1, § 5.—One who does a thing voluntarily:(ζ).pecuniam etiam a volentibus acceperant,
the contributions of money were voluntary, Vell. 2, 62, 3:parce, puer, stimulis... (solis equi) Sponte sua properant. Labor est inhibere volentis (i. e. properare),
Ov. M. 2, 128.—Volens = bene volens: munificus nemo habebatur nisi pariter volens, unless he was just as kindly disposed, sc. as he was liberal, Sall. J. 103, 6.—Often referring to a previously mentioned noun:b.hunc cape consiliis socium et conjunge volentem,
and unite with him, since he wishes it, Verg. A. 5, 712; so may be taken Ov. M. 2, 128 (v. e).—In the neutr. plur. (volentia) rare, always with dat., things pleasing, acceptable:2.Pompeius multis suspitionibus volentia plebi facturus habebatur,
that he would do what pleased the common people, Sall. H. 4, 31 Dietsch:haec atque talia plebi volentia fuere,
Tac. A. 15, 36 Draeg. ad loc. al.:iique Muciano volentia rescripsere,
id. H. 3, 52.—Hence, adv.: vŏlenter, willingly, App. M. 6, p. 178, 4.vŏlo, āvi, ātum ( part. gen. plur. volantūm, Verg. A. 6, 728; Lucr. 2, 1083), 1, v. n. [Sanscr. val-, to turn one's self, etc.; cf.: vŏlucer, vēlox, and vol- in velivolus], to fly.I.Lit.: ex alto... laeva volavit avis, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107 (Ann. v. 95 Vahl.):2. II.aves,
Lucr. 6, 742:accipitres,
id. 4, 1010:corvi,
id. 2, 822:altam supra volat ardea nubem,
Verg. G. 1, 364:volat ille per aëra magnum Remigio alarum,
id. A. 1, 300:columbae venere volantes,
id. ib. 6, 191; Prop. 2, 30 (3, 28), 30; Juv. 8, 251:apes,
Ov. A. A. 1, 96; cf. Plin. 10, 38, 54, § 112:volasse eum (Antonium), non iter fecisse diceres,
Cic. Phil. 10, 5, 11.—Prov.:sine pennis volare haud facile est,
Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 49.—Transf., to fly, i. e. to move swiftly like one flying, to fleet, speed, hasten along:3.i sane... vola curriculo,
Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 17; cf.:per summa levis volat aequora curru,
Verg. A. 5, 819:medios volat ecce per hostes Vectus equo spumante Saces,
id. ib. 12, 650:illa (Argo) volat,
Ov. H. 6, 66:currus,
Verg. G. 3, 181:axis,
id. ib. 3, 107:nubes,
Lucr. 5, 254:fulmina,
id. 2, 213:tempestates,
id. 6, 612:telum,
id. 1, 971; cf. Sall. J. 60, 2; Verg. A. 9, 698; Liv. 26, 44, 7 al.:litterae Capuam ad Pompeium volare dicebantur,
Cic. Att. 2, 19, 3:volat aetas,
id. Tusc. 1, 31, 76:hora,
Sen. Hippol. 1141:fama,
Verg. A. 3, 121:et semel emissum volat irrevocabile verbum,
Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 71.— Poet., with inf.:ast Erebi virgo ditem volat aethere Memphim Praecipere et Phariā venientem pellere terrā,
Val. Fl. 4, 407.vŏlo, ōnis, m. [1. volo], a volunteer, first applied to the slaves who, after the battle at Cannæ, were enrolled upon their own expressed desire to serve (cf. Liv. 22, 57, 11; Val. Max. 7, 6, 1):volones dicti sunt milites, qui post Cannensem cladem usque ad octo milia, cum essent servi, voluntarie se ad militiam obtulere,
Paul. Diac. p. 370:volones, quia sponte hoc voluerunt, appellati,
Macr. S. 1, 11, 30:vetus miles tironi, liber voloni sese exaequari sineret,
Liv. 23, 35, 6; 23, 32, 1; Capitol. Anton. Phil. 21, 6; Macr. S. 1, 11, 30. -
13 contra
contrā, adv. and prep. [stem con, i. e. cum, through a comparative form conter; cf.: alter, uter, inter, praeter, etc.; in abl. fem. form like the locative adverbs ea, qua, etc.; cf.: ultra, intra, extra, citra], orig., in comparison with; hence, over against, fronting, in front, opposite, in opposition to, against, contrary to, opposed to, etc.I.Adv. (referring to an opposed object often with the force of a preposition with ellipsis of a pronoun, = against it, against him, etc.).A.Local.1.Lit., of position in front of a person, place, or thing.a.With verb of being or position expressed or understood.(α).Referring to living beings, opposite, in face of, face to face, facing, in front of, fronting, confronting (not in Cic., Caes., or Sall.):(β).feminam scelestam te, adstans contra, contuor,
Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 26:ut confidenter mihi contra adstitit,
id. Capt. 3, 5, 6; Lucr. 4, 223; 6, 929:signum contra, quoad longissume oculi ferebant, animo finivit,
Liv. 1, 18, 8:stat contra starique jubet,
Juv. 3, 290:stat contra dicitque tibi tua pagina Fures!
Mart. 1, 55, 12:ulmus erat contra,
in front of her, Ov. M. 14, 661:templa vides contra,
in front (of us), id. ib. 7, 587.—Of position in front of the enemy:contra conserta manu,
Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 3: contra consistere, to make front against them, Caes. B. G. 2, 17.—Referring to things and places, over against (it), opposite (to it), on the opposite side (mostly post-Aug.):b.contra jacet Cancer patulam distentus in alvum,
Manil. 2, 253:posita contra Hispania,
Tac. Agr. 11:promuntorium quod contra procedit,
Plin. 4, 2, 3, § 6: relinquendae autem contra erunt vacuae tabellae, on the opposite side, i. e. of the leaf, Quint. 10, 3, 32: illo quaerente cur non decidant contra siti, the antipodes (cf. Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; v. II. A. 1. c. a), Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161.—With the governing verb understood:arguam hanc vidisse apud te contra conservum meum,
face to face, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 91:jam omnia contra circaque hostium plena erant, Liv 5, 37, 8: eadem verba contra (i. e. ponuntur),
side by side, Quint. 9, 3, 36; Verg. A. 6, 23.—With verbs of motion, so as to be opposite to an object or face to face with a person, variously rendered.(α).Referring to persons:(β).accede ad me atque adi contra,
come right up to me, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 23; id. Bacch. 3, 6, 6: hostes crebri cadunt; nostri contra ingruunt, advance to their front (in Plaut. hostility is not implied in contra), id. Am. 1, 1, 84: quis nos pater aut cognatu' volet contra tueri, face to face, eye to eye, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 12 Mull. (Trag. Rel. v. 444 Rib.); Att. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 55 (Trag. Rel. v. 538 ib.):adspicedum contra me = contra adspice me,
Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 56 Lorenz ad lec.:contra adspicere,
id. Mil. 2, 1, 45:contra intueri,
Liv. 1, 16, 6; 9, 6, 8; Sen. Q. N. 1, 3, 6:cum veniret contra Marcianus,
Quint. 6, 3, 95; Plin. 9, 46, 70, § 152.—Of things:2.hic ubi sol radiis... Adversa fulsit nimborum aspergine contra,
Lucr. 6, 525; Cels. 8, 8, 1:quam (turrim) promoti contra validi asseres... perfregere,
Tac. H. 4, 30.—Reciprocally: oscula non pervenientia contra, not coming through (the wall) so as to meet, Ov. M. 4, 80.—Transf. to equivalents of weight, value, and price; so,(α).In Plaut. only in the colloq. phrases auro contra, aurichalco contra, and contra auro (sc. posito); lit., for gold placed against; cf.:(β).aes contrarium, s. v. contrarius: (servus) non carus'st auro contra,
at his weight in gold, Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 30: jam auro contra constat filius, id. Truc. 2, 6, 57 (Speng. aurichalco): auro contra cedo modestum amatorem! A me aurum accipe. Pa. Cedo mihi contra aurichalco quoi ego sano serviam, id. Curc. 1, 3, 45 sq.; id. Mil. 3, 1, 63; 4, 2, 85; id. Ps. 2, 3, 23.—In post-Aug. prose (very rare):3.at si aquae et ejus rei quam contra pensabis par pondus erit, nec pessum ibit, nec exstabit, etc.,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—Of reciprocal actions, = vicissim, in turn, in return, back, on my, his, etc., part, likewise, counter-.(α).In gen.:(β).te ut deludam contra, lusorem meum,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 71:quae me amat, quam ego contra amo,
id. Merc. 5. 2, 77; id. Cist. 1, 1, 96; id. Trin. 4, 2, 55; id. As. 2, 2, 110:qui arguat se, eum contra vincat jurejurando suo,
make a victorious counter-charge, id. Mil. 2, 2, 37:si laudabit haec Illius formam, tu hujus contra (i. e. lauda),
Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 54:audi nunc contra jam,
listen in turn, id. Phorm. 4, 4, 18; id. Ad. 5, 4, 23:at tu mihi contra nunc videre fortunatus, Phaedria, Cui, etc.,
you likewise seem fortunate to me, id. Phorm. 1, 3, 21:Mettius Tullo gratulatur, contra Tullus Mettium benigne alloquitur,
Liv. 1, 28, 1:contra ut me diligat illa,
Cat. 76. 23; Hor. S. 1, 3, 27 Orell. ad loc.—Hence, with ellipsis of inquit, = respondit:cui latrans contra senex,
Phaedr. 5, 10, 7:scietis, inquam, etc., contra Nigrinus: ad quem missi sunt? ego, etc.,
Plin. Ep. 7, 6, 4.—Rarely with inquit, etc., expressed: at ille contra, renidens, Audi, inquit, discipule, etc.,
Gell. 15, 9, 9; cf.:contra talia reddit,
Claud. B. Gild. 379.—With dat. pers.:(γ).consulo quem dolum doloso contra conservo parem,
Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 45:facere contra huic aegre,
Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 10:hiscine contra insidiabere?
id. Hec. 1. 1, 13:tibi contra gratiam Referre,
id. ib. 4, 2, 7.—With item:(δ).item a me contra factum est,
Plaut. Aul. prol. 20:puellam senex Amat et item contra filius,
id. Cas. prol. 49; id. Pers. 5, 2, 36; id. Am. 1, 1, 67; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 25.—Combining a reciprocal with a local relation (A. 1. a. a, and b. a): contra carinantes verba, exchanging abusive words ( face to face), Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 8, 361 (Ann. v. 181 Vahl.): tubae utrimque contra canunt;(ε).Consonat terra,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 73; 1, 1, 86:confer gradum Contra pariter,
id. Ps. 2, 4, 18; id. Truc. 1, 2, 28:video amicam... Ubi contra adspexit me, etc.,
id. Mil. 2, 1, 45; Verg. E. 7, 8; cf. Lucr. 4, 243:vesper adest, juvenes consurgite!... Cernitis, innuptae, juvenes? consurgite contra!
Cat. 62, 6.—Implying also opposition: Pe. Conpellabo. Ph. Orationis aciem contra conferam, Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 20:B.si scias quod donum huic dono contra comparet,
what counter gift, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 63: quod Scipio postulavit... ut, etc. Et quod contra collega postulavit ne, etc., Annal. Trib. Pleb. ap. Gell. 7 (6), 19, 5:si vobis aequa et honesta postulatio videtur, ego contra brevem postulationem adfero,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 2, 7; Nep. Epam. 6, 1;Auct. B. Alex. 24: illo licente contra liceri audeat nemo,
to bid in opposition, Caes. B. G. 1, 18; Liv. 4, 53, 6:agedum pauca accipe contra,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 38.—So in battle:Numidae... Romanorum ordines conturbare... neque contra feriundi copia erat,
Sall. J. 50, 4; and in law: et ab eo is qui adoptat vindicat... et illo contra non vindicante, etc., Gai Inst. 1, 134; 2, 24.—Esp. in replies:oratio contra a Demosthene pro Ctesiphonte edita,
Cic. de Or. 3, 56, 213:dicit accusator haec: primum, etc.... quid contra reus?
id. Clu. 30, 81; id. Fin. 5, 22, 63; Curt. 4, 1, 10; 7, 9, 1.Of opposition, strife, etc., against; constr. absol., with dat., and ne, quominus or quin.1.Of physical exertion.(α).Lit.:(β).concurrunt... aetheriae nubes contra pugnantibu' ventis,
struggling against each other, Lucr. 6. 98:nec nos obniti contra... Sufficimus,
bear up, battle against, Verg. A. 5, 21; Ov. M. 9, 50; 2, 434:at ille contra nititur,
resists, Plin. 2, 38, 38, § 103; 7, 20, 19, § 82:pars remigum, tamquam imperitia... officia nautarum impediebant. Mox contra tendere,
rowed in an opposite direction, Tac. H. 4, 16.—Trop.:2.te rogo ne contrahas ac demittas animum, neque te obrui tamquam fluctu... sinas, contraque erigas ac resistas,
Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 4:et torrens judicem vel nitentem contra feret, cogatque ire qua rapiet,
Quint. 12, 10, 61.— With ne: vi contra niti, ne advorsus eum fiat, Cato ap. Gell. 7 (6), 3, 16.—With quominus, Lucr. 1, 780.—Of mental exertion:3.si tibi vera videntur, Dede manus, aut, si falsum est, accingere contra,
arm yourself against them, Lucr. 2, 1043; 2, 280. —With dat.:siti contra... pugnandum,
Cels. 4, 2 fin. —Of hostile opposition in gen.(α).Lit.:(β).quod animadversum est in eo qui contra omni ratione pugnarunt, non debeo reprehendere,
who made opposition in every way, Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 137; id. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107:contra etiam aliquid abs te profectum ex multis audivi,
something inimical, id. Fam. 5, 5, 2.—Trop.:4.aut alio quovis (sc. colore) qui contra pugnet et obstet,
Lucr. 2, 794; 2, 868.—Of warfare.(α).Lit.:(β).ut eos adversarios existimemus qui arma contra ferant,
Cic. Off. 1, 25, 87; 1, 12, 37; Vell. 2, 28, 4; cf.:quid quod exercitum contra duxit?
Auct. Her. 4, 16, 23:ut si qua ex parte obviam contra veniretur, acie instructa depugnarent,
if they should be attacked by an open charge, Caes. B. G. 7, 28:issentque confestim ad urbem ni venire contra exercitum... audissent,
Liv. 7, 39, 17:cum Romanae legiones contra direxerint,
would oppose their march, Tac. H. 4, 58; id. A. 6, 44.—With dat.:et huic contra itum ad amnem Erinden,
Tac. A. 11, 10.—Trop.:5.quod ubi viderunt corvi, contra auxiliantur, velut adversus communem hostem,
Plin. 10, 74, 95, § 205.—Of legal contests.(α).With verbs of saying; v. 9. a.—(β).Venire contra, of any legal act with the intention to hurt the adversary:(γ).quid? si omnium mortalium Sthenio nemo inimicior quam hic C. Claudius... fuit? si de litteris corruptis contra venit, etc.?
if he made a charge of forgery against him? Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107; cf. II. B. c. b.—On the part of the adversary:(δ).inveniendum contra est, quo distet haec causa a ceteris,
Quint. 5, 10, 114; 9, 2, 35; 12, 8, 10.—Of judgments against the parties or against opinions:6.ne spoliaret fama probatum hominem si contra judicasset,
given an adverse decision, Cic. Off. 3, 19, 77; cf. Val. Max. 7, 2, 4; Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—Of literary opposition.(α).Mostly with verbs of saying; v. 9. a. g.—(β).With other verbs:7.astrologorum artem contra convincere tendit,
Lucr. 5, 728:contra nunc illud pone, etc.,
Sen. Ben. 7, 14, 6:habeat (liber meus) etiam quosdam qui contra sentiant et adversentur,
some dissentients and opponents, Quint. 3, 1, 5; 2, 17, 40; 3, 8, 69.—Of public and political opposition.(α).With verbs of saying; v. 9. a. d.—(β).With petere, to be a candidate for office in opposition to another:8.nihil enim supererat de quo certarent, nihil quod contra peterent,
no office was left for which to canvass against each other, Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91:honores contra petere,
Quint. 6, 1, 17.—With ire, with dat., of an opposing vote in the senate (cf.:pedibus ire): sententia Cassii ut nemo unus contra ire ausus est, ita dissonae voces respondebant,
Tac. A. 14, 45.—Of violation of law, contracts, etc.: contra facere, or contra committere, to violate, transgress a law, etc.: leges esse non ex ejus qui contra commiserit utilitate, spectari oportere, not in the interest of the transgressor, Cic. Inv. 2, 48, 153:9.si quis sub hoc pacto vendiderit ancillam ne prostitueretur, et si contra factum esset,
and if the contract was violated, Dig. 18, 1, 56.—With verbs of saying, etc., contra dicere; less freq. disputare, disserere, pugnare, in the sense of dicere, and contra scribere (often contradico, in one word, in post-Aug. writers; esp. with dat.).a.Absol.(α).Contra dicere, to speak as counsel of the adversary, to plead his cause, in legal proceedings:(β).cum contra dicturus Hortensius esset,
would speak on the other side, Cic. Quint. 24, 77:hoc... contra dicente Cotta judicatum est,
id. Caecin. 33, 97:dixisse ut contra nemo videretur,
id. Brut. 53, 198: ut contra Crassus... exorsus est, began on the other side, id. ib. § 197.—Hence: qui contra dicit, the adversary or counsel of the adversary:contra autem qui dicet, similitudinem infirmare debebit,
Cic. Inv. 2, 50, 151; id. Part. Or. 21, 108.—In the same sense: agens contra: si nos... impares agentium contra ingeniis dixerimus, that we are unequal to the talents of our adversary's counsel, [p. 453] Quint. 4, 1, 8.—To make charges against (rare):(γ).si qui contra vellet dicere, usurum esse eum suo testimonio,
Cic. Clu. 48, 134:qua ratione nemo neque tum item fecerit, neque nunc contra dicat,
id. Quint. 29, 88; so,contra disputare, of objections to or against a witness: nihil contra disputabo priusquam dixerit,
id. Fl. 21, 51.—In gen., to speak on the other side of a question:(δ).fiebat autem ita, ut cum is qui audire vellet dixisset quid sibi videretur, tum ego contra dicerem,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; id. Fin. 2, 1, 2; so,contra disputare and contra scribere,
id. Or. 1, 19, 85; Vitr. 3, 1, 6; Quint. 2, 17, 13; Dig. 9, 2, 21, § 1.—Hence: qui contra dicunt or disputant, the opponents:nec qui contra dicunt causam difficilem repellunt,
Cic. Fin. 3, 1, 2:ad coarguendos qui contra disputant,
to refule his opponents, Quint. 2, 15, 26.—To oppose or object to a proposition, motion, or petition:(ε). (ζ).quam palam principes dixerunt contra!
protested against it, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 16, § 41; Caes. B. C. 1, 32; Cic. Clu. 47, 130.—With pugnare:cum decerneretur frequenti senatu, contra pugnante Pisone, etc.,
Cic. Att. 1, 14, 5:filius ejus incolumitatem optat: contradicit pater,
the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 85; 9, 2, 83; Plin. ap. Gell. 9, 16, 5; Cic. Dom. 33, 87:contradicente nullo,
Suet. Caes. 20; Dig. 3, 3, 15.—Abl. absol. impers.:b.explorandum videtur an etiam contradicto aliquando judicio consuetudo firmata sit,
whether the custom has been confirmed by judgment upon a judicial contest, Dig. 1, 3, 34.—With acc. neutr. pron., to object, to make or raise an objection, to reply; esp. in legal proceedings:c.ego enim, te disputante, quid contra dicerem meditabar,
Cic. N. D. 3, 1, 1:ut contra si quid dicere velit non audiatur,
id. Fin. 5, 10, 27:aiebat illum primo sane diu multa contra (i. e. dixisse), ad extremum autem, etc.,
id. Att. 2, 22, 2.— Hence: quod contra dicitur, or quae contra dicuntur, the objections:ut et id quod intenderemus confirmare, et id quod contra diceretur refellere (possemus),
refute the objections, Cic. de Or. 1, 20, 90:quia neque reprehendi quae contra dicuntur possunt, etc.,
id. ib. 2, 81, 331; id. Inv. 2, 44, 127; Quint. 1, 2, 17.—In the same sense, as subst.: contrā dicta, orum, n. plur.:seu proposita confirmamus, sive contra dicta dissolvimus,
or refute the objections, Quint. 4, prooem. 6.—With acc. and inf.:dicitur contra, nullum esse testamentum,
the objection is made that there is no testament, Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 42.—With dat., written in one word (post-Aug.).(α).To oppose a person by speaking against his views:(β).solitum se etiam Thraseae contradicere,
to oppose even Thrasea, Tac. H. 2, 91:tibi,
Suet. Aug. 54:Curioni...,
id. Rhet. 1. —Hence of answers and replies in law: quid si filium testatoris heres ejus prohibuit? Huic contradici potest: ergo pietatis, etc., he may be answered by this plea, etc., Dig. 11, 7, 14, § 13.—And of advisory answers opposed to one's legal views:volenti mihi ream adulterii postulare eam, etc., contradictum est,
my views were disapproved, rejected, Dig. 48, 5, 11, § 10.—To oppose an opinion, with dat. of the thing:(γ).cum plures tantum sententiis aliorum contradicerent,
opposed the opinions, Tac. H. 1, 39.—To object to a motion or petition, with dat. of the petitioner:(δ).patrem qui damnavit optat ne is torqueatur: pater ei contradicit,
the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 81:cum ambienti ut legibus solveretur multi contradicerent,
Suet. Caes. 18; Dig. 40, 5, 14; 40, 12, 33.—With dat. of the petition:(ε).preces erant, sed quibus contradici non posset,
which could not be denied, Tac. H. 4, 46 fin.; Dig. 3, 1, 1, § 2.—To contest the validity of a law (rare):(ζ).quibus (legibus) contradici potest,
Quint. 7, 7, 4.—To contradict an assertion (very rare):d.pro certis autem habemus... cuicunque adversarius non contradicit,
Quint. 5, 10, 13.—With quin, to object:C.praetor Samnitibus respondit... nec contra dici quin amicitia de integro reconcilietur,
there was no objection to a reconciliation, Liv. 8, 2, 2.To one's disadvantage; mostly predic. with esse, unfavorable, adverse, damaging (post-Aug.;D.but cf. II. B. 2.): ut eum qui responsurus est vel tacere, vel etiam invitum id quod sit contra cogat fateri,
Quint. 7, 3, 14:cum verba (legis) contra sint,
id. 7, 1, 49:sed experimentum contra fuit,
unsuccessful, Tac. H. 2, 97 fin.:ubi fortuna contra fuit,
id. ib. 3, 18:si fortuna contra daret,
should be unfavorable, id. ib. 1, 65 fin.; id. A. 15, 13.Of logical opposition, with negative force.1.Of a direct contrast.a.Predicatively, with esse, fieri, etc., the contrary, the opposite:b.quod fieri totum contra manifesta docet res,
but experience teaches that just the contrary is true, Lucr. 3, 686; 4, 1088:in stultitia contra est,
with fools the reverse is true, Cic. Clu. 31, 84:in hac quidem re vereor ne etiam contra (i. e. sit),
id. Att. 12, 46; id. Off. 1, 15, 49:quod contra est,
Sall. J. 85, 21:quis non credat, etc.? Contra autem est,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 12; id. Ep. 7, 3; Dig. 37, 4, 4:contra fore si, etc.,
ib. 34, 2, 39, § 2:immo forsitan et contra (i. e. erit),
ib. 41, 3, 49:ego contra puto (i. e. esse),
Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 7; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 25.—With evenire, accidere, sentire, scribere, habere, etc.:c.utrumque contra accidit: istic enim bellum est exortum, hic pax consecuta,
of both the contrary has happened, Cic. Fam. 12, 18, 2; so Dig. 38, 2, 51:id ego contra puto (sc.: faciendum esse),
id. Att. 10, 8, 2:contra evenit in iis morbis,
Sen. Ep. 52, 7; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 163:ego contra sentio,
Sen. Clem. 1, 15, 5; Sedig. ap. Gell. 15, 24, 4; Dig. 40, 2, 25:Proculus contra (sc. sentit),
ib. 35, 2, 1, § 14; 33, 7, 25:licet Celsus contra scribat,
ib. 9, 2, 21, § 1: contra probatur, Gai Inst. 2, 78; Dig. 33, 7, 12, § 34.—Very rarely referring to a term in the same clause:cujus disparem mitioremque naturam contra interpretabatur,
interpreted in an opposite sense, misinterpreted, misunderstood, Tac. H. 4, 86 fin. —Referring to a word or phrase in the same predicate.(α).To an adverb, in an opposite manner, otherwise, differently, not, etc.:(β).nam ad summam totius rei pertinet, caute an contra demonstrata res sit,
Cic. de Or. 2, 81, 330: quod viriliter animoque fit, id, etc.;quod contra, id turpe,
id. Off. 1, 27, 94:sit sapienter usus aut contra,
Quint. 2, 5, 15:lactuca locis apricis optume autumno ponitur, mediterraneis aut frigidis contra ( = pessime),
Col. 11, 3, 25.—To a predicative adjective, not, the opposite, the reverse, etc.:(γ).ut aliae (res) probabiles videantur aliae contra,
improbable, Cic. Ac. 2, 32, 103; id. Off. 2, 2, 7:quid est quod me impediat ea quae probabilia mihi videantur sequi, quae contra, improbare,
id. ib. 2, 2, 8; id. Or. 2, 31, 135; Quint. 4, 2, 52.—To a verbal predicate:(δ).an frater fratri exsistat heres, an contra ( = annon),
Dig. 34, 5, 19.—To a subject infinitive:(ε).laudare testem vel contra pertinet ad momentum judiciorum,
praising or censuring a witness, Quint. 3, 7, 2.—To a clause, translated by not or by a repetition of the clause with a negative:(ζ).quae secundum naturam essent, ea sumenda et quadam aestimatione dignanda docebat, contraque contraria,
those that were not, not, Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 36: quod cuidam aut sapiens videor quod una non jerim, aut felix fuisse;mihi contra,
id. Att. 9, 12, 4: an credibile est, incestum cum filia commissum? Et contra, veneficum in noverca, adulterum in luxurioso? and incredible, etc., Quint. 5, 10, 19; so Dig. 9, 1, 2, § 1.—To an attributive genitive:2.Marius cognoscere quid boni utrisque or contra esset (i. e. mali),
Sall. J. 88, 2:verum de origine laudis contraque perspiciemus suo tempore (i. e. vituperationis),
Quint. 2, 4, 21:alii a propositione accusatoris contraque loci oriuntur,
the accuser and the accused, id. 7, 2, 31;so in several titles of the Digests, as Depositi vel contra, = actio depositi, vel contraria actio depositarii,
Dig. 16, 3 tit.; so ib. 16, 17, 1; 16, 13, 6; 16, 13, 7.—Reversing the relation of terms in the preceding sentence, the reverse, conversely, vice versa, etc.a.With its own predicate: saepe... corpus aegret, Cum tamen ex alia laetamur parte latenti;b.Et retro fit uti contra sit saepe vicissim, Cum miser ex animo laetatur corpore toto,
Lucr. 3, 108: illa altera argumentatio, quasi retro et contra, prius sumit, etc., ( proceeding), so to speak, backward and in inverted order, Cic. Part. Or. 13, 46: neque illud ignoro, etc.; sed non idem accidit contra, but the converse is not true, Quint. 8, 6, 3; Gell. 4, 2, 5: ut vocabula verbis, verba rursus adverbiis, nomina appositis et pronominibus essent priora. Nam fit contra quoque frequenter non indecore. for often, not inelegantly, the order is reversed, Quint. 9, 4, 24:quae etiam contra valent,
i. e. if the terms are reversed, id. 3, 7, 25; 9, 2, 49; 8, 6, 25; 9, 4, 72.—Belonging to the same predicate:E.ut quidque erit dicendum ita dicet, nec satura jejune, nec grandia minute, nec item contra,
Cic. Or. 36, 123:cum emtor venditori, vel contra, heres exstitit,
Dig. 35, 2, 48:in quibus patrium pro possessivo dicitur, vel contra,
Quint. 1, 5, 45; 5, 10, 71:junguntur autem aut ex nostro et peregrino, ut biclinium, aut contra, ut epitogium et Anticato,
id. 1, 5, 68:ut capras in montosis potius locis quam in herbidis (pascar), equas contra,
but with mares the reverse is the case, Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 16:itaque ille dicere melius quam praecipere, nos contra fortasse possumus,
Cic. Or. 42, 143:qua collegi solent ex his quae faciunt ea quae faciuntur, aut contra,
or vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 80; Dig. 14, 1, 1, § 12; 48, 5, 23, § 4.In logical antithesis of clauses with a merely rhet. force, on the contrary, on the other hand, vice versa; sometimes almost = sed or autem (freq.).1.In independent clauses.a.Opposing persons or parties: fortunam insanam esse... perhibent philosophi... Sunt autem alii philosophi qui contra Fortunam negant ullam exstare, Pac. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 23, 36 (Trag. Rel. v. 372 Rib.); Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68; Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 1:b.ego etiam quae tu sine Verre commisisti Verri crimini daturus sum... Tu, contra, ne quae ille quidem fecit, obicies,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 11, 35:ego contra ostendo, non modo nihil fecisse Sex. Roscium, sed, etc.,
id. Rosc. Am. 29, 79; id. Phil. 8, 3, 8; id. Off. 1, 30, 108; id. Fin. 5, 22, 62:in Italia bellum gerimus, in sede ac solo nostro... Hannibal contra in aliena, in hostili est terra,
Liv. 22, 39, 13; 21, 50, 2; 3, 15, 2; 6, 7, 4; 9, 35, 4 et saep.; Nep. Alcib. 8, 1; Vell. 2, 31, 4; Sen. Ep. 9, 14; id. Ira, 2, 33, 6; Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 113; Tac. H. 3, 84; 3, 57; Suet. Tib. 2; id. Vit. 2; Just. 2, 1, 10; 8, 4, 11:contra mercator, navim jactantibus austris Militia est potior?
