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  • 1 hold

    I 1. [həuld] past tense, past participle - held; verb
    1) (to have in one's hand(s) or between one's hands: He was holding a knife; Hold that dish with both hands; He held the little boy's hand; He held the mouse by its tail.) tenir
    2) (to have in a part, or between parts, of the body, or between parts of a tool etc: He held the pencil in his teeth; She was holding a pile of books in her arms; Hold the stamp with tweezers.) tenir
    3) (to support or keep from moving, running away, falling etc: What holds that shelf up?; He held the door closed by leaning against it; Hold your hands above your head; Hold his arms so that he can't struggle.) retenir
    4) (to remain in position, fixed etc when under strain: I've tied the two pieces of string together, but I'm not sure the knot will hold; Will the anchor hold in a storm?) tenir
    5) (to keep (a person) in some place or in one's power: The police are holding a man for questioning in connection with the murder; He was held captive.) détenir
    6) (to (be able to) contain: This jug holds two pints; You can't hold water in a handkerchief; This drawer holds all my shirts.) contenir
    7) (to cause to take place: The meeting will be held next week; We'll hold the meeting in the hall.) tenir, avoir lieu
    8) (to keep (oneself), or to be, in a particular state or condition: We'll hold ourselves in readiness in case you send for us; She holds herself very erect.) (se) tenir
    9) (to have or be in (a job etc): He held the position of company secretary for five years.) occuper
    10) (to think strongly; to believe; to consider or regard: I hold that this was the right decision; He holds me (to be) responsible for everyone's mistakes; He is held in great respect; He holds certain very odd beliefs.) tenir, croire
    11) (to continue to be valid or apply: Our offer will hold until next week; These rules hold under all circumstances.) être valable
    12) ((with to) to force (a person) to do something he has promised to do: I intend to hold him to his promises.) obliger (qqn) à tenir ses engagements
    13) (to defend: They held the castle against the enemy.) défendre
    14) (not to be beaten by: The general realized that the soldiers could not hold the enemy for long.) résister
    15) (to keep (a person's attention): If you can't hold your pupils' attention, you can't be a good teacher.) retenir
    16) (to keep someone in a certain state: Don't hold us in suspense, what was the final decision?) avoir lieu
    17) (to celebrate: The festival is held on 24 June.) posséder
    18) (to be the owner of: He holds shares in this company.) (se) maintenir
    19) ((of good weather) to continue: I hope the weather holds until after the school sports.) patienter
    20) ((also hold the line) (of a person who is making a telephone call) to wait: Mr Brown is busy at the moment - will you hold or would you like him to call you back?) tenir
    21) (to continue to sing: Please hold that note for four whole beats.) garder
    22) (to keep (something): They'll hold your luggage at the station until you collect it.) réserver à
    23) ((of the future) to be going to produce: I wonder what the future holds for me?)
    2. noun
    1) (the act of holding: He caught/got/laid/took hold of the rope and pulled; Keep hold of that rope.) prise
    2) (power; influence: He has a strange hold over that girl.) emprise
    3) ((in wrestling etc) a manner of holding one's opponent: The wrestler invented a new hold.) prise
    •
    - - holder
    - hold-all - get hold of - hold back - hold down - hold forth - hold good - hold it - hold off - hold on - hold out - hold one's own - hold one's tongue - hold up - hold-up - hold with II [həuld] noun
    ((in ships) the place, below the deck, where cargo is stored.) cale

    English-French dictionary > hold

  • 2 break

    A n
    1 ( fracture) fracture f ;
    2 ( crack) (in plate, plank, surface) fêlure f ;
    3 ( gap) (in fence, wall) brèche f ; (in row, line) espace m ; (in circuit, chain, sequence) rupture f ; (in conversation, match) pause f ; ( in performance) entracte m ; (in traffic, procession) trou m, espace m ; a break in the clouds une éclaircie ; a break in transmission une interruption dans la retransmission ;
    4 Radio, TV ( also commercial break) page f de publicité ; we're going to take a break now tout de suite, une page de publicité ;
