-
1 esera
esera Grammatical information: f. ā Proto-Slavic meaning: `fishbone, awn'Page in Trubačev: VI 29-30Polish:fishbone, fish scales' [Nompf ā]Slovincian:jìe̯zo_ră `fishbone' [f ā]Polabian:jeseråi `awn, beard (on ears of grain)' [f ā]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: eś-er-aʔLithuanian:ešerỹs `perch (perca fluvialis), fin' [f ā] 3b;ašerỹs (dial.) `perch (perca fluvialis), fin' [f ā] 3bLatvian:Indo-European reconstruction: h₂eḱ-er-Certainty: +Page in Pokorny: 18Comments: It seems obvious that this Balto-Slavic etymon is cognate with Germanic *ah-s-/*ah-iz- `ear', cf. Go. ahs n., OIc. ax n., OHG ahir, ehir n., and with such forms as OHG ahil `Ährenspitze', MoE (arch.) ail `beard on wheat and barley' (Kluge s.v. Ähre). A nice parallel for the meaning `perch' is OIc. ǫgr `bass' < *agura- < h₂eḱ-. Since the root is probably *h₂eḱ- `sharp', the forms with *e- must be considered instances of Rozwadowski's change. Note that we find a- in the Latvian forms but also in Lith. ašakà `fishbone' and aš(t)rùs `sharp'.Notes:It seems obvious that this Balto-Slavic etymon is cognate with Germanic *ah-s-/*ah-iz- `ear', cf. Go. ahs n., OIc. ax n., OHG ahir, ehir n., and with such forms as OHG ahil `Ährenspitze', MoE (arch.) ail `beard on wheat and barley' (Kluge s.v. Ähre). A nice parallel for the meaning `perch' is OIc. ǫgr `bass' < *agura- < h₂eḱ-. Since the root is probably *h₂eḱ- `sharp', the forms with *e- must be considered instances of Rozwadowski's change. Note that we find a- in the Latvian forms but also in Lith. ašakà `fishbone' and aš(t)rùs `sharp'. -
2 bȏrvъ
bȏrvъ Grammatical information: m. o Accent paradigm: cPage in Trubačev: II 214-215Church Slavic:Russian:bórov `hog, castrated boar, (dial.) boar, castrated bull' [m o]Old Russian:Czech:Slovak:Polish:Serbo-Croatian:brȃv `sheep (pl.), (dial.) hog, castrated boar' [m o];Čak. brå̑v (Vrgada) `ram' [m o]Slovene:brȃv `sheep (pl.), pig, animal' [m o];brȃv `sheep (pl.)' [f i]Bulgarian:Indo-European reconstruction: bʰor-u-o-Comments: It is unclear whether this root may be identified with the root *bʰrH- of *borti and *bъrtь, as is advocated by Pokorny (133-135).Other cognates:OIc. bǫrgr `hog, castrated boar';Notes:\{1\} The Germanic cognates point to *bʰor-u-ko-. -
3 bolzìna
bolzìna Grammatical information: f. āPage in Trubačev: II 183-184Serbo-Croatian:blàzina `pillow, bolster' [f ā]Slovene:blazína `roof-beam, cross-beam, pillow, mattress, bolster' [f ā]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: bolźeiʔnaʔ; bolźeiʔnosLithuanian:balžíenas `cross-beam (harrow,waggon, sledge)' [m o] 1/3;balžíena `cross-beam (harrow,waggon, sledge)' [f ā] 1/3Latvian:bàlziêns `cross-beam (sledge, plough)' [m o]Old Prussian:balsinis `cushion';pobalso `bolster'Indo-European reconstruction: bʰolǵʰ-Comments: It seems plausible that we are dealing with two, formally indistinguishable roots (cf. IEW: 122-123, 125-126). The meaning `pillow, bolster' belongs to the same root that underlies Lith. bal̃nas, OHG balg etc. Stang (1972, 14) attempts to separate `beam' from `pillow, bellows' on formal grounds (*ǵ vs. ǵʰ, respectively), but this does not seem to work, as the Balto-Slavic forms that would *ǵ do not show the effects of Winter's law. It is more likely that the Germanic forms with *k contain * k(k) < *ǵʰ-n- (Kluge's law).Other cognates: -