Hor. S. 1, 1, 6; 1, 2, 30; 1, 3, 27; Prop. 2, 1, 45; 2, 23, 13 (3, 17, 3); Sen. Hippol. 214;so with versa vice: barbarae gentes (Alexandrum) non ut hostem, sed ut parentem luxerunt... Contra Macedones versa vice non ut civem, sed ut hostem amissum gaudebant,
Just. 13, 1, 7.—Introducing a secondary or parallel opposition of thought: in loco umidiore far potius serunt quam triticum;2.contra in aridiore hordeum potius quam far,
Varr. R. R. 1, 9, 4; 1, 1, 47: si nihil esset quod inane vocaret, Omne foret solidum;nisi contra corpora certe Essent, etc., Omne quod est spatium vacuum constaret inane,
Lucr. 1, 521; 4, 348; cf.:justa omnia decora sunt, injusta contra, ut turpia, sic indecora,
Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94; id. N. D. 2, 15, 41; id. de Or. 3, 33, 136; id. Quint. 30, 93: id. Off. 3, 21, 84; id. Leg. 2, 1, 2: facilem esse rem... si modo unum omnes sentiant; contra in dissensione nullam se salutem perspicere, Caes. B. G, 5, 31; Liv. 25, 30, 3; Sen. Ben. 1, 5, 2; Plin. 12, 19, 42, § 92; 11, 14, 14, § 35; Suet. Caes. 73; Gell. 1, 4, 5:si male rem gerere insani est, contra bene, sani,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 74.—In opposition to a dependent clause:3.ut hi miseri, sic contra illi beati quos, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 16; so id. de Or. 1, 45, 198; Quint. 9, 3, 39:cui ego rei tantum abest ut impedimento sim, ut contra te M. Manli adhorter, etc.,
Liv. 6, 15, 5; 6, 31, 4:cum virtus adeo neminem spe ac pollicitatione corrumpat, ut contra in se inpendere jubeat, ac, etc.,
Sen. Ben. 4, 1, 2: aut igitur negemus quidquam ratione confici, cum contra nihil sine ratione recte fieri possit, aut, etc., whereas on the contrary, etc., Cic. Tusc. 4, 38, 84; cf.:at contra,
Lucr. 2, 392.—With co-ordinate conjunctions.a.Copulative, et contra or contraque (never with ac or atque); also nec contra (rare), and on the other hand.(α).With reference to a reason or conclusion, after nam, enim, cum, or itaque: nam et ratione uti... omnique in re quid sit veri videre et tueri decet, contraque falli [p. 454]... tam dedecet quam, etc., Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94:(β).malus est enim custos... metus, contraque benevolentia fidelis,
id. ib. 2, 7, 23:cum reficiat animos varietas ipsa, contraque sit aliquanto difficilius in labore uno perseverare,
Quint. 1, 12, 4; 3, 8, 32; 8, 6, 20:itaque in probris maxime in promptu est, si quid tale dici potest, etc. Contraque in laudibus, etc.,
Cic. Off. 1, 18, 61; cf. Suet. Calig. 51; so with nec:nam nec comoedia cothurnis assurgit, nec contra tragoedia socculo ingreditur,
Quint. 10, 2, 22.—With contrasted examples or illustrations, often after ut or sic:(γ).audivi ex majoribus natu, hoc idem fuisse in P. Scipione Nasica, contraque patrem ejus... nullam comitatem habuisse sermonis,
Cic. Off. 1, 30, 109:ut suspitionibus credi oportere, et contra suspitionibus credi non oportere,
id. Inv. 2, 15, 48; Quint. 8, 4, 1; 5, 10, 48; 9, 3, 7; 9, 4, 52; 11, 1, 14; Sen. Ep. 82, 14; Dig. 17, 1, 22, § 4.—With contrasted actions, assumptions, etc.:(δ).atque utinam qui ubique sunt propugnatores hujus imperii possent in hanc civitatem venire, et contra oppugnatores rei publicae de civitate exterminari!
Cic. Balb. 22, 51:domo pignori data, et area ejus tenebitur... et contra jus soli sequitur aedificium,
Dig. 13, 7, 21:equo et asina genitos mares, hinnos antiqui vocabant: contraque mulos quos asini et equae generassent,
Plin. 8, 44, 69, § 17: ceterum potest ex lege quidem esse judicium, sed legitimum non esse, et contra ex lege non esse, sed legitimum esse, Gai Inst. 4, 109; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161; 35, 15, 5, § 183.—After a negative clause, affirming the opposite idea, et contra or contraque, but on the contrary:b.in quo (consulatu) ego imperavi nihil, et contra patribus conscriptis et bonis omnibus parui,
Cic. Sull. 7, 21:nunc vero cum ne pulsus quidem ita sim ut superare non possim, contraque a populo Romano semper sim defensus, etc.,
id. Dom. 33, 88; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Marcell. 6, 20; so,et contra,
Suet. Tit. 7.—With adversative conjunctions, at contra, sed contra, contra autem, contra vero (not verum contra, nor contra tamen).(α).At contra (freq.), merely a strengthened contra (v. 1. supra): huc accedit uti mellis lactisque liquores Jucundo sensu linguae tractentur in ore;(β).At contra taetri absinthi natura... foedo pertorqueat ora sapore,
Lucr. 2, 400:cogunt,
id. 2, 74; 1, 366; 2, 235 et saep.: nos qui domi sumus, tibi beati videmur;at contra nobis tu quidem... prae nobis beatus,
Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 2; id. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; id. Rosc. Am. 45, 131; id. Verr. 2, 5, 26, § 66; Sall. J. 36, 2; 4, 7; 15, 3; id. C. 12, 5:ideo siccas aiunt Aethiopiae solitudines... At contra constat Germaniam abundare rivis,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 6, 2; 1, 3, 1; id. Ep. 100, 7; Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 186; Suet. Galb. 15; Tac. A. 4, 28.—Sed contra, after a negative sentence (class.):(γ).non quo acui ingenia adulescentium nollem, sed contra ingenia obtundi nolui,
Cic. de Or. 3, 24, 93; id. Att. 9, 15, 3; id. Ac. 1, 10, 35; id. Fl. 11, 26:arma populi Romani non liberis servitutem, sed contra servientibus libertatem adferre,
Liv. 45, 18, 1:tu ne cede malis, sed contra audentior ito,
Verg. A. 6, 95; Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 12.—PostAug. also without a preceding negation:obiisse nostro Laium scelere autumant superi inferique: sed animus contra innocens... negat,
Sen. Oedip. 765; Symm. Ep. 6, 81.—Contra autem (rare;(δ).in Cic. only where different subjects have contrasted predicates in dependent clauses): quia pacis est insigne toga, contra autem arma tumultus atque belli,
Cic. Pis. 30, 73.—In later writers = contra alone:sub septemtrione aedificia... conversa ad calidas partes oportere fieri videntur. Contra autem sub impetu solis meridiani regionibus conversa ad septemtrionem... sunt facienda,
Vitr. 6, 1, 2; Gell. 14, 2, 19; Dig. 7, 1, 25, § 3; 34, 3, 25.—Contra vero (very rare;(ε).not in Cic.), used for contra: contra vero quercus infinitam habet aeternitatem,
Vitr. 2, 9, 8; 6, 1, 3; Cels. 3, 6 fin. —Atqui contra, App. Mag. p. 287, 24.—c.With disjunctive conjunctions, aut contra, vel contra, seu contra, or on the contrary, or conversely (always without change of subject).(α).Aut contra:(β).num aut scriptum neget, aut contra factum infitietur?
Cic. Part. Or. 38, 133: quae (mens) aut languescit... aut contra tumescit, etc., Quint. 1, 2, 18:si imbres defuere, aut contra abundavere,
Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 228.—Vel contra:(γ).hinc enim quaestiones oriuntur: Injuriam fecisti, sed quia magistratus, majestatis actio est? Vel contra: Licuit... quia magistratus?
Quint. 5, 10, 40; 9, 4, 96; Suet. Galb. 3; Dig. 35, 2, 56, § 4; 8, 4, 6.—Seu contra:d.seu tristis veniam, seu contra laetus amicis,
Prop. 1, 11, 25.—With causal conjunctions, nam contra (very rare;4.never contra enim): falso queritur de natura sua genus humanum quod, etc. Nam contra, reputando, neque majus aliud, neque praestabilius invenies,
Sall. J. 1, 1; Quint. 1, 1, 1; 9, 2, 23. —In late Lat., e contra (also one word, ēcontrā) = contra,(α).In the meaning, the contrary (D. 1.):(β).aliis vero econtra videtur,
Hier. Ep. 12.—Et econtra = et contra (E. 3. a.):5.honestiorum provectu et econtra suppliciis,
Aur. Vict. Caes. 39, 45.—For quod contra, v. II. E. 1. c.—With emphatic particles.a.Quin contra, nay on the contrary, opposing an affirmative sentence to a preceding negative statement (quin etiam amplifies without opposition; sed contra opposes without amplification; quin contra both opposes and amplifies);b.not before Livy: num qui enim socordius rempublicam administrari post Calvi tribunatum... quam? etc. Quin contra patricios aliquot damnatos... neminem plebeium,
Liv. 6, 37, 8; 31, 31, 9; 35, 26, 10; 37, 15, 3.—Immo contra (post-Aug.).(α).= no, on the contrary, refuting opinions, after questions and in the form of a dialogue:(β).existimas nunc me detrahere tibi multas voluptates?... Immo contra, nolo tibi umquam deesse laetitiam,
Sen. Ep. 23, 3; Dig. 33, 7, 5; 33, 7, 29.—= sed contra, but on the contrary:c.proinde ne submiseris te, immo contra fige stabilem gradum,
Sen. Cons. Marc. 5, 6; id. Cons. Polyb. 15, 2; cf. prep.:immo contra ea,
Liv. 41, 24, 8; cf. II. E. 1. b. infra.—Item contra = an emphatic et contra (very rare):F.quoniam... beate vivere alii in alio, vos in voluptate ponitis, item contra miseriam in dolore, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 86; cf. I. A. 3. g supra.With a comparative clause introduced by ac, atque, or quam, representing a logical or moral opposition (contra atque debuit = non ita ut debuit; cf. Cic. Or. 3, 19, 70); cf. prep., II. C. 3. g, and II. E. 2. infra.1.Of logical opposition, contrary to, different from, otherwise than; in the best prose only with atque or ac.(α).With atque:(β).item, contra atque apud nos, fieri ad Elephantinem ut neque ficus neque vites amittant folia,
Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 6:simulacrum Jovis, contra atque ante fuerat, ad orientem convertere,
Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20; id. Sull. 24, 69:judicium suscepturos contra atque omnis Italia populusque Romanus judicavisset,
Caes. B. C. 3, 12; id. B. G. 4, 13; Plin. 12, 19, 43, § 95.—With ac:(γ).itaque contra est ac dicitis,
Cic. Fin. 4, 15, 41:vides, omnia fere contra ac dicta sint evenisse,
id. Div. 2, 24, 53; so id. Verr. 2, 4, 6, § 11; id. Or. 40, 137:cum contra ac Deiotarus sensit victoria belli judicaret,
id. Phil. 11, 13, 34:Petreius ubi videt, Catilinam, contra ac ratus erat, magna vi tendere, etc.,
Sall. C. 60, 5.—With ac and atque:(δ).si denique aliquid non contra ac liceret factum diceretur, sed contra atque oporteret,
Cic. Balb. 3, 7.—With quam (post-Aug.):2.cui contra quam proposuerat aliqua cesserunt,
Sen. Ira, 3, 6, 5; Plin. 10, 53, 74, § 149; 11, 21, 24, § 72; Gell. 6 (7), 8, 6:contra quam licet,
id. 1, 3, 19; Sil. 15, 107.—Of moral opposition of acts contrary to rules and principles (cf. II. 3. g infra); so always with quam:II.mater Aviti, generi sui, contra quam fas erat, amore capta,
contrary to the divine law, Cic. Clu. 5, 12:ut senatus, contra quam ipse censuisset, ad vestitum rediret,
contrary to its own resolution, id. Pis. 8, 18:contra quam ista causa postulasset,
id. Caecin. 24, 67:contra quam sanctum legibus est,
Liv. 30, 19, 9; Cic. Leg. 2, 5, 11; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 2; id. Dom. 46, 122:contraque faciunt quam polliceri videntur,
Auct. Her. 4, 3, 6; Cic. de Or. 2, 20, 86.Prep. with acc., before, against, facing, towards, opposite to, contrary to (acc. to many scholars not ante-class.; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 108; but found Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 24 Fleck., a line omitted by Lorenz as a gloss; id. Pers. 1, 1, 13 Ritschl; Att. ap. Non. p. 469, 15, or Trag. Rel. v. 476 Rib.; cf. also Plaut. Poen. 5, 6, 18; Cato, R. R. 18, 1, and v. I. A. 1. a. b, and I. A. 1. b. a supra).A.Local uses.1.Opposite, over against, facing.a.Of countries and places (mostly of those separated by water;b.adversus and e regione mostly of places opposite by land): insulae natura triquetra, cujus unum latus est contra Galliam,
Caes. B. G. 5, 13; 3, 9; 4, 20:ad insulam quae est contra Massiliam,
id. B. C. 1, 56; 3, 23:Rhodios, pacatis contra insulam suam terris, etc.,
Liv. 37, 15, 7; 3, 26, 8:Carthago Italiam contra,
Verg. A. 1, 13; 5, 124; Ov. M. 14, 17:insulae quae contra Tauri promuntorium inopportune navigantibus objacent, Chelidoniae nominantur,
Mel. 2, 7; Plin. 3, 26, 30, § 151; 6, 28, 32, § 152; 5, 7, 7, § 41; Tac. A. 3, 1; id. H. 2, 17.—Of the heavenly bodies:c.donique (luna) eum (sc. solem) contra pleno bene lumine fulsit,
Lucr. 5, 708:contra Volucris rostrum posita est Lyra,
Vitr. 9, 4, 5; Sen. Q. N. 1, 5, 9; 1, 8, 3; Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99; 5, 10, 10, § 56.—So, tertium (latus Britanniae) est contra septem triones, opposite ( facing); hence, contra meridiem and contra ortus (instead of ad or adversus meridiem, etc.), facing the south and east, Plin. 6, 24, 24, § 85; 17, 2, 2, § 22. —So of a person standing in the sunlight:cum minima umbra (i. e. a sole) contra medium fiet hominem,
Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 327; cf.:contra mediam faciem meridies erit,
id. 18, 33, 76, § 326.—Of opposite ends of a line.(α).Of the diameter of the earth: esse e regione nobis e contraria parte terrae qui adversis vestigiis stent contra nostra vestigia, quos antipodas vocatis, Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123.—(β).Of a line drawn:d.contra autem E littera I erit ubi secat circinationem linea,
opposite the point E will be the letter I, Vitr. 9, 7, 4.—Of buildings, etc.:e.contra hoc aviarium est aliud minus in quo quae mortuae sunt aves curator servare solet,
Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 5; Vitr. 5, 6, 3; 3, 5, 15:(statuam) quae fuerit contra Jovis Statoris aedem in vestibulo Superbi domus,
Plin. 34, 6, 13, § 29:contra medium fere porticum diaeta paulum recedit,
Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 20; 2, 17, 5; Suet. Aug. 44.—Of places on the human body:2.id quod contra stomachum est,
Cels. 4, 5 (4, 12 med.); 7, 7;4, 20 (13).—Of the direction of the intestines, etc.: ea... contra medium alvum orsa,
Cels. 4, 1 fin. —Of actions, opposite, towards, against, facing (syn.:a.adversus, ad, e regione,
Caes. B. G. 7, 61).In gen.:b.quamvis subito... quamque Rem contra speculum ponas, apparet imago,
Lucr. 4, 156: Democritus... clipeum constituit contra exortum Hyperionis, Laber. ap. Gell. 10, 17, 4:et contra magnum potes hos (i.e. oculos) attollere solem, Nec tremis...?
Prop. 1, 15, 37; Col. 7, 3, 8:rex constiterat contra pedites,
Curt. 10, 9, 13; 9, 5, 1:ne contra septentrionem paveris,
Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 330; 28, 6, 19, § 69:contra solem varie refulgens,
placed in the sun, id. 37, 10, 63, § 173; 10, 54, 75, § 151; 37, 6, 22, § 83;37, 7, 25, § 95: cum terrestres volucres contra aquam clangores dabunt,
id. 18, 35, 87, § 363; 19, 8, 39, § 131.—Dependent on verbs of motion (very rare without the idea of hostility):c.(Dinocrates) incessit contra tribunal regis jus dicentis,
towards, Vitr. 2, praef. 1.—So trop., of actions done for a purpose:lege Cornelia de sicariis tenetur qui, cum in magistratu esset, eorum quid fecerit contra hominis necem quod legibus permissum non sit,
Dig. 48, 8, 4.—Appositively, with the predicate: (elephanti) tanta narratur clementia contra minus validos, ut, etc., if fronting weaker animals, if brought in contact with them (not to be connected with clementia), Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 23.—Similarly: dum... fidens non est contra feram, if fronting the animal (not dependent on fidens), Plin. 8, 16, 21, § 57.—d.Against an opposing action, etc.:e.contra vim atque impetum fluminis conversa,
Caes. B. G. 4, 17, 5:cum plateae contra directos ventos erunt conformatae,
Vitr. 1, 6, 8:ut contra ventum gregem pascamus,
Col. 7, 3, 12; Sen. Q. N. 2, 31, 2; Plin. 29, 3, 12, § 52; 17, 2, 2, § 21; 8, 16, 21, § 54:contra fluminum impetus aggeribus,
id. 35, 14, 48, § 169:capite in sole contra pilum peruncto,
id. 27, 4, 5, § 17; 18, 35, 88, § 364; Varr. ap. Plin. 7, 20, 19, § 83; Sil. 14, 352; Dig. 9, 2, 29, § 4. [p. 455] — Trop.:contra fortunam tenendus est cursus,
Sen. Prov. 5, 9.—Prov.:contra stimulum calces,
kick against the pricks, Isid. Orig. 1, 36, 28 (al. calcitres); cf. Amm. 18, 5, 1.—Of local actions with hostile intent.(α).Lit.:(β).quae vis Coclitem contra omnes hostium copias tenuit?
Cic. Par. 1, 2, 12:Pompeium Cartejae receptum scribis: jam igitur contra hunc exercitum (sc. constitit),
id. Att. 15, 20, 3:pertimescam, credo, ne mihi non liceat contra vos in contione consistere,
to face you, id. Agr. 1, 8, 25; Lepidus ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 34, 1; Caes. B. C. 1, 26:a fronte contra hostem pedum quindecim fossam fieri jussit,
id. ib. 1, 41; 1, 42; id. B. G. 7, 62:Tullus adversus Veientem hostem derigit suos: Albanos contra legionem Fidenatium collocat,
Liv. 1, 27, 5; 24, 41, 5; 38, 4, 5; Verg. A. 12, 279; Front. Strat. 2, 2, 13; 2, 3, 17.—Appositively, with a local verb understood:terribilis haec contra fugientes belua est, fugax contra insequentes,
i. e. if fronting, if placed opposite, Plin. 8, 25, 38, § 92.—Trop.:f.castra sunt in Italia contra populum Romanum in Etruriae faucibus collocata,
Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 5; id. Mil. 1, 2; Quint. 7, 7, 5:tum contra hanc Romam illa altera Roma quaeretur,
will be as a rival against this Rome, Cic. Agr. 2, 22, 86:cui rationi contra homines barbaros atque imperitos locus fuisset, hac ne ipsum quidem sperare, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 40:(Cicero) plerumque contra inimicos atque obtrectatores plus vindicat sibi,
when fronting adversaries, Quint. 11, 1, 23.—In partic.(α).Stare contra aliquem (opp. stare ab aliquo); usu. implying hostility; mostly trop., to stand against, to be arrayed against, to face, oppose:(β).quod contra hoc exemplum nulla staret eorum ratio,
Auct. Her. 4, 5, 7:contra populi studium,
Cic. Brut. 34, 126:contra civium perditorum... dementiam a senatu et a bonorum causa,
id. ib. 79, 273; so,a mendacio contra veritatem,
id. Inv. 1, 3, 4:contra cives in acie,
id. Att. 16, 11, 2:et adversi contra stetit ora juvenci,
opposite, Verg. A. 5, 477; 5, 414:haec enim (ratio) sola... stat contra fortunam,
Sen. Ep. 14, 4, 2: contra leonem etiam stetit, fronted, i. e. hunted, Spart. Carac. 5 fin. —Contra aliquem ire:3.aut saevos Libyae contra ire leones,
Stat. Th. 9, 16.— Trop.:uti contra injurias armati eatis,
Sall. J. 31, 6:interritus (sapiens) et contra illa (mala) ibit et inter illa,
Sen. Ep. 59, 8; cf.: contra venire, II. B. 1. c. b infra, and v. also II. B. 2. b. and II. B. 1. b. infra.—Transf.,a.To persons placed together for comparison:b.C. vero Caesar, si foro tantum vacasset, non alius ex nostris contra Ciceronem nominaretur,
Quint. 10, 1, 114:CORONATO CONTRA OMNES SCAENICOS,
Inscr. Grut. p. 331, n. 4.—To things compared, as if weighed against each other as to their value, strength, etc.(α).Lit. (very rare):(β).quamcunque vis rem expende, et contra aquam statue... Si gravior est, leviorem rem... feret, etc.,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—Prop.:c.cujus (i. e. generis humani) causa videtur cuncta alia genuisse natura, magna saeva mercede contra tanta sua munera,
Plin. 7, 1, 1, § 1:qui amicus esse coepit quia expedit, placebit ei aliquod pretium contra amicitiam,
Sen. Ep. 9, 9:numquam ulli fortiores cives fuerunt quam qui ausi sunt eum contra tantas opes ejus... condemnare,
Cic. Fam. 7, 2, 3:tantum studium bonorum in me exstitisse, contra incredibilem contentionem clarissimi et potentissimi viri,
id. ib. 7, 2, 2; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9, 3:nomen prorogans nostrum et memoriam extendens contra brevitatem aevi,
as a compensation for, Plin. 2, 63, 63, § 154.—So esp., valere contra, to weigh against, counterbalance, avail or prevail against: non vereor ne meae vitae modestia parum valitura sit contra falsos rumores, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 8:(illa facta) pro periculo potius quam contra salutem valere debere,
Cic. Part. Or. 35, 120; id. Off. 3, 29, 104:contrane lucrum nil valere Pauperis ingenium?
Hor. Epod. 11, 11; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 1; id. Cons. Helv. 5, 5; so,robur habere contra: si contra unamquamlibet partem fortunae satis tibi roboris est,
id. ib. 13, 2;so of counterchecks: in Creta decem qui cosmoe vocantur, ut contra consulare imperium tribuni plebis, sic illi contra vim regiam constituti,
Cic. Rep. 2, 33, 58.—Of antidotes: cimicum natura contra serpentium morsus valere dicitur, item contra venena omnia, Plin. 29, 4, 17, § 61.—Hence,Colloq., aliquid contra aurum est, something is worth gold, is superb, both predicatively and attributively (cf.: auro contra, I. A. 2. supra): hujusce pomaria in summa Sacra Via ubi poma veneunt, contra aurum imago, a spectacle for gold, i. e. a magnificent sight, Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 10 MSS. (al. aliter):d.numcubi hic vides citrum... num quod emblema aut lithostratum? quae illic omnia contra aurum,
superb, id. ib. 3, 2, 4 MSS. (Schneid. omits aurum, ex conj.):oneravi vinum, et tunc erat contra aurum,
Petr. 7, 6.—Transf., of replies, with aiebat, inquit, etc.; both in friendly and inimical sense; esp., contra ea, contra haec, = the adv. contra:B.contra ea Titurius sero facturos clamitabat, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 5, 29:contra ea Verginius unum Ap. Claudium et legum expertem et, etc., aiebat,
Liv. 3, 57, 1; 24, 45, 4:quae contra breviter fata est vates,
Verg. A. 6, 398:contra quod disertus Tu impie fecisti inquit, etc.,
Quint. 7, 1, 53 (cf.: contra ea, II. E. 1. infra).Denoting hostility or disadvantage.1.With verbs of hostile action.a.Of physical exertion:b.pugnavere et tertio consulatu ejus viginti (elephanti) contra pedites quingentos,
Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 22:proelium Afri contra Aegyptios primi fecere fustibus,
id. 7, 56, 57, § 200; 8, 40, 61, § 142. —Referring to warfare (usu. adversus), bellum gerere (rarely for cum or adversus; but contra patriam, contra aras, etc., not cum patria, etc.; cf.c.bellum, II. A. 1. e.): a quo prohibitos esse vos contra Caesarem gerere bellum (opp. pro),
Cic. Lig. 8, 25; id. Phil. 5, 10, 27; Liv. Ep. 129.—With bellum suscipere:contra Antonium,
Cic. Phil. 8, 2, 5; so,contra patriam,
id. Sull. 20, 58:pugnare contra patriam,
id. ib. 25, 70:contra conjuges et liberos,
Sen. Ben. 5, 15, 5:armatum esse contra populum Romanum,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 32.—With arma ferre (freq.), Cic. Phil. 2, 29, 72; 13, 21, 47; Liv. 28, 28, 15; Nep. Att. 4, 2; Tib. 1, 6, 30; Ov. M. 4, 609; 13, 269; id. P. 1, 1, 26.—With arma sumere or capere, Cic. Rab. Perd. 6, 19; id. Phil. 4, 1, 2; 4, 3, 7:armis contendere contra,
Caes. B. G. 2, 13:arma alicui dare (trop.),
Cic. Phil. 2, 21, 53:aciem instruere (trop.),
Liv. 25, 4, 4:exercitum comparare,
Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 14; 4, 1, 2:exercitum instruere,
id. Cat. 2, 11, 24:exercitum ducere and adducere,
id. Phil. 4, 2, 5; 3, 4, 11:exercitum contra Philippum mittere,
id. Inv. 1, 12, 17:naves ducere contra,
Hor. Epod. 4, 19:ducere contra hostes,
Liv. 1, 27, 4:florem Italiae educere contra,
Cic. Cat. 2, 11, 24:proficisci contra,
to march against, Liv. 1, 11, 3; 8, 2, 5:auxilium ferre Rutulis contra Latinos,
Plin. 14, 12, 14, § 88:juvare aliquem contra,
Caes. B. C. 1, 35:consilium inire contra Sequanos,
to take hostile measures against, id. B. G. 6, 12.—Of legal contention (more freq. adversus, except with verbs of saying).(α).In gen., with agere or causam agere, to act as counsel against a party or his attorney:(β).cum agerem contra hominem disertissimum nostrae civitatis,
Cic. Caecin. 33, 97; id. Brut. 63, 226; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 3; Quint. 11, 1, 59.—Causam recipere or suscipere contra, to accept a retainer against:(causam) quam receperam contra pueros Octavios,
Cic. Att. 13, 49, 1; Quint. 6, 1, 12; Plin. Ep. 4, 17, 1.—Adesse alicui contra, to appear, act as one's counsel against:rogavit me Caecilius ut adessem contra Satrium,
Cic. Att. 1, 1, 3; Plin. Ep. 1, 7, 5 al.; cf.:esse contra,
id. ib. 1, 18, 3.— Trop.: conquesturus venit;at contra se adfuit et satisfacienti satisfecit,
Sen. Fragm. Amic. 14, 1, 89:causam defendere contra,
against the accuser, Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 178:statuere contra aliquem (sc. causam),
to establish a case against an adversary, id. Or. 10, 34:actio competit contra,
Dig. 49, 14, 41:querelam instituere contra,
ib. 5, 2, 21, § 1:bonorum possessionem petere contra,
ib. 5, 2, 23:jus obtinere contra,
Cic. Quint. 9, 34:pugnare contra,
to struggle against the accuser, id. Sull. 17, 49; id. Verr. 1, 11, 33:id quod mihi contra illos datum est,
i. e. a local advantage over, id. Tull. 14, 33:judicare contra aliquem,
id. Fl. 20, 48; Dig. 21, 2, 55; 5, 2, 14; Just. Inst. 4, 17, 2:pronuntiare contra,
Paul. Sent. 5, 34, 2: dare sententiam contra, Dig. 21, 2, 56, § 1:decernere contra,
Cic. Fl. 31, 76:appellare contra aliquem,
Dig. 49, 1, 3; 49, 5, 6; cf.:contra sententiam,
Cod. Just. 7, 62, 32, § 2.—Sentire contra aliquem, to have an opinion unfavorable to:cur vos (cum) aliquid contra me sentire dicatis, etc.,
Cic. Caecin. 27, 79.—Venire contra aliquem, to appear as counsel for one's adversary:(γ).quid tu, Saturi, qui contra hunc venis, existimas aliter?