    5 ( pause) gen pause f ; Sch récréation f ; to take a break faire une pause ; I walked/worked for six hours without a break j'ai marché/travaillé pendant six heures sans m'arrêter ; to have a break from work arrêter de travailler ; to take ou have a break from working/driving ne plus travailler/conduire pendant un temps ; to take ou have a break from nursing/teaching arrêter le métier d'infirmière/d'enseignant pendant un temps ; I often give her a break from looking after the kids je m'occupe souvent des enfants pour qu'elle se repose ; give us a break ○ ! fiche-nous la paix ○ ! ;
    6 ( holiday) vacances fpl ; the Christmas break les vacances de Noël ; a weekend break in Milan un week-end à Milan ;
    7 fig ( departure) rupture f (with avec) ; a break with tradition/the past une rupture avec la tradition/le passé ; it's time to make a ou the break ( from family) il est temps de voler de ses propres ailes ; ( from job) il est temps de passer à autre chose ;
    8 ○ ( opportunity) chance f ; her big break came in 1973 1973 a été l'année de sa veine ○ ; he gave me a break il m'a donné ma chance ; a lucky break un coup de veine ○ ; a bad break des déboires mpl ; to give sb an even break donner sa chance à qn ;
    9 ( dawn) at the break of day au lever du jour, à l'aube f ;
    10 ( escape bid) to make a break for it ○ ( from prison) se faire la belle ○ ; to make a break for the door/the trees se précipiter vers la porte/les arbres ;
    11 Print line break fin f d'alinéa ; page break changement m de page ; paragraph break fin f de paragraphe ;
    12 ( in tennis) ( also service break) break m ;
    13 (in snooker, pool) ( first shot) it's your break c'est à toi de casser ; ( series of shots) to make a 50 point break marquer une série de 50 points ;
    14 Mus ( in jazz) break m.
    B vtr ( prét broke ; pp broken)
    1 ( damage) casser [chair, eggs, rope, stick, toy] ; casser, briser [glass, plate, window] ; casser [machine] ; to break a tooth/a nail/a bone se casser une dent/un ongle/un os ; to break one's leg/arm se casser la jambe/le bras ; to break one's back lit se casser la colonne vertébrale ; I nearly broke my back moving the piano fig j'ai failli me briser les reins en déplaçant le piano ; to break one's neck lit avoir une rupture des vertèbres cervicales ; somebody is going to break their neck on those steps fig quelqu'un va se casser la figure sur ces marches ○ ; she broke the bottle over his head elle lui a cassé la bouteille sur la tête ;
    2 (split, rupture) briser [seal] ; couper [sentence, word] ; the skin is not broken il n'y a pas de plaie ; not a ripple broke the surface of the water pas une ride ne troublait la surface de l'eau ; to break surface [diver, submarine] remonter à la surface ; the river broke its banks la rivière a débordé ;
    3 ( interrupt) [person] rompre [silence] ; [shout, siren] déchirer [silence] ; couper [circuit, current] ; rompre [monotony, spell] ; rompre [ties, links] (with avec) ; to break one's silence sortir de son silence (on à propos de) ; to break sb's concentration déconcentrer qn ; we broke our journey in Milan nous avons fait un arrêt à Milan ; the tower breaks the line of the roof/of the horizon la tour rompt la ligne du toit/de l'horizon ; to break step rompre le pas ;
    4 ( disobey) enfreindre [law] ; ne pas respecter [embargo, blockade, conditions, terms] ; violer [treaty] ; désobéir à [commandment, rule] ; briser [strike] ; rompre [vow] ; manquer [appointment] ; he broke his word/promise il a manqué à sa parole/promesse ;
    5 (exceed, surpass) dépasser [speed limit, bounds] ; battre [record, opponent] ; franchir [speed barrier] ; briser [class barrier] ;
    6 ( lessen the impact of) couper [wind] ; [branches] freiner [fall] ; [hay] amortir [fall] ;
    7 fig ( destroy) [troops] briser [rebellion] ; briser [person, resistance, determination, will] ; to break sb's spirit saper le moral de qn ; to break sb's hold over sb débarrasser qn de l'emprise de qn ; discussions which aim to break this deadlock des discussions qui visent à nous sortir de cette impasse ; to break a habit se défaire d'une habitude ;
    8 ( ruin) ruiner [person] ; this contract will make or break the company ( financially) ce contrat fera la fortune ou la ruine de l'entreprise ; this decision will make or break me ( personally) cette décision sera mon salut ou ma perte ;
    9 Equit débourrer [young horse] ;
    10 ( in tennis) to break sb's serve faire le break ;
    11 Mil casser [officer] ;
    12 ( decipher) déchiffrer [cipher, code] ;
    13 ( leave) to break camp lever le camp ;
    14 ( announce) annoncer [news] ; révéler [truth] ; to break the news to sb apprendre la nouvelle à qn ; break it to her gently annonce-lui la nouvelle avec douceur.