4 bьčelà
bьčelà Grammatical information: f. ā Accent paradigm: b Proto-Slavic meaning: `bee'Page in Trubačev: III 104-105Old Church Slavic:Russian:pčeĺa `bee' [f ā];bčelá (dial.) `bee' [f ā];bželá (dial.) `bee' [f ā]Ukrainian:bdžolá `bee' [f ā];pčolá `bee' [f ā]Czech:Slovak:Polish:Upper Sorbian:Lower Sorbian:Polabian:celă `bee' [f ā]Serbo-Croatian:pčèla `bee' [f ā];čèla `bee' [f ā];Čak. čȅla (Vrgada) `bee' [f ā];Čak. čelȁ (Novi) `bee' [f ā];Čak. čȅlica (Orbanići) `bee' [f jā]Slovene:bǝčę̑la `bee' [f ā];bčę̑la `bee' [f ā];čǝbę̑la `bee' [f ā];čǝbę̑la `bee' [f ā];čę̑la `bee' [f ā];čmę̑la `bee' [f ā]Bulgarian:pčelá `bee' [f ā]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: bi-t-; bi-kel-eh₂Lithuanian:bìtė `bee' [f ē] 2Latvian:Old Prussian:Indo-European reconstruction: bʰi-IE meaning: beePage in Pokorny: 116Comments: The North European root bʰi occurs with various suffixes. The *-k- of the Slavic forms is also found in OIr. bech < *bi-ko-. The main alternative etymology departs from PSl. *bъčela and advocates a connection with bučati `make a loud noise, roar'. This is the eymology preferred by Sɫawski (SP I: 456-457).Other cognates:OIc. bý `bee' [n];OE béo `bee' [f];Notes: -
5 čȇrpъ
čȇrpъ Grammatical information: m. o Accent paradigm: cPage in Trubačev: IV 72Church Slavic:črěpъ (Parim) `potsherd' [m o]Russian:čérep `skull' [m o], čérepa [Gens]Belorussian:čérap `skull' [m o], čérapa [Gens]Ukrainian:čérep `skull' [m o], čérepa [Gens]Czech:(s)třep `broken piece of pottery, fragment' [m o];Slovak:Polish:Serbo-Croatian:crȉjep `broken piece of pottery, tile' [m o]Slovene:črẹ̑p `shard, broken piece of pottery, jug, skull' [m o]Bulgarian:čérep `skull' [m o]Indo-European reconstruction: (s)kerp-o-Page in Pokorny: 944Other cognates:Notes:\{1\} Ousted by czerep, which is of East Slavic origin. -
6 dernъ
dérnъ Grammatical information: m. o Accent paradigm: b Proto-Slavic meaning: `cornel, dogwood'Page in Trubačev: IV 208-209Russian:derën (dial.) `cornel' [m o]Ukrainian:derén (dial.) `cornel' [m o], derenú [Gens]Czech:dřín `cornel' [m o]Old Czech:dřien `cornel' [m o]Slovak:drieň `cornel' [m jo]Polish:drzón (dial.) `cornel' [m o]Old Polish:Slovincian:dřȯ́u̯n `blackthorn' [m o], dřȯ́u̯nu̇ [Gens]Upper Sorbian:drěn `dogwood' [m o]Serbo-Croatian:drȉjen `cornel, dogwood' [m o], drijèna [Gens];Čak. drẽn (Novi) `cornel' [m o], drēnȁ [Gens];Čak. driẽn (Orbanići) `dogwood, cornel' [m o], drȅna [Gens]Slovene:drẹ̀n `cornel' [m o], drẹ́na [Gens]Bulgarian:Indo-European reconstruction: dʰergʰ-no-Comments: AP (b) points to an original neuter.Other cognates: -
7 dolъ
dolъ Grammatical information: m. u Accent paradigm: c Proto-Slavic meaning: `dale, valley'Page in Trubačev: V 64-65Old Church Slavic:dolě (Supr.) `below' [adv]Russian:Ukrainian:Czech:Old Czech:Polish:Serbo-Croatian:dȏ `valley, dale' [m o], dȍla [Gens];Čak. duȏl `(small) valley, field in a (small) valley' [m o]Slovene:dọ̑ɫ `valley' [m o]Bulgarian:Indo-European reconstruction: dʰol-u-Other cognates: -
8 ežь