Cic. Rosc. Com. 6, 18; id. Mur. 4, 9; id. Phil. 8, 6, 18.—Venire contra rem alicujus, to give advice damaging one's interests:contra rem suam me venisse questus est,
Cic. Phil. 2, 2, 3.—With dicere and other verbs of saying. (aa) Of a lawyer pleading against a lawyer:d.ipse ille Mucius, quid in illa causa cum contra te diceret, attulit quod? etc.,
Cic. de Or. 1, 57, 244:cum ille contra me pro Sex. Naevio diceret,
id. Brut. 60, 2, 7; id. de Or. 2, 7, 30; id. Rosc. Am. 15, 45; id. Div. in Caecil. 14, 44; id. Planc. 2, 5; id. Brut. 26, 102; so,causam dicere,
id. Or. 2, 23, 98:causam perorare,
id. Quint. 24, 77.—(bb) Of a lawyer's pleading against the parties: dic mihi, M. Pinari, num si contra te dixero mihi male dicturus es? Servil. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 65, 261; 3, 34, 138; 1, 14, 60; id. Or. 35, 123; Quint. 11, 1, 57; cf. with ellipsis of acc.:quorum alter pro Aufldia, contra dixit alter,
id. 10, 1, 22.—(ng) Of a party against a lawyer:si Gaditani contra me dicerent,
if the Gaditani were my adversaries, Cic. Balb. 17, 38.—(dd) Of witnesses and experts, and the pleadings against them:si decressent legationem quae contra istum diceret,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 4, § 12: contra testes dicere (opp. a testibus or pro testibus). Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118 (cf.:testimonium in aliquem dicere,
id. Sull. 17, 48; Quint. 7, 4, 36):contra juris consultos dicere,
against their legal opinions, Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—So of witnesses in scientific questions:contra testes dicendum est,
Sen. Q. N. 7, 16, 1.—(ee) Dicere or contendere aliquid contra aliquem, to maintain a point against:cum interrogamus adversarios... quid contra nos dici possit,
Auct. Her. 4, 23, 33:tamenne vereris ut possis hoc contra Hortensium contendere?
Cic. Quint. 25, 78. —Of literary adversaries, mostly with verbs of saying and writing:e.cum scriberem contra Epicurios,
Cic. Att. 13, 38, 1:contra Epicurum satis superque dictum est,
id. N. D. 2, 1, 2:contra Brutum,
id. Tusc. 5, 8, 21:contra Academiam,
id. Ac. 2, 19, 63; id. Fin. 1, 1, 2; 5, 8, 22; id. Tusc. 5, 11, 32; 5, 30, 84; id. Ac. 2, 4, 17:contra autem omnia disputatur a nostris,
id. Off. 2, 2, 8.—Of public and political adversaries (syn. adversus and in).(α).In gen.:(β).sentire contra,
Cic. Mil. 2, 5:pugnare contra bonos,
id. Sull. 25, 71:contra eos summa ope nitebatur nobilitas,
Sall. C. 38, 2; Cic. Sest. 19, 42; 52, 112:(tribuni) qui aut contra consulem, aut pro studio ejus pugnabant,
Liv. 39, 32, 12.—Of political speaking:f.cum (Cato) eo ipso anno contra Serv. Galbam ad populum summa contentione dixisset,
Cic. Brut. 20, 80; so id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 53; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 9, 1.—Of hostile or criminal acts in gen. (syn.:2.adversus, in): inire consilia contra,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 110; id. Cat. 1, 7, 18:manum comparare contra aliquem,
id. Sull. 24, 68:conjurationem facere,
id. ib. 4, 12:congredi,
id. Lig. 3, 9; Sall. J. 64, 4:aliquid contra imperatorem moliri,
Just. Inst. 4, 18, 3:nec dolor armasset contra sua viscera matrem,
against her own offspring Ov. R. Am. 59.—Facere contra (more freq. with abstr. objects; cf. II. C. 1. f. b infra): nunc te contra Caesarem facere summae stultitiae est, to take parts against, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 16, 2:eae (res) contra nos ambae faciunt,
operate against us, id. Quint. 1, 1.—With verbs of saying, etc.:homo disertus non intellegit, eum quem contra dicit laudari a se?
Cic. Phil. 2, 8, 18; 2, 1, 2; 2, 21, 51; Sen. Ep. 15, 3, 70:epigramma quod contra quamdam Gelliam scripsit,
Lampr. Alex. Sev. 38:disputare contra deos, in two signif.: contra deum licet disputare liberius,
to accuse, reproach a god, Cic. N. D. 3, 31, 76; but: mala et impia consuetudo est contra deos disputandi, to reason against the gods, i. e. against their existence, id. ib. 2, 67, 168.—Predicatively, with esse (videri, etc.), against, injurious to, unfavorable, prejudicial, to one's disadvantage: ut [p. 456] ex senatusconsulto neque cujus intersit, neque contra quem sit intellegi possit, Cic. Mur. 32, 68; id. de Or. 3, 20, 75; 2, 74, 299; 2, 81, 330; id. Sull. 13, 39; Sen. Ben. 6, 31, 6:3.licentiam malis dare certe contra bonos est,
injurious to, Quint. 4, 2, 75:res contra nos est, of unfavorable chances in a lawsuit,
id. 4, 66, 1; 4, 2, 75; 5, 13, 32.—Often, contra aliquem = quod est contra aliquem, referring to indef. pronouns or adjectives:nihil contra me fecit odio mei = nihil quod esset contra me,
Cic. Har. Resp. 3, 5; id. Off. 3, 31, 112:quibus (temporibus) aliquid contra Caesarem Pompeio suaserim,
id. Phil. 2, 10, 24.—Added adverb. to the predicate, mostly referring to purpose, with hostile intent, for the purpose of some hostile act, in order to oppose, in opposition:4.Caesarine eam (provinciam) tradituri fuistis, an contra Caesarem retenturi?
or keep it against Caesar, Cic. Lig. 7, 23:sero enim resistimus ei quem per annos decem aluimus contra nos,
id. Att. 7, 5, 5:judicium illud pecunia esse temptatum non pro Cluentio, sed contra Cluentium,
id. Clu. 4, 9; id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 52; id. Ac. 2, 28, 92:cum quae facitis ejusmodi sint ut ea contra vosmet ipsos facere videamini,
id. Rosc. Am. 36, 104; Sen. Ep. 3, 7, 3: Curio se contra eum totum parat, i. e. to speak against him, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 10; Caes. B. C. 1, 85 ter; Sen. Q. N. 1, 7, 1; Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 192; Plin. Pan. 41.—So with the force of a temporal clause:fidem meam quam essent contra Massam Baebium experti,
in the suit against, Plin. Ep. 3, 4, 4.—Dependent on adjectives (rare):5.contra se ipse misericors,
to his own injury, Phaedr. 4, 18, 3:severissimus judex contra fures,
Lampr. Alex. Sev. 28.—With nouns.a.Acc. to 1. b.:b.ut quam maximae contra Hannibalem copiae sint,
Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17; cf. Vell. 2, 76, 3.—Acc. to 1. c. and 1. e.; so esp., oratio contra (cf.: oratio in).(α).Oratio contra (never in), of an address against the counsel of a party or against the prosecutor:(β).quid in omni oratione Crassus vel apud centumviros contra Scaevolam, vel contra accusatorem Brutum, cum pro Cn. Plancio diceret?
Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 220; cf.:Cato pro se contra Cassium = in oratione contra,
Gell. 10, 15, 3; so,haec perpetua defensio contra Scaevolam,
Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 221:orationem illam egregiam quam (Aeschines) in Ctesiphontem contra Demosthenem dixerat,
id. ib. 3, 56, 213.—Of an address against the party, either in judicial or political affairs:c.unam orationem contra Gracchum reliquit,
Cic. Brut. 26, 99:(Demosthenis) oratio contra Leptinem... contra Aeschinem falsae legationis,
id. Or. 31, 111; Gell. 10, 24, 10; 10, 18, 91; Cic. Brut. 46, 169; Quint. 12, 10, 61; Cic. de Or. 2, 11, 45; id. Brut. 44, 164; Gell. 13, 25 (24), 15; cf. Quint. 4, 3, 13; 11, 2, 25.—Acc. to 1. f.:C.contra patres concitatio et seditio,
Cic. Brut. 14, 56.—Of animals:contra volpium genus communibus inimicitiis,
Plin. 10, 76, 96, § 207.With inanimate and abstract objects.1.Directly dependent on verbs (cf. B. 1.).a.Of physical or moral exertion:b.cum fulmina contra Tot paribus streperet clipeis,
Verg. A. 10, 567:pugnandum tamquam contra morbum, sic contra senectutem,
Cic. Sen. 11, 35:contra verum niti,
Sall. J. 35, 8:contra fortunam luctari,
Sen. Ben. 7, 15, 2; id. Brev. Vit. 10, 1; id. Ep. 78, 15; 99, 32; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 31, 110.—Of warfare (lit. and trop.):c.bellum contra aras, focos, vitam fortunasque gerere,
Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 1:bellum gerimus... contra arma verbis,
id. Fam. 12, 22, 1.—So of logical contradictions:artificis autem est invenire in actione adversarii quae semet ipsa pugnent,
Quint. 5, 13, 30.—Of legal contention.(α).Of the actions of the counsel or prosecutor: dicere, or perorare, agere contra aliquid, to plead against, contest something:(β).contra argumenta, rumores, tabulas, quaestiones (opp. ab argumentis, etc.),
Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9 sqq.; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118:contra ratiocinationem,
id. Inv. 2, 50, 153: contra scriptum dicere, to contest, controvert a written law or a document, id. ib. 2, 47, 138; 2, 48, 143; id. Brut. 39, 145; Quint. 7, 7, 1:contra caput dicere,
to plead against life, Cic. Quint. 13, 44 (cf.:servum in caput domini interrogare,
Paul. Sent. 1, 1, 34; 5, 16, 5 and 8; 5, 46, 3): contra libertatem agere, Dig. 40, 12, 26.—Pregn.:contra rerum naturam, contraque consuetudinem hominum dicere (opp. contra nos dicere),
Cic. Rosc. Am. 15, 45.—Of judicial decisions contradicting documents, etc.:(γ).contra tabulas judicare,
Cic. de Or. 2, 70, 281:contra testamentum,
Dig. 2, 17, § 1:contra sententiam dicere,
ib. 49, 8, 1, § 2.—Admittere aliquem contra bona, to admit a petition for bonorum possessio (cf.:d.inmittere in bona),
Dig. 38, 2, 3, § 6.—Of antagonism in literary and ethical questions.(α).To contend that something is false:(β).dicere, disputare, disserere contra opinionem or sententiam,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; 5, 19, 55; id. de Or. 3, 18, 67; id. Fin. 5, 4, 10; id. Ac. 2, 18, 60; Sen. Ira, 1, 3, 3; id. Ep. 87, 5; 102, 5 (cf.:in sententiam dicere,
in support of an opinion, Caes. B. G. 1, 45):contra sensus dicere,
Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 101:contra rhetoricen dicere,
Quint. 2, 17, 40.—Of criticism, hostility to principles, etc.:(γ).contra Iliadem et Odysseam scribere,
Vitr. 7, praef. 8:contra quorum disciplinam ingenium ejus exarserat,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 29, 83.—Ethically:e.contra voluptatem dicere,
that pleasure is a moral evil, Cic. Fin. 5, 8, 21:contra mortem loqui,
that death is no evil, Sen. Ep. 82, 7;in both senses: contra vitia, pericula, fortunam, ambitionem,
id. ib. 100, 10:contra fortunam gloriari,
that fortune has no power over him, Cic. Tusc. 5, 9, 26; Sen. Ep. 26, 5.—Of public and political acts and speeches:f.contra potentiam accusatorum dicere,
Cic. Brut. 44, 164:contra legem dicere or verba facere,
id. Imp. Pomp. 15, 53; Liv. 34, 8, 1:rogationem ferre contra coloniam ( = contra legem de colonia deducenda),
Cic. Clu. 51, 140; Auct. Her. 1, 17, 21; Plin. 8, 17, 24, § 64.—Of hostility, injury, wrongs, etc.(α).In gen.:(β).senatusconsulto quod contra dignitatem tuam fieret,
directed against, Cic. Fam. 12, 29, 2:contra rem publicam se commovere,
id. Cat. 1, 26; 1, 3, 7:incitari,
id. Sest. 47, 100:consilia inire,
id. Agr. 2, 3, 8:conjurationem facere,
Sall. C. 30, 6:contra salutem urbis incitari,
Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20:cogitare aliquid contra salutem,
id. ib. 3, 9, 21: contra voluntatem or studium dicere, to oppose one's will in a speech:esse aliquem in civitate qui contra ejus (Chrysogoni) voluntatem dicere auderet,
id. Rosc. Am. 22, 60; id. Phil. 1, 11, 28; id. de Or. 3, 34, 138; id. Mur. 4, 10; Tac. H. 2, 91:ne quid contra aequitatem contendas, ne quid pro injuria,
do not array yourself against equity, Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71.— Trop.:quis non contra Marii arma, contra Suliae proscriptionem irascitur? ( = Mario propter arma, Sullae propter proscriptionem),
Sen. Ira, 2, 2, 3.—In partic.: facere contra aliquid (syn. adversus), to commit an offence against, to transgress, etc.:2.si quis ad Antonium profectus esset... senatus existimaturum eum contra rem publicam fecisse,
Cic. Phil. 8, 11, 33; id. Mil. 5, 13; 6, 14; id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 3, 25, 95; S. C. ap. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 6; Liv. 25, 4, 7; so,contra salutem rei publicae facere,
Cic. Dom. 38, 102:contra majestatem,
against the emperor, Dig. 48, 4, 5:contra leges,
Cic. Dom. 18, 48; id. Vatin. 7, 18; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Mur. 32, 67; id. de Or. 3, 19, 70; cf. id. Clu. 34, 92; id. Mur. 32, 68; id. Dom. 14, 38; id. Phil. 10, 6, 13; Gai Inst. 4, 121:contra edictum (praetoris),
Cic. Verr 2, 3, 10, § 25; Dig. 39, 1, 20, § 1:contra foedus,
Cic. Balb. 6, 16:contra jusjurandum ac fidem,
id. Off. 3, 10, 43; id. Lael. 3, 30, 74; id. Verr. 2, 3, 3, § 7; Prop. 3, 30, 44 (2, 32, 44).—And ironically:tune contra Caesaris nutum (sc. facies)?
Cic. Att. 14, 10, 1.—Rarely contra ea facere = contra facere, adverb. (cf. I. B. 8. and II. E. 1. b.):corpus in civitatem inferri non licet... et qui contra ea fecerit, extra ordinem punitur,
Paul. Sent. 1, 21, 2; 1, 21, 12.—Predicatively with esse (usu. impers.), in violation of, in conflict with, contrary to (cf. 3. g).(α).With esse expressed as the predicate:(β).hominem hominis incommodo suum augere commodum magis est contra naturam quam mors,
Cic. Off. 3, 5, 21; id. Fin. 3, 9, 31; id. N. D. 3, 13, 33; Sen. Ep. 5, 4; Plin. 7, 8, 6, § 45:contra leges or legem est,
Cic. Pis. 13, 30; id. Mur. 32, 67:contra officium est,
id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 1, 10, 32; 1, 6, 19; cf. id. Lael. 11, 39; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Liv. 6, 40, 5; Sen. Q. N. 2, 37, 2; Gai Inst. 3, 157; Dig. 30, 1, 112, § 3; 16, 3, 1, § 7.—With ellipsis of object (naturam), Cic. Fin. 5, 29, 89; cf.:adeo res ista non habet ullam moram quae contra causas ignium sit,
unfavorable to the formation of fire, Sen. Q. N. 2, 26, 7.—With verbal predicate, referring to an indef. pron. or adj., with esse understood:(γ).scis hunc... nihil umquam contra rem tuam cogitasse ( = nihil quod contra rem tuam esset),
Cic. Rosc. Am. 50, 147; id. Mil. 5, 13:aliquid contra animum audiendi,
something against our liking, Sen. Const. 19, 2.—So mostly with facere:si quid Socrates aut Aristippus contra morem consuetudinemque fecerint,
Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148; id. Att. 3, 23, 2; 2, 22, 2; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Sall. C. 15, 1; Dig. 8, 2, 11; 8, 2, 17; 35, 1, 79, § 2. —Contra officium, substantively, = id quod contra officium est:3.Sic inter recte factum atque peccatum, officium et contra officium, media locabat quaedam,
Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 37.—Adverbially with the predicate.(α).In order to oppose, in opposition to, with hostile intent (cf. B. 3.):(β).eidem illam proscriptionem capitis mei contra salutem rei publicae rogatam esse dicebant,
that the proposal of the law was an attack on the republic, Cic. Prov. Cons. 19, 45; id. Rab. Perd. 12, 35; id. Phil. 10, 10, 22:imperator contra postulata Bocchi nuntios mittit,
to reply to the demands, Sall. J. 83, 3; 25, 6; so,advocare contra,
Sen. Cons. Polyb. 12, 4; id. Ep. 15, 2, 52:si contra mortem te praeparaveris,
to meet death, id. ib. 11, 3, 8.—With the force of a clause of manner, injuriously to, etc.:(γ).quibus contra valetudinis commodum laborandum est,
Cic. Mur. 23, 47; Suet. Aug. 78:contra hominis salutem,
with danger to a man's life, Cod. Just. 7, 62, 29.—In gen., of conflict with some rule or principle, contrary to, in violation of, without regard to ( = ita ut contra sit; cf. 2. supra; very freq. from the class. period;4.syn. adversus): ceperitne pecunias contra leges P. Decius,
Cic. de Or. 2, 31, 136; id. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 10; id. Fl. 34, 86:pecuniam contra leges auferre,
id. Verr. 1, 18, 56; 2, 1, 10, § 27; 2, 5, 18, § 46; id. Har. Resp. 26, 56:contra legem,
id. Rab. Perd. 3, 8; id. Dom. 16, 41:contra jus fasque,
id. Har. Resp. 16, 34; id. Quint. 6, 28:contra jus,
Liv. 5, 4, 14; id. Dom. 13, 55; id. Verr. 2, 5, 13, § 34:contra jus gentium,
Liv. 4, 32, 5; 9, 10, 10; 21, 25, 7; 5, 36, 6;6, 1, 6: contra juris rigorem,
Dig. 40, 5, 24, § 10 et saep.:contra testimonium aliquid judicare,
without regard to, Cic. Brut. 31, 117:aliquid contra verecundiam disputare,
contrary to the rules of decency, id. Off. 1, 35, 128:aliquid contra fidem constituere,
Quint. 5, 13, 34:quae majores nostri contra lubidinem animi sui recte atque ordine fecere,
contrary to the dictates of passion, Sall. C. 51, 4; id. J. 33, 1; cf. of logical opposition, II. E. 2. infra.—Dependent on substt.a.Of physical strife:b.scit ille imparem sibi luctatum contra nexus (draconis),
Plin. 8, 12, 12, § 33. —Of warfare:c.imperatorum copia contra tuum furorem,
Cic. Mur. 39, 83:Parthorum gloria contra nomen Romanum,
Liv. 9, 18, 6: in castris perditorum contra patriam, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 6.—Of legal contention:d.causa contra scriptum,
Cic. Inv. 2, 46, 135.—Of political speaking:e.divina M. Tullii eloquentia contra leges agrarias,
Quint. 2, 16, 7; 9, 3, 50; Gell. 18, 7, 7.—Of literary opposition:f.Caesaris vituperatio contra laudationem meam,
Cic. Att. 12, 40, 1.—Of hostility, etc.:g.cujus factum, inceptum, conatumve contra patriam,
Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27:ullum factum dictumve nostrum contra utilitatem vestram,
Liv. 6, 40, 5.—Of injury:h.vitae cupiditas contra rem publicam,
Cic. Planc. 37, 90: contra serpentes venenum, fatal to serpents, or as a defence against serpents, Plin. 7, 2, 2, § 15.—Of violation, disregard, etc. (cf. 3. g):5.iter contra senatus auctoritatem,
Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 48:contra consuetudinem somnium,
Plin. 10, 77, 98, § 211:bonorum possessio contra tabulas,
Dig. 37, 4, 3, § 13; Gai Inst. 3, 41.—Dependent on adjectives (very rare; cf.D.II. D. 2. c. infra): contraque patris impii regnum impotens, avum resolvam,
Sen. Herc. Fur. 966.Of defence, protection, and resistance (syn.: adversus, ab).1.Against persons.a.Dependent on verbs:b.cum populus Romanus suam auctoritatem vel contra omnes qui dissentiunt possit defendere,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 63: si ego consul rem publicam [p. 457] contra te et gregales tuos defendissem, id. Sest. 52, 111; 22, 49; 8, 20; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; id. Phil. 2, 18, 45:contra quem multum omnes boni providerunt,
provided a great defence, id. Mur. 38, 81: formula qua utitur patronus contra libertum qui eum in jus vocat, as a defence against, Gai Inst. 4, 46. —And of protection of plants against injurious animals:contra haec animalia proderit, si, etc.,
Pall. 10, 3, 2.—Dependent on adjectives, mostly participial:2.paratus contra,
Cic. Mil. 21, 56:nihil satis firmum contra Metellum,
Sall. J. 80, 1:contra potentes nemo est munitus satis,
Phaedr. 2, 6, 1.—Against inanimate and abstract things.a.Dependent on verbs:b.contra avium morsus munitur vallo aristarum,
Cic. Sen. 15, 51:propugnaculum, quo contra omnes meos impetus usurum se putat,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 16, § 40; 2, 5, 39, § 102:publicam causam contra vim armatam suscipere,
id. Dom. 34, 91; id. Quint. 30, 94; id. Leg. 3, 3, 9:contra tantas difficultates providere,
Sall. J. 90, 1; 76, 4; so,contra ea,
id. ib. 57, 5:patricii vi contra vim resistunt,
Liv. 3, 13, 4; Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 28; Tac. Agr. 45; Sen. Prov. 4, 12; id. Const. 5, 4.—Dependent on substt.:c.suffragia contra oppugnationem vestrae majestatis,
Cic. Rab. Perd. 12, 35:defensio contra vim,
id. Mil. 5, 14:patronus justitiae fuit contra orationem Phili,
id. Lael. 7, 25; Plin. 29, 2, 9, § 30; 14, 3, 4, § 40:contra labores patientia,
id. 23, 1, 22, § 37.—Dependent on adjectives (in Cic. freq. with P. a. predicatively used; otherwise very rare;3.in later prose freq.): nec est quidquam Cilicia contra Syriam munitius,
against an attack from the side of Syria, Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 4:ut nullius res tuta, nullius domus clausa, nullius vita saepta, nullius pudicitia munita contra tuam cupiditatem posset esse,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 39; id. Fin. 1, 16, 51; id. Mil. 25, 67; id. Tusc. 5, 8, 19; 5, 27, 76:vir contra audaciam firmissimus,
id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85; Sall. J. 33, 2; 28, 5:fortis contra dolorem,
Sen. Ep. 98, 18; Quint. 12, 1, 10:callosus,
Plin. 11, 37, 54, § 147; 14, 2, 4, § 23:far contra hiemes firmissimum,
id. 18, 8, 19, § 83:equus tenax contra vincula,
Ov. Am. 3, 4, 13:contraque minantia fata pervigil,
Claud. I. Cons. Stil. 1, 284.—Of remedies against sickness and its causes, poison, etc.; so only in Plin.; in Pall. only of preventives and of protection against hurtful animals, and against mental perturbations in gen.; cf. infra (syn. ad in Cat., Cic., Cels., Col.; adversus only in Celsus, who also has in with abl.).(α).Dependent on verbs:(β).cujus et vinum et uva contra serpentium ictus medetur,
Plin. 14, 18, 22, § 117; 7, 2, 2, § 13:prodest et contra suspiria et tussim,
id. 20, 13, 50, § 128:valet potum contra venena,
id. 28, 7, 21, § 74; 29, 4, 22, § 71; 29, 4, 26, § 81; 28, 8, 27, § 98; 16, 37, 71, § 180; 35, 6, 14, § 34; 28, 6, 18, §§ 65-67.—Dependent on substt.:(γ).remedium contra morsus,
Plin. 8, 32, 50, § 118; 10, 59, 79, § 163:contra venena esse omnia remedio,
id. 16, 44, 95, § 251; 17, 24, 37, § 240; 7, 1, 1, § 4.—Dependent on adjectives:(δ).vinum quod salutare contra pestilentiam sit,
Pall. 11, 14, 17.—Appositively, as a remedy:E.cujus lacteum succum miris laudibus celebrat... contra serpentes et venena,
Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 16; 29, 4, 26, § 83. —So of remedies against affections:Tiberium tonante caelo coronari ea (lauro) solitum ferunt contra fulminum metus,
Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 135; cf. Sen. Ira, 2, 21, 1; id. Tranq. 5. 1.Of logical opposition.1.With a neuter demonstrative (contra ea, contra haec, contra quae, quod contra = contra, adv.).a.The contrary, the reverse (very rare; cf.b.I. D. 1.): sed mihi contra ea videtur,
but to me the contrary seems true, Sall. J. 85, 1:omnia quae contra haec sunt, omnia quae contra sunt,
and vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 90. —Contra ea, on the contrary, in logical antithesis (not in Cic. and Sall.; once in Caes. and Quint.; several times in Liv. and Nep.; cf.: contra ea, in other uses, II. A. 2. e. a, II. D. 2. a., II. A. 3. d., II. C. 1. f.):c.omnes arderent cupiditate pugnandi... contra ea Caesar... spatiumque interponendum... putabat ( = at contra),
but Caesar on the contrary, Caes. B. C. 3, 74: superbe ab Samnitibus... legati prohibiti commercio sunt;contra ea benigne ab Siculorum tyrannis adjuti,
Liv. 4, 52, 6; 2, 60, 1; 21, 20, 6;44, 43, 5: pater... Thracem me genuit, contra ea mater Atheniensem,
Nep. Iphicr. 3, 4; id. praef. 6; id. Alcib. 8, 1.—And after a question, with immo (cf. I. E. 5. b.):an infirmissimi omnium... (sumus)? Immo contra ea vel viribus nostris, vel, etc., tuti (sumus),
Liv. 41, 24, 8.—Quod contra, by anastrophe (v. F. 1.), contrary to which, whereas, while on the contrary (only once in Lucr. and three times in Cic.):2.illud in his rebus vereor ne forte rearis, Inpia te rationis inire elementa viamque indugredi sceleris: quod contra saepius illa Religio peperit scelerosa atque impia facta,
whereas on the contrary, Lucr. 1, 81:cujus a me corpus crematum est, quod contra decuit ab illo meum (sc. cremari),
Cic. Sen. 23, 84:quod contra oportebat delicto dolere, correctione gaudere,
id. Lael. 24, 90 (B. and K. place a comma after oportebat; cf.Nauck ad loc.): reliquum est ut eum nemo judicio defenderit: quod contra copiosissime defensum esse contendi,
id. Quint. 28, 87 (many consider contra in all these passages as an adverb; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 121 sq.; some explain quod as an ancient ablative, = qua re;v. Ritschl,
Plaut. Exc. p. 57, Munro ad Lucr. 1, 82).—With an abstract noun, with the force of the adverb contra with ac or atque (I. F. 1.), contrary to, contrary to what, etc. (esp. in Sall., not in Cic.; cf. praeter): celeriter contraque omnium opinionem confecto itinere, contrary to the opinion ( = contra ac rati erant), Caes. B. G. 6, 30:F.contra opinionem Jugurthae ad Thalam perveniunt,
Sall. J. 75, 9; Hirt. B. G. 8, 40.—Contra spem either contrary to the opinion, or against the hope:Metellus contra spem suam laetissume excipitur ( = contra ac ratus, veritus est),
Sall. J. 88, 1; so,cetera contra spem salva invenit,
Liv. 9, 23, 17:contra spem omnium L. Furium optavit,
id. 6, 25, 5; Curt. 8, 4, 45;but: at Jugurtha contra spem nuntio accepto ( = contra ac speraverat),
Sall. J. 28, 1; Liv. 24, 45, 3:postquam... Jugurtha contra timorem animi praemia sceleris adeptum sese videt,
Sall. J. 20, 1:ipse in Numidiam procedit, ubi contra belli faciem tuguria plena hominumque... erant ( = contra ac in bello evenire solet),
id. ib. 46, 5:contra famam,
Plin. 13, 22, 43, § 126; 7, 53, 54, § 180:segniterque et contra industriam absconditae formicae,
slowly, and in a manner different from their usual activity, id. 18, 35, 88, § 364.—Of persons:frigidam potionem esse debere, contra priores auctores, Asclepiades confirmavit,
contrary to the opinion of the former physicians, Cels. 4, 26 (19).Sometimes by anastrophe after its noun.1.In prose, after relatives, esp. in Cic.:2.quos contra disputant,
Cic. Ac. 2, 15, 47:quem contra dicit,
id. Phil. 2, 8, 18 (v. II. B. 1. f.):quem contra veneris,
id. Mur. 4, 9:quas contra, praeter te, etc.,
id. Vatin. 7, 18:eos ipsos quos contra statuas,
id. Or. 10, 34:quos contra me senatus armavit,
id. Att. 10, 8, 8:quam contra multa locutus est,
Sen. Ep. 82, 7, Plin. Ep. 1, 23, 3; Claud. in Rufin. 1, 332; v. also E. 1. c. supra.—After other words ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):hunc igitur contra mittam contendere causam,
Lucr. 4, 471:dicere eos contra,
id. 4, 484:donique eum contra,
id. 5, 708:agmina contra,
Verg. A. 12, 279:magnum Alciden contra,
id. ib. 5, 414:Paridem contra,
id. ib. 5, 370:Italiam contra,
id. ib. 1, 13:deos contra,
Ov. P. 1, 1, 26:Messania moenia contra,
id. M. 14, 17:litora Calabriae contra,
Tac. A. 3, 1. -
14 contra dicta
contrā, adv. and prep. [stem con, i. e. cum, through a comparative form conter; cf.: alter, uter, inter, praeter, etc.; in abl. fem. form like the locative adverbs ea, qua, etc.; cf.: ultra, intra, extra, citra], orig., in comparison with; hence, over against, fronting, in front, opposite, in opposition to, against, contrary to, opposed to, etc.I.Adv. (referring to an opposed object often with the force of a preposition with ellipsis of a pronoun, = against it, against him, etc.).A.Local.1.Lit., of position in front of a person, place, or thing.a.With verb of being or position expressed or understood.(α).Referring to living beings, opposite, in face of, face to face, facing, in front of, fronting, confronting (not in Cic., Caes., or Sall.):(β).feminam scelestam te, adstans contra, contuor,
Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 26:ut confidenter mihi contra adstitit,
id. Capt. 3, 5, 6; Lucr. 4, 223; 6, 929:signum contra, quoad longissume oculi ferebant, animo finivit,
Liv. 1, 18, 8:stat contra starique jubet,
Juv. 3, 290:stat contra dicitque tibi tua pagina Fures!
