Māvortĭus

1. Māvors, vortis, m. = Mars, I) eig., der Gott Mars (s. Mars no. I), Cic. de nat. deor. 2, 67. Verg. Aen. 8, 630 u.a. Dichter. – M. pater, Val. Flacc. 6, 178: genitor M., Ov. fast. 4, 828: urbs Mavortis, von Rom, Verg. Aen. 6, 872: puer Iliae Mavortisque, von Romulus, Hor. carm. 4, 8, 23. – II) meton., Krieg, Auson. edyll. 4, 64. p. 38 Schenkl. – Dav. Māvortius, a, um, martisch, d.i. a) zu Mars gehörig, moenia, Rom, Verg.: tellus, Thrazien, Verg.: proles, die Thebaner, weil sie aus den Zähnen der Schlange, die dem Mars heilig, entstanden waren, Ov. – subst., Māvortius, Meleager, weil er für den Sohn des Mars gehalten wurde, Ov. met. 8, 437: u. Mars selbst, Petron. poët. 124 v. 261. – b) meton., zum Kriege gehörig, kriegerisch, Val. Flacc. u. Stat.: Mavortius Hector, Epit. Iliad. 800.

Mars (archaic and poet. Māvors, q. v.), Martis (collat. reduplic. form Marmar, in the Song of the Arval Brothers; v. the following, and Mamers), m. [root mar-, gleam; Sanscr. marīkis, beam of light; hence Mars, the bright god; cf.: marmor, mare], Mars, who, as father of Romulus, was the primogenitor of the Roman people, the god of war, of husbandry, of shepherds and seers. For him was named the month of Martius, March, the beginning of the Roman year, Ov. F. 3, 73 sqq.:

legio Martia... ab eo deo, a quo populum Romanum generatum accepimus,

Cic. Phil. 4, 2, 5:

Mars pater te precor quaesoque, uti sies volens propitius mihi, etc.,... ut tu morbos visos invisosque viduertatem vastitudinemque, calamitates intemperiasque prohibessis, etc.,

Cato, R. R. 141, 2; cf., in the Song of the Arval Brothers, NEVE LVERVE MARMAR SINS INCVRRERE IN PLEORIS;

for Mars pater, the forms Marspiter, gen. Marspitris, or -tĕris, and Maspiter were also employed,

Gell. 5, 12, 5; Macr. S. 1, 12; 19; Varr. L. L. 8, § 33 Müll.; 9, § 75; 10, § 65; Prisc. p. 695:

Mars Gradivus, Quirinus, Silvanus, Ultor, v. under h. vv.: Mars durus,

Verg. E 10, 44:

torvus,

Hor. C. 1, 28, 17:

cruentus,

id. ib. 2, 14, 13:

ferus,

Ov. H. 7, 160; id. F. 4, 25:

ferox,

id. M. 13, 11:

bellicus,

id. F. 3, 1:

fortibus sane oculis Cassius (Martem spirare dicens) se in Siciliam non iturum,

Cic. Att. 15, 11. The Salii were destined for his service, Liv. 1, 20, 4; horses and bulls were offered to him, Paul. ex Fest. p. 61 Müll.; Ov. H. 6, 10; Macr. S. 3, 10, 4:

per Martem, a soldier's oath,

Plaut. Mil. 5, 21. He was often appealed to in oaths, etc., esp. by soldiers:

Nam neque Duellona mi umquam neque Mars creduat, ni, etc.,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 8, 8; id. Mil. 1, 1, 11; id. Truc. 3, 1, 11.—

Transf.

