-
1 Керкубришир
-
2 Керкубри
-
3 Kirkcudbrightshire
Kirkcudbright(shire) noun Керкубри(шир) -
4 Керкубри
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > Керкубри
-
5 Керкубришир
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > Керкубришир
-
6 Neilson, James Beaumont
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 22 June 1792 Shettleston, near Glasgow, Scotlandd. 18 January 1865 Queenshill, Kirkcudbright-shire, Scotland[br]Scottish inventor of hot blast in ironmaking.[br]After leaving school before the age of 14 Neilson followed his father in tending colliery-steam engines. He continued in this line while apprenticed to his elder brother and afterwards rose to engine-wright at Irvine colliery. That failed and Neilson obtained work as Foreman at the first gasworks to be set up in Glasgow. After five years he became Manager and Engineer to the works, remaining there for thirty years. He introduced a number of improvements into gas manufacture, such as the use of clay retorts, iron sulphate as a purifier and the swallow-tail burner. He had meanwhile benefited from studying physics and chemistry at the Andersonian University in Glasgow.Neilson is best known for introducing hot blast into ironmaking. At that time, ironmasters believed that cold blast produced the best results, since furnaces seemed to make more and better iron in the winter than the summer. Neilson found that by leading the air blast through an iron chamber heated by a coal fire beneath it, much less fuel was needed to convert the iron ore to iron. He secured a patent in 1828 and managed to persuade Clyde Ironworks in Glasgow to try out the device. The results were immediately favourable, and the use of hot blast spread rapidly throughout the country and abroad. The equipment was improved, raising the blast temperature to around 300°C (572°F), reducing the amount of coal, which was converted into coke, required to produce a tonne of iron from 10 tonnes to about 3. Neilson entered into a partnership with Charles Macintosh and others to patent and promote the process. Successive, and successful, lawsuits against those who infringed the patent demonstrates the general eagerness to adopt hot blast. Beneficial though it was, the process did not become really satisfactory until the introduction of hot-blast stoves by E.A. Cowper in 1857.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1846.Further ReadingS.Smiles, Industrial Biography, Ch. 9 (offers the most detailed account of Neilson's life). Proc. Instn. Civ. Engrs., vol. 30, p. 451.J.Percy, 1851, Metallurgy: Iron and Steel (provides a detailed history of hot blast).W.K.V.Gale, 1969, Iron and Steel, London: Longmans (provides brief details).LRDBiographical history of technology > Neilson, James Beaumont
См. также в других словарях:
Kirkcudbright — Kirk•cud•bright [[t]kərˈku bri[/t]] n. geg a historic county in SW Scotland. Also calledKirk•cud′bright•shire [[t] ˌʃɪər, ʃər[/t]] … From formal English to slang
Dumfries-Shire — DUMFRIES SHIRE, a county in the south of Scotland, bounded on the north by the counties of Lanark, Peebles, and Selkirk, on the east by Roxburghshire and part of the English county of Cumberland, on the south by the Solway Frith, and on the… … A Topographical dictionary of Scotland
Kirkcudbrightshire — County (until circa 1890) Country Scotland … Wikipedia
Counties of Scotland — The former County Buildings in Paisley, seat of Renfrewshire county council. The counties of Scotland (Scottish Gaelic: Siorrachdan na h Alba) were the principal local government divisions of Scotland until 1975. Scotland s current lieutenancy… … Wikipedia
List of museums in Scotland — This list of museums in Scotland contains museums which are defined for this context as institutions (including nonprofit organizations, government entities, and private businesses) that collect and care for objects of cultural, artistic,… … Wikipedia
Childers Reforms — The Childers Reforms restructured the infantry regiments of the British army. The reforms were undertaken by Secretary of State for War Hugh Childers in 1881, and were a continuation of the earlier Cardwell reforms. The reorganisation was brought … Wikipedia
Dumfriesshire — Not to be confused with Dumfriesshire (Scottish Parliament constituency) or Dumfriesshire (UK Parliament constituency). Dumfries County (until circa 1890) … Wikipedia
Liste der Countys im Vereinigten Königreich — Diese Liste zeigt die Etymologie der Namen der Countys im Vereinigten Königreich. Sie beinhaltet traditionelle Grafschaften und Verwaltungsgrafschaften. Anmerkung: Das häufig verwendete Wort shire stammt aus dem Altenglischen und bedeutet… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Liste der Grafschaften im Vereinigten Königreich — Diese Liste zeigt die Etymologie der Namen der Countys im Vereinigten Königreich. Sie beinhaltet traditionelle Grafschaften und Verwaltungsgrafschaften. Anmerkung: Das häufig verwendete Wort shire stammt aus dem Altenglischen und bedeutet… … Deutsch Wikipedia
List of postcode districts in the United Kingdom — This is a list of postcode districts in the United Kingdom. A group of postcode districts with the same alphabetical prefix is called a postcode area. All, or part, of one or more postcode districts are grouped into post towns.[1] Contents 1 List … Wikipedia
Kirkcudbrightshire — Lage von Kirkcudbrightshire in Schottland Kirkcudbrightshire ist eine der traditionellen Grafschaften von Schottland, gelegen im Süden Schottlands an der Grenze zu England. Verwaltungssitz und namensgebender Ort war die Stadt Kirkcudbright. Die… … Deutsch Wikipedia