Mart. 1, 55, 12:ulmus erat contra,
in front of her, Ov. M. 14, 661:templa vides contra,
in front (of us), id. ib. 7, 587.—Of position in front of the enemy:contra conserta manu,
Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 3: contra consistere, to make front against them, Caes. B. G. 2, 17.—Referring to things and places, over against (it), opposite (to it), on the opposite side (mostly post-Aug.):b.contra jacet Cancer patulam distentus in alvum,
Manil. 2, 253:posita contra Hispania,
Tac. Agr. 11:promuntorium quod contra procedit,
Plin. 4, 2, 3, § 6: relinquendae autem contra erunt vacuae tabellae, on the opposite side, i. e. of the leaf, Quint. 10, 3, 32: illo quaerente cur non decidant contra siti, the antipodes (cf. Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; v. II. A. 1. c. a), Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161.—With the governing verb understood:arguam hanc vidisse apud te contra conservum meum,
face to face, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 91:jam omnia contra circaque hostium plena erant, Liv 5, 37, 8: eadem verba contra (i. e. ponuntur),
side by side, Quint. 9, 3, 36; Verg. A. 6, 23.—With verbs of motion, so as to be opposite to an object or face to face with a person, variously rendered.(α).Referring to persons:(β).accede ad me atque adi contra,
come right up to me, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 23; id. Bacch. 3, 6, 6: hostes crebri cadunt; nostri contra ingruunt, advance to their front (in Plaut. hostility is not implied in contra), id. Am. 1, 1, 84: quis nos pater aut cognatu' volet contra tueri, face to face, eye to eye, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 12 Mull. (Trag. Rel. v. 444 Rib.); Att. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 55 (Trag. Rel. v. 538 ib.):adspicedum contra me = contra adspice me,
Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 56 Lorenz ad lec.:contra adspicere,
id. Mil. 2, 1, 45:contra intueri,
Liv. 1, 16, 6; 9, 6, 8; Sen. Q. N. 1, 3, 6:cum veniret contra Marcianus,
Quint. 6, 3, 95; Plin. 9, 46, 70, § 152.—Of things:2.hic ubi sol radiis... Adversa fulsit nimborum aspergine contra,
Lucr. 6, 525; Cels. 8, 8, 1:quam (turrim) promoti contra validi asseres... perfregere,
Tac. H. 4, 30.—Reciprocally: oscula non pervenientia contra, not coming through (the wall) so as to meet, Ov. M. 4, 80.—Transf. to equivalents of weight, value, and price; so,(α).In Plaut. only in the colloq. phrases auro contra, aurichalco contra, and contra auro (sc. posito); lit., for gold placed against; cf.:(β).aes contrarium, s. v. contrarius: (servus) non carus'st auro contra,
at his weight in gold, Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 30: jam auro contra constat filius, id. Truc. 2, 6, 57 (Speng. aurichalco): auro contra cedo modestum amatorem! A me aurum accipe. Pa. Cedo mihi contra aurichalco quoi ego sano serviam, id. Curc. 1, 3, 45 sq.; id. Mil. 3, 1, 63; 4, 2, 85; id. Ps. 2, 3, 23.—In post-Aug. prose (very rare):3.at si aquae et ejus rei quam contra pensabis par pondus erit, nec pessum ibit, nec exstabit, etc.,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—Of reciprocal actions, = vicissim, in turn, in return, back, on my, his, etc., part, likewise, counter-.(α).In gen.:(β).te ut deludam contra, lusorem meum,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 71:quae me amat, quam ego contra amo,
id. Merc. 5. 2, 77; id. Cist. 1, 1, 96; id. Trin. 4, 2, 55; id. As. 2, 2, 110:qui arguat se, eum contra vincat jurejurando suo,
make a victorious counter-charge, id. Mil. 2, 2, 37:si laudabit haec Illius formam, tu hujus contra (i. e. lauda),
Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 54:audi nunc contra jam,
listen in turn, id. Phorm. 4, 4, 18; id. Ad. 5, 4, 23:at tu mihi contra nunc videre fortunatus, Phaedria, Cui, etc.,
you likewise seem fortunate to me, id. Phorm. 1, 3, 21:Mettius Tullo gratulatur, contra Tullus Mettium benigne alloquitur,
Liv. 1, 28, 1:contra ut me diligat illa,
Cat. 76. 23; Hor. S. 1, 3, 27 Orell. ad loc.—Hence, with ellipsis of inquit, = respondit:cui latrans contra senex,
Phaedr. 5, 10, 7:scietis, inquam, etc., contra Nigrinus: ad quem missi sunt? ego, etc.,
Plin. Ep. 7, 6, 4.—Rarely with inquit, etc., expressed: at ille contra, renidens, Audi, inquit, discipule, etc.,
Gell. 15, 9, 9; cf.:contra talia reddit,
Claud. B. Gild. 379.—With dat. pers.:(γ).consulo quem dolum doloso contra conservo parem,
Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 45:facere contra huic aegre,
Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 10:hiscine contra insidiabere?
id. Hec. 1. 1, 13:tibi contra gratiam Referre,
id. ib. 4, 2, 7.—With item:(δ).item a me contra factum est,
Plaut. Aul. prol. 20:puellam senex Amat et item contra filius,
id. Cas. prol. 49; id. Pers. 5, 2, 36; id. Am. 1, 1, 67; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 25.—Combining a reciprocal with a local relation (A. 1. a. a, and b. a): contra carinantes verba, exchanging abusive words ( face to face), Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 8, 361 (Ann. v. 181 Vahl.): tubae utrimque contra canunt;(ε).Consonat terra,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 73; 1, 1, 86:confer gradum Contra pariter,
id. Ps. 2, 4, 18; id. Truc. 1, 2, 28:video amicam... Ubi contra adspexit me, etc.,
id. Mil. 2, 1, 45; Verg. E. 7, 8; cf. Lucr. 4, 243:vesper adest, juvenes consurgite!... Cernitis, innuptae, juvenes? consurgite contra!
Cat. 62, 6.—Implying also opposition: Pe. Conpellabo. Ph. Orationis aciem contra conferam, Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 20:B.si scias quod donum huic dono contra comparet,
what counter gift, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 63: quod Scipio postulavit... ut, etc. Et quod contra collega postulavit ne, etc., Annal. Trib. Pleb. ap. Gell. 7 (6), 19, 5:si vobis aequa et honesta postulatio videtur, ego contra brevem postulationem adfero,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 2, 7; Nep. Epam. 6, 1;Auct. B. Alex. 24: illo licente contra liceri audeat nemo,
to bid in opposition, Caes. B. G. 1, 18; Liv. 4, 53, 6:agedum pauca accipe contra,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 38.—So in battle:Numidae... Romanorum ordines conturbare... neque contra feriundi copia erat,
Sall. J. 50, 4; and in law: et ab eo is qui adoptat vindicat... et illo contra non vindicante, etc., Gai Inst. 1, 134; 2, 24.—Esp. in replies:oratio contra a Demosthene pro Ctesiphonte edita,
Cic. de Or. 3, 56, 213:dicit accusator haec: primum, etc.... quid contra reus?
id. Clu. 30, 81; id. Fin. 5, 22, 63; Curt. 4, 1, 10; 7, 9, 1.Of opposition, strife, etc., against; constr. absol., with dat., and ne, quominus or quin.1.Of physical exertion.(α).Lit.:(β).concurrunt... aetheriae nubes contra pugnantibu' ventis,
struggling against each other, Lucr. 6. 98:nec nos obniti contra... Sufficimus,
bear up, battle against, Verg. A. 5, 21; Ov. M. 9, 50; 2, 434:at ille contra nititur,
resists, Plin. 2, 38, 38, § 103; 7, 20, 19, § 82:pars remigum, tamquam imperitia... officia nautarum impediebant. Mox contra tendere,
rowed in an opposite direction, Tac. H. 4, 16.—Trop.:2.te rogo ne contrahas ac demittas animum, neque te obrui tamquam fluctu... sinas, contraque erigas ac resistas,
Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 4:et torrens judicem vel nitentem contra feret, cogatque ire qua rapiet,
Quint. 12, 10, 61.— With ne: vi contra niti, ne advorsus eum fiat, Cato ap. Gell. 7 (6), 3, 16.—With quominus, Lucr. 1, 780.—Of mental exertion:3.si tibi vera videntur, Dede manus, aut, si falsum est, accingere contra,
arm yourself against them, Lucr. 2, 1043; 2, 280. —With dat.:siti contra... pugnandum,
Cels. 4, 2 fin. —Of hostile opposition in gen.(α).Lit.:(β).quod animadversum est in eo qui contra omni ratione pugnarunt, non debeo reprehendere,
who made opposition in every way, Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 137; id. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107:contra etiam aliquid abs te profectum ex multis audivi,
something inimical, id. Fam. 5, 5, 2.—Trop.:4.aut alio quovis (sc. colore) qui contra pugnet et obstet,
Lucr. 2, 794; 2, 868.—Of warfare.(α).Lit.:(β).ut eos adversarios existimemus qui arma contra ferant,
Cic. Off. 1, 25, 87; 1, 12, 37; Vell. 2, 28, 4; cf.:quid quod exercitum contra duxit?
Auct. Her. 4, 16, 23:ut si qua ex parte obviam contra veniretur, acie instructa depugnarent,
if they should be attacked by an open charge, Caes. B. G. 7, 28:issentque confestim ad urbem ni venire contra exercitum... audissent,
Liv. 7, 39, 17:cum Romanae legiones contra direxerint,
would oppose their march, Tac. H. 4, 58; id. A. 6, 44.—With dat.:et huic contra itum ad amnem Erinden,
Tac. A. 11, 10.—Trop.:5.quod ubi viderunt corvi, contra auxiliantur, velut adversus communem hostem,
Plin. 10, 74, 95, § 205.—Of legal contests.(α).With verbs of saying; v. 9. a.—(β).Venire contra, of any legal act with the intention to hurt the adversary:(γ).quid? si omnium mortalium Sthenio nemo inimicior quam hic C. Claudius... fuit? si de litteris corruptis contra venit, etc.?
if he made a charge of forgery against him? Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107; cf. II. B. c. b.—On the part of the adversary:(δ).inveniendum contra est, quo distet haec causa a ceteris,
Quint. 5, 10, 114; 9, 2, 35; 12, 8, 10.—Of judgments against the parties or against opinions:6.ne spoliaret fama probatum hominem si contra judicasset,
given an adverse decision, Cic. Off. 3, 19, 77; cf. Val. Max. 7, 2, 4; Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—Of literary opposition.(α).Mostly with verbs of saying; v. 9. a. g.—(β).With other verbs:7.astrologorum artem contra convincere tendit,
Lucr. 5, 728:contra nunc illud pone, etc.,
Sen. Ben. 7, 14, 6:habeat (liber meus) etiam quosdam qui contra sentiant et adversentur,
some dissentients and opponents, Quint. 3, 1, 5; 2, 17, 40; 3, 8, 69.—Of public and political opposition.(α).With verbs of saying; v. 9. a. d.—(β).With petere, to be a candidate for office in opposition to another:8.nihil enim supererat de quo certarent, nihil quod contra peterent,
no office was left for which to canvass against each other, Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91:honores contra petere,
Quint. 6, 1, 17.—With ire, with dat., of an opposing vote in the senate (cf.:pedibus ire): sententia Cassii ut nemo unus contra ire ausus est, ita dissonae voces respondebant,
Tac. A. 14, 45.—Of violation of law, contracts, etc.: contra facere, or contra committere, to violate, transgress a law, etc.: leges esse non ex ejus qui contra commiserit utilitate, spectari oportere, not in the interest of the transgressor, Cic. Inv. 2, 48, 153:9.si quis sub hoc pacto vendiderit ancillam ne prostitueretur, et si contra factum esset,
and if the contract was violated, Dig. 18, 1, 56.—With verbs of saying, etc., contra dicere; less freq. disputare, disserere, pugnare, in the sense of dicere, and contra scribere (often contradico, in one word, in post-Aug. writers; esp. with dat.).a.Absol.(α).Contra dicere, to speak as counsel of the adversary, to plead his cause, in legal proceedings:(β).cum contra dicturus Hortensius esset,
would speak on the other side, Cic. Quint. 24, 77:hoc... contra dicente Cotta judicatum est,
id. Caecin. 33, 97:dixisse ut contra nemo videretur,
id. Brut. 53, 198: ut contra Crassus... exorsus est, began on the other side, id. ib. § 197.—Hence: qui contra dicit, the adversary or counsel of the adversary:contra autem qui dicet, similitudinem infirmare debebit,
Cic. Inv. 2, 50, 151; id. Part. Or. 21, 108.—In the same sense: agens contra: si nos... impares agentium contra ingeniis dixerimus, that we are unequal to the talents of our adversary's counsel, [p. 453] Quint. 4, 1, 8.—To make charges against (rare):(γ).si qui contra vellet dicere, usurum esse eum suo testimonio,
Cic. Clu. 48, 134:qua ratione nemo neque tum item fecerit, neque nunc contra dicat,
id. Quint. 29, 88; so,contra disputare, of objections to or against a witness: nihil contra disputabo priusquam dixerit,
id. Fl. 21, 51.—In gen., to speak on the other side of a question:(δ).fiebat autem ita, ut cum is qui audire vellet dixisset quid sibi videretur, tum ego contra dicerem,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; id. Fin. 2, 1, 2; so,contra disputare and contra scribere,
id. Or. 1, 19, 85; Vitr. 3, 1, 6; Quint. 2, 17, 13; Dig. 9, 2, 21, § 1.—Hence: qui contra dicunt or disputant, the opponents:nec qui contra dicunt causam difficilem repellunt,
Cic. Fin. 3, 1, 2:ad coarguendos qui contra disputant,
to refule his opponents, Quint. 2, 15, 26.—To oppose or object to a proposition, motion, or petition:(ε). (ζ).quam palam principes dixerunt contra!
protested against it, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 16, § 41; Caes. B. C. 1, 32; Cic. Clu. 47, 130.—With pugnare:cum decerneretur frequenti senatu, contra pugnante Pisone, etc.,
Cic. Att. 1, 14, 5:filius ejus incolumitatem optat: contradicit pater,
the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 85; 9, 2, 83; Plin. ap. Gell. 9, 16, 5; Cic. Dom. 33, 87:contradicente nullo,
Suet. Caes. 20; Dig. 3, 3, 15.—Abl. absol. impers.:b.explorandum videtur an etiam contradicto aliquando judicio consuetudo firmata sit,
whether the custom has been confirmed by judgment upon a judicial contest, Dig. 1, 3, 34.—With acc. neutr. pron., to object, to make or raise an objection, to reply; esp. in legal proceedings:c.ego enim, te disputante, quid contra dicerem meditabar,
Cic. N. D. 3, 1, 1:ut contra si quid dicere velit non audiatur,
id. Fin. 5, 10, 27:aiebat illum primo sane diu multa contra (i. e. dixisse), ad extremum autem, etc.,
id. Att. 2, 22, 2.— Hence: quod contra dicitur, or quae contra dicuntur, the objections:ut et id quod intenderemus confirmare, et id quod contra diceretur refellere (possemus),
refute the objections, Cic. de Or. 1, 20, 90:quia neque reprehendi quae contra dicuntur possunt, etc.,
id. ib. 2, 81, 331; id. Inv. 2, 44, 127; Quint. 1, 2, 17.—In the same sense, as subst.: contrā dicta, orum, n. plur.:seu proposita confirmamus, sive contra dicta dissolvimus,
or refute the objections, Quint. 4, prooem. 6.—With acc. and inf.:dicitur contra, nullum esse testamentum,
the objection is made that there is no testament, Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 42.—With dat., written in one word (post-Aug.).(α).To oppose a person by speaking against his views:(β).solitum se etiam Thraseae contradicere,
to oppose even Thrasea, Tac. H. 2, 91:tibi,
Suet. Aug. 54:Curioni...,
id. Rhet. 1. —Hence of answers and replies in law: quid si filium testatoris heres ejus prohibuit? Huic contradici potest: ergo pietatis, etc., he may be answered by this plea, etc., Dig. 11, 7, 14, § 13.—And of advisory answers opposed to one's legal views:volenti mihi ream adulterii postulare eam, etc., contradictum est,
my views were disapproved, rejected, Dig. 48, 5, 11, § 10.—To oppose an opinion, with dat. of the thing:(γ).cum plures tantum sententiis aliorum contradicerent,
opposed the opinions, Tac. H. 1, 39.—To object to a motion or petition, with dat. of the petitioner:(δ).patrem qui damnavit optat ne is torqueatur: pater ei contradicit,
the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 81:cum ambienti ut legibus solveretur multi contradicerent,
Suet. Caes. 18; Dig. 40, 5, 14; 40, 12, 33.—With dat. of the petition:(ε).preces erant, sed quibus contradici non posset,
which could not be denied, Tac. H. 4, 46 fin.; Dig. 3, 1, 1, § 2.—To contest the validity of a law (rare):(ζ).quibus (legibus) contradici potest,
Quint. 7, 7, 4.—To contradict an assertion (very rare):d.pro certis autem habemus... cuicunque adversarius non contradicit,
Quint. 5, 10, 13.—With quin, to object:C.praetor Samnitibus respondit... nec contra dici quin amicitia de integro reconcilietur,
there was no objection to a reconciliation, Liv. 8, 2, 2.To one's disadvantage; mostly predic. with esse, unfavorable, adverse, damaging (post-Aug.;D.but cf. II. B. 2.): ut eum qui responsurus est vel tacere, vel etiam invitum id quod sit contra cogat fateri,
Quint. 7, 3, 14:cum verba (legis) contra sint,
id. 7, 1, 49:sed experimentum contra fuit,
unsuccessful, Tac. H. 2, 97 fin.:ubi fortuna contra fuit,
id. ib. 3, 18:si fortuna contra daret,
should be unfavorable, id. ib. 1, 65 fin.; id. A. 15, 13.Of logical opposition, with negative force.1.Of a direct contrast.a.Predicatively, with esse, fieri, etc., the contrary, the opposite:b.quod fieri totum contra manifesta docet res,
but experience teaches that just the contrary is true, Lucr. 3, 686; 4, 1088:in stultitia contra est,
with fools the reverse is true, Cic. Clu. 31, 84:in hac quidem re vereor ne etiam contra (i. e. sit),
id. Att. 12, 46; id. Off. 1, 15, 49:quod contra est,
Sall. J. 85, 21:quis non credat, etc.? Contra autem est,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 12; id. Ep. 7, 3; Dig. 37, 4, 4:contra fore si, etc.,
ib. 34, 2, 39, § 2:immo forsitan et contra (i. e. erit),
ib. 41, 3, 49:ego contra puto (i. e. esse),
Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 7; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 25.—With evenire, accidere, sentire, scribere, habere, etc.:c.utrumque contra accidit: istic enim bellum est exortum, hic pax consecuta,
of both the contrary has happened, Cic. Fam. 12, 18, 2; so Dig. 38, 2, 51:id ego contra puto (sc.: faciendum esse),
id. Att. 10, 8, 2:contra evenit in iis morbis,
Sen. Ep. 52, 7; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 163:ego contra sentio,
Sen. Clem. 1, 15, 5; Sedig. ap. Gell. 15, 24, 4; Dig. 40, 2, 25:Proculus contra (sc. sentit),
ib. 35, 2, 1, § 14; 33, 7, 25:licet Celsus contra scribat,
ib. 9, 2, 21, § 1: contra probatur, Gai Inst. 2, 78; Dig. 33, 7, 12, § 34.—Very rarely referring to a term in the same clause:cujus disparem mitioremque naturam contra interpretabatur,
interpreted in an opposite sense, misinterpreted, misunderstood, Tac. H. 4, 86 fin. —Referring to a word or phrase in the same predicate.(α).To an adverb, in an opposite manner, otherwise, differently, not, etc.:(β).nam ad summam totius rei pertinet, caute an contra demonstrata res sit,
Cic. de Or. 2, 81, 330: quod viriliter animoque fit, id, etc.;quod contra, id turpe,
id. Off. 1, 27, 94:sit sapienter usus aut contra,
Quint. 2, 5, 15:lactuca locis apricis optume autumno ponitur, mediterraneis aut frigidis contra ( = pessime),
Col. 11, 3, 25.—To a predicative adjective, not, the opposite, the reverse, etc.:(γ).ut aliae (res) probabiles videantur aliae contra,
improbable, Cic. Ac. 2, 32, 103; id. Off. 2, 2, 7:quid est quod me impediat ea quae probabilia mihi videantur sequi, quae contra, improbare,
id. ib. 2, 2, 8; id. Or. 2, 31, 135; Quint. 4, 2, 52.—To a verbal predicate:(δ).an frater fratri exsistat heres, an contra ( = annon),
Dig. 34, 5, 19.—To a subject infinitive:(ε).laudare testem vel contra pertinet ad momentum judiciorum,
praising or censuring a witness, Quint. 3, 7, 2.—To a clause, translated by not or by a repetition of the clause with a negative:(ζ).quae secundum naturam essent, ea sumenda et quadam aestimatione dignanda docebat, contraque contraria,
those that were not, not, Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 36: quod cuidam aut sapiens videor quod una non jerim, aut felix fuisse;mihi contra,
id. Att. 9, 12, 4: an credibile est, incestum cum filia commissum? Et contra, veneficum in noverca, adulterum in luxurioso? and incredible, etc., Quint. 5, 10, 19; so Dig. 9, 1, 2, § 1.—To an attributive genitive:2.Marius cognoscere quid boni utrisque or contra esset (i. e. mali),
Sall. J. 88, 2:verum de origine laudis contraque perspiciemus suo tempore (i. e. vituperationis),
Quint. 2, 4, 21:alii a propositione accusatoris contraque loci oriuntur,
the accuser and the accused, id. 7, 2, 31;so in several titles of the Digests, as Depositi vel contra, = actio depositi, vel contraria actio depositarii,
Dig. 16, 3 tit.; so ib. 16, 17, 1; 16, 13, 6; 16, 13, 7.—Reversing the relation of terms in the preceding sentence, the reverse, conversely, vice versa, etc.a.With its own predicate: saepe... corpus aegret, Cum tamen ex alia laetamur parte latenti;b.Et retro fit uti contra sit saepe vicissim, Cum miser ex animo laetatur corpore toto,
Lucr. 3, 108: illa altera argumentatio, quasi retro et contra, prius sumit, etc., ( proceeding), so to speak, backward and in inverted order, Cic. Part. Or. 13, 46: neque illud ignoro, etc.; sed non idem accidit contra, but the converse is not true, Quint. 8, 6, 3; Gell. 4, 2, 5: ut vocabula verbis, verba rursus adverbiis, nomina appositis et pronominibus essent priora. Nam fit contra quoque frequenter non indecore. for often, not inelegantly, the order is reversed, Quint. 9, 4, 24:quae etiam contra valent,
i. e. if the terms are reversed, id. 3, 7, 25; 9, 2, 49; 8, 6, 25; 9, 4, 72.—Belonging to the same predicate:E.ut quidque erit dicendum ita dicet, nec satura jejune, nec grandia minute, nec item contra,
Cic. Or. 36, 123:cum emtor venditori, vel contra, heres exstitit,
Dig. 35, 2, 48:in quibus patrium pro possessivo dicitur, vel contra,
Quint. 1, 5, 45; 5, 10, 71:junguntur autem aut ex nostro et peregrino, ut biclinium, aut contra, ut epitogium et Anticato,
id. 1, 5, 68:ut capras in montosis potius locis quam in herbidis (pascar), equas contra,
but with mares the reverse is the case, Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 16:itaque ille dicere melius quam praecipere, nos contra fortasse possumus,
Cic. Or. 42, 143:qua collegi solent ex his quae faciunt ea quae faciuntur, aut contra,
or vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 80; Dig. 14, 1, 1, § 12; 48, 5, 23, § 4.In logical antithesis of clauses with a merely rhet. force, on the contrary, on the other hand, vice versa; sometimes almost = sed or autem (freq.).1.In independent clauses.a.Opposing persons or parties: fortunam insanam esse... perhibent philosophi... Sunt autem alii philosophi qui contra Fortunam negant ullam exstare, Pac. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 23, 36 (Trag. Rel. v. 372 Rib.); Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68; Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 1:b.ego etiam quae tu sine Verre commisisti Verri crimini daturus sum... Tu, contra, ne quae ille quidem fecit, obicies,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 11, 35:ego contra ostendo, non modo nihil fecisse Sex. Roscium, sed, etc.,
id. Rosc. Am. 29, 79; id. Phil. 8, 3, 8; id. Off. 1, 30, 108; id. Fin. 5, 22, 62:in Italia bellum gerimus, in sede ac solo nostro... Hannibal contra in aliena, in hostili est terra,
Liv. 22, 39, 13; 21, 50, 2; 3, 15, 2; 6, 7, 4; 9, 35, 4 et saep.; Nep. Alcib. 8, 1; Vell. 2, 31, 4; Sen. Ep. 9, 14; id. Ira, 2, 33, 6; Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 113; Tac. H. 3, 84; 3, 57; Suet. Tib. 2; id. Vit. 2; Just. 2, 1, 10; 8, 4, 11:contra mercator, navim jactantibus austris Militia est potior?