War, battle, a conflict, engagement, contest, etc.; also the art of war: cum veter occubuit Priamus sub Marte Pelasgo, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 607 P. (Ann. v. 17 Vahl.):

Martem accendere cantu,

to incite to battle, Verg. A. 6, 165:

apertus,

fighting in the open field, Ov. M. 13, 27: equitem suo alienoque Marte pugnare, i. e. to fight both in their own fashion (on horseback) and in one which was strange to them (on foot), Liv. 3, 62, 9:

pugna jam in manus, jam in gladios, ubi Mars est atrocissimus, venerat,

id. 2, 46, 3:

terribili Marte ululare,

Plin. 26, 4, 9, § 19:

captam sine Marte,

Stat. Ach. 1, 401:

quos amisimus cives, eos Martis vis perculit, non ira victoriae,

Cic. Marcell. 6, 17.— Poet.:

Mars forensis,

a contest in the forum, legal contest, Ov. P. 4, 6, 29; cf.:

et fora Marte suo litigiosa vacent,

id. F. 4, 188.—Hence, prov.: suo (nostro, vestro) Marte, by one's own exertions, without the assistance of others:

rex ipse suo Marte res suas recuperavit,

Cic. Phil. 2, 37, 95; id. Off. 3, 7, 34:

cum vos vestro Marte his rebus omnibus abundetis,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 4, § 9.—

The issue of a war or a battle, the fortune of war:

cum omnis belli Mars communis, et cum semper incerti exitus proeliorum sint,

Cic. Fam. 6, 4, 1: communis adhuc Mars belli erat, Liv. 10, 28:

aequo Marte,

with equal advantage, on equal terms, Caes. B. G. 7, 19, 3; 8, 19, 2; Curt. 4, 1, 8:

pari Marte,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 19:

aequato Marte,

Liv. 1, 25:

verso Marte ( = versā fortunā),

id. 29, 3, 11:

vario Marte pugnatum est,

Quint. 8, 6, 24:

incerto Marte,

Tac. H. 4, 35:

anceps,

Liv. 7, 29, 2; 21, 1, 2:

dubius,

Vell. 2, 55, 3.—

The planet Mars: Jovis stellae proximum inferiorem orbem tenet puroeis, quae stella Martis appellatur, Cic. N. D. 2, 20, 53; 2, 46, 119; Plin. 2, 8, 6, § 34; 2, 15, 12, § 60; Hyg. Astr. 2, 42:

Martis sidus,

Cassiod. Var. 11, 36.—Hence,

Mar-tĭus ( Māvortĭus, v. infra), a, um, adj.

Of or belonging to Mars:

lupus,

sacred to Mars, Verg. A. 9, 566; cf.: Martius lupus, integer et intactus, gentis nos Martiae et conditoris nostri admonuit, descended from Mars (since Mars is the father of Romulus and Remus), Liv. 10, 27:

legio,

Cic. Phil. 3, 3, 6; 4, 2, 5:

miles,

Ov. M. 14, 798:

proles,

i. e. Romulus and Remus, id. F. 3, 59:

anguis,

sacred to Mars, id. M. 3, 32:

judicium,

i. e. of the Areopagus at Athens, App. M. 10, p. 718 Oud.: Campus;

v. campus: harena,

a place in the Circus where the gladiators fought, Ov. Tr. 2, 282; Mart. 2, 75, 8:

gramen,

i. e. the Field of Mars, Hor. C. 3, 7, 26: Martius mensis, the month of March, formerly the first month of the year, Plin. 15, 3, 4, § 13:

Martii Calendis,

Hor. C. 3, 8, 1: Idus Martiae, the Ides of March, famous as the day on which Julius Cæsar was killed, Cic. Att. 14, 4, 2; cf. 14, 20, 1 sq.; id. Phil. 2, 35, 88; id. Fam. 10, 28, 1.— In the form Mavortius ( poet.):

moenia,

i. e. Rome, Verg. A. 1, 276:

tellus,

i. e. Thrace, id. G. 4, 462:

conjux,

i. e. Venus, Val. Fl. 2, 208:

proles,

i. e. the Thebans, Ov. M. 3, 531; cf.:

seges belli (because sprung from the dragon's teeth),

Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 135.—

Transf.

