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1 Maiman, Theodore Harold
[br]b. 11 July 1927 Los Angeles, California, USA[br]American physicist who developed the laser.[br]The son of an electrical engineer, Theodore H. Maiman graduated with the degree of BS in engineering physics from the University of Colorado in 1949. He then went on to do postgraduate work at Stanford University, where he gained an MS in electrical engineering in 1951 and a PhD in physics in 1955 for work on spectroscopy using microwave-optical techniques. He then joined the Hughes Research Laboratories, where he worked on the stimulated emission of microwave energy. In this field Charles H. Townes had developed the maser (an acronym of microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation) and in a paper in 1958 with Arthur L. Schawlow he had suggested the possibility of a further development into optical frequencies, or, of an optical maser, later known as a laser (an acronym of light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation). Maiman was the first to achieve this when in May 1960 he operated a ruby laser and coherent light was produced for the first time. In 1962 he founded his own company, Korad Corporation, for research, development and manufacture of high-power lasers. He founded Maiman Associates in 1968, acting as consultant on lasers and optics. He was a co-founder of the Laser Video Corporation in 1972, and in 1976 he became Vice-President for advanced technology at TRW Electronics.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFranklin Institute Stuart Ballantine Medal 1962. American Electrical Society/American Astronautical Society Award 1965. American Physical Society Oliver E.Buckley Solid State Physics Prize 1966. Fannie and John Hertz Foundation Award for Applied Physical Science 1966. American Optical Society R.W.Wood Prize 1976.Bibliography1980, entry in McGraw-Hill Modern Scientists and Engineers, Part 2, New York, pp. 271–2 (autobiographical).RTSBiographical history of technology > Maiman, Theodore Harold
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2 hūda maiman
n.trade -
3 рубиновый лазер
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4 рубиновый лазер
1) Medicine: ruby laser3) Engineering: Maiman laser, ruby crystal laser4) Astronautics: ruby optical maser5) Laser medicine: microsecond-pulsed ruby laser -
5 Electronics and information technology
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]Byron, Ada AugustaNapier, JohnRiche, Gaspard-Clair-François-MarieSchickhard, WilhelmBiographical history of technology > Electronics and information technology
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6 Photography, film and optics
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]Ding HuanGabor, DennisKlic, KarolLippershey, HansMarton, LadislausTournachon, Gaspard FélixBiographical history of technology > Photography, film and optics
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7 Schawlow, Arthur Leonard
[br]b. 5 May 1921 Mount Vernon, New York, USA[br]American physicist involved in laser-spectroscopy research.[br]When Arthur L.Schawlow was 3 years old his family moved to Canada: it was in Toronto that he received his education, graduating from the University of Toronto with a BA in physics in 1941. He was awarded an MA in 1942, taught classes for military personnel at the University until 1944 and worked for a year on radar equipment. He returned to the University of Toronto in 1945 to carry out research on optical spectroscopy and received his PhD in 1949. From 1949 to 1951 he held a postgraduate fellowship at Columbia University, where he worked with Charles H. Townes on microwave spectroscopy. From 1951 to 1961 he was a research physicist at the Bell Telephone Laboratories, working mainly on superconductivity, but he maintained his association with Townes, who had pioneered the maser (an acronym of microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation). In a paper published in Physical Review in December 1958, Townes and Schawlow suggested the possibility of a development into optical frequencies or an optical maser, later known as a laser (an acronym of light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation). In 1960 the first such device was made by Theodore H. Maiman. In 1960 Schawlow returned to Columbia University as a visiting professor and in the following year was appointed Professor of Physics at Stanford University, where he continued his researches in laser spectroscopy. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Physical Society, the Optical Society of America and the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsNobel Prize for Physics 1981. Franklin Institute Stuart Ballantine Medal 1962. Institute of Physics of London Thomas Young Medal and Prize 1963. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Morris N.Liebmann Memorial Prize 1964. Optical Society of America Frederick Ives Medal 1976. Honorary degrees from the State University of Ghent, the University of Bradford and the University of Toronto.BibliographySchawlow is the author of many scientific papers and, with Charles H.Townes, ofMicrowave Spectroscopy (1955).Further ReadingT.Wasson (ed.), 1987, Nobel Prize Winners, New York, pp. 930–3 (contains a short biography).RTSBiographical history of technology > Schawlow, Arthur Leonard
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8 Townes, Charles Hard