Hor. S. 1, 1, 6; 1, 2, 30; 1, 3, 27; Prop. 2, 1, 45; 2, 23, 13 (3, 17, 3); Sen. Hippol. 214;so with versa vice: barbarae gentes (Alexandrum) non ut hostem, sed ut parentem luxerunt... Contra Macedones versa vice non ut civem, sed ut hostem amissum gaudebant,
Just. 13, 1, 7.—Introducing a secondary or parallel opposition of thought: in loco umidiore far potius serunt quam triticum;2.contra in aridiore hordeum potius quam far,
Varr. R. R. 1, 9, 4; 1, 1, 47: si nihil esset quod inane vocaret, Omne foret solidum;nisi contra corpora certe Essent, etc., Omne quod est spatium vacuum constaret inane,
Lucr. 1, 521; 4, 348; cf.:justa omnia decora sunt, injusta contra, ut turpia, sic indecora,
Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94; id. N. D. 2, 15, 41; id. de Or. 3, 33, 136; id. Quint. 30, 93: id. Off. 3, 21, 84; id. Leg. 2, 1, 2: facilem esse rem... si modo unum omnes sentiant; contra in dissensione nullam se salutem perspicere, Caes. B. G, 5, 31; Liv. 25, 30, 3; Sen. Ben. 1, 5, 2; Plin. 12, 19, 42, § 92; 11, 14, 14, § 35; Suet. Caes. 73; Gell. 1, 4, 5:si male rem gerere insani est, contra bene, sani,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 74.—In opposition to a dependent clause:3.ut hi miseri, sic contra illi beati quos, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 16; so id. de Or. 1, 45, 198; Quint. 9, 3, 39:cui ego rei tantum abest ut impedimento sim, ut contra te M. Manli adhorter, etc.,
Liv. 6, 15, 5; 6, 31, 4:cum virtus adeo neminem spe ac pollicitatione corrumpat, ut contra in se inpendere jubeat, ac, etc.,
Sen. Ben. 4, 1, 2: aut igitur negemus quidquam ratione confici, cum contra nihil sine ratione recte fieri possit, aut, etc., whereas on the contrary, etc., Cic. Tusc. 4, 38, 84; cf.:at contra,
Lucr. 2, 392.—With co-ordinate conjunctions.a.Copulative, et contra or contraque (never with ac or atque); also nec contra (rare), and on the other hand.(α).With reference to a reason or conclusion, after nam, enim, cum, or itaque: nam et ratione uti... omnique in re quid sit veri videre et tueri decet, contraque falli [p. 454]... tam dedecet quam, etc., Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94:(β).malus est enim custos... metus, contraque benevolentia fidelis,
id. ib. 2, 7, 23:cum reficiat animos varietas ipsa, contraque sit aliquanto difficilius in labore uno perseverare,
Quint. 1, 12, 4; 3, 8, 32; 8, 6, 20:itaque in probris maxime in promptu est, si quid tale dici potest, etc. Contraque in laudibus, etc.,
Cic. Off. 1, 18, 61; cf. Suet. Calig. 51; so with nec:nam nec comoedia cothurnis assurgit, nec contra tragoedia socculo ingreditur,
Quint. 10, 2, 22.—With contrasted examples or illustrations, often after ut or sic:(γ).audivi ex majoribus natu, hoc idem fuisse in P. Scipione Nasica, contraque patrem ejus... nullam comitatem habuisse sermonis,
Cic. Off. 1, 30, 109:ut suspitionibus credi oportere, et contra suspitionibus credi non oportere,
id. Inv. 2, 15, 48; Quint. 8, 4, 1; 5, 10, 48; 9, 3, 7; 9, 4, 52; 11, 1, 14; Sen. Ep. 82, 14; Dig. 17, 1, 22, § 4.—With contrasted actions, assumptions, etc.:(δ).atque utinam qui ubique sunt propugnatores hujus imperii possent in hanc civitatem venire, et contra oppugnatores rei publicae de civitate exterminari!
Cic. Balb. 22, 51:domo pignori data, et area ejus tenebitur... et contra jus soli sequitur aedificium,
Dig. 13, 7, 21:equo et asina genitos mares, hinnos antiqui vocabant: contraque mulos quos asini et equae generassent,
Plin. 8, 44, 69, § 17: ceterum potest ex lege quidem esse judicium, sed legitimum non esse, et contra ex lege non esse, sed legitimum esse, Gai Inst. 4, 109; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161; 35, 15, 5, § 183.—After a negative clause, affirming the opposite idea, et contra or contraque, but on the contrary:b.in quo (consulatu) ego imperavi nihil, et contra patribus conscriptis et bonis omnibus parui,
Cic. Sull. 7, 21:nunc vero cum ne pulsus quidem ita sim ut superare non possim, contraque a populo Romano semper sim defensus, etc.,
id. Dom. 33, 88; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Marcell. 6, 20; so,et contra,
Suet. Tit. 7.—With adversative conjunctions, at contra, sed contra, contra autem, contra vero (not verum contra, nor contra tamen).(α).At contra (freq.), merely a strengthened contra (v. 1. supra): huc accedit uti mellis lactisque liquores Jucundo sensu linguae tractentur in ore;(β).At contra taetri absinthi natura... foedo pertorqueat ora sapore,
Lucr. 2, 400:cogunt,
id. 2, 74; 1, 366; 2, 235 et saep.: nos qui domi sumus, tibi beati videmur;at contra nobis tu quidem... prae nobis beatus,
Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 2; id. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; id. Rosc. Am. 45, 131; id. Verr. 2, 5, 26, § 66; Sall. J. 36, 2; 4, 7; 15, 3; id. C. 12, 5:ideo siccas aiunt Aethiopiae solitudines... At contra constat Germaniam abundare rivis,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 6, 2; 1, 3, 1; id. Ep. 100, 7; Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 186; Suet. Galb. 15; Tac. A. 4, 28.—Sed contra, after a negative sentence (class.):(γ).non quo acui ingenia adulescentium nollem, sed contra ingenia obtundi nolui,
Cic. de Or. 3, 24, 93; id. Att. 9, 15, 3; id. Ac. 1, 10, 35; id. Fl. 11, 26:arma populi Romani non liberis servitutem, sed contra servientibus libertatem adferre,
Liv. 45, 18, 1:tu ne cede malis, sed contra audentior ito,
Verg. A. 6, 95; Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 12.—PostAug. also without a preceding negation:obiisse nostro Laium scelere autumant superi inferique: sed animus contra innocens... negat,
Sen. Oedip. 765; Symm. Ep. 6, 81.—Contra autem (rare;(δ).in Cic. only where different subjects have contrasted predicates in dependent clauses): quia pacis est insigne toga, contra autem arma tumultus atque belli,
Cic. Pis. 30, 73.—In later writers = contra alone:sub septemtrione aedificia... conversa ad calidas partes oportere fieri videntur. Contra autem sub impetu solis meridiani regionibus conversa ad septemtrionem... sunt facienda,
Vitr. 6, 1, 2; Gell. 14, 2, 19; Dig. 7, 1, 25, § 3; 34, 3, 25.—Contra vero (very rare;(ε).not in Cic.), used for contra: contra vero quercus infinitam habet aeternitatem,
Vitr. 2, 9, 8; 6, 1, 3; Cels. 3, 6 fin. —Atqui contra, App. Mag. p. 287, 24.—c.With disjunctive conjunctions, aut contra, vel contra, seu contra, or on the contrary, or conversely (always without change of subject).(α).Aut contra:(β).num aut scriptum neget, aut contra factum infitietur?
Cic. Part. Or. 38, 133: quae (mens) aut languescit... aut contra tumescit, etc., Quint. 1, 2, 18:si imbres defuere, aut contra abundavere,
Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 228.—Vel contra:(γ).hinc enim quaestiones oriuntur: Injuriam fecisti, sed quia magistratus, majestatis actio est? Vel contra: Licuit... quia magistratus?
Quint. 5, 10, 40; 9, 4, 96; Suet. Galb. 3; Dig. 35, 2, 56, § 4; 8, 4, 6.—Seu contra:d.seu tristis veniam, seu contra laetus amicis,
Prop. 1, 11, 25.—With causal conjunctions, nam contra (very rare;4.never contra enim): falso queritur de natura sua genus humanum quod, etc. Nam contra, reputando, neque majus aliud, neque praestabilius invenies,
Sall. J. 1, 1; Quint. 1, 1, 1; 9, 2, 23. —In late Lat., e contra (also one word, ēcontrā) = contra,(α).In the meaning, the contrary (D. 1.):(β).aliis vero econtra videtur,
Hier. Ep. 12.—Et econtra = et contra (E. 3. a.):5.honestiorum provectu et econtra suppliciis,
Aur. Vict. Caes. 39, 45.—For quod contra, v. II. E. 1. c.—With emphatic particles.a.Quin contra, nay on the contrary, opposing an affirmative sentence to a preceding negative statement (quin etiam amplifies without opposition; sed contra opposes without amplification; quin contra both opposes and amplifies);b.not before Livy: num qui enim socordius rempublicam administrari post Calvi tribunatum... quam? etc. Quin contra patricios aliquot damnatos... neminem plebeium,
Liv. 6, 37, 8; 31, 31, 9; 35, 26, 10; 37, 15, 3.—Immo contra (post-Aug.).(α).= no, on the contrary, refuting opinions, after questions and in the form of a dialogue:(β).existimas nunc me detrahere tibi multas voluptates?... Immo contra, nolo tibi umquam deesse laetitiam,
Sen. Ep. 23, 3; Dig. 33, 7, 5; 33, 7, 29.—= sed contra, but on the contrary:c.proinde ne submiseris te, immo contra fige stabilem gradum,
Sen. Cons. Marc. 5, 6; id. Cons. Polyb. 15, 2; cf. prep.:immo contra ea,
Liv. 41, 24, 8; cf. II. E. 1. b. infra.—Item contra = an emphatic et contra (very rare):F.quoniam... beate vivere alii in alio, vos in voluptate ponitis, item contra miseriam in dolore, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 86; cf. I. A. 3. g supra.With a comparative clause introduced by ac, atque, or quam, representing a logical or moral opposition (contra atque debuit = non ita ut debuit; cf. Cic. Or. 3, 19, 70); cf. prep., II. C. 3. g, and II. E. 2. infra.1.Of logical opposition, contrary to, different from, otherwise than; in the best prose only with atque or ac.(α).With atque:(β).item, contra atque apud nos, fieri ad Elephantinem ut neque ficus neque vites amittant folia,
Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 6:simulacrum Jovis, contra atque ante fuerat, ad orientem convertere,
Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20; id. Sull. 24, 69:judicium suscepturos contra atque omnis Italia populusque Romanus judicavisset,
Caes. B. C. 3, 12; id. B. G. 4, 13; Plin. 12, 19, 43, § 95.—With ac:(γ).itaque contra est ac dicitis,
Cic. Fin. 4, 15, 41:vides, omnia fere contra ac dicta sint evenisse,
id. Div. 2, 24, 53; so id. Verr. 2, 4, 6, § 11; id. Or. 40, 137:cum contra ac Deiotarus sensit victoria belli judicaret,
id. Phil. 11, 13, 34:Petreius ubi videt, Catilinam, contra ac ratus erat, magna vi tendere, etc.,
Sall. C. 60, 5.—With ac and atque:(δ).si denique aliquid non contra ac liceret factum diceretur, sed contra atque oporteret,
Cic. Balb. 3, 7.—With quam (post-Aug.):2.cui contra quam proposuerat aliqua cesserunt,
Sen. Ira, 3, 6, 5; Plin. 10, 53, 74, § 149; 11, 21, 24, § 72; Gell. 6 (7), 8, 6:contra quam licet,
id. 1, 3, 19; Sil. 15, 107.—Of moral opposition of acts contrary to rules and principles (cf. II. 3. g infra); so always with quam:II.mater Aviti, generi sui, contra quam fas erat, amore capta,
contrary to the divine law, Cic. Clu. 5, 12:ut senatus, contra quam ipse censuisset, ad vestitum rediret,
contrary to its own resolution, id. Pis. 8, 18:contra quam ista causa postulasset,
id. Caecin. 24, 67:contra quam sanctum legibus est,
Liv. 30, 19, 9; Cic. Leg. 2, 5, 11; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 2; id. Dom. 46, 122:contraque faciunt quam polliceri videntur,
Auct. Her. 4, 3, 6; Cic. de Or. 2, 20, 86.Prep. with acc., before, against, facing, towards, opposite to, contrary to (acc. to many scholars not ante-class.; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 108; but found Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 24 Fleck., a line omitted by Lorenz as a gloss; id. Pers. 1, 1, 13 Ritschl; Att. ap. Non. p. 469, 15, or Trag. Rel. v. 476 Rib.; cf. also Plaut. Poen. 5, 6, 18; Cato, R. R. 18, 1, and v. I. A. 1. a. b, and I. A. 1. b. a supra).A.Local uses.1.Opposite, over against, facing.a.Of countries and places (mostly of those separated by water;b.adversus and e regione mostly of places opposite by land): insulae natura triquetra, cujus unum latus est contra Galliam,
Caes. B. G. 5, 13; 3, 9; 4, 20:ad insulam quae est contra Massiliam,
id. B. C. 1, 56; 3, 23:Rhodios, pacatis contra insulam suam terris, etc.,
Liv. 37, 15, 7; 3, 26, 8:Carthago Italiam contra,
Verg. A. 1, 13; 5, 124; Ov. M. 14, 17:insulae quae contra Tauri promuntorium inopportune navigantibus objacent, Chelidoniae nominantur,
Mel. 2, 7; Plin. 3, 26, 30, § 151; 6, 28, 32, § 152; 5, 7, 7, § 41; Tac. A. 3, 1; id. H. 2, 17.—Of the heavenly bodies:c.donique (luna) eum (sc. solem) contra pleno bene lumine fulsit,
Lucr. 5, 708:contra Volucris rostrum posita est Lyra,
Vitr. 9, 4, 5; Sen. Q. N. 1, 5, 9; 1, 8, 3; Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99; 5, 10, 10, § 56.—So, tertium (latus Britanniae) est contra septem triones, opposite ( facing); hence, contra meridiem and contra ortus (instead of ad or adversus meridiem, etc.), facing the south and east, Plin. 6, 24, 24, § 85; 17, 2, 2, § 22. —So of a person standing in the sunlight:cum minima umbra (i. e. a sole) contra medium fiet hominem,
Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 327; cf.:contra mediam faciem meridies erit,
id. 18, 33, 76, § 326.—Of opposite ends of a line.(α).Of the diameter of the earth: esse e regione nobis e contraria parte terrae qui adversis vestigiis stent contra nostra vestigia, quos antipodas vocatis, Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123.—(β).Of a line drawn:d.contra autem E littera I erit ubi secat circinationem linea,
opposite the point E will be the letter I, Vitr. 9, 7, 4.—Of buildings, etc.:e.contra hoc aviarium est aliud minus in quo quae mortuae sunt aves curator servare solet,
Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 5; Vitr. 5, 6, 3; 3, 5, 15:(statuam) quae fuerit contra Jovis Statoris aedem in vestibulo Superbi domus,
Plin. 34, 6, 13, § 29:contra medium fere porticum diaeta paulum recedit,
Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 20; 2, 17, 5; Suet. Aug. 44.—Of places on the human body:2.id quod contra stomachum est,
Cels. 4, 5 (4, 12 med.); 7, 7;4, 20 (13).—Of the direction of the intestines, etc.: ea... contra medium alvum orsa,
Cels. 4, 1 fin. —Of actions, opposite, towards, against, facing (syn.:a.adversus, ad, e regione,
Caes. B. G. 7, 61).In gen.:b.quamvis subito... quamque Rem contra speculum ponas, apparet imago,
Lucr. 4, 156: Democritus... clipeum constituit contra exortum Hyperionis, Laber. ap. Gell. 10, 17, 4:et contra magnum potes hos (i.e. oculos) attollere solem, Nec tremis...?
Prop. 1, 15, 37; Col. 7, 3, 8:rex constiterat contra pedites,
Curt. 10, 9, 13; 9, 5, 1:ne contra septentrionem paveris,
Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 330; 28, 6, 19, § 69:contra solem varie refulgens,
placed in the sun, id. 37, 10, 63, § 173; 10, 54, 75, § 151; 37, 6, 22, § 83;37, 7, 25, § 95: cum terrestres volucres contra aquam clangores dabunt,
id. 18, 35, 87, § 363; 19, 8, 39, § 131.—Dependent on verbs of motion (very rare without the idea of hostility):c.(Dinocrates) incessit contra tribunal regis jus dicentis,
towards, Vitr. 2, praef. 1.—So trop., of actions done for a purpose:lege Cornelia de sicariis tenetur qui, cum in magistratu esset, eorum quid fecerit contra hominis necem quod legibus permissum non sit,
Dig. 48, 8, 4.—Appositively, with the predicate: (elephanti) tanta narratur clementia contra minus validos, ut, etc., if fronting weaker animals, if brought in contact with them (not to be connected with clementia), Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 23.—Similarly: dum... fidens non est contra feram, if fronting the animal (not dependent on fidens), Plin. 8, 16, 21, § 57.—d.Against an opposing action, etc.:e.contra vim atque impetum fluminis conversa,
Caes. B. G. 4, 17, 5:cum plateae contra directos ventos erunt conformatae,
Vitr. 1, 6, 8:ut contra ventum gregem pascamus,
Col. 7, 3, 12; Sen. Q. N. 2, 31, 2; Plin. 29, 3, 12, § 52; 17, 2, 2, § 21; 8, 16, 21, § 54:contra fluminum impetus aggeribus,
id. 35, 14, 48, § 169:capite in sole contra pilum peruncto,
id. 27, 4, 5, § 17; 18, 35, 88, § 364; Varr. ap. Plin. 7, 20, 19, § 83; Sil. 14, 352; Dig. 9, 2, 29, § 4. [p. 455] — Trop.:contra fortunam tenendus est cursus,
Sen. Prov. 5, 9.—Prov.:contra stimulum calces,
kick against the pricks, Isid. Orig. 1, 36, 28 (al. calcitres); cf. Amm. 18, 5, 1.—Of local actions with hostile intent.(α).Lit.:(β).quae vis Coclitem contra omnes hostium copias tenuit?
Cic. Par. 1, 2, 12:Pompeium Cartejae receptum scribis: jam igitur contra hunc exercitum (sc. constitit),
id. Att. 15, 20, 3:pertimescam, credo, ne mihi non liceat contra vos in contione consistere,
to face you, id. Agr. 1, 8, 25; Lepidus ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 34, 1; Caes. B. C. 1, 26:a fronte contra hostem pedum quindecim fossam fieri jussit,
id. ib. 1, 41; 1, 42; id. B. G. 7, 62:Tullus adversus Veientem hostem derigit suos: Albanos contra legionem Fidenatium collocat,
Liv. 1, 27, 5; 24, 41, 5; 38, 4, 5; Verg. A. 12, 279; Front. Strat. 2, 2, 13; 2, 3, 17.—Appositively, with a local verb understood:terribilis haec contra fugientes belua est, fugax contra insequentes,
i. e. if fronting, if placed opposite, Plin. 8, 25, 38, § 92.—Trop.:f.castra sunt in Italia contra populum Romanum in Etruriae faucibus collocata,
Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 5; id. Mil. 1, 2; Quint. 7, 7, 5:tum contra hanc Romam illa altera Roma quaeretur,
will be as a rival against this Rome, Cic. Agr. 2, 22, 86:cui rationi contra homines barbaros atque imperitos locus fuisset, hac ne ipsum quidem sperare, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 40:(Cicero) plerumque contra inimicos atque obtrectatores plus vindicat sibi,
when fronting adversaries, Quint. 11, 1, 23.—In partic.(α).Stare contra aliquem (opp. stare ab aliquo); usu. implying hostility; mostly trop., to stand against, to be arrayed against, to face, oppose:(β).quod contra hoc exemplum nulla staret eorum ratio,
Auct. Her. 4, 5, 7:contra populi studium,
Cic. Brut. 34, 126:contra civium perditorum... dementiam a senatu et a bonorum causa,
id. ib. 79, 273; so,a mendacio contra veritatem,
id. Inv. 1, 3, 4:contra cives in acie,
id. Att. 16, 11, 2:et adversi contra stetit ora juvenci,
opposite, Verg. A. 5, 477; 5, 414:haec enim (ratio) sola... stat contra fortunam,
Sen. Ep. 14, 4, 2: contra leonem etiam stetit, fronted, i. e. hunted, Spart. Carac. 5 fin. —Contra aliquem ire:3.aut saevos Libyae contra ire leones,
Stat. Th. 9, 16.— Trop.:uti contra injurias armati eatis,
Sall. J. 31, 6:interritus (sapiens) et contra illa (mala) ibit et inter illa,
Sen. Ep. 59, 8; cf.: contra venire, II. B. 1. c. b infra, and v. also II. B. 2. b. and II. B. 1. b. infra.—Transf.,a.To persons placed together for comparison:b.C. vero Caesar, si foro tantum vacasset, non alius ex nostris contra Ciceronem nominaretur,
Quint. 10, 1, 114:CORONATO CONTRA OMNES SCAENICOS,
Inscr. Grut. p. 331, n. 4.—To things compared, as if weighed against each other as to their value, strength, etc.(α).Lit. (very rare):(β).quamcunque vis rem expende, et contra aquam statue... Si gravior est, leviorem rem... feret, etc.,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—Prop.:c.cujus (i. e. generis humani) causa videtur cuncta alia genuisse natura, magna saeva mercede contra tanta sua munera,
Plin. 7, 1, 1, § 1:qui amicus esse coepit quia expedit, placebit ei aliquod pretium contra amicitiam,
Sen. Ep. 9, 9:numquam ulli fortiores cives fuerunt quam qui ausi sunt eum contra tantas opes ejus... condemnare,
Cic. Fam. 7, 2, 3:tantum studium bonorum in me exstitisse, contra incredibilem contentionem clarissimi et potentissimi viri,
id. ib. 7, 2, 2; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9, 3:nomen prorogans nostrum et memoriam extendens contra brevitatem aevi,
as a compensation for, Plin. 2, 63, 63, § 154.—So esp., valere contra, to weigh against, counterbalance, avail or prevail against: non vereor ne meae vitae modestia parum valitura sit contra falsos rumores, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 8:(illa facta) pro periculo potius quam contra salutem valere debere,
Cic. Part. Or. 35, 120; id. Off. 3, 29, 104:contrane lucrum nil valere Pauperis ingenium?
Hor. Epod. 11, 11; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 1; id. Cons. Helv. 5, 5; so,robur habere contra: si contra unamquamlibet partem fortunae satis tibi roboris est,
id. ib. 13, 2;so of counterchecks: in Creta decem qui cosmoe vocantur, ut contra consulare imperium tribuni plebis, sic illi contra vim regiam constituti,
Cic. Rep. 2, 33, 58.—Of antidotes: cimicum natura contra serpentium morsus valere dicitur, item contra venena omnia, Plin. 29, 4, 17, § 61.—Hence,Colloq., aliquid contra aurum est, something is worth gold, is superb, both predicatively and attributively (cf.: auro contra, I. A. 2. supra): hujusce pomaria in summa Sacra Via ubi poma veneunt, contra aurum imago, a spectacle for gold, i. e. a magnificent sight, Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 10 MSS. (al. aliter):d.numcubi hic vides citrum... num quod emblema aut lithostratum? quae illic omnia contra aurum,
superb, id. ib. 3, 2, 4 MSS. (Schneid. omits aurum, ex conj.):oneravi vinum, et tunc erat contra aurum,
Petr. 7, 6.—Transf., of replies, with aiebat, inquit, etc.; both in friendly and inimical sense; esp., contra ea, contra haec, = the adv. contra:B.contra ea Titurius sero facturos clamitabat, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 5, 29:contra ea Verginius unum Ap. Claudium et legum expertem et, etc., aiebat,
Liv. 3, 57, 1; 24, 45, 4:quae contra breviter fata est vates,
Verg. A. 6, 398:contra quod disertus Tu impie fecisti inquit, etc.,
Quint. 7, 1, 53 (cf.: contra ea, II. E. 1. infra).Denoting hostility or disadvantage.1.With verbs of hostile action.a.Of physical exertion:b.pugnavere et tertio consulatu ejus viginti (elephanti) contra pedites quingentos,
Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 22:proelium Afri contra Aegyptios primi fecere fustibus,
id. 7, 56, 57, § 200; 8, 40, 61, § 142. —Referring to warfare (usu. adversus), bellum gerere (rarely for cum or adversus; but contra patriam, contra aras, etc., not cum patria, etc.; cf.c.bellum, II. A. 1. e.): a quo prohibitos esse vos contra Caesarem gerere bellum (opp. pro),
Cic. Lig. 8, 25; id. Phil. 5, 10, 27; Liv. Ep. 129.—With bellum suscipere:contra Antonium,
Cic. Phil. 8, 2, 5; so,contra patriam,
id. Sull. 20, 58:pugnare contra patriam,
id. ib. 25, 70:contra conjuges et liberos,
Sen. Ben. 5, 15, 5:armatum esse contra populum Romanum,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 32.—With arma ferre (freq.), Cic. Phil. 2, 29, 72; 13, 21, 47; Liv. 28, 28, 15; Nep. Att. 4, 2; Tib. 1, 6, 30; Ov. M. 4, 609; 13, 269; id. P. 1, 1, 26.—With arma sumere or capere, Cic. Rab. Perd. 6, 19; id. Phil. 4, 1, 2; 4, 3, 7:armis contendere contra,
Caes. B. G. 2, 13:arma alicui dare (trop.),
Cic. Phil. 2, 21, 53:aciem instruere (trop.),
Liv. 25, 4, 4:exercitum comparare,
Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 14; 4, 1, 2:exercitum instruere,
id. Cat. 2, 11, 24:exercitum ducere and adducere,
id. Phil. 4, 2, 5; 3, 4, 11:exercitum contra Philippum mittere,
id. Inv. 1, 12, 17:naves ducere contra,
Hor. Epod. 4, 19:ducere contra hostes,
Liv. 1, 27, 4:florem Italiae educere contra,
Cic. Cat. 2, 11, 24:proficisci contra,
to march against, Liv. 1, 11, 3; 8, 2, 5:auxilium ferre Rutulis contra Latinos,
Plin. 14, 12, 14, § 88:juvare aliquem contra,
Caes. B. C. 1, 35:consilium inire contra Sequanos,
to take hostile measures against, id. B. G. 6, 12.—Of legal contention (more freq. adversus, except with verbs of saying).(α).In gen., with agere or causam agere, to act as counsel against a party or his attorney:(β).cum agerem contra hominem disertissimum nostrae civitatis,
Cic. Caecin. 33, 97; id. Brut. 63, 226; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 3; Quint. 11, 1, 59.—Causam recipere or suscipere contra, to accept a retainer against:(causam) quam receperam contra pueros Octavios,
Cic. Att. 13, 49, 1; Quint. 6, 1, 12; Plin. Ep. 4, 17, 1.—Adesse alicui contra, to appear, act as one's counsel against:rogavit me Caecilius ut adessem contra Satrium,
Cic. Att. 1, 1, 3; Plin. Ep. 1, 7, 5 al.; cf.:esse contra,
id. ib. 1, 18, 3.— Trop.: conquesturus venit;at contra se adfuit et satisfacienti satisfecit,
Sen. Fragm. Amic. 14, 1, 89:causam defendere contra,
against the accuser, Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 178:statuere contra aliquem (sc. causam),
to establish a case against an adversary, id. Or. 10, 34:actio competit contra,
Dig. 49, 14, 41:querelam instituere contra,
ib. 5, 2, 21, § 1:bonorum possessionem petere contra,
ib. 5, 2, 23:jus obtinere contra,
Cic. Quint. 9, 34:pugnare contra,
to struggle against the accuser, id. Sull. 17, 49; id. Verr. 1, 11, 33:id quod mihi contra illos datum est,
i. e. a local advantage over, id. Tull. 14, 33:judicare contra aliquem,
id. Fl. 20, 48; Dig. 21, 2, 55; 5, 2, 14; Just. Inst. 4, 17, 2:pronuntiare contra,
Paul. Sent. 5, 34, 2: dare sententiam contra, Dig. 21, 2, 56, § 1:decernere contra,
Cic. Fl. 31, 76:appellare contra aliquem,
Dig. 49, 1, 3; 49, 5, 6; cf.:contra sententiam,
Cod. Just. 7, 62, 32, § 2.—Sentire contra aliquem, to have an opinion unfavorable to:cur vos (cum) aliquid contra me sentire dicatis, etc.,
Cic. Caecin. 27, 79.—Venire contra aliquem, to appear as counsel for one's adversary:(γ).quid tu, Saturi, qui contra hunc venis, existimas aliter?