Warlike, martial:

Martia Penthesilea,

Verg. A. 11, 661:

Martia saeculi voluptas,

Mart. 5, 24, 1:

Martius aeris rauci canor,

Verg. G. 4, 71:

vulnera,

id. A. 7, 182:

Thebe,

i. e. where many wars were carried on, Ov. Am. 3, 6, 33.—

Of or belonging to the planet Mars:

ille fulgor rutilus, horribilisque terris, quem Martium dicitis,

Cic. Rep. 6, 17, 17.—As subst.: Mar-tĭus, ii, m. (sc. mensis), March, the month of March:

Mensium nomina fere aperta sunt, si a Martio, ut antiqui constituerunt, numeres, Nam primus a Marte,

Varr. L. L. 6, 4, § 33.—

Martĭālis, e, adj.

Of or belonging to Mars: Flamen, Varr L. L. 5, § 84 Müll.;

7, § 45 ib.: lupus,

sacred to Mars, Hor. C. 1, 17, 9:

ludi,

in honor of Mars, Suet. Claud. 1: Martialis collis, near the temple of Deus Fidius, Varr. L. L. 5, § 52 Müll.— Subst.: Martĭālis, is, m., a priest of Mars:

Martiales quidam Larini appellabantur, ministri publici Martis,

Cic. Clu. 15, 43.—

Belonging to the legio Martia; hence, Martĭāles, the soldiers of the legio Martia, Cic. Phil. 4, 2, 5.

Mars (archaic and poet. Māvors, q. v.), Martis (collat. reduplic. form Marmar, in the Song of the Arval Brothers; v. the following, and Mamers), m. [root mar-, gleam; Sanscr. marīkis, beam of light; hence Mars, the bright god; cf.: marmor, mare], Mars, who, as father of Romulus, was the primogenitor of the Roman people, the god of war, of husbandry, of shepherds and seers. For him was named the month of Martius, March, the beginning of the Roman year, Ov. F. 3, 73 sqq.:

legio Martia... ab eo deo, a quo populum Romanum generatum accepimus,

Cic. Phil. 4, 2, 5:

Mars pater te precor quaesoque, uti sies volens propitius mihi, etc.,... ut tu morbos visos invisosque viduertatem vastitudinemque, calamitates intemperiasque prohibessis, etc.,

Cato, R. R. 141, 2; cf., in the Song of the Arval Brothers, NEVE LVERVE MARMAR SINS INCVRRERE IN PLEORIS;

for Mars pater, the forms Marspiter, gen. Marspitris, or -tĕris, and Maspiter were also employed,

Gell. 5, 12, 5; Macr. S. 1, 12; 19; Varr. L. L. 8, § 33 Müll.; 9, § 75; 10, § 65; Prisc. p. 695:

Mars Gradivus, Quirinus, Silvanus, Ultor, v. under h. vv.: Mars durus,

Verg. E 10, 44:

torvus,

Hor. C. 1, 28, 17:

cruentus,

id. ib. 2, 14, 13:

ferus,

Ov. H. 7, 160; id. F. 4, 25:

ferox,

id. M. 13, 11:

bellicus,

id. F. 3, 1:

fortibus sane oculis Cassius (Martem spirare dicens) se in Siciliam non iturum,

Cic. Att. 15, 11. The Salii were destined for his service, Liv. 1, 20, 4; horses and bulls were offered to him, Paul. ex Fest. p. 61 Müll.; Ov. H. 6, 10; Macr. S. 3, 10, 4:

per Martem, a soldier's oath,

Plaut. Mil. 5, 21. He was often appealed to in oaths, etc., esp. by soldiers:

Nam neque Duellona mi umquam neque Mars creduat, ni, etc.,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 8, 8; id. Mil. 1, 1, 11; id. Truc. 3, 1, 11.—

Transf.