ežь Grammatical information: m. jo Proto-Slavic meaning: `hedgehog'Page in Trubačev: VI 36Russian:ëž `hedgehog' [m jo], ežá [Gens];ož (dial.) `hedgehog' [m jo]Old Russian:Ukrainian:ož (dial.) `hedgehog' [m jo]Czech:Slovak:Polish:jeż `hedgehog' [m jo]Upper Sorbian:jěž `hedgehog' [m jo]Serbo-Croatian:jȇž `hedgehog' [m jo], jéža [Gens];jȇž `hedgehog' [m jo] jȇža [Gens];Čak. jȇž (Vrgada) `sea-urchin, kind of plant' [m jo], jȇža [Gens];Čak. iȇš (Orbanići) `hedgehog, sea-urchin', iȇža [Gens]Slovene:Bulgarian:ež `hedgehog' [m jo]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: eźiosLithuanian:ežỹs `hedgehog' [m io] 4 \{1\}Latvian:Indo-European reconstruction: h₁eǵʰ-io-IE meaning: hedgehogPage in Pokorny: 292Comments: In Greek, where ἐχῖνος `hedgehog, sea-urchin' looks like a derivative of ἔχις `viper', there seems to be a connection between `hedgehog' and `snake'. In Balto-Slavic, the words for `hedgehog' and `snake' do not match formally (-> ǫ́žь).Other cognates:Notes:\{1\} Variants are ẽžis 2, ėžỹs 4. -
9 kovati
kovati Grammatical information: v. Accent paradigm: c Proto-Slavic meaning: `forge'Page in Trubačev: XII 10-12Old Church Slavic:Russian:kovát' `forge, hammer' [verb], kujú [1sg], kujët [3sg]Czech:Old Czech:Slovak:Polish:kuć `forge' [verb];kować (dial.) `forge' [verb]Serbo-Croatian:kòvati `forge, shoe' [verb], kȕjēm [1sg];Čak. kovȁti (Vrgada) `forge, shoe' [verb], kȕješ [2sg];Čak. kovãti (Orbanići) `forge, shoe' [verb], kūjȅn [1sg]Slovene:kováti `forge, hammer' [verb], kújem [1sg]Bulgarian:ková `forge, hammer' [verb]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: kouʔteiLithuanian:káuti `murder, beat, hew' [verb]Latvian:Indo-European reconstruction: kouH₂-Other cognates:Notes:\{1\} The variant kovǫ is secondary. -
10 kyjь
kyjь Grammatical information: m. jo Proto-Slavic meaning: `stick, club'Page in Trubačev: XIII 257-258Church Slavic:Russian:Czech:Slovak:Polish:Serbo-Croatian:Slovene:kȋj `big wooden beetle, corn-cob' [m jo]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: kuʔiosLithuanian:kū́jis `hammer' [m io]Old Prussian:cugis `hammer'Indo-European reconstruction: kuH₂-io-Other cognates: -
11 kъznь
kъznь Grammatical information: f. iPage in Trubačev: XIII 249Old Church Slavic:Church Slavic:Russian:kózni `machinations, intrigues' [Nompf i]Old Russian:Indo-European reconstruction: The vocalism of this etymon is unexpected.Other cognates: -
12 lъžь
I. lъžь I Grammatical information: f. i Proto-Slavic meaning: `lie'Page in Trubačev: XVII 5Russian:Old Russian:Czech:Old Czech:Slovak:Polish:ɫeż (arch., dial.) `lie' [f i]Old Polish:ɫeż `lie' [f i]Slovincian:Serbo-Croatian:lȃž `lie' [f i];Čak. lå̑ž (Vrgada) `lie' [f i];Čak. lȃš (Orbanići) `lie' [f ??]Slovene:lȃž `lie' [f i], lǝžȋ [Gens], lažȋ [Gens];lǝ̀ž `lie' [f i], lǝžȋ [Gens]Indo-European reconstruction: lugʰ-i-Other cognates:II. lъžь II Grammatical information: adj. jo Proto-Slavic meaning: `false'Page in Trubačev: XVII 6-7Old Church Slavic:Ukrainian:Indo-European reconstruction: lugʰ-i-o-Other cognates: -
13 majati
majati; mavati Grammatical information: v. Proto-Slavic meaning: `wave, beckon'Page in Trubačev: XVII 133-135, XVIII 21-22Old Church Slavic:namaiaaxǫ (Supr.) `beckoned' [3pl ipf]Church Slavic:Russian:májat' `exhaust, harass' [verb];Old Russian:Czech:mávati `wave' [verb]Slovak:mávat' `wave' [verb]Lower Sorbian:mawaś `wave, rock' [verb]Serbo-Croatian:mȁjati `beckon, keep, detain' [verb]Slovene:májati `move about, shake' [verb], májam [1sg], májem [1sg]Bulgarian:mája `dawdle, detain' [verb]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: maH-Lithuanian:móti `beckon' [verb]Latvian:mãt `beckon' [verb]Indo-European reconstruction: meh₂-IE meaning: beckonPage in Pokorny: 693Comments: It is clear that *majati and *mavati continue one and the same verb, j and v being "Hiatustilger". While majati `to beckon' cannot be separated from Lith. móti, Latv. mãt `id.', majati `to detain, to tire, to exhaust' has been linked to Germanic forms like OHG muoan and Go. afmauiʮs (cf. Stang 1972: 35). The respective roots in Pokorny are mā- (693) and mō- (746). If we assume that *majati indeed continues *meh₂- as well as *meh₃- (LIV: 382), we have to settle for semantic arguments. Since it is also possible to argue on semantic grounds that *majati ultimately continues *meh₂- `to beckon' only (Trubačëv XVII 134), it is to a certain extent a matter of choice which solution one prefers.Other cognates: -
14 mavati
majati; mavati Grammatical information: v. Proto-Slavic meaning: `wave, beckon'Page in Trubačev: XVII 133-135, XVIII 21-22Old Church Slavic:namaiaaxǫ (Supr.) `beckoned' [3pl ipf]Church Slavic:Russian:májat' `exhaust, harass' [verb];Old Russian:Czech:mávati `wave' [verb]Slovak:mávat' `wave' [verb]Lower Sorbian:mawaś `wave, rock' [verb]Serbo-Croatian:mȁjati `beckon, keep, detain' [verb]Slovene:májati `move about, shake' [verb], májam [1sg], májem [1sg]Bulgarian:mája `dawdle, detain' [verb]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: maH-Lithuanian:móti `beckon' [verb]Latvian:mãt `beckon' [verb]Indo-European reconstruction: meh₂-IE meaning: beckonPage in Pokorny: 693Comments: It is clear that *majati and *mavati continue one and the same verb, j and v being "Hiatustilger". While majati `to beckon' cannot be separated from Lith. móti, Latv. mãt `id.', majati `to detain, to tire, to exhaust' has been linked to Germanic forms like OHG muoan and Go. afmauiʮs (cf. Stang 1972: 35). The respective roots in Pokorny are mā- (693) and mō- (746). If we assume that *majati indeed continues *meh₂- as well as *meh₃- (LIV: 382), we have to settle for semantic arguments. Since it is also possible to argue on semantic grounds that *majati ultimately continues *meh₂- `to beckon' only (Trubačëv XVII 134), it is to a certain extent a matter of choice which solution one prefers.Other cognates: -
15 màkъ
màkъ Grammatical information: m. o Accent paradigm: a Proto-Slavic meaning: `poppy'Page in Trubačev: XVII 149-151Church Slavic:Russian:Czech:mák `poppy' [m o]Slovak:Polish:Serbo-Croatian:mȁk `poppy' [m o], mȁka [Gens], màka [Gens];Čak. mȁk (Vrgada) `poppy' [m o], makȁ [Gens]Slovene:màk `poppy' [m o], máka [Gens]Bulgarian:Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: ?Lithuanian:aguonà `poppy' [f ā] 2;mãguonė (dial.) `poppy' [f ē] 1 \{1\}Latvian:Old Prussian:IE meaning: poppyCertainty: -Page in Pokorny: 698Comments: The Germanic forms show grammatischer Wechsel as well as an alternation *ā: a. The vocalism, which could reflect PIE *eh₁: h₁, does not match the ā of the Greek and the Slavic forms, which leads us to assume that the vowel alternation arose when at a comparatively late stage the root māk- was borrowed into Germanic (cf. Kluge 1989, 484). The Lithuanian and Latvian forms are usually considered borrowings from Germanic, whereas OPr. moke may have been borrowed from Polish. The Estonian and Livonian forms