Cic. Rosc. Com. 6, 18; id. Mur. 4, 9; id. Phil. 8, 6, 18.—Venire contra rem alicujus, to give advice damaging one's interests:contra rem suam me venisse questus est,
Cic. Phil. 2, 2, 3.—With dicere and other verbs of saying. (aa) Of a lawyer pleading against a lawyer:d.ipse ille Mucius, quid in illa causa cum contra te diceret, attulit quod? etc.,
Cic. de Or. 1, 57, 244:cum ille contra me pro Sex. Naevio diceret,
id. Brut. 60, 2, 7; id. de Or. 2, 7, 30; id. Rosc. Am. 15, 45; id. Div. in Caecil. 14, 44; id. Planc. 2, 5; id. Brut. 26, 102; so,causam dicere,
id. Or. 2, 23, 98:causam perorare,
id. Quint. 24, 77.—(bb) Of a lawyer's pleading against the parties: dic mihi, M. Pinari, num si contra te dixero mihi male dicturus es? Servil. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 65, 261; 3, 34, 138; 1, 14, 60; id. Or. 35, 123; Quint. 11, 1, 57; cf. with ellipsis of acc.:quorum alter pro Aufldia, contra dixit alter,
id. 10, 1, 22.—(ng) Of a party against a lawyer:si Gaditani contra me dicerent,
if the Gaditani were my adversaries, Cic. Balb. 17, 38.—(dd) Of witnesses and experts, and the pleadings against them:si decressent legationem quae contra istum diceret,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 4, § 12: contra testes dicere (opp. a testibus or pro testibus). Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118 (cf.:testimonium in aliquem dicere,
id. Sull. 17, 48; Quint. 7, 4, 36):contra juris consultos dicere,
against their legal opinions, Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—So of witnesses in scientific questions:contra testes dicendum est,
Sen. Q. N. 7, 16, 1.—(ee) Dicere or contendere aliquid contra aliquem, to maintain a point against:cum interrogamus adversarios... quid contra nos dici possit,
Auct. Her. 4, 23, 33:tamenne vereris ut possis hoc contra Hortensium contendere?
Cic. Quint. 25, 78. —Of literary adversaries, mostly with verbs of saying and writing:e.cum scriberem contra Epicurios,
Cic. Att. 13, 38, 1:contra Epicurum satis superque dictum est,
id. N. D. 2, 1, 2:contra Brutum,
id. Tusc. 5, 8, 21:contra Academiam,
id. Ac. 2, 19, 63; id. Fin. 1, 1, 2; 5, 8, 22; id. Tusc. 5, 11, 32; 5, 30, 84; id. Ac. 2, 4, 17:contra autem omnia disputatur a nostris,
id. Off. 2, 2, 8.—Of public and political adversaries (syn. adversus and in).(α).In gen.:(β).sentire contra,
Cic. Mil. 2, 5:pugnare contra bonos,
id. Sull. 25, 71:contra eos summa ope nitebatur nobilitas,
Sall. C. 38, 2; Cic. Sest. 19, 42; 52, 112:(tribuni) qui aut contra consulem, aut pro studio ejus pugnabant,
Liv. 39, 32, 12.—Of political speaking:f.cum (Cato) eo ipso anno contra Serv. Galbam ad populum summa contentione dixisset,
Cic. Brut. 20, 80; so id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 53; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 9, 1.—Of hostile or criminal acts in gen. (syn.:2.adversus, in): inire consilia contra,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 110; id. Cat. 1, 7, 18:manum comparare contra aliquem,
id. Sull. 24, 68:conjurationem facere,
id. ib. 4, 12:congredi,
id. Lig. 3, 9; Sall. J. 64, 4:aliquid contra imperatorem moliri,
Just. Inst. 4, 18, 3:nec dolor armasset contra sua viscera matrem,
against her own offspring Ov. R. Am. 59.—Facere contra (more freq. with abstr. objects; cf. II. C. 1. f. b infra): nunc te contra Caesarem facere summae stultitiae est, to take parts against, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 16, 2:eae (res) contra nos ambae faciunt,
operate against us, id. Quint. 1, 1.—With verbs of saying, etc.:homo disertus non intellegit, eum quem contra dicit laudari a se?
Cic. Phil. 2, 8, 18; 2, 1, 2; 2, 21, 51; Sen. Ep. 15, 3, 70:epigramma quod contra quamdam Gelliam scripsit,
Lampr. Alex. Sev. 38:disputare contra deos, in two signif.: contra deum licet disputare liberius,
to accuse, reproach a god, Cic. N. D. 3, 31, 76; but: mala et impia consuetudo est contra deos disputandi, to reason against the gods, i. e. against their existence, id. ib. 2, 67, 168.—Predicatively, with esse (videri, etc.), against, injurious to, unfavorable, prejudicial, to one's disadvantage: ut [p. 456] ex senatusconsulto neque cujus intersit, neque contra quem sit intellegi possit, Cic. Mur. 32, 68; id. de Or. 3, 20, 75; 2, 74, 299; 2, 81, 330; id. Sull. 13, 39; Sen. Ben. 6, 31, 6:3.licentiam malis dare certe contra bonos est,
injurious to, Quint. 4, 2, 75:res contra nos est, of unfavorable chances in a lawsuit,
id. 4, 66, 1; 4, 2, 75; 5, 13, 32.—Often, contra aliquem = quod est contra aliquem, referring to indef. pronouns or adjectives:nihil contra me fecit odio mei = nihil quod esset contra me,
Cic. Har. Resp. 3, 5; id. Off. 3, 31, 112:quibus (temporibus) aliquid contra Caesarem Pompeio suaserim,
id. Phil. 2, 10, 24.—Added adverb. to the predicate, mostly referring to purpose, with hostile intent, for the purpose of some hostile act, in order to oppose, in opposition:4.Caesarine eam (provinciam) tradituri fuistis, an contra Caesarem retenturi?
or keep it against Caesar, Cic. Lig. 7, 23:sero enim resistimus ei quem per annos decem aluimus contra nos,
id. Att. 7, 5, 5:judicium illud pecunia esse temptatum non pro Cluentio, sed contra Cluentium,
id. Clu. 4, 9; id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 52; id. Ac. 2, 28, 92:cum quae facitis ejusmodi sint ut ea contra vosmet ipsos facere videamini,
id. Rosc. Am. 36, 104; Sen. Ep. 3, 7, 3: Curio se contra eum totum parat, i. e. to speak against him, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 10; Caes. B. C. 1, 85 ter; Sen. Q. N. 1, 7, 1; Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 192; Plin. Pan. 41.—So with the force of a temporal clause:fidem meam quam essent contra Massam Baebium experti,
in the suit against, Plin. Ep. 3, 4, 4.—Dependent on adjectives (rare):5.contra se ipse misericors,
to his own injury, Phaedr. 4, 18, 3:severissimus judex contra fures,
Lampr. Alex. Sev. 28.—With nouns.a.Acc. to 1. b.:b.ut quam maximae contra Hannibalem copiae sint,
Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17; cf. Vell. 2, 76, 3.—Acc. to 1. c. and 1. e.; so esp., oratio contra (cf.: oratio in).(α).Oratio contra (never in), of an address against the counsel of a party or against the prosecutor:(β).quid in omni oratione Crassus vel apud centumviros contra Scaevolam, vel contra accusatorem Brutum, cum pro Cn. Plancio diceret?
Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 220; cf.:Cato pro se contra Cassium = in oratione contra,
Gell. 10, 15, 3; so,haec perpetua defensio contra Scaevolam,
Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 221:orationem illam egregiam quam (Aeschines) in Ctesiphontem contra Demosthenem dixerat,
id. ib. 3, 56, 213.—Of an address against the party, either in judicial or political affairs:c.unam orationem contra Gracchum reliquit,
Cic. Brut. 26, 99:(Demosthenis) oratio contra Leptinem... contra Aeschinem falsae legationis,
id. Or. 31, 111; Gell. 10, 24, 10; 10, 18, 91; Cic. Brut. 46, 169; Quint. 12, 10, 61; Cic. de Or. 2, 11, 45; id. Brut. 44, 164; Gell. 13, 25 (24), 15; cf. Quint. 4, 3, 13; 11, 2, 25.—Acc. to 1. f.:C.contra patres concitatio et seditio,
Cic. Brut. 14, 56.—Of animals:contra volpium genus communibus inimicitiis,
Plin. 10, 76, 96, § 207.With inanimate and abstract objects.1.Directly dependent on verbs (cf. B. 1.).a.Of physical or moral exertion:b.cum fulmina contra Tot paribus streperet clipeis,
Verg. A. 10, 567:pugnandum tamquam contra morbum, sic contra senectutem,
Cic. Sen. 11, 35:contra verum niti,
Sall. J. 35, 8:contra fortunam luctari,
Sen. Ben. 7, 15, 2; id. Brev. Vit. 10, 1; id. Ep. 78, 15; 99, 32; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 31, 110.—Of warfare (lit. and trop.):c.bellum contra aras, focos, vitam fortunasque gerere,
Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 1:bellum gerimus... contra arma verbis,
id. Fam. 12, 22, 1.—So of logical contradictions:artificis autem est invenire in actione adversarii quae semet ipsa pugnent,
Quint. 5, 13, 30.—Of legal contention.(α).Of the actions of the counsel or prosecutor: dicere, or perorare, agere contra aliquid, to plead against, contest something:(β).contra argumenta, rumores, tabulas, quaestiones (opp. ab argumentis, etc.),
Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9 sqq.; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118:contra ratiocinationem,
id. Inv. 2, 50, 153: contra scriptum dicere, to contest, controvert a written law or a document, id. ib. 2, 47, 138; 2, 48, 143; id. Brut. 39, 145; Quint. 7, 7, 1:contra caput dicere,
to plead against life, Cic. Quint. 13, 44 (cf.:servum in caput domini interrogare,
Paul. Sent. 1, 1, 34; 5, 16, 5 and 8; 5, 46, 3): contra libertatem agere, Dig. 40, 12, 26.—Pregn.:contra rerum naturam, contraque consuetudinem hominum dicere (opp. contra nos dicere),
Cic. Rosc. Am. 15, 45.—Of judicial decisions contradicting documents, etc.:(γ).contra tabulas judicare,
Cic. de Or. 2, 70, 281:contra testamentum,
Dig. 2, 17, § 1:contra sententiam dicere,
ib. 49, 8, 1, § 2.—Admittere aliquem contra bona, to admit a petition for bonorum possessio (cf.:d.inmittere in bona),
Dig. 38, 2, 3, § 6.—Of antagonism in literary and ethical questions.(α).To contend that something is false:(β).dicere, disputare, disserere contra opinionem or sententiam,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; 5, 19, 55; id. de Or. 3, 18, 67; id. Fin. 5, 4, 10; id. Ac. 2, 18, 60; Sen. Ira, 1, 3, 3; id. Ep. 87, 5; 102, 5 (cf.:in sententiam dicere,
in support of an opinion, Caes. B. G. 1, 45):contra sensus dicere,
Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 101:contra rhetoricen dicere,
Quint. 2, 17, 40.—Of criticism, hostility to principles, etc.:(γ).contra Iliadem et Odysseam scribere,
Vitr. 7, praef. 8:contra quorum disciplinam ingenium ejus exarserat,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 29, 83.—Ethically:e.contra voluptatem dicere,
that pleasure is a moral evil, Cic. Fin. 5, 8, 21:contra mortem loqui,
that death is no evil, Sen. Ep. 82, 7;in both senses: contra vitia, pericula, fortunam, ambitionem,
id. ib. 100, 10:contra fortunam gloriari,
that fortune has no power over him, Cic. Tusc. 5, 9, 26; Sen. Ep. 26, 5.—Of public and political acts and speeches:f.contra potentiam accusatorum dicere,
Cic. Brut. 44, 164:contra legem dicere or verba facere,
id. Imp. Pomp. 15, 53; Liv. 34, 8, 1:rogationem ferre contra coloniam ( = contra legem de colonia deducenda),
Cic. Clu. 51, 140; Auct. Her. 1, 17, 21; Plin. 8, 17, 24, § 64.—Of hostility, injury, wrongs, etc.(α).In gen.:(β).senatusconsulto quod contra dignitatem tuam fieret,
directed against, Cic. Fam. 12, 29, 2:contra rem publicam se commovere,
id. Cat. 1, 26; 1, 3, 7:incitari,
id. Sest. 47, 100:consilia inire,
id. Agr. 2, 3, 8:conjurationem facere,
Sall. C. 30, 6:contra salutem urbis incitari,
Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20:cogitare aliquid contra salutem,
id. ib. 3, 9, 21: contra voluntatem or studium dicere, to oppose one's will in a speech:esse aliquem in civitate qui contra ejus (Chrysogoni) voluntatem dicere auderet,
id. Rosc. Am. 22, 60; id. Phil. 1, 11, 28; id. de Or. 3, 34, 138; id. Mur. 4, 10; Tac. H. 2, 91:ne quid contra aequitatem contendas, ne quid pro injuria,
do not array yourself against equity, Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71.— Trop.:quis non contra Marii arma, contra Suliae proscriptionem irascitur? ( = Mario propter arma, Sullae propter proscriptionem),
Sen. Ira, 2, 2, 3.—In partic.: facere contra aliquid (syn. adversus), to commit an offence against, to transgress, etc.:2.si quis ad Antonium profectus esset... senatus existimaturum eum contra rem publicam fecisse,
Cic. Phil. 8, 11, 33; id. Mil. 5, 13; 6, 14; id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 3, 25, 95; S. C. ap. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 6; Liv. 25, 4, 7; so,contra salutem rei publicae facere,
Cic. Dom. 38, 102:contra majestatem,
against the emperor, Dig. 48, 4, 5:contra leges,
Cic. Dom. 18, 48; id. Vatin. 7, 18; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Mur. 32, 67; id. de Or. 3, 19, 70; cf. id. Clu. 34, 92; id. Mur. 32, 68; id. Dom. 14, 38; id. Phil. 10, 6, 13; Gai Inst. 4, 121:contra edictum (praetoris),
Cic. Verr 2, 3, 10, § 25; Dig. 39, 1, 20, § 1:contra foedus,
Cic. Balb. 6, 16:contra jusjurandum ac fidem,
id. Off. 3, 10, 43; id. Lael. 3, 30, 74; id. Verr. 2, 3, 3, § 7; Prop. 3, 30, 44 (2, 32, 44).—And ironically:tune contra Caesaris nutum (sc. facies)?
Cic. Att. 14, 10, 1.—Rarely contra ea facere = contra facere, adverb. (cf. I. B. 8. and II. E. 1. b.):corpus in civitatem inferri non licet... et qui contra ea fecerit, extra ordinem punitur,
Paul. Sent. 1, 21, 2; 1, 21, 12.—Predicatively with esse (usu. impers.), in violation of, in conflict with, contrary to (cf. 3. g).(α).With esse expressed as the predicate:(β).hominem hominis incommodo suum augere commodum magis est contra naturam quam mors,
Cic. Off. 3, 5, 21; id. Fin. 3, 9, 31; id. N. D. 3, 13, 33; Sen. Ep. 5, 4; Plin. 7, 8, 6, § 45:contra leges or legem est,
Cic. Pis. 13, 30; id. Mur. 32, 67:contra officium est,
id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 1, 10, 32; 1, 6, 19; cf. id. Lael. 11, 39; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Liv. 6, 40, 5; Sen. Q. N. 2, 37, 2; Gai Inst. 3, 157; Dig. 30, 1, 112, § 3; 16, 3, 1, § 7.—With ellipsis of object (naturam), Cic. Fin. 5, 29, 89; cf.:adeo res ista non habet ullam moram quae contra causas ignium sit,
unfavorable to the formation of fire, Sen. Q. N. 2, 26, 7.—With verbal predicate, referring to an indef. pron. or adj., with esse understood:(γ).scis hunc... nihil umquam contra rem tuam cogitasse ( = nihil quod contra rem tuam esset),
Cic. Rosc. Am. 50, 147; id. Mil. 5, 13:aliquid contra animum audiendi,
something against our liking, Sen. Const. 19, 2.—So mostly with facere:si quid Socrates aut Aristippus contra morem consuetudinemque fecerint,
Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148; id. Att. 3, 23, 2; 2, 22, 2; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Sall. C. 15, 1; Dig. 8, 2, 11; 8, 2, 17; 35, 1, 79, § 2. —Contra officium, substantively, = id quod contra officium est:3.Sic inter recte factum atque peccatum, officium et contra officium, media locabat quaedam,
Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 37.—Adverbially with the predicate.(α).In order to oppose, in opposition to, with hostile intent (cf. B. 3.):(β).eidem illam proscriptionem capitis mei contra salutem rei publicae rogatam esse dicebant,
that the proposal of the law was an attack on the republic, Cic. Prov. Cons. 19, 45; id. Rab. Perd. 12, 35; id. Phil. 10, 10, 22:imperator contra postulata Bocchi nuntios mittit,
to reply to the demands, Sall. J. 83, 3; 25, 6; so,advocare contra,
Sen. Cons. Polyb. 12, 4; id. Ep. 15, 2, 52:si contra mortem te praeparaveris,
to meet death, id. ib. 11, 3, 8.—With the force of a clause of manner, injuriously to, etc.:(γ).quibus contra valetudinis commodum laborandum est,
Cic. Mur. 23, 47; Suet. Aug. 78:contra hominis salutem,
with danger to a man's life, Cod. Just. 7, 62, 29.—In gen., of conflict with some rule or principle, contrary to, in violation of, without regard to ( = ita ut contra sit; cf. 2. supra; very freq. from the class. period;4.syn. adversus): ceperitne pecunias contra leges P. Decius,
Cic. de Or. 2, 31, 136; id. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 10; id. Fl. 34, 86:pecuniam contra leges auferre,
id. Verr. 1, 18, 56; 2, 1, 10, § 27; 2, 5, 18, § 46; id. Har. Resp. 26, 56:contra legem,
id. Rab. Perd. 3, 8; id. Dom. 16, 41:contra jus fasque,
id. Har. Resp. 16, 34; id. Quint. 6, 28:contra jus,
Liv. 5, 4, 14; id. Dom. 13, 55; id. Verr. 2, 5, 13, § 34:contra jus gentium,
Liv. 4, 32, 5; 9, 10, 10; 21, 25, 7; 5, 36, 6;6, 1, 6: contra juris rigorem,
Dig. 40, 5, 24, § 10 et saep.:contra testimonium aliquid judicare,
without regard to, Cic. Brut. 31, 117:aliquid contra verecundiam disputare,
contrary to the rules of decency, id. Off. 1, 35, 128:aliquid contra fidem constituere,
Quint. 5, 13, 34:quae majores nostri contra lubidinem animi sui recte atque ordine fecere,
contrary to the dictates of passion, Sall. C. 51, 4; id. J. 33, 1; cf. of logical opposition, II. E. 2. infra.—Dependent on substt.a.Of physical strife:b.scit ille imparem sibi luctatum contra nexus (draconis),
Plin. 8, 12, 12, § 33. —Of warfare:c.imperatorum copia contra tuum furorem,
Cic. Mur. 39, 83:Parthorum gloria contra nomen Romanum,
Liv. 9, 18, 6: in castris perditorum contra patriam, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 6.—Of legal contention:d.causa contra scriptum,
Cic. Inv. 2, 46, 135.—Of political speaking:e.divina M. Tullii eloquentia contra leges agrarias,
Quint. 2, 16, 7; 9, 3, 50; Gell. 18, 7, 7.—Of literary opposition:f.Caesaris vituperatio contra laudationem meam,
Cic. Att. 12, 40, 1.—Of hostility, etc.:g.cujus factum, inceptum, conatumve contra patriam,
Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27:ullum factum dictumve nostrum contra utilitatem vestram,
Liv. 6, 40, 5.—Of injury:h.vitae cupiditas contra rem publicam,
Cic. Planc. 37, 90: contra serpentes venenum, fatal to serpents, or as a defence against serpents, Plin. 7, 2, 2, § 15.—Of violation, disregard, etc. (cf. 3. g):5.iter contra senatus auctoritatem,
Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 48:contra consuetudinem somnium,
Plin. 10, 77, 98, § 211:bonorum possessio contra tabulas,
Dig. 37, 4, 3, § 13; Gai Inst. 3, 41.—Dependent on adjectives (very rare; cf.D.II. D. 2. c. infra): contraque patris impii regnum impotens, avum resolvam,
Sen. Herc. Fur. 966.Of defence, protection, and resistance (syn.: adversus, ab).1.Against persons.a.Dependent on verbs:b.cum populus Romanus suam auctoritatem vel contra omnes qui dissentiunt possit defendere,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 63: si ego consul rem publicam [p. 457] contra te et gregales tuos defendissem, id. Sest. 52, 111; 22, 49; 8, 20; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; id. Phil. 2, 18, 45:contra quem multum omnes boni providerunt,
provided a great defence, id. Mur. 38, 81: formula qua utitur patronus contra libertum qui eum in jus vocat, as a defence against, Gai Inst. 4, 46. —And of protection of plants against injurious animals:contra haec animalia proderit, si, etc.,
Pall. 10, 3, 2.—Dependent on adjectives, mostly participial:2.paratus contra,
Cic. Mil. 21, 56:nihil satis firmum contra Metellum,
Sall. J. 80, 1:contra potentes nemo est munitus satis,
Phaedr. 2, 6, 1.—Against inanimate and abstract things.a.Dependent on verbs:b.contra avium morsus munitur vallo aristarum,
Cic. Sen. 15, 51:propugnaculum, quo contra omnes meos impetus usurum se putat,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 16, § 40; 2, 5, 39, § 102:publicam causam contra vim armatam suscipere,
id. Dom. 34, 91; id. Quint. 30, 94; id. Leg. 3, 3, 9:contra tantas difficultates providere,
Sall. J. 90, 1; 76, 4; so,contra ea,
id. ib. 57, 5:patricii vi contra vim resistunt,
Liv. 3, 13, 4; Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 28; Tac. Agr. 45; Sen. Prov. 4, 12; id. Const. 5, 4.—Dependent on substt.:c.suffragia contra oppugnationem vestrae majestatis,
Cic. Rab. Perd. 12, 35:defensio contra vim,
id. Mil. 5, 14:patronus justitiae fuit contra orationem Phili,
id. Lael. 7, 25; Plin. 29, 2, 9, § 30; 14, 3, 4, § 40:contra labores patientia,
id. 23, 1, 22, § 37.—Dependent on adjectives (in Cic. freq. with P. a. predicatively used; otherwise very rare;3.in later prose freq.): nec est quidquam Cilicia contra Syriam munitius,
against an attack from the side of Syria, Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 4:ut nullius res tuta, nullius domus clausa, nullius vita saepta, nullius pudicitia munita contra tuam cupiditatem posset esse,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 39; id. Fin. 1, 16, 51; id. Mil. 25, 67; id. Tusc. 5, 8, 19; 5, 27, 76:vir contra audaciam firmissimus,
id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85; Sall. J. 33, 2; 28, 5:fortis contra dolorem,
Sen. Ep. 98, 18; Quint. 12, 1, 10:callosus,
Plin. 11, 37, 54, § 147; 14, 2, 4, § 23:far contra hiemes firmissimum,
id. 18, 8, 19, § 83:equus tenax contra vincula,
Ov. Am. 3, 4, 13:contraque minantia fata pervigil,
Claud. I. Cons. Stil. 1, 284.—Of remedies against sickness and its causes, poison, etc.; so only in Plin.; in Pall. only of preventives and of protection against hurtful animals, and against mental perturbations in gen.; cf. infra (syn. ad in Cat., Cic., Cels., Col.; adversus only in Celsus, who also has in with abl.).(α).Dependent on verbs:(β).cujus et vinum et uva contra serpentium ictus medetur,
Plin. 14, 18, 22, § 117; 7, 2, 2, § 13:prodest et contra suspiria et tussim,
id. 20, 13, 50, § 128:valet potum contra venena,
id. 28, 7, 21, § 74; 29, 4, 22, § 71; 29, 4, 26, § 81; 28, 8, 27, § 98; 16, 37, 71, § 180; 35, 6, 14, § 34; 28, 6, 18, §§ 65-67.—Dependent on substt.:(γ).remedium contra morsus,
Plin. 8, 32, 50, § 118; 10, 59, 79, § 163:contra venena esse omnia remedio,
id. 16, 44, 95, § 251; 17, 24, 37, § 240; 7, 1, 1, § 4.—Dependent on adjectives:(δ).vinum quod salutare contra pestilentiam sit,
Pall. 11, 14, 17.—Appositively, as a remedy:E.cujus lacteum succum miris laudibus celebrat... contra serpentes et venena,
Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 16; 29, 4, 26, § 83. —So of remedies against affections:Tiberium tonante caelo coronari ea (lauro) solitum ferunt contra fulminum metus,
Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 135; cf. Sen. Ira, 2, 21, 1; id. Tranq. 5. 1.Of logical opposition.1.With a neuter demonstrative (contra ea, contra haec, contra quae, quod contra = contra, adv.).a.The contrary, the reverse (very rare; cf.b.I. D. 1.): sed mihi contra ea videtur,
but to me the contrary seems true, Sall. J. 85, 1:omnia quae contra haec sunt, omnia quae contra sunt,
and vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 90. —Contra ea, on the contrary, in logical antithesis (not in Cic. and Sall.; once in Caes. and Quint.; several times in Liv. and Nep.; cf.: contra ea, in other uses, II. A. 2. e. a, II. D. 2. a., II. A. 3. d., II. C. 1. f.):c.omnes arderent cupiditate pugnandi... contra ea Caesar... spatiumque interponendum... putabat ( = at contra),
but Caesar on the contrary, Caes. B. C. 3, 74: superbe ab Samnitibus... legati prohibiti commercio sunt;contra ea benigne ab Siculorum tyrannis adjuti,
Liv. 4, 52, 6; 2, 60, 1; 21, 20, 6;44, 43, 5: pater... Thracem me genuit, contra ea mater Atheniensem,
Nep. Iphicr. 3, 4; id. praef. 6; id. Alcib. 8, 1.—And after a question, with immo (cf. I. E. 5. b.):an infirmissimi omnium... (sumus)? Immo contra ea vel viribus nostris, vel, etc., tuti (sumus),
Liv. 41, 24, 8.—Quod contra, by anastrophe (v. F. 1.), contrary to which, whereas, while on the contrary (only once in Lucr. and three times in Cic.):2.illud in his rebus vereor ne forte rearis, Inpia te rationis inire elementa viamque indugredi sceleris: quod contra saepius illa Religio peperit scelerosa atque impia facta,
whereas on the contrary, Lucr. 1, 81:cujus a me corpus crematum est, quod contra decuit ab illo meum (sc. cremari),
Cic. Sen. 23, 84:quod contra oportebat delicto dolere, correctione gaudere,
id. Lael. 24, 90 (B. and K. place a comma after oportebat; cf.Nauck ad loc.): reliquum est ut eum nemo judicio defenderit: quod contra copiosissime defensum esse contendi,
id. Quint. 28, 87 (many consider contra in all these passages as an adverb; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 121 sq.; some explain quod as an ancient ablative, = qua re;v. Ritschl,
Plaut. Exc. p. 57, Munro ad Lucr. 1, 82).—With an abstract noun, with the force of the adverb contra with ac or atque (I. F. 1.), contrary to, contrary to what, etc. (esp. in Sall., not in Cic.; cf. praeter): celeriter contraque omnium opinionem confecto itinere, contrary to the opinion ( = contra ac rati erant), Caes. B. G. 6, 30:F.contra opinionem Jugurthae ad Thalam perveniunt,
Sall. J. 75, 9; Hirt. B. G. 8, 40.—Contra spem either contrary to the opinion, or against the hope:Metellus contra spem suam laetissume excipitur ( = contra ac ratus, veritus est),
Sall. J. 88, 1; so,cetera contra spem salva invenit,
Liv. 9, 23, 17:contra spem omnium L. Furium optavit,
id. 6, 25, 5; Curt. 8, 4, 45;but: at Jugurtha contra spem nuntio accepto ( = contra ac speraverat),
Sall. J. 28, 1; Liv. 24, 45, 3:postquam... Jugurtha contra timorem animi praemia sceleris adeptum sese videt,
Sall. J. 20, 1:ipse in Numidiam procedit, ubi contra belli faciem tuguria plena hominumque... erant ( = contra ac in bello evenire solet),
id. ib. 46, 5:contra famam,
Plin. 13, 22, 43, § 126; 7, 53, 54, § 180:segniterque et contra industriam absconditae formicae,
slowly, and in a manner different from their usual activity, id. 18, 35, 88, § 364.—Of persons:frigidam potionem esse debere, contra priores auctores, Asclepiades confirmavit,
contrary to the opinion of the former physicians, Cels. 4, 26 (19).Sometimes by anastrophe after its noun.1.In prose, after relatives, esp. in Cic.:2.quos contra disputant,
Cic. Ac. 2, 15, 47:quem contra dicit,
id. Phil. 2, 8, 18 (v. II. B. 1. f.):quem contra veneris,
id. Mur. 4, 9:quas contra, praeter te, etc.,
id. Vatin. 7, 18:eos ipsos quos contra statuas,
id. Or. 10, 34:quos contra me senatus armavit,
id. Att. 10, 8, 8:quam contra multa locutus est,
Sen. Ep. 82, 7, Plin. Ep. 1, 23, 3; Claud. in Rufin. 1, 332; v. also E. 1. c. supra.—After other words ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):hunc igitur contra mittam contendere causam,
Lucr. 4, 471:dicere eos contra,
id. 4, 484:donique eum contra,
id. 5, 708:agmina contra,
Verg. A. 12, 279:magnum Alciden contra,
id. ib. 5, 414:Paridem contra,
id. ib. 5, 370:Italiam contra,
id. ib. 1, 13:deos contra,
Ov. P. 1, 1, 26:Messania moenia contra,
id. M. 14, 17:litora Calabriae contra,
Tac. A. 3, 1. -
15 sub
sub, Praep. m. Abl. u. Acc. ( aus sup, vgl. ὑπό), I) m. Abl.: A) v. Raume, 1) zur Bezeichnung des Verweilens unter einem Gegenstande, unter, a) neben Verben der Ruhe, sub terra habitare, Cic.: sub vestimentis habere, Plaut.: sub pellibus hiemare, Caes.: vitam sub divo agere, Hor. – übtr., sub armis esse, Caes.: sub armis manere, Liv.: sub armis habere legiones, Cic.: legionem sub sarcinis adoriri, Caes.: sub corona, sub hasta vendere, Caes. u. Liv.: saepe est etiam sub palliolo sordido sapientia, Caecil. com. fr.: sub nomine pacis bellum latet, Cic. – b) neben Verben der Bewegung α) unter... hin, hin... unter, sub terra vivi demissi sunt, Liv.: sub hoc iugo dictator Aequos misit, Liv. – β) unter... hervor, qui sub terra erepsisti modo, Plaut.: sub terra lapides eximet, Plaut.: – γ) empor, hinauf, auf, monte sub aërio, Verg.