War, battle, a conflict, engagement, contest, etc.; also the art of war: cum veter occubuit Priamus sub Marte Pelasgo, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 607 P. (Ann. v. 17 Vahl.):

Martem accendere cantu,

to incite to battle, Verg. A. 6, 165:

apertus,

fighting in the open field, Ov. M. 13, 27: equitem suo alienoque Marte pugnare, i. e. to fight both in their own fashion (on horseback) and in one which was strange to them (on foot), Liv. 3, 62, 9:

pugna jam in manus, jam in gladios, ubi Mars est atrocissimus, venerat,

id. 2, 46, 3:

terribili Marte ululare,

Plin. 26, 4, 9, § 19:

captam sine Marte,

Stat. Ach. 1, 401:

quos amisimus cives, eos Martis vis perculit, non ira victoriae,

Cic. Marcell. 6, 17.— Poet.:

Mars forensis,

a contest in the forum, legal contest, Ov. P. 4, 6, 29; cf.:

et fora Marte suo litigiosa vacent,

id. F. 4, 188.—Hence, prov.: suo (nostro, vestro) Marte, by one's own exertions, without the assistance of others:

rex ipse suo Marte res suas recuperavit,

Cic. Phil. 2, 37, 95; id. Off. 3, 7, 34:

cum vos vestro Marte his rebus omnibus abundetis,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 4, § 9.—

The issue of a war or a battle, the fortune of war:

cum omnis belli Mars communis, et cum semper incerti exitus proeliorum sint,

Cic. Fam. 6, 4, 1: communis adhuc Mars belli erat, Liv. 10, 28:

aequo Marte,

with equal advantage, on equal terms, Caes. B. G. 7, 19, 3; 8, 19, 2; Curt. 4, 1, 8:

pari Marte,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 19:

aequato Marte,

Liv. 1, 25:

verso Marte ( = versā fortunā),

id. 29, 3, 11:

vario Marte pugnatum est,

Quint. 8, 6, 24:

incerto Marte,

Tac. H. 4, 35:

anceps,

Liv. 7, 29, 2; 21, 1, 2:

dubius,

Vell. 2, 55, 3.—

The planet Mars: Jovis stellae proximum inferiorem orbem tenet puroeis, quae stella Martis appellatur, Cic. N. D. 2, 20, 53; 2, 46, 119; Plin. 2, 8, 6, § 34; 2, 15, 12, § 60; Hyg. Astr. 2, 42:

Martis sidus,

Cassiod. Var. 11, 36.—Hence,

Mar-tĭus ( Māvortĭus, v. infra), a, um, adj.

Of or belonging to Mars:

lupus,

sacred to Mars, Verg. A. 9, 566; cf.: Martius lupus, integer et intactus, gentis nos Martiae et conditoris nostri admonuit, descended from Mars (since Mars is the father of Romulus and Remus), Liv. 10, 27:

legio,

Cic. Phil. 3, 3, 6; 4, 2, 5:

miles,

Ov. M. 14, 798:

proles,

i. e. Romulus and Remus, id. F. 3, 59:

anguis,

sacred to Mars, id. M. 3, 32:

judicium,

i. e. of the Areopagus at Athens, App. M. 10, p. 718 Oud.: Campus;

v. campus: harena,

a place in the Circus where the gladiators fought, Ov. Tr. 2, 282; Mart. 2, 75, 8:

gramen,

i. e. the Field of Mars, Hor. C. 3, 7, 26: Martius mensis, the month of March, formerly the first month of the year, Plin. 15, 3, 4, § 13:

Martii Calendis,

Hor. C. 3, 8, 1: Idus Martiae, the Ides of March, famous as the day on which Julius Cæsar was killed, Cic. Att. 14, 4, 2; cf. 14, 20, 1 sq.; id. Phil. 2, 35, 88; id. Fam. 10, 28, 1.— In the form Mavortius ( poet.):

moenia,

i. e. Rome, Verg. A. 1, 276:

tellus,

i. e. Thrace, id. G. 4, 462:

conjux,

i. e. Venus, Val. Fl. 2, 208:

proles,

i. e. the Thebans, Ov. M. 3, 531; cf.:

seges belli (because sprung from the dragon's teeth),

Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 135.—

Transf.