    C vi ( prét broke ; pp broken)
    1 ( be damaged) [branch, chair, egg, handle, tooth, string] se casser ; [plate, glass, window] se briser ; [arm, bone, leg] se fracturer ; [bag] se déchirer ; china breaks easily la porcelaine se casse facilement ; the vase broke in two/into a thousand pieces le vase s'est brisé en deux/en mille morceaux ; the sound of breaking glass le bruit de verre brisé ;
    2 ( separate) [clouds] se disperser ; [waves] se briser (against contre ; on, over sur) ;
    3 Sport [boxers] se séparer ; ‘break! ’ ( referee 's command) ‘break!’ ;
    4 ( stop for a rest) faire une pause ;
    5 ( change) [good weather] se gâter ; [drought, heatwave] cesser ; [luck] tourner ;
    6 ( begin) [day] se lever ; [storm] éclater ; [scandal, news story] éclater ;
    7 ( discontinue) to break with sb rompre les relations avec qn ; to break with a party/the church quitter un parti/l'église ; to break with tradition/convention rompre avec la tradition/les conventions ;
    8 ( weaken) their spirit never broke leur moral n'a jamais faibli ; to break under torture/interrogation céder sous la torture/l'interrogation ;
    9 ( change tone) [boy's voice] muer ; her voice breaks on the high notes sa voix s'éraille dans les aigus ; in a voice breaking with emotion d 'une voix brisée par l'émotion ;
    10 (in snooker, pool) casser.
    1 ( become detached) [island, shell] se détacher (from de) ; to break away from [group, person] rompre avec [family, party, organization] ; [state] se séparer de [union] ; [animal] se détacher de [herd] ; [boat] rompre [moorings] ;
    2 ( escape) échapper (from à) ;
    3 Sport [runner, cyclist] se détacher (from de) ;
    ▶ break away [sth], break [sth] away enlever [outer shell, casing].
    1 ( stop functioning) [car, elevator, machine] tomber en panne ; we broke down on the main street nous sommes tombés en panne sur la grand-rue ;
    2 ( collapse) fig [alliance, coalition] éclater ; [negotiations] échouer ; [contact, communication] cesser ; [law and order] se dégrader ; [argument] ne pas tenir debout ; [system] s'effondrer ; [person] s'effondrer, craquer ; he broke down under the strain il a craqué sous la pression ;
    3 ( cry) fondre en larmes ;
    4 ( be classified) [cost findings, statistics] se décomposer (into en) ; the cost of the repair breaks down as follows le prix de la réparation se décompose ainsi ;
    5 ( decompose) [compound] se décomposer (en into) ;
    6 ( confess) ( under interrogation) céder ;
    ▶ break [sth] down, break down [sth]
    1 ( demolish) lit enfoncer [door] ; démolir [fence, wall] ; fig faire tomber [barriers] ; vaincre [opposition, resistance, shyness] ;
    2 ( analyse) ventiler [budget, cost, expenses, statistics] ; décomposer [word] (into en) ; décomposer [data, findings] (into par) ; décomposer [argument] ;
    3 ( cause to decompose) décomposer [compound, gas] (into en) ; [enzyme, catalyst] dissoudre [protein, starch] ; [gastric juices] dissoudre [food].