2) zur Bezeichnung des Verweilens in der unmittelbaren Nähe eines höher ragenden Gegenstandes, unter, unterhalb, unten an, an, vor, sub monte esse, considere, Caes.: sub moenibus esse, Cic.: sub septemtrionibus positum esse, Caes.: est ager sub urbe, Plaut. – übtr., sub manu esse, bei der Hand sein, Cic.: sub iactu teli esse, in Schußweite sein, Liv.: sub oculis domini suam probare operam studebant, Liv.: omnia sub oculis erant, alles lag vor Augen, Caes.: sub sinistra Britanniam relictam conspexit, Caes.
3) zur Bezeichnung des Verweilens in einem umschließenden Gegenstande, unten in, in, silvis inventa sub altis, Ov.: vidimus obscuris primam sub vallibus urbem, Verg.: tuta sub exiguo flumine nostra ratis, Prop.
4) zur Bezeichnung einer unmittelbaren Aufeinanderfolge, unmittelbar hinter, Euryalumque Helymus sequitur; quo deinde sub ipso ecce volat calcemque terit iam calce Diores, Verg. Aen. 5, 322 sq.
B) v. der Zeit, 1) zur Bezeichnung des unmittelbaren Zusammenfallens eines Eieignisses mit der Zeit, innerhalb, während, in, bei, cervi sub ipsa die quam maxime invia petunt, Plin.: primis spectata sub annis, Ov.: consilium sub die nasci debet, Sen.: ne sub ipsa profectione milites oppidum irrumperent, Caes.: sub somno plerique senescunt, Cels. – sub Tiberio Caesare, unter dem K.T. = unter der Regierung des Kaisers Tib., Sen.: u. so sub divo Augusto, Sen. u. Plin.: sub Vespasiano, Plin. ep.: sub Dario rege, Lact.: Herodes, qui fuit sub imperio Tiberii Caesaris, Lact.
2) zur Bezeichnung der ungefähren Annäherung eines Ereignisses an eine Zeit, bei, gegen, faces viator sub luce reliquit, Ov.: sub luce urbem ingressus, Liv.: excesserunt urbe sub adventu Romanorum, Liv.: sub fine morbi, Cels.: sub exitu vitae, Suet.
C) von Zuständen: 1) zur Bezeichnung einer Unterordnung, unter, bei, sub regno alcis, Cic.: cuius sub imperio phalanx erat Macedonum, Nep.: qui tribunus cohortis sub Classico fuerat, Plin. ep.: sub dicione atque imperio alcis esse, Caes.: sub manu alcis esse, Planc. b. Cic.: sub Hannibale magistro omnes belli artes edoctus, Liv.: sub rege, unter der Herrschaft eines Königs, Cic.: u. so sub optimo rege, Sen.: adhuc sub iudice lis est, Hor.
2) zur Bezeichnung näherer Umstände, unter denen etwas geschieht unter, bei, sub frigido sudore mori, Cels.: Bacchi sub nomine risit, Ov.: sub hoc metu villicus erit in officio, Colum.: ut sub specie venationis dolus lateret, Iustin.: nuptias sub belli denuntiatione petit, Iustin.: sub pacto abolitionis, Quint.: sub ea condicione, Suet.: sub lege, Suet.: sub nomine meo duo libri ferebantur, Quint.: vitia nobis sub virtutum nomine obrepunt, Sen.: cuius commenta sub nomine Democriti falso produntur, Colum.: multa vana sub nomine celebri vulgabantur, Tac.: sub honesto patrum aut plebis nomine dominationes affectabant, Sall. fr.: ferebantur sub nominibus consularium fictae in Seianum sententiae, Tac.: sub exceptione, si, Suet.: sub exspectatione successorum rapinis studebant, Colum.: sub poena mortis, servitutis, Suet.
II) mit Acc.: A) v. Raume, 1) zur Bezeichnung der Bewegung unter einen Gegenstand, unter, a) neben Verben der Bewegung, subdere sub solum, Plaut.: exercitum sub iugum mittere, Caes.: sub furcam ire, Hor.: manum sub vestimenta deferre, Plaut.: sub scamna dare pedem, Ov.: sub divum rapere, Hor. – übtr., sub sensum cadere non possunt, Cic.: quae sub sensus subiecta sunt, Cic.: sub iudicium sapientis et delectum cadunt, Cic. – b) neben Verben der Ruhe quidquid sub Noton et Borean hominum sumus, Lucan. 7, 364.
2) zur Bezeichnung der Bewegung in die unmittelbare Nähe eines höher ragenden Gegenstandes, unter, unterhalb, nahe an, an, sub montem succedunt milites, Caes.: sub aciem succedunt, Caes.: hostem mediam ferit ense sub alvum, Ov.: sub orientem secutus Armenios, Flor. – übtr., sub manus succedere, unter die Hände kommen, Plaut.: hoc succedit sub manus negotium, kommt bequem, Plaut.: sub manum summittere, Auct. b. Afr.: venire sub ictum, in Schußweite kommen, Liv.
3) zur Bezeichnung der Ausdehnung an einem höher ragenden Gegenstande hin, an... hin, bei, Iudaei sub ipsos muros struxere aciem, Tac.: arat finem sub utrumque colonus, Hor.: sub ipsum murum fons aquae prorumpebat, Hirt. b.G.
B) von der Zeit, zur Bezeichnung der unmittelbaren Annäherung eines Ereignisses an eine Zeit, a) indem dasselbe vorhergeht = um, gegen, kurz (unmittelbar) vor (s. Fritzsche Hor. sat. 2, 1, 9. M. Müller Liv. 1, 35, 2), sub noctem naves solvit, Caes.: sub vesperum portas claudi iussit, Caes.: u. so sub noctem, Hor.: sub ortum ferme lucis, Liv.: sub idem tempus legati missi, Liv.: sub ipsum certaminis diem, Liv.: sub finem certaminis, Liv.: sub horam pugnae, Suet.: sub tempus (sc. comitiorum), Liv.: sub tempus edendi, Hor.: sub lumina prima, Hor.: sub galli cantum, Hor.: sub adventum, Liv. – b) indem dasselbe nachfolgt = nach, sogleich nach, unmittelbar nach (vgl. Fritzsche Hor. sat. 2, 8, 43. Fabri Liv. 21, 2, 1. Wölffl. Liv. 21, 18, 14), sub eas litteras statim recitatae sunt tuae, Cic.: sub hanc vocem fremitus variantis multitudinis fuit, Liv.: sub haec dicta omnes procubuerunt, Liv.: sub hoc erus... inquit, Hor.
C) von Zuständen, zur Bezeichnung einer Unterordnung = unter, sub potestatem redigere, Nep.: matrimonium vos sub legis superbissimae vincula conicitis, Liv.
/ sub ist in Zusammensetzungen: a) = unter. – b) = etwas, ein wenig (s. Donat. Ter. Andr. 2, 6, 16.) – c) = unter der Hand, heimlich.
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16 sub
sub, Praep. m. Abl. u. Acc. ( aus sup, vgl. ὑπό), I) m. Abl.: A) v. Raume, 1) zur Bezeichnung des Verweilens unter einem Gegenstande, unter, a) neben Verben der Ruhe, sub terra habitare, Cic.: sub vestimentis habere, Plaut.: sub pellibus hiemare, Caes.: vitam sub divo agere, Hor. – übtr., sub armis esse, Caes.: sub armis manere, Liv.: sub armis habere legiones, Cic.: legionem sub sarcinis adoriri, Caes.: sub corona, sub hasta vendere, Caes. u. Liv.: saepe est etiam sub palliolo sordido sapientia, Caecil. com. fr.: sub nomine pacis bellum latet, Cic. – b) neben Verben der Bewegung α) unter... hin, hin... unter, sub terra vivi demissi sunt, Liv.: sub hoc iugo dictator Aequos misit, Liv. – β) unter... hervor, qui sub terra erepsisti modo, Plaut.: sub terra lapides eximet, Plaut.: – γ) empor, hinauf, auf, monte sub aërio, Verg.2) zur Bezeichnung des Verweilens in der unmittelbaren Nähe eines höher ragenden Gegenstandes, unter, unterhalb, unten an, an, vor, sub monte esse, considere, Caes.: sub moenibus esse, Cic.: sub septemtrionibus positum esse, Caes.: est ager sub urbe, Plaut. – übtr., sub manu esse, bei der Hand sein, Cic.: sub iactu teli esse, in Schußweite sein, Liv.: sub oculis domini suam probare operam studebant, Liv.: omnia sub oculis erant, alles lag vor Augen, Caes.: sub sinistra Britanniam relictam conspexit, Caes.————3) zur Bezeichnung des Verweilens in einem umschließenden Gegenstande, unten in, in, silvis inventa sub altis, Ov.: vidimus obscuris primam sub vallibus urbem, Verg.: tuta sub exiguo flumine nostra ratis, Prop.4) zur Bezeichnung einer unmittelbaren Aufeinanderfolge, unmittelbar hinter, Euryalumque Helymus sequitur; quo deinde sub ipso ecce volat calcemque terit iam calce Diores, Verg. Aen. 5, 322 sq.B) v. der Zeit, 1) zur Bezeichnung des unmittelbaren Zusammenfallens eines Eieignisses mit der Zeit, innerhalb, während, in, bei, cervi sub ipsa die quam maxime invia petunt, Plin.: primis spectata sub annis, Ov.: consilium sub die nasci debet, Sen.: ne sub ipsa profectione milites oppidum irrumperent, Caes.: sub somno plerique senescunt, Cels. – sub Tiberio Caesare, unter dem K.T. = unter der Regierung des Kaisers Tib., Sen.: u. so sub divo Augusto, Sen. u. Plin.: sub Vespasiano, Plin. ep.: sub Dario rege, Lact.: Herodes, qui fuit sub imperio Tiberii Caesaris, Lact.2) zur Bezeichnung der ungefähren Annäherung eines Ereignisses an eine Zeit, bei, gegen, faces viator sub luce reliquit, Ov.: sub luce urbem ingressus, Liv.: excesserunt urbe sub adventu Romanorum, Liv.: sub fine morbi, Cels.: sub exitu vitae, Suet.C) von Zuständen: 1) zur Bezeichnung einer Unterordnung, unter, bei, sub regno alcis, Cic.: cuius————sub imperio phalanx erat Macedonum, Nep.: qui tribunus cohortis sub Classico fuerat, Plin. ep.: sub dicione atque imperio alcis esse, Caes.: sub manu alcis esse, Planc. b. Cic.: sub Hannibale magistro omnes belli artes edoctus, Liv.: sub rege, unter der Herrschaft eines Königs, Cic.: u. so sub optimo rege, Sen.: adhuc sub iudice lis est, Hor.2) zur Bezeichnung näherer Umstände, unter denen etwas geschieht unter, bei, sub frigido sudore mori, Cels.: Bacchi sub nomine risit, Ov.: sub hoc metu villicus erit in officio, Colum.: ut sub specie venationis dolus lateret, Iustin.: nuptias sub belli denuntiatione petit, Iustin.: sub pacto abolitionis, Quint.: sub ea condicione, Suet.: sub lege, Suet.: sub nomine meo duo libri ferebantur, Quint.: vitia nobis sub virtutum nomine obrepunt, Sen.: cuius commenta sub nomine Democriti falso produntur, Colum.: multa vana sub nomine celebri vulgabantur, Tac.: sub honesto patrum aut plebis nomine dominationes affectabant, Sall. fr.: ferebantur sub nominibus consularium fictae in Seianum sententiae, Tac.: sub exceptione, si, Suet.: sub exspectatione successorum rapinis studebant, Colum.: sub poena mortis, servitutis, Suet.II) mit Acc.: A) v. Raume, 1) zur Bezeichnung der Bewegung unter einen Gegenstand, unter, a) neben Verben der Bewegung, subdere sub solum, Plaut.: exercitum sub iugum mittere, Caes.: sub furcam ire,————Hor.: manum sub vestimenta deferre, Plaut.: sub scamna dare pedem, Ov.: sub divum rapere, Hor. – übtr., sub sensum cadere non possunt, Cic.: quae sub sensus subiecta sunt, Cic.: sub iudicium sapientis et delectum cadunt, Cic. – b) neben Verben der Ruhe quidquid sub Noton et Borean hominum sumus, Lucan. 7, 364.2) zur Bezeichnung der Bewegung in die unmittelbare Nähe eines höher ragenden Gegenstandes, unter, unterhalb, nahe an, an, sub montem succedunt milites, Caes.: sub aciem succedunt, Caes.: hostem mediam ferit ense sub alvum, Ov.: sub orientem secutus Armenios, Flor. – übtr., sub manus succedere, unter die Hände kommen, Plaut.: hoc succedit sub manus negotium, kommt bequem, Plaut.: sub manum summittere, Auct. b. Afr.: venire sub ictum, in Schußweite kommen, Liv.3) zur Bezeichnung der Ausdehnung an einem höher ragenden Gegenstande hin, an... hin, bei, Iudaei sub ipsos muros struxere aciem, Tac.: arat finem sub utrumque colonus, Hor.: sub ipsum murum fons aquae prorumpebat, Hirt. b.G.B) von der Zeit, zur Bezeichnung der unmittelbaren Annäherung eines Ereignisses an eine Zeit, a) indem dasselbe vorhergeht = um, gegen, kurz (unmittelbar) vor (s. Fritzsche Hor. sat. 2, 1, 9. M. Müller Liv. 1, 35, 2), sub noctem naves solvit, Caes.: sub————vesperum portas claudi iussit, Caes.: u. so sub noctem, Hor.: sub ortum ferme lucis, Liv.: sub idem tempus legati missi, Liv.: sub ipsum certaminis diem, Liv.: sub finem certaminis, Liv.: sub horam pugnae, Suet.: sub tempus (sc. comitiorum), Liv.: sub tempus edendi, Hor.: sub lumina prima, Hor.: sub galli cantum, Hor.: sub adventum, Liv. – b) indem dasselbe nachfolgt = nach, sogleich nach, unmittelbar nach (vgl. Fritzsche Hor. sat. 2, 8, 43. Fabri Liv. 21, 2, 1. Wölffl. Liv. 21, 18, 14), sub eas litteras statim recitatae sunt tuae, Cic.: sub hanc vocem fremitus variantis multitudinis fuit, Liv.: sub haec dicta omnes procubuerunt, Liv.: sub hoc erus... inquit, Hor.C) von Zuständen, zur Bezeichnung einer Unterordnung = unter, sub potestatem redigere, Nep.: matrimonium vos sub legis superbissimae vincula conicitis, Liv.⇒ sub ist in Zusammensetzungen: a) = unter. – b) = etwas, ein wenig (s. Donat. Ter. Andr. 2, 6, 16.) – c) = unter der Hand, heimlich. -
17 comminus
comminus, Adv. (aus com u. manus), handgemein, Mann gegen Mann (mit Verben der Ruhe u. der Bewegung, s. Duker Flor. 2, 6, 29), I) eig., im Kampfe: a) als milit. t. t. = handgemein, im od. zum Handgemenge, in der Nähe, mit dem Schwerte in der Faust (Ggstz. eminus [w. vgl.], missilibus, sagittis u. dgl.), miles urgere eminus comminus, gladiis hastis, punctim caesim ferire, Pacat. pan. 36, 1: u. so c. ense ferire, Ov.: c. acriter instare, Sall.: gladio c. rem gerere, Liv.: c. gladiis uti, Cic.: manum (manus) c. conserere, Liv. u. Fronto: c. pugnare, Caes.: c. experiri, Flor.: c. venire, Flor.: poet., flumina Aemonio c. isse viro, Prop.: u. arma c. habere, kampfbereit, Val. Flacc.: falcati c. enses, für den Kampf in der Nähe, Verg. – b) auf der Jagd: c. ire in apros, Ov.: c. ire (in) sues, Prop.: c. cervos obtruncare ferro, Verg. – c) übh., c. agere, Cic.: c. ad alqm accedere, ihm auf den Leib rücken, Cic.: c. arva insequi, mit dem Karst in der Hand bearbeiten, Verg.: c. instare (bedrängen), v. Unglück, Lucan. – II) übtr., in friedl. Absicht: a) Mann gegen Mann = von Angesicht zu Angesicht, in der Nähe, persönlich, unmittelbar, c. aspicere alqm, Ov.: imbecilli oculi ad sustinendum comminus solem, Sen.: c. attrectare alqd, Apul.: c. alqd iudicare, in der Nähe, durch den Augenschein, Plin.: res c. noscere, Gell.: c. accipere pecuniam, persönlich, ICt.: c. tendens, ganz nahe (zu ihm) hinrudernd, Suet. – b) v. der Zeit = sogleich, unverzüglich, cuncta haec mihi c. dicito, Iul. Val. 3, 31 (19): vade ad eum sed c., Serv. Verg. georg. 1, 104. – / Kompar. comminius, Tert. de carn. Chr. 21.
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18 oculus
oculus, ī, m. (Demin. v. *ocus, vgl. griech. οσσε, οψομαι, οπωπα), das Auge, I) eig.: oculi acres, Cic., acriores, Sen.: acuti, Cic.: aegri, vitiosi, Sen.: aperti, Cic.: aquilini, Apul.: ardentes, Verg. u. Sen.: arguti, Cic.: attenti, Veget. u. Cael. Aur.: attentiores, Val. Max.: atroces, Gell.: avidi, Plin.: boni, Prop.: bubuli, Petron.: cadentes, Sen. rhet.: caeci, Sen.: caerulei, caesii, Cic.: caligantes, Gell.: caprini, Plin.: clari, Cato: clariores, Plin.: clausi, Sidon.: concavi, Suet: conditi, Sen. rhet.: coniventes, Cic.: contenti (gespannte), Suet.: defessi, Verg.: deficientes, Sen.: defixi, Hor.: demissi, Sen. rhet.: oculus dexter, sinister, Plin. ep.: oculi duri, starre, Plaut: eminentes, Cic.: errantes, Cic.: exstantes, Suet.: felinei, Serv. ad Verg.: flentes, Boëth.: fulgentes, Hor.: glauci, Plin.: grandes, Suet.: graves, Cic.: hebetes, hebetiores, Plin. u. Suet. (u. so uterque oculus naturā hebes, Plin.); hiantes, Plaut.: hilares, Sen.: humidi, Plin.: ignei, Solin.: immobiles, Plin., immoti, Ov.: impudentissimi, Cic.: infesti, Cic.: ingentes, Aur. Vict: intenti, Cic.: labentes, Prop.: lacrimantes, Plaut: laeti, Sen.: languidi, Quint.: limi, Plaut. u. Plin.: lippi, Plaut. u. Vitr.: loquaces, Tibull.: lyncei, Boëth.: magni, Varro: oculi igne micantes, Ov.: minaces, Sen.: mites, Val. Max.: morientes, Amm.: nigri, Plaut. u. Varro: operti, Sen.: parvi, Plin.: ravi, Varro: recti, Cic.: reducti introrsus oculi, hohle, Sen. rhet.: rigentes, Plin.: rigidi, Quint.: sicci, Hor. u. Sen.: torvi, Ov.: truces, Cic.: tumentes, Sen.: udi, Ov.: vagi, Veget.: vegeti, Suet.: vigiles, Verg. – acies oculorum, Cic.: album oculi, Cels.: ardor oculorum, Cic.: dolor oculorum, Sen. u. Aur. Vict.: fulmen oculorum tuorum, Aur. Vict.: oculorum hebetatio, Plin.: oculorum ludibrium (Täuschung). Ggstz. vera species, Curt.: lumina oculorum, Nep.: lux oculorum edita, vorstehende Augen, Amm.: oculorum magnitudo et candor, Capit.: locus oculi, die Augenhöhle, Plaut.: oculorum margo, Stat.: oculorum mendacium (Trug), Cic.: oculorum gravis morbus, Nep.: furtivi oculorum nutus (Zwinkern), der Buhldirnen, Hieron.: oculorum orbes (Ränder), Tac.: oculorum poena, die Str., die seine A. hätte treffen sollen, Cic.: oculorum atque aurium sensus (Sing.), Sen.: sensus oculorum atque aurium hebetes, Liv.: oculorum valetudo, Cic.: oculorum vigor integer, Plin. ep.: ulcera oculorum, Marc. Emp. – aeger oculis ex verna intemperie, Liv.: oculis captus, Cic.: captus altero oculo, auf einem A. blind, Suet.: oculorum dolore correptus, Aur. Vict.: corpore toto pulcher, sed magis oculis, Aur. Vict.: oculorum tabe notus, bekannt als einer, dem das Augenlicht vergangen, Tac. – abesse ab oculis et fori et curiae, entrückt sein den A. des F. u. der K., Cic.: abire ex oculis, Liv., ab oculis. Plaut. u. Sen.: adicere oculos, s. ad-iciono. I, 2, a: adicere oculum hereditati, auf die E. ein A. werfen, Cic.: advertere oculos, seine Blicke darauf richten, Plin. pan.: pretia solis oculis (nach dem Augenmaß) aestimantur, Amm.: allevare (aufschlagen) oculos, v. einem Ohnmächtigen, Curt.: amittere (verlieren) oculos, Caes., oculum, Aur. Vict. (bes. im Kampfe): amoliri (entrücken) alqm ab oculis mortalium, Curt.: aperire oculos, s. a-periono. II, a, α: aspernari oculis pulchritudinem rerum, Cic.: non haec aspicere oculis aequis, Verg.: ne rectis quidem oculis aspicere posse instructam aciem, Suet.: attollere oculos, s. at-tollono. I, 1: auferre observantibus etiam oculos, vor sichtlichen Augen betrügen, Liv.: auferri ex oculis, den Blicken entzogen werden, entschwinden (v. leb. Wesen u. Lebl.), Sen. u. Tac.: auferre se ex oculis, Sen. u. Sil.: non oculorum modo usum, sed etiam aurium auferre (v. einem Geschrei), Curt.: avertere oculos, Ov.: alqā re avertere oculos hostium, Liv.: avertere oculos ab alcis facie, Aur. Vict.: avertere ab alqo omnium in se oculos, Liv.: avertere in semet omnium oculos animosque, Curt.: avertere alqd ab oculis et naribus alcis, Cic.: se ex oculis avertere et auferre, Verg.: cadere sub oculos, Cic.: cadere oblectationi oculisque (zur Augenweide), Tac.: oculi mihi caecutiunt, Plaut. u. Varro: caligant oculi, Cels. u.a.: capessere oculis egregium spectaculum, Liv.: capere fructum oculis ex alqa re, die Augen weiden an etw., Nep.: capi altero oculo, auf einem Auge blind wer den, Liv.: captum esse oculis et auribus, Cic., auribus et oculis, Liv.: circumferre oculos, s. circum-fero no. II, b: claudere oculos, Lucan.: comedere oculis pueros molles, Mart.: comprimere oculos, Ov., Sen. u.a.: configere cornicum oculos, s. cōn-figo: conivere altero oculo, Cic.: conicere oculos, s. con-iciono. I, 2, a: contemplari intentis oculis, Cic.: contueri alqm duobus oculis, et non altero, Cic.: credere oculis magis od. amplius quam auribus, Liv. u. Sen.: oculis mihi dedit signum, Plaut.: defigere oculos in etc., s. dē-fīgono. II, a: nusquam ab alqo deflectere oculos, Liv.: deicere (niederschlagen) oculos, Sen.: deicere in terram oculos, Quint. u.a.: deicere nusquam oculos de od. ab etc., s. dē-iciono. II, A: delectare spectaculis oculos, Sen.: delectare imperitorum oculos, Plin. ep.: demittere oculos, s. dē-mittono. I, A, β: detergere oculos (v. Schlaftrunkenen), Petron.: devorare oculis, s. 1. dē-vorono. II, A, 3, a: diducere oculum, Cels.: dirigere oculos, s. dī-rigono. II, A, 1, d (Bd. 1. S. 2184): dissaviari oculos alcis, Q. Cic.: distorquere oculos, Hor.: oculi dolent, Plaut.: oculi dolent nimio fletu, Vopisc., spectando, Auson.: elabi ex oculis (v. einer Schlange), Liv.: effodere alci oculos, Cic.: elidere oculos, Plaut.: erigere oculos (bes. v. Sterbenden), Cic., cadentes iam oculos ad nomen alcis, Sen.: eruere alci oculum, Sen., sibi oculos, Lact.: eruere coturnicum oculos, Quint. – esse in oculis, vor Augen (sichtbar) sein, v. Örtl., Ov. u. Tac., u. vor Augen stehen, schweben (bildl.), Liv. u.a. (s. Fabri Liv. 22, 12, 6. Drak. Liv. 37,28, 1. Mützell Curt. 3, 6 [14], 3. p. 72, a): esse in oculis alcia od. alci, bei jmd. sehr beliebt sein, von jmd. auf den Händen getragen werden, Cic. (vgl. Kühner Cic. Tusc. 2, 63): esse ante oculos, vor Augen (sichtbar) sein, Cic., u. ante oculos esse alci, jmdm. vor Augen stsehen od. schweben (bildl.), Plin. ep.: non libenter esse ante oculos suorum civium, nicht gern unter den Augen seiner Mitbürger weilen, Nep. – ferre alqm in oculis, sehr viel auf jmd. halten, jmdm. von Herzen gut sein, Cic.: u. so ferre alqm oculis, Q. Cic.: figere oculos in terram, Sen.: figere oculos in virgine, Ov.: flectere oculos, Verg.: fugere oculos, nicht zu sehen (zu erkennen) sein, Sen.: aber oculos iuvenum fugere (v. einem Mädchen), Hieron.: nemo civis est, qui vos non oculis fugiat, auribus respuat, Cic.: felium in tenebris fulgent radiantque oculi, Plin.: oculos centum habere, Phaedr.: vellem oculos non habere! o daß ich doch blind wäre! Ps. Quint. decl.: ante oculos habere urbem latam in triumpho suo, Liv.: habere ante oculos immortalitatem (bildl.), Plin. ep.: semper alqm ante oculos habere (bildl.), Sen.: ante oculos habere (bildl.) mit folg. Acc. u. Infin., Plin. ep. 8, 24, 4: semper id in oculis habere (vor A. haben, sich vor A. stellen, bildl.), quod quaeritur, Quint.: habitare in oculis, den Leuten nicht aus den A. gehen (v. Pers.), Cic.: ähnl. haerere in oculis, sich vor unseren Augen hinpflanzen, v. Pers., Cic.: hebetare oculos, Lact., aciem oculorum, Plin.: implevit oculos, die A. gingen ihr (vor Trauer) über, Sen.:: arena magnā vi agitata ora oculosque implere solet, Sall.: implere oculos (seine A. weiden an usw.) insolito spectaculo, Plin. pan.: oculi implentur (füllen sich) lacrimis, Hieron.: incurrere in oculos u. bl. oculis, s. in-currono. II, B, 1: ingerere oculis, s. in-gerono. II, 3: inhaerere oculis u. oculis alcis, vor A. schweben (bildl.), Vell. u. Ov.: inserere oculos, s. 2. īn-sero no. I, A: oculus quoquam intenditur (wird gerichtet), Cels.: intendere oculos alci rei od. in alqd, hinrichten nach etw., Sen. u. Iustin.: omnium oculis mentibusque ad pugnam intentis, Caes.: intentere manus in alcis oculos, Petron.: intueri alqd intentis oculis, Cic. u. Sen.: iurare per oculos suos, Plaut. u. Ov.: laborare oculis, Scrib. Larg.: oculos hoc meos laedit, Sen.: librum ab oculo legit, ohne Anstoß, Petron.: liberate oculos meos (geht mir aus den A.), ingratissimi cives! Curt.: lustravi oculis totam urbem, Petron.: ut oculi aut nihil mentiantur aut non multum mentiantur, Cic.: frons, oculi, vultus persaepe mentiuntur, Cic.: flagrant et micant oculi (des Zornigen), Sen.: insectorum omnium oculi moventur, Plin.: obligare oculos, Sen. u. Curt.: obversari in oculis principum in foro, sich sehen lassen vor den usw., Iustin.: aber obversari ante oculos, vor Augen stehen (schweben), bildl., Cic.: obversari oculis, vor Augen stehen, eig. u. bildl., Liv. u. Sen.: primo aspectu occupare oculos, einnehmen, fesseln, Sen.: occurrere oculis (v. Pers.u. Lebl.), Ov., Curt. u. Colum.: occurrit alqd necopinato oculis, Liv.: offendere vehementius oculos hominum, Cic.: operire (zumachen) oculos, Petron.: operire oculos alci od. oculos alcis (eines Sterbenden), Plin. u. Sen. rhet.: opponere alternos foramini oculos, Hor.: opponere manus oculis suis, Petron., ante oculos, Ov.: opprimere oculos suos, Lact.: opprimere oculos (eines Sterbenden), Val. Max.: parcere oculis suis, seinen Augen ein schreckliches Schauspiel ersparen, Domit. bei Suet.: pascere (weiden) oculos alcis cruciatu atque supplicio, Cic., in alcis corpore lacerando, Cic.: neque oculis neque auribus percipi posse, Cic.: percurrere veloci oculo, mit raschem Blicke überfliegen, Hor.: perdere (verlieren) oculos, Cic. u. Sen., ambos oculos, Iuven.: diu perlustrare oculis, Liv.: ponere ante oculos, sibi ponere ante oculos, Cic.: alci ponere ante oculos, Sen.: ante oculos positus, vor Augen liegend = alltäglich, zB. res, Cic., u. = augenscheinlich, offenbar, zB. pestis, Cic.: in oculis cotidianoque aspectu populi Rom. positum esse (zB. v. einem Tempel), Cic.: praestringere oculos, Cic., aciem oculorum, Plaut.: premere oculos, zudrücken (einem Toten), Verg.: proponere ante ocu los, ante oculos suos, Cic., sibi ante oculos, Cornif. rhet. u. Serv. Sulpic. in Cic. ep.: proponere oculis, Cic.: prosequi alqm oculis (nachsehen) euntem, Sil., abeuntem, Tac.: prosequi alqm contentis oculis, Suet.: recedere ab oculis, dem Blicke entschwinden (v. Sterbenden), Plin. ep.: referre (zurückwenden) oculos ad terram identidem, Liv.: reflectere oculos, Ov.: removere (entrücken) ab oculis, Cic.; restituere oculos, das Gesicht (die Sehkraft) wiedergeben, Suet.: subtrahere (fernhalten) oculos suos, Tac.: retorquere oculos, wegwenden, Ov.: retorquere oculos (zurückschielen) saepe ad hanc urbem, Cic.: medicamenta, quibus sanantur oculi, Sen.: oculis non satiari posse, sich nicht satt sehen können, Sen. rhet.: non sanguine et vulneribus suis alcis mentem oculosque satiare, Cic.: non solum animis, sed etiam oculis servire civium, nicht bloß die Gesinnungen, sondern auch die Blicke der B. zu berücksichtigen haben, Cic.: in oculis situm esse, vor A. liegen (stehen), Sall.: non deest forma, quae sollicitet oculos, Sen.: stare ante oculos, Sen.: subducere alqd oculis mortalium, Curt.: subito oculis subductum esse, Curt.: subicere oculis, Liv., ante oculos, Quint.: subicere rem dicendo oculis, Cic.: urbs subiecta oculis, Liv.: alqm subtrahere oculis civitatis, Liv.: tergere pedibus oculos (v. Tieren), Plin.: tollere oculos, Cic., oculos ad proceres, Lact., oculos in caelum, Lact.: tollere ex oculis, den A. entrücken, Hor.: tollere manum supra oculos, Quint.: torquere (verdrehen) oculum, Cic.: torquere oculos (den Blick wenden) ad moenia, Verg.: tenere (fesseln) oculos artificum, Plin. ep.: adversus alqd rectos oculos tenere, nach etwas mit unverwandtem Blicke hinsehen, Sen.: teneo huic oculum, den hab ich im Auge, Plaut.: subiectos campos terminare oculis haud facile quire, Liv.: transferre oculos animumque ad alqd, Blick und Aufmerksamkeit auf etwas wenden, Cic.: oculi alci tument (sind geschwollen), Cels.: converso bacillo alci tundere oculos vehementissime, Cic.: certe oculis uteris, du hast recht gesehen, Plaut.: venire sub oculos, Sen.: versari ante oculos, vor A. stehen, schweben, Cic.: u. so versari ob oculos, Cic., in oculis animoque, Cic.: oculis meis vidi, Petron.: clare oculis video, Plaut.: rectis oculis gladios micantes videre, Sen.: vitare oculos hominum, Cic.: volitare ante oculos istorum, Cic. – in oculis alcis, vor jmds. Augen, zB. populari agros, Liv.: in oculis omnium geri, vor den Augen der Welt vorgehen, Cic. – ante oculos alcis, vor jmds. Augen, zB. perire, trucidari, Liv. – sub oculis alcis, unter jmds. Augen, zB. sub avi oculis necari, Iustin.: sub oculis omnium pugnatur, Caes.: tanto sub oculis accepto detrimento perterritus exercitus, Caes. – procul ab oculis, fern von den Augen (Blicken), zB. quae in provincia procul ab oculis facta narrabantur, Liv. – als Liebkosungswort, ocule mi! mein Augapfel! Plaut. Curc. 203. – im Doppelsinn par oculorum in amicitia M. Antonii triumviri, Augenpaar u. Freundespaar, Suet. rhet. 5.