Warlike, martial:

Martia Penthesilea,

Verg. A. 11, 661:

Martia saeculi voluptas,

Mart. 5, 24, 1:

Martius aeris rauci canor,

Verg. G. 4, 71:

vulnera,

id. A. 7, 182:

Thebe,

i. e. where many wars were carried on, Ov. Am. 3, 6, 33.—

Of or belonging to the planet Mars:

ille fulgor rutilus, horribilisque terris, quem Martium dicitis,

Cic. Rep. 6, 17, 17.—As subst.: Mar-tĭus, ii, m. (sc. mensis), March, the month of March:

Mensium nomina fere aperta sunt, si a Martio, ut antiqui constituerunt, numeres, Nam primus a Marte,

Varr. L. L. 6, 4, § 33.—

Martĭālis, e, adj.

Of or belonging to Mars: Flamen, Varr L. L. 5, § 84 Müll.;

7, § 45 ib.: lupus,

sacred to Mars, Hor. C. 1, 17, 9:

ludi,

in honor of Mars, Suet. Claud. 1: Martialis collis, near the temple of Deus Fidius, Varr. L. L. 5, § 52 Müll.— Subst.: Martĭālis, is, m., a priest of Mars:

Martiales quidam Larini appellabantur, ministri publici Martis,

Cic. Clu. 15, 43.—

Belonging to the legio Martia; hence, Martĭāles, the soldiers of the legio Martia, Cic. Phil. 4, 2, 5.

Māvors, vortis, m. [from mah, magh, to cut; Gr. machê, machaira, and vor, root of vortere; i. e. the turner of the battle], old and poetic name for Mars (q. v.), the god of war, etc.

Prop.:

urbs Mavortis, i. e. Rome,

Verg. A. 6, 872; 8, 630; 12, 179; Cic. N. D. 2, 26; 3, 24; Luc. 7, 569:

Mavors pater,

Val. Fl. 6, 178:

genitor Mavors,

Ov. F. 4, 828:

Iliae Mavortisque puer,

i. e. Romulus, Hor. C. 4, 8, 23.—

Transf., war, battle: civili Mavorte, Aus Idyll. 4, 65.— Hence, Māvortius, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Mavors or Mars ( poet.):

moenia, i. e. Rome,

Verg. A. 1, 276:

tellus,

i. e. Thrace, id. G. 4, 462:

conjux,

i. e. Venus, Val. Fl. 2, 208:

proles,

i. e. the Thebans, Ov. M. 3, 531; cf.:

seges Mavortia belli,

the armed men that sprang up where the dragon's teeth were sown, Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 135.—As subst.: Māvortius, i, m., Meleager, son of Mavors, Ov M. 8, 437; cf. Hyg. Fab. 471; but of Mars, Petr. poët. 124, v. 261; Inscr. Grut. 57, 1.— Transf., of or belonging to war, warlike, martial:

Amazon,

Val. Fl. 5, 90:

tela,

Stat. Ach. 1, 626:

vulnera,

Grat. Cyn. 344.