must be borrowings from Baltic, probably Latvian. It is generally agreed upon that ultimately we are dealing with a word of non-Indo-European (Mediterranean?) origin.Other cognates:Dor. μά̑κων `poppy' [f];Notes:\{1\} Besides, we find the variants maguona and magūna. The forms with m are restricted to the area around Klaipėda. \{2\} I have found the variants magùona2, magana, magane and magūne. \{3\} The initial m of the word for `poppy' was apparently lost in Lithuanian but not in Latvian. The Lithuanian dialect forms with m- may be due to the influence of the (Latvian) language of the fishermen of the Couronian Isthmus (cf. Būga RR III: 320). Sabaliauskas suggests dissimilatory loss of m, parallel to the loss of r in arotai: rarotai, akrūtas: rakrūtas, Latv. ruodere: uodere, ūk̨eris (1960, 71-72). \{4\} The first element means `sleep', cf. Nw. dial. vale `deep sleep', Sw. dial. valbjörn `Schlafdorn'. -
16 rebrò
rebrò Grammatical information: n. o Accent paradigm: b Proto-Slavic meaning: `rib'Old Church Slavic:Russian:rebró `rib' [n o], rëbra [Nom p]Czech:Old Czech:řebro `rib' [n o]Slovak:Polish:żebro `rib' [n o]Serbo-Croatian:rèbro `rib' [n o], rȅbra [Nom p];Čak. lebrȍ (Vrgada) `rib' [n o], lȅbrå̑ [Nom p];Čak. rebro ̏ (Hvar) `rib' [n o], rebrȁ [Nom p];Čak. rebrȍ (Orbanići) `rib' [n o], riẽbra [Nom p]Slovene:rébrọ `rib, slope' [n o] \{1\}Bulgarian:rebró `rib, slope' [n o]Indo-European reconstruction: (H)rebʰ-rómOther cognates:Notes:\{1\} Cf. rę́bǝr f., rę̑bǝr f. `slope'. -
17 sьcati
sьcati Grammatical information: v. Proto-Slavic meaning: `piss'Church Slavic:Russian:Ukrainian:Czech:scáti `piss' [verb], štím [1sg];chcáti (dial.) `piss' [verb]Polish:szczać `piss' [verb], szczę [1sg]Slovene:scáti `piss' [verb], sčím [1sg], sčíjem [1sg]Indo-European reconstruction: sikʷ-Other cognates:Skt. siñcáti `pour out' [verb]; -
18 tesla
tesla; teslò Grammatical information: f. ā; n. o Proto-Slavic meaning: `adze'Church Slavic:Russian:teslá `adze' [f ā];tesló `adze' [n o]Ukrainian:tesló `adze' [n o]Czech:Polish:Serbo-Croatian:tȅsla `adze' [f ā];Čak. (Vrgada) tȅsla `adze' [f ā]Slovene:tésla `adze' [f ā];téslọ `adze' [n o]Bulgarian:teslá `adze' [f ā]Lithuanian:tašýti `hew' [verb]Indo-European reconstruction: tetḱ-dʰl-Other cognates: -
19 teslò
tesla; teslò Grammatical information: f. ā; n. o Proto-Slavic meaning: `adze'Church Slavic:Russian:teslá `adze' [f ā];tesló `adze' [n o]Ukrainian:tesló `adze' [n o]Czech:Polish:Serbo-Croatian:tȅsla `adze' [f ā];Čak. (Vrgada) tȅsla `adze' [f ā]Slovene:tésla `adze' [f ā];téslọ `adze' [n o]Bulgarian:teslá `adze' [f ā]Lithuanian:tašýti `hew' [verb]Indo-European reconstruction: tetḱ-dʰl-Other cognates: -
20 vъ̑šь
vъ̑šь Grammatical information: f. i Accent paradigm: c Proto-Slavic meaning: `louse'Russian:Old Russian:Czech:Slovak:Polish:Upper Sorbian:Serbo-Croatian:vȃš `louse' [f i], vȁši [Gens];ȗš `louse' [f i], ȕši [Gens]Slovene:ùš `louse' [f i], ušȋ [Gens];ȗš `louse' [f i]Lithuanian:utėlė̃ `louse' [f ē] 3b;utìs (Žem.) `louse' [f i] 4Latvian:Comments: It is unclear if and how Slavic * vъšь and Baltic * ut- are related. The forms may have been distorted for reasons of taboo. It cannot be excluded that OHG lūs f. `louse' also belongs here.Other cognates:
См. также в других словарях:
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