    ■ break even Fin rentrer dans ses frais.
    ■ break forth littér [sun, water] jaillir (from de).
    ▶ break free [prisoner] s'évader ; to break free of se couper de [family] ; échapper à [captor].
    1 ( enter forcibly) [thief] entrer (par effraction) ; [police] entrer de force ; the burglar broke in through a window le cambrioleur est entré par une fenêtre ;
    2 ( interrupt) interrompre ; ‘I don't want to go,’ he broke in ‘je ne veux pas y aller,’ a-t-il interrompu ; to break in on sb/sth interrompre qn/qch ;
    ▶ break [sth] in débourrer [young horse] ; assouplir [shoe] ; to break in one's glasses s'habituer à ses lunettes ;
    ▶ break [sb] in accoutumer [qn] au travail [recruit, newcomer] ; to break sb in gently donner le temps à qn de s'accoutumer au travail.
    ▶ break into [sth]
    1 ( enter by force) entrer dans [qch] (par effraction) [building] ; forcer la portière de [car] ; forcer [safe, till] ; her car was broken into sa voiture a été cambriolée ;
    2 ( start to use) entamer [new packet, new bottle, banknote, savings] ;
    3 ( encroach on) empiéter sur [leisure time, working day] ; couper [morning, day] ;
    4 ( begin to do) to break into song/cheers se mettre à chanter/acclamer ; to break into peals of laughter éclater de rire ; to break into a run/gallop se mettre à courir/au galop ;
    5 ( make headway) [company] s'implanter sur [market] ; [person] s'introduire dans [job market] ; [person] percer dans [show business].
    ■ break loose [dog, horse] s'échapper (from de).
    ■ break off:
    1 ( snap off) [end, mast, tip] se casser ; [handle, piece] se détacher ;
    2 ( stop speaking) s'interrompre ; she broke off to answer the phone elle s'est interrompue pour répondre au téléphone ;
    3 ( pause) faire une pause, s'arrêter ;
    ▶ break off [sth], break [sth] off
    1 ( snap) casser [branch, piece, segment, mast] ;
    2 ( terminate) rompre [engagement, relationship, contact, negotiations, ties] ; interrompre [conversation] ; they decided to break it off (relationship, engagement) ils ont décidé de rompre ; to break off doing arrêter de faire.
    ■ break out:
    1 ( erupt) [epidemic, fire] se déclarer ; [fight, panic, riot, storm] éclater ; [rash] apparaître ; to break out in a rash ou in spots [person] avoir une éruption de boutons ; [face] se couvrir de boutons ; to break out in a sweat se mettre à transpirer ;
    2 ( escape) [prisoner] s'évader ; to break out of s'échapper de [cage, prison] ; sortir de [routine, vicious circle] ; se libérer de [chains, straitjacket].
    ▶ break through [army] faire une percée ;
    ▶ break through [sth] percer [defences, reserve] ; franchir [barrier, cordon] ; se frayer un passage à travers [crowd] ; traverser [mur] ; [sun] percer [clouds].
    ■ break up:
    1 ( disintegrate) lit [wreck] se désagréger ; fig [empire] s'effondrer ; [alliance] éclater ; [group, family, couple] se séparer ; their marriage/relationship is breaking up leur mariage/relation va mal ;
    2 ( disperse) [crowd] se disperser ; [cloud, slick] se disperser ; [meeting] se terminer ;
    3 GB Sch schools break up on Friday les cours finissent vendredi ; we break up for Christmas on Tuesday pour Noël, nous finissons mardi ;
    ▶ break [sth] up, break up [sth] ( split up) disperser [demonstrators] ; démanteler [spy ring, drugs ring] ; séparer [team, couple] ; désunir [family] ; briser [alliance, marriage] ; démembrer [empire] ; diviser [sentence, word] (into en) ; morceler [land] ; [diagrams] aérer [text] ; mettre fin à [party, fight, demonstration] ; break it up! ( stop fighting) ça suffit maintenant!

    Big English-French dictionary > break

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