Mārs, Mārtis, m. (Mavors u. Mavortius, w. s.; archaist. Dat. Martei, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 531, Marte, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 62), I) Mars, A) eig., einer der dii consentes, die die Elemente beherrschen u. die Jahreszeiten herbeiführen, weshalb das alte röm. Jahr nach der Einteilung des Romulus, des Sohnes des Mars, mit dem Monate des Mars (dem Martius = März) beginnt, s. Ov. fast. 3, 73 sqq. – dann bes. Gott der kriegerischen Kraft u. des Kriegsgetümmels, dah. ferus, Ov. fast. 4, 25. – Als Vater des Romulus wird er als Stammvater des röm. Volkes betrachtet, s. Cic. Phil. 4, 5. – Zu seinem Dienste waren die Salier bestimmt, Liv. 1, 20, 4. – Geopfert wurden ihm Pferde, Paul. ex Fest. 81, 16, u. Stiere, Ov. her. 6, 10. Macr. sat. 3, 10. § 4. – Beinamen sind M. Silvanus, M. pater, als Gott der Herden u. Feldgott, Cato r. r. 83 u. 141: als Kriegsgott M. Gradivus, der im Kampf Voranschreitende, Liv. 1, 20, 4 (so auch pater od. rex Gradivus, Verg. Aen. 3, 35; 10, 542): M. Ultor, Suet. Aug. 21, 2. – B) meton.: 1) = Kriegsgetümmel, Kampf, Schlacht, a) eig.: Hectoreus, mit Hektor, Ov.: parentalis, Kampfspiel zu Ehren des toten Erzeugers, Ov.: apertus, offene Feldschlacht, Ov.: Actiacus, Schlacht bei Aktium, Plin.: quos amisimus cives, eos Martis vis perculit, non ira victoriae, Cic. Marc. 17: invadunt Martem,

————

beginnen das Gefecht, den Kampf, Verg.: Martem accendere cantu, zum Gefecht entflammen, Verg.: suo Marte cadunt, sie fallen durch ihren eigenen Kampf, d.i. im K. miteinander, Ov.: ebenso femineo Marte cadere, im K. mit einem Weibe, Ov.: alieno Marte, durch Kampf mit einem fremden Volke, Curt. – dah. sprichw., suo (nostro, vestro) Marte, auf eigene Faust, auf eigene Hand u. Gefahr, selbständig, Cic. (s. Heine Cic. de off. 3, 34). – insbes., die Kampfart, equitem suo alienoque Marte pugnare, auf die ihm eigene u. auf fremde Art (als Fußgänger), Liv. 3, 62, 9. – b) übtr., v. gerichtl. Kampf (Streit), forensis, Ov. – 2) das Kriegsglück, der Ausgang der Schlacht, anceps, Liv.: aequo Marte, Liv.: proelium pari Marte initur, Hirt. b. G.: pari Marte pugnabant, Curt.: M. belli communis, Cic. u. Liv. (vgl. Halm Cic. Sest. 12. Weißenb. Liv. 5, 12, 1). – 3) die Kriegswut, terribili Marte ululare, Plin. 26, 18. – 4) der kriegerische Geist oder Mut, die Tapferkeit, si patrii quid Martis habes, Verg.: cedent Marti Dorica castra meo, Ov.: nec sunt mihi Marte secundi, Ov. – II) übtr., Mars, ein Planet, stella Martis, Cic. de nat. deor. 2, 53. Plin. 2, 60: sidus Martis, Plin. 2, 34. – Dav. abgeleitet: Mārtiālis u. Mārtius u. Mārtiaticus u. Mārtulus, w. s.

cŏm-ĕs, ĭtis, comm. [con and 1. eo] (lit. one who goes with another), a companion, an associate, comrade, partaker, sharer, partner, etc. (whether male or female; class. and freq.).

In gen.

Masc.:

age, age, argentum numera, ne comites morer,

Plaut. Ep. 5, 1, 25:

confugere domum sine comite,

Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 25:

comes meus fuit, et omnium itinerum meorum socius,

Cic. Fam. 13, 71:

erat comes ejus Rubrius,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 25, § 64:

cui tu me comitem putas esse,

id. Att. 8, 7, 1:

ibimus, o socii comitesque,

Hor. C. 1, 7, 26; Lucr. 3, 1037; 4, 575:

Catulli,

Cat. 11, 1:

Pisonis,

id. 28, 1; Nep. Ages. 6, 3:

quin et avo comitem sese Mavortius addet Romulus,

Verg. A. 6, 778; cf.:

comes ire alicui,

id. ib. 6, 159:

comitem aliquem mittere alicui,

id. ib. 2, 86:

comes esse alicui,

Ov. H. 14, 54 et saep. —

With gen. or dat. of thing:

cum se victoriae Pompeji comitem esse mallet quam, etc.,

Caes. B. C. 3, 80:

comitem illius furoris,

Cic. Lael. 11, 37:

me tuarum actionum, sententiarum, etc., socium comitemque habebis,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 22:

mortis et funeris atri,

Lucr. 2, 581:

tantae virtutis,

Liv. 22, 60, 12:

exsilii,

Mart. 12, 25:

fugae,

Vell. 2, 53; Liv. 1, 3, 2; Cic. Att. 9, 10, 2; cf. Suet. Tib. 6:

me habuisti comitem consiliis tuis,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 15.—With in:

comes in ulciscendis quibusdam,

Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 2.—

Fem., Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 54; Lucr. 5, 741:

data sum comes inculpata Minervae,

Ov. M. 2, 588; cf. id. H. 3, 10:

me tibi venturam comitem,

id. ib. 13, 163; Verg. A. 4, 677; 6, 448.—

Transf. to inanimate objects:

malis erat angor Assidue comes,

Lucr. 6, 1159:

comes formidinis, aura,

id. 3, 290:

ploratus mortis comites,

id. 2, 580:

tunc vitae socia virtus, mortis comes gloria fuisset,

Cic. Font. 21, 49 (17, 39):

multarum deliciarum comes est extrema saltatio,

id. Mur. 6, 13:

pacis est comes, otiique socia eloquentia,

id. Brut. 12, 45; cf.

an idea (perh. intentionally) opp. to this,

Tac. Or. 40:

non ut ullam artem doctrinamve contemneres, sed ut omnis comites ac ministratrices oratoris esse diceres,

Cic. de Or. 1, 17, 75:

cui ipsi casus eventusque rerum non duces sed comites consiliorum fuerunt,

id. Balb. 4, 9:

exanimatio. quas comes pavoris,

id. Tusc. 4, 8, 19:

(grammatice) dulcis secretorum comes,

Quint. 1, 4, 5:

(cura) comes atra premit sequiturque fugacem,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 115:

culpam poena premit comes,

id. C. 4, 5, 24:

nec (fides) comitem abnegat,

id. ib. 1, 35, 22: comitemque [p. 374] aeris alieni atque litis esse miseriam, Orac. ap. Plin. 7, 32, 32, § 119.—

In partic.

An overseer, tutor, teacher, etc., of young persons (rare;

not ante-Aug.),

Verg. A. 2, 86; 5, 546; Suet. Tib. 12; Stat. S. 5, 2, 60.— Esp. = paedagogus, a slave who accompanied boys as a protector, Suet. Aug. 98; id. Claud. 35.—Far more freq.,

The suite, retinue of friends, relatives, scholars, noble youth, etc., which accompanied magistrates into the provinces, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 10, § 27 sq; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 3, § 11; Hor. Ep. 1, 8, 2; Suet. Caes. 42; id. Ner. 5; id. Gram. 10.—

The attendants of distinguished private individuals, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 76; 1, 17, 52; id. S. 1, 6, 102; Suet. Caes. 4.— Trop.: (Cicero) in libris de Republica Platonis se comitem profitetur, Plin. praef. § 22.—

After the time of the emperors, the imperial train, the courtiers, court, Suet. Aug. 16; 98; id. Tib. 46; id. Calig. 45; id. Vit. 11; id. Vesp. 4; Inscr. Orell. 723; 750 al.—Hence,

In late Lat., a designation for the occupant of any state office, as, comes scholarum, rei militaris, aerarii utriusque, commerciorum (hence, Ital. conte; Fr. comte).

frendo and frendeo, frendui, frēsum and fressum (v. infra), 2 and 3, v. n. and a. [cf. Gr. chrem-izô, to neigh, chromê; Germ. greinen, grinsen, Fick, Vergl. Wörterb. p. 72].