SUBJECT AREA: Electronics and information technology[br]b. 28 July 1915 Greenville, South Carolina, USA[br]American physicist who developed the maser and contributed to the development of the laser.[br]Charles H.Townes entered Furman University, Greenville, at the early age of 16 and in 1935 obtained a BA in modern languages and a BS in physics. After a year of postgraduate study at Duke University, he received a master's degree in physics in 1936. He then went on to the California Institute of Technology, where he obtained a PhD in 1939. From 1939 to 1947 he worked at the Bell Telephone Laboratories, mainly on airborne radar, although he also did some work on radio astronomy. In 1948 he joined Columbia University as Associate Professor of Physics and in 1950 was appointed a full professor. He was Director of the University's Radiation Laboratory from 1950 to 1952, and from 1952 to 1955 he was Chairman of the Physics Department.To meet the need for an oscillator generating very short wavelength electromagnetic radiation, Townes in 1951 realized that use could be made of the different natural energy levels of atoms and molecules. The practical application of this idea was achieved in his laboratory in 1953 using ammonia gas to make the device known as a maser (an acronym of microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation). The maser was developed in the next few years and in 1958, in a joint paper with his brother-in-law Arthur L. Schawlow, Townes suggested the possibility of a further development into optical frequencies or an optical maser, later known as a laser (an acronym of light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation). Two years later the first such device was made by Theodore H. Maiman.In 1959 Townes was given leave from Columbia University to serve as Vice-President and Director of Research at the Institute for Defense Analyses until 1961. He was then appointed Provost and Professor of Physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In 1967 he became University Professor of Physics at the University of California, where he has extended his research interests in the field of microwave and infra-red astronomy. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and the American Astronomical Society.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsNobel Prize for Physics 1964. Foreign Member, Royal Society of London. President, American Physical Society 1967. Townes has received many awards from American and other scientific societies and institutions and honorary degrees from more than twenty universities.BibliographyTownes is the author of many scientific papers and, with Arthur L.Schawlow, ofMicrowave Spectroscopy (1955).1980, entry, McGraw-Hill Modern Scientists and Engineers, Part 3, New York, pp. 227– 8 (autobiography).1991, entry, The Nobel Century, London, p. 106 (autobiography).Further ReadingT.Wasson (ed.), 1987, Nobel Prize Winners, New York, pp. 1,071–3 (contains a short biography).RTS -
9 zujyhen
n.organization; institution (Chin. zuzhi); jalan jecen hūdai maiman zujyhen World Trade Organization; zujyhen weileran organizational work
См. также в других словарях:
Maiman — Theodore Harold Maiman (* 11. Juli 1927 in Los Angeles; † 5. Mai 2007 in Vancouver) war ein US amerikanischer Physiker. 1960 entwickelte er den ersten funktionstüchtigen Laser. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Leben und Werk 2 Auszeichnungen 3 Literatur … Deutsch Wikipedia
Maiman , Theodore Harold — (1927–) American physicist Maiman, the son of an electrical engineer, was born in Los Angeles, California, and graduated in engineering physics from the University of Colorado in 1949. He gained his PhD from Stanford University in 1955, following … Scientists
Maiman, Theodore H. — ▪ American physicist in full Theodore Harold Maiman born July 11, 1927, Los Angeles, Calif., U.S. died May 5, 2007, Vancouver, B.C., Can. American physicist, who constructed the first laser, a device that produces monochromatic coherent… … Universalium
Maiman, Theodore Harold — ▪ 2008 American physicist born July 11, 1927 , Los Angeles, Calif. died May 5, 2007, Vancouver, B.C. constructed the first laser, a device that produces monochromatic coherent light, or light in which the rays are all of the same wavelength … Universalium
Theodore Harold Maiman — (* 11. Juli 1927 in Los Angeles; † 5. Mai 2007 in Vancouver) war ein US amerikanischer Physiker. 1960 entwickelte er den ersten funktionstüchtigen Laser. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Leben und Werk 2 Auszeichnungen 3 Literatur … Deutsch Wikipedia
Theodore Maiman — Theodore Harold Maiman (* 11. Juli 1927 in Los Angeles; † 5. Mai 2007 in Vancouver) war ein US amerikanischer Physiker. 1960 entwickelte er den ersten funktionstüchtigen Laser. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Leben und Werk 2 Auszeichnungen … Deutsch Wikipedia
Theodore Harold Maiman — Infobox Scientist name = Theodore Harold Maiman birth date = birth date|1927|7|11 birth place = Los Angeles, California death date = death date and age|2007|5|5|1927|7|11 death place = Vancouver, British Columbia citizenship = United States field … Wikipedia
Mohammed Al Maiman — Mohammed Al Maiman, né le 8 septembre 1986 est un top model français d origine saoudienne d une mère issue la famille royale d Arabie Saoudite . Il vit à Paris (France). Il est élu Manhunt France 2010, Mister France international et Mister Arabie … Wikipédia en Français
Ohad Maiman — was born in Israel in 1977; upon completing his studies he served for 3 years in the Israel Defense Forces, traveled extensively in the Far East and South America, eventually settling down in New York City in 1999. In 2003, he graduated in… … Wikipedia
Theodore Harold Maiman — Théodore Maiman Théodore Harold Maiman (né 11 juillet 1927 à Denver, États Unis et mort le 5 mai 2007 à Vancouver, Canada), est un physicien américain. Il fait ses études aux universités du Colorado et de Stanford. En mai 1960, le physicien… … Wikipédia en Français
Theodore Maiman — Théodore Maiman Théodore Harold Maiman (né 11 juillet 1927 à Denver, États Unis et mort le 5 mai 2007 à Vancouver, Canada), est un physicien américain. Il fait ses études aux universités du Colorado et de Stanford. En mai 1960, le physicien… … Wikipédia en Français