II) übtr.: a) v. etwas Vorzüglichem, im Bilde, illos oculos orae maritimae effodere, der Meeresküste jene Augen ausgraben (= die beiden hervorragenden Städte, Korinth u. Karthago, vernichten), Cic. de nat. deor. 3, 91: u. so ex duobus Graeciae oculis (Sparta u. Athen) alterum eruere, Iustin. 5, 8, 4. – b) v. Sonne und Sternen, oculus mundi, Ov.: oculi stellarum, Plin.: sol et luna, duo mundi, ut ita dicam, clarissimi oculi, Hieron. epist. 98, 2. – c) das Auge auf dem Felle der Panther, breves macularum oculi, kleine augenförmige Flecke, Plin. 8, 62: des Pfauenschwanzes, pavonum caudae oculi, Plin. 13, 96. – d) das Auge, die Knospe, Verg., Colum. u.a. – e) die Knollen od. das Dicke an gewissen Wurzeln, des Rohres usw., Cato, Varro u. Plin. – f) eine Pflanze, sonst aizoon maius gen., Plin. 25, 160. – g) als t. t. der Baukunst, oculus volutae, das Schneckenauge, an den ionischen Säulen, eine kleine Kreisfläche, wo der umlaufende Saum der Schnecke anfängt, Vitr. 3, 5, 6.
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19 comminus
comminus, Adv. (aus com u. manus), handgemein, Mann gegen Mann (mit Verben der Ruhe u. der Bewegung, s. Duker Flor. 2, 6, 29), I) eig., im Kampfe: a) als milit. t. t. = handgemein, im od. zum Handgemenge, in der Nähe, mit dem Schwerte in der Faust (Ggstz. eminus [w. vgl.], missilibus, sagittis u. dgl.), miles urgere eminus comminus, gladiis hastis, punctim caesim ferire, Pacat. pan. 36, 1: u. so c. ense ferire, Ov.: c. acriter instare, Sall.: gladio c. rem gerere, Liv.: c. gladiis uti, Cic.: manum (manus) c. conserere, Liv. u. Fronto: c. pugnare, Caes.: c. experiri, Flor.: c. venire, Flor.: poet., flumina Aemonio c. isse viro, Prop.: u. arma c. habere, kampfbereit, Val. Flacc.: falcati c. enses, für den Kampf in der Nähe, Verg. – b) auf der Jagd: c. ire in apros, Ov.: c. ire (in) sues, Prop.: c. cervos obtruncare ferro, Verg. – c) übh., c. agere, Cic.: c. ad alqm accedere, ihm auf den Leib rücken, Cic.: c. arva insequi, mit dem Karst in der Hand bearbeiten, Verg.: c. instare (bedrängen), v. Unglück, Lucan. – II) übtr., in friedl. Absicht: a) Mann gegen Mann = von Angesicht zu Angesicht, in der Nähe, persönlich, unmittelbar, c. aspicere alqm, Ov.: imbecilli oculi ad sustinendum comminus solem, Sen.: c. attrectare alqd, Apul.: c. alqd iudicare, in der Nähe, durch den Augenschein, Plin.: res c. noscere, Gell.: c. accipere pecuniam, persönlich, ICt.:————c. tendens, ganz nahe (zu ihm) hinrudernd, Suet. – b) v. der Zeit = sogleich, unverzüglich, cuncta haec mihi c. dicito, Iul. Val. 3, 31 (19): vade ad eum sed c., Serv. Verg. georg. 1, 104. – ⇒ Kompar. comminius, Tert. de carn. Chr. 21.Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > comminus
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20 oculus
oculus, ī, m. (Demin. v. *ocus, vgl. griech. οσσε, οψομαι, οπωπα), das Auge, I) eig.: oculi acres, Cic., acriores, Sen.: acuti, Cic.: aegri, vitiosi, Sen.: aperti, Cic.: aquilini, Apul.: ardentes, Verg. u. Sen.: arguti, Cic.: attenti, Veget. u. Cael. Aur.: attentiores, Val. Max.: atroces, Gell.: avidi, Plin.: boni, Prop.: bubuli, Petron.: cadentes, Sen. rhet.: caeci, Sen.: caerulei, caesii, Cic.: caligantes, Gell.: caprini, Plin.: clari, Cato: clariores, Plin.: clausi, Sidon.: concavi, Suet: conditi, Sen. rhet.: coniventes, Cic.: contenti (gespannte), Suet.: defessi, Verg.: deficientes, Sen.: defixi, Hor.: demissi, Sen. rhet.: oculus dexter, sinister, Plin. ep.: oculi duri, starre, Plaut: eminentes, Cic.: errantes, Cic.: exstantes, Suet.: felinei, Serv. ad Verg.: flentes, Boëth.: fulgentes, Hor.: glauci, Plin.: grandes, Suet.: graves, Cic.: hebetes, hebetiores, Plin. u. Suet. (u. so uterque oculus naturā hebes, Plin.); hiantes, Plaut.: hilares, Sen.: humidi, Plin.: ignei, Solin.: immobiles, Plin., immoti, Ov.: impudentissimi, Cic.: infesti, Cic.: ingentes, Aur. Vict: intenti, Cic.: labentes, Prop.: lacrimantes, Plaut: laeti, Sen.: languidi, Quint.: limi, Plaut. u. Plin.: lippi, Plaut. u. Vitr.: loquaces, Tibull.: lyncei, Boëth.: magni, Varro: oculi igne micantes, Ov.: minaces, Sen.: mites, Val. Max.: morientes, Amm.: nigri, Plaut. u. Varro: operti, Sen.: parvi, Plin.: ravi, Varro: recti, Cic.: reducti introrsus oculi,————hohle, Sen. rhet.: rigentes, Plin.: rigidi, Quint.: sicci, Hor. u. Sen.: torvi, Ov.: truces, Cic.: tumentes, Sen.: udi, Ov.: vagi, Veget.: vegeti, Suet.: vigiles, Verg. – acies oculorum, Cic.: album oculi, Cels.: ardor oculorum, Cic.: dolor oculorum, Sen. u. Aur. Vict.: fulmen oculorum tuorum, Aur. Vict.: oculorum hebetatio, Plin.: oculorum ludibrium (Täuschung). Ggstz. vera species, Curt.: lumina oculorum, Nep.: lux oculorum edita, vorstehende Augen, Amm.: oculorum magnitudo et candor, Capit.: locus oculi, die Augenhöhle, Plaut.: oculorum margo, Stat.: oculorum mendacium (Trug), Cic.: oculorum gravis morbus, Nep.: furtivi oculorum nutus (Zwinkern), der Buhldirnen, Hieron.: oculorum orbes (Ränder), Tac.: oculorum poena, die Str., die seine A. hätte treffen sollen, Cic.: oculorum atque aurium sensus (Sing.), Sen.: sensus oculorum atque aurium hebetes, Liv.: oculorum valetudo, Cic.: oculorum vigor integer, Plin. ep.: ulcera oculorum, Marc. Emp. – aeger oculis ex verna intemperie, Liv.: oculis captus, Cic.: captus altero oculo, auf einem A. blind, Suet.: oculorum dolore correptus, Aur. Vict.: corpore toto pulcher, sed magis oculis, Aur. Vict.: oculorum tabe notus, bekannt als einer, dem das Augenlicht vergangen, Tac. – abesse ab oculis et fori et curiae, entrückt sein den A. des F. u. der K., Cic.: abire ex oculis, Liv., ab oculis. Plaut. u. Sen.: adicere oculos, s. adicio no. I, 2, a: adicere oculum hereditati,————auf die E. ein A. werfen, Cic.: advertere oculos, seine Blicke darauf richten, Plin. pan.: pretia solis oculis (nach dem Augenmaß) aestimantur, Amm.: allevare (aufschlagen) oculos, v. einem Ohnmächtigen, Curt.: amittere (verlieren) oculos, Caes., oculum, Aur. Vict. (bes. im Kampfe): amoliri (entrücken) alqm ab oculis mortalium, Curt.: aperire oculos, s. aperio no. II, a, α: aspernari oculis pulchritudinem rerum, Cic.: non haec aspicere oculis aequis, Verg.: ne rectis quidem oculis aspicere posse instructam aciem, Suet.: attollere oculos, s. attollo no. I, 1: auferre observantibus etiam oculos, vor sichtlichen Augen betrügen, Liv.: auferri ex oculis, den Blicken entzogen werden, entschwinden (v. leb. Wesen u. Lebl.), Sen. u. Tac.: auferre se ex oculis, Sen. u. Sil.: non oculorum modo usum, sed etiam aurium auferre (v. einem Geschrei), Curt.: avertere oculos, Ov.: alqā re avertere oculos hostium, Liv.: avertere oculos ab alcis facie, Aur. Vict.: avertere ab alqo omnium in se oculos, Liv.: avertere in semet omnium oculos animosque, Curt.: avertere alqd ab oculis et naribus alcis, Cic.: se ex oculis avertere et auferre, Verg.: cadere sub oculos, Cic.: cadere oblectationi oculisque (zur Augenweide), Tac.: oculi mihi caecutiunt, Plaut. u. Varro: caligant oculi, Cels. u.a.: capessere oculis egregium spectaculum, Liv.: capere fructum oculis ex alqa re, die Augen weiden an etw., Nep.: capi altero oculo, auf einem Auge blind wer-————den, Liv.: captum esse oculis et auribus, Cic., auribus et oculis, Liv.: circumferre oculos, s. circumfero no. II, b: claudere oculos, Lucan.: comedere oculis pueros molles, Mart.: comprimere oculos, Ov., Sen. u.a.: configere cornicum oculos, s. configo: conivere altero oculo, Cic.: conicere oculos, s. conicio no. I, 2, a: contemplari intentis oculis, Cic.: contueri alqm duobus oculis, et non altero, Cic.: credere oculis magis od. amplius quam auribus, Liv. u. Sen.: oculis mihi dedit signum, Plaut.: defigere oculos in etc., s. defigo no. II, a: nusquam ab alqo deflectere oculos, Liv.: deicere (niederschlagen) oculos, Sen.: deicere in terram oculos, Quint. u.a.: deicere nusquam oculos de od. ab etc., s. deicio no. II, A: delectare spectaculis oculos, Sen.: delectare imperitorum oculos, Plin. ep.: demittere oculos, s. demitto no. I, A, β: detergere oculos (v. Schlaftrunkenen), Petron.: devorare oculis, s. devoro no. II, A, 3, a: diducere oculum, Cels.: dirigere oculos, s. dirigo no. II, A, 1, d (Bd. 1. S. 2184): dissaviari oculos alcis, Q. Cic.: distorquere oculos, Hor.: oculi dolent, Plaut.: oculi dolent nimio fletu, Vopisc., spectando, Auson.: elabi ex oculis (v. einer Schlange), Liv.: effodere alci oculos, Cic.: elidere oculos, Plaut.: erigere oculos (bes. v. Sterbenden), Cic., cadentes iam oculos ad nomen alcis, Sen.: eruere alci oculum, Sen., sibi oculos, Lact.: eruere coturnicum oculos, Quint. – esse in oculis, vor Augen (sichtbar)————sein, v. Örtl., Ov. u. Tac., u. vor Augen stehen, schweben (bildl.), Liv. u.a. (s. Fabri Liv. 22, 12, 6. Drak. Liv. 37,28, 1. Mützell Curt. 3, 6 [14], 3. p. 72, a): esse in oculis alcia od. alci, bei jmd. sehr beliebt sein, von jmd. auf den Händen getragen werden, Cic. (vgl. Kühner Cic. Tusc. 2, 63): esse ante oculos, vor Augen (sichtbar) sein, Cic., u. ante oculos esse alci, jmdm. vor Augen stsehen od. schweben (bildl.), Plin. ep.: non libenter esse ante oculos suorum civium, nicht gern unter den Augen seiner Mitbürger weilen, Nep. – ferre alqm in oculis, sehr viel auf jmd. halten, jmdm. von Herzen gut sein, Cic.: u. so ferre alqm oculis, Q. Cic.: figere oculos in terram, Sen.: figere oculos in virgine, Ov.: flectere oculos, Verg.: fugere oculos, nicht zu sehen (zu erkennen) sein, Sen.: aber oculos iuvenum fugere (v. einem Mädchen), Hieron.: nemo civis est, qui vos non oculis fugiat, auribus respuat, Cic.: felium in tenebris fulgent radiantque oculi, Plin.: oculos centum habere, Phaedr.: vellem oculos non habere! o daß ich doch blind wäre! Ps. Quint. decl.: ante oculos habere urbem latam in triumpho suo, Liv.: habere ante oculos immortalitatem (bildl.), Plin. ep.: semper alqm ante oculos habere (bildl.), Sen.: ante oculos habere (bildl.) mit folg. Acc. u. Infin., Plin. ep. 8, 24, 4: semper id in oculis habere (vor A. haben, sich vor A. stellen, bildl.), quod quaeritur, Quint.: habitare in————oculis, den Leuten nicht aus den A. gehen (v. Pers.), Cic.: ähnl. haerere in oculis, sich vor unseren Augen hinpflanzen, v. Pers., Cic.: hebetare oculos, Lact., aciem oculorum, Plin.: implevit oculos, die A. gingen ihr (vor Trauer) über, Sen.:: arena magnā vi agitata ora oculosque implere solet, Sall.: implere oculos (seine A. weiden an usw.) insolito spectaculo, Plin. pan.: oculi implentur (füllen sich) lacrimis, Hieron.: incurrere in oculos u. bl. oculis, s. incurro no. II, B, 1: ingerere oculis, s. ingero no. II, 3: inhaerere oculis u. oculis alcis, vor A. schweben (bildl.), Vell. u. Ov.: inserere oculos, s. 2. insero no. I, A: oculus quoquam intenditur (wird gerichtet), Cels.: intendere oculos alci rei od. in alqd, hinrichten nach etw., Sen. u. Iustin.: omnium oculis mentibusque ad pugnam intentis, Caes.: intentere manus in alcis oculos, Petron.: intueri alqd intentis oculis, Cic. u. Sen.: iurare per oculos suos, Plaut. u. Ov.: laborare oculis, Scrib. Larg.: oculos hoc meos laedit, Sen.: librum ab oculo legit, ohne Anstoß, Petron.: liberate oculos meos (geht mir aus den A.), ingratissimi cives! Curt.: lustravi oculis totam urbem, Petron.: ut oculi aut nihil mentiantur aut non multum mentiantur, Cic.: frons, oculi, vultus persaepe mentiuntur, Cic.: flagrant et micant oculi (des Zornigen), Sen.: insectorum omnium oculi moventur, Plin.: obligare oculos, Sen. u. Curt.: obversari in oculis principum in foro, sich sehen lassen vor den usw.,————Iustin.: aber obversari ante oculos, vor Augen stehen (schweben), bildl., Cic.: obversari oculis, vor Augen stehen, eig. u. bildl., Liv. u. Sen.: primo aspectu occupare oculos, einnehmen, fesseln, Sen.: occurrere oculis (v. Pers.u. Lebl.), Ov., Curt. u. Colum.: occurrit alqd necopinato oculis, Liv.: offendere vehementius oculos hominum, Cic.: operire (zumachen) oculos, Petron.: operire oculos alci od. oculos alcis (eines Sterbenden), Plin. u. Sen. rhet.: opponere alternos foramini oculos, Hor.: opponere manus oculis suis, Petron., ante oculos, Ov.: opprimere oculos suos, Lact.: opprimere oculos (eines Sterbenden), Val. Max.: parcere oculis suis, seinen Augen ein schreckliches Schauspiel ersparen, Domit. bei Suet.: pascere (weiden) oculos alcis cruciatu atque supplicio, Cic., in alcis corpore lacerando, Cic.: neque oculis neque auribus percipi posse, Cic.: percurrere veloci oculo, mit raschem Blicke überfliegen, Hor.: perdere (verlieren) oculos, Cic. u. Sen., ambos oculos, Iuven.: diu perlustrare oculis, Liv.: ponere ante oculos, sibi ponere ante oculos, Cic.: alci ponere ante oculos, Sen.: ante oculos positus, vor Augen liegend = alltäglich, zB. res, Cic., u. = augenscheinlich, offenbar, zB. pestis, Cic.: in oculis cotidianoque aspectu populi Rom. positum esse (zB. v. einem Tempel), Cic.: praestringere oculos, Cic., aciem oculorum, Plaut.: premere oculos, zudrücken (einem Toten), Verg.: proponere ante ocu-————los, ante oculos suos, Cic., sibi ante oculos, Cornif. rhet. u. Serv. Sulpic. in Cic. ep.: proponere oculis, Cic.: prosequi alqm oculis (nachsehen) euntem, Sil., abeuntem, Tac.: prosequi alqm contentis oculis, Suet.: recedere ab oculis, dem Blicke entschwinden (v. Sterbenden), Plin. ep.: referre (zurückwenden) oculos ad terram identidem, Liv.: reflectere oculos, Ov.: removere (entrücken) ab oculis, Cic.; restituere oculos, das Gesicht (die Sehkraft) wiedergeben, Suet.: subtrahere (fernhalten) oculos suos, Tac.: retorquere oculos, wegwenden, Ov.: retorquere oculos (zurückschielen) saepe ad hanc urbem, Cic.: medicamenta, quibus sanantur oculi, Sen.: oculis non satiari posse, sich nicht satt sehen können, Sen. rhet.: non sanguine et vulneribus suis alcis mentem oculosque satiare, Cic.: non solum animis, sed etiam oculis servire civium, nicht bloß die Gesinnungen, sondern auch die Blicke der B. zu berücksichtigen haben, Cic.: in oculis situm esse, vor A. liegen (stehen), Sall.: non deest forma, quae sollicitet oculos, Sen.: stare ante oculos, Sen.: subducere alqd oculis mortalium, Curt.: subito oculis subductum esse, Curt.: subicere oculis, Liv., ante oculos, Quint.: subicere rem dicendo oculis, Cic.: urbs subiecta oculis, Liv.: alqm subtrahere oculis civitatis, Liv.: tergere pedibus oculos (v. Tieren), Plin.: tollere oculos, Cic., oculos ad proceres, Lact., oculos in caelum, Lact.: tollere ex oculis, den A. entrücken,————Hor.: tollere manum supra oculos, Quint.: torquere (verdrehen) oculum, Cic.: torquere oculos (den Blick wenden) ad moenia, Verg.: tenere (fesseln) oculos artificum, Plin. ep.: adversus alqd rectos oculos tenere, nach etwas mit unverwandtem Blicke hinsehen, Sen.: teneo huic oculum, den hab ich im Auge, Plaut.: subiectos campos terminare oculis haud facile quire, Liv.: transferre oculos animumque ad alqd, Blick und Aufmerksamkeit auf etwas wenden, Cic.: oculi alci tument (sind geschwollen), Cels.: converso bacillo alci tundere oculos vehementissime, Cic.: certe oculis uteris, du hast recht gesehen, Plaut.: venire sub oculos, Sen.: versari ante oculos, vor A. stehen, schweben, Cic.: u. so versari ob oculos, Cic., in oculis animoque, Cic.: oculis meis vidi, Petron.: clare oculis video, Plaut.: rectis oculis gladios micantes videre, Sen.: vitare oculos hominum, Cic.: volitare ante oculos istorum, Cic. – in oculis alcis, vor jmds. Augen, zB. populari agros, Liv.: in oculis omnium geri, vor den Augen der Welt vorgehen, Cic. – ante oculos alcis, vor jmds. Augen, zB. perire, trucidari, Liv. – sub oculis alcis, unter jmds. Augen, zB. sub avi oculis necari, Iustin.: sub oculis omnium pugnatur, Caes.: tanto sub oculis accepto detrimento perterritus exercitus, Caes. – procul ab oculis, fern von den Augen (Blicken), zB. quae in provincia procul ab oculis facta narrabantur, Liv. – als Liebkosungswort, ocule mi!————mein Augapfel! Plaut. Curc. 203. – im Doppelsinn par oculorum in amicitia M. Antonii triumviri, Augenpaar u. Freundespaar, Suet. rhet. 5.II) übtr.: a) v. etwas Vorzüglichem, im Bilde, illos oculos orae maritimae effodere, der Meeresküste jene Augen ausgraben (= die beiden hervorragenden Städte, Korinth u. Karthago, vernichten), Cic. de nat. deor. 3, 91: u. so ex duobus Graeciae oculis (Sparta u. Athen) alterum eruere, Iustin. 5, 8, 4. – b) v. Sonne und Sternen, oculus mundi, Ov.: oculi stellarum, Plin.: sol et luna, duo mundi, ut ita dicam, clarissimi oculi, Hieron. epist. 98, 2. – c) das Auge auf dem Felle der Panther, breves macularum oculi, kleine augenförmige Flecke, Plin. 8, 62: des Pfauenschwanzes, pavonum caudae oculi, Plin. 13, 96. – d) das Auge, die Knospe, Verg., Colum. u.a. – e) die Knollen od. das Dicke an gewissen Wurzeln, des Rohres usw., Cato, Varro u. Plin. – f) eine Pflanze, sonst aizoon maius gen., Plin. 25, 160. – g) als t. t. der Baukunst, oculus volutae, das Schneckenauge, an den ionischen Säulen, eine kleine Kreisfläche, wo der umlaufende Saum der Schnecke anfängt, Vitr. 3, 5, 6.
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См. также в других словарях:
БРАК — • Matrimonium. I. У греков (γάμος). 1. Цель Б. у греков была иметь законное потомство и удовлетворить таким образом тройной обязанности: относительно богов, которым должны были быть оставлены слуги (Plat. legg. 6, p. 773, Ε),… … Реальный словарь классических древностей
main — Main, f. monosyl. Manus. l Espagnol et l Italien le disent de mesmes, Mano. La main dextre, Dextera, vel Dextra. La main senestre ou gauche, Laeua, Sinistra. Main chargée et pleine de quelque chose, Grauis manus. La main est toute engourdie et… … Thresor de la langue françoyse
OSCULUM — res sacra, utpote quâ quasi Anima, quâ nihil nobis pretiosius, transfunditur. Proin eius usque adeo religiosi fuêre Veteres, Romani inprimis, ut cuiquam temere Osculum dare nefas esset, nec Sponso quidem, nihil semel tantum liceret,… … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
Liste de locutions latines — Cet article contient une liste de locutions latines présentée par ordre alphabétique. Pour des explications morphologiques et linguistiques générales, consulter l article : Expression latine. Sommaire A B … … Wikipédia en Français
PALLIUM — I. PALLIUM Veteribus in genere omne vestimenti genus significavit, quam apertum, tam clausum, ut etiam Toga Pallio rotundum dicatur Isidoro; Abusive pro Palliolo quoque sumi fuisse folitum supra vidimus: Proprie vero ac fimpliciter communique… … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
MAIN — La main, organe de préhension et récepteur sensitif important, est l’apanage des Primates et de l’homme. En vérité, la main humaine possède une signification particulière, car elle se trouve à l’extrémité du membre supérieur qui est libéré des… … Encyclopédie Universelle
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