Neutr., to gnash the teeth (for syn. cf. fremo):

ego illum male formidabam, ita frendebat dentibus,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 4, 5; id. Truc. 2, 7, 41:

Nemeaeus leo Frendens efflavit graviter extremum halitum, Cic. poët. Tusc. 2, 9, 22: frendens aper,

Ov. A. A. 1, 46:

et graviter frendens sic fatis ora resolvit,

Verg. G. 4, 452:

tumidā frendens Mavortius irā,

Ov. M. 8, 437:

(Hannibal) frendens gemensque ac vix lacrimis temperans dicitur legatorum verba audisse,

Liv. 30, 20, 1:

frenduerunt super me dentibus suis,

Vulg. Psa. 34, 16.— Poet. transf.:

dolor frendens,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 693.—With acc.: nec, machaera, audes dentes frendere, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Non. 447, 18.—

To crush, bruise, or grind to pieces (as if gnashing the teeth):

porci dicuntur nefrendes ab eo, quod nondum fabam frendere possunt, id est frangere,

Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 17: saxo fruges frendas, Att. ap. Non. 437, 21 (Rib. Fragm. Trag. v. 478); Pac. ib. (Rib. Fragm. Trag. v. 11):

fresi et aqua macerati ervi sextarius,

Col. 6, 3, 4:

fresa cicera,

id. 2, 10, 35:

faba fresa,

id. 2, 11, 7; 6, 3, 5;

for which: faba fressa,

Cels. 5, 18, 21.—

To lament over with rage, gnash the teeth at: frendēre noctes, misera, quas perpessa sum, Pac. ap. Non. 447, 17 (Rib. Fragm. Trag. v. 10).—With object-clause:

frendente Alexandro, eripi sibi victoriam e manibus,

Curt. 4, 16, 3.

frendo and frendeo, frendui, frēsum and fressum (v. infra), 2 and 3, v. n. and a. [cf. Gr. chrem-izô, to neigh, chromê; Germ. greinen, grinsen, Fick, Vergl. Wörterb. p. 72].

Neutr., to gnash the teeth (for syn. cf. fremo):

ego illum male formidabam, ita frendebat dentibus,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 4, 5; id. Truc. 2, 7, 41:

Nemeaeus leo Frendens efflavit graviter extremum halitum, Cic. poët. Tusc. 2, 9, 22: frendens aper,

Ov. A. A. 1, 46:

et graviter frendens sic fatis ora resolvit,

Verg. G. 4, 452:

tumidā frendens Mavortius irā,

Ov. M. 8, 437:

(Hannibal) frendens gemensque ac vix lacrimis temperans dicitur legatorum verba audisse,

Liv. 30, 20, 1:

frenduerunt super me dentibus suis,

Vulg. Psa. 34, 16.— Poet. transf.:

dolor frendens,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 693.—With acc.: nec, machaera, audes dentes frendere, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Non. 447, 18.—

To crush, bruise, or grind to pieces (as if gnashing the teeth):

porci dicuntur nefrendes ab eo, quod nondum fabam frendere possunt, id est frangere,

Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 17: saxo fruges frendas, Att. ap. Non. 437, 21 (Rib. Fragm. Trag. v. 478); Pac. ib. (Rib. Fragm. Trag. v. 11):

fresi et aqua macerati ervi sextarius,

Col. 6, 3, 4:

fresa cicera,

id. 2, 10, 35:

faba fresa,

id. 2, 11, 7; 6, 3, 5;

for which: faba fressa,

Cels. 5, 18, 21.—

To lament over with rage, gnash the teeth at: frendēre noctes, misera, quas perpessa sum, Pac. ap. Non. 447, 17 (Rib. Fragm. Trag. v. 10).—With object-clause:

frendente Alexandro, eripi sibi victoriam e manibus,

Curt. 4, 16, 3.