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1 Falmouth
FalmouthБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > Falmouth
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2 Falmouth
[faelməm]proper namekraj. ime -
3 Falmouth
Фалмут (Великобритания, Англия) -
4 Falmouth
• město - Jamaika• město - Antigua a Barbuda -
5 Falmouth, Massachusetts USA
Airports: FMHУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > Falmouth, Massachusetts USA
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6 Falmouth, burning of
Одна из первых карательных акций англичан периода Войны за независимость [ War of Independence], предпринятая 18 октября 1775. Была частью плана изоляции прибрежных городов и наказания американцев за поддержку Континентальной армии [ Continental Army] в осажденном Бостоне. Англичане на четырех кораблях под командованием капитана Г. Моуата [Mowat, Henry] вошли в залив Каско [Casco Bay] и после отказа жителей Фалмута подчиниться ультиматуму дотла сожгли город, который в те времена был одним из крупнейших на побережьеEnglish-Russian dictionary of regional studies > Falmouth, burning of
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7 FM-91.9, Falmouth, Massachusetts
General subject: WFPBУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > FM-91.9, Falmouth, Massachusetts
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8 město - Antigua a Barbuda
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9 město - Jamaika
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10 Соколы Сеннена
Квиддитч сквозь века, КвиддитчРусско-английский словарь Гарри Поттер (Народный перевод) > Соколы Сеннена
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11 FMH
1) Шутливое выражение: Frequency Modulation Heaven2) Метеорология: Federal Meteorological Handbook3) Телекоммуникации: Function Management Header (SNA)4) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Fluor Daniel + Mitsubishi Heavy Industries5) Автоматика: flexible material handling6) Аэропорты: Falmouth, Massachusetts USA -
12 WFPB
1) Общая лексика: FM-91.9, Falmouth, Massachusetts -
13 Фалмут
(Великобритания, Англия) Falmouth -
14 Maine
Штат в группе штатов Новой Англии [ New England] на крайнем северо-востоке страны. Площадь - 91,6 тыс. кв. км. Население - 1,2 млн. человек (2000). Столица Огаста [ Augusta]. Крупные города - Портленд [ Portland], Льюистон [ Lewiston] и Бангор [ Bangor]. На северо-западе граничит с канадской провинцией Квебек, на севере и востоке - с провинцией Нью-Брансуик, на западе - со штатом Нью-Хэмпшир [ New Hampshire]. На юго-востоке омывается водами Атлантического океана. Западная часть штата занята отрогами Аппалачских гор [ Appalachian Mountains], известными как горы Лонгфелло [ Longfellow Mountains] (высшая точка - гора Катадин [ Katahdin, Mount], 1605 м). Юго-восточная низменная часть выходит к океану. Южная часть побережья - длинные песчаные пляжи, к северу оно сильно изрезано, изобилует островами и глубоко вдающимися бухтами. Гора Кадиллак [ Cadillac, Mount] на о. Маунт-Дезерт [ Mount Desert Island] - высшая точка Атлантического побережья США. Параллельно прибрежной низменности лежит холмистый пояс, расширяющийся в западном направлении. Более 90 процентов его территории покрыто лесами. В штате более 5 тыс. рек и 2,5 тыс. озер, в основном мелких. Наиболее крупное - озеро Мусхед [Moosehead, Lake]. На юге климат умеренный, мягкий, на севере - более суровый. Добываются гранит, гравий, строительный камень. Первое поселение на территории штата датируется IV тысячелетием до н.э. К моменту появления европейцев здесь жили индейцы абнаки [ Abnaki]. Первое недолговечное европейское поселение было основано С. де Шамплейном [ Champlain, Samuel de] в 1604. Английский король Яков I даровал эти земли Плимутской компании [ Plymouth Company], а после 1622 началась планомерная английская колонизация. В 1639 регион восточнее р. Пискатакуа [Piscataqua River] получил хартию как "Провинция и округ Мэн" [Province and Countie of Maine]. В 1652 Колония Массачусетского залива [ Massachusetts Bay Colony] получила Мэн под свою юрисдикцию. Колонизация сопровождалась войнами с французами и индейцами [ French and Indian wars]. В 1765 Мэн вместе с Массачусетсом выступил против Закона о гербовом сборе [ Stamp Act]. В колонии активно действовали "Сыны свободы" [ Sons of Liberty], колонисты из Мэна были одними из первых в рядах патриотов в начале Войны за независимость [ Revolutionary War]. Хотя большая часть территории была оккупирована англичанами в течение всей войны и был разрушен г. Фальмут [ Falmouth, burning of], местные жители оказывали упорное сопротивление. 12 июня 1775 первое морское сражение войны произошло у берегов Мэна, близ Мачиаспорта [Machiasport]. После получения США независимости влияние Мэна стало расти, многие его граждане выступали за получение им статуса штата, но это произошло только в 1820. По условиям Миссурийского компромисса [ Missouri Compromise] Мэн вошел в Союз как "свободный штат". Конституция штата [ state constitution] была утверждена в 1819, с тех пор к ней принято около 100 поправок. В 1832 столица штата была перенесена из Портленда в Огасту. Штат сыграл важную роль в победе Севера в Гражданской войне [ Civil War]. В Армии Союза [ Union Army] было более 73 тыс. человек из штата, около 7 тыс. из них погибли. Несмотря на значительную иммиграцию франко-канадцев и англо-канадцев, ирландцев [ Irish-Americans] и других групп, после войны развитие штата замедлилось. К началу XX в. в экономике штата ведущую роль начало играть промышленное производство. В настоящее время в штате развита обрабатывающая промышленность, прежде всего деревообработка и целлюлозно-бумажная (одно из первых мест в стране). Важное место принадлежит сельскому хозяйству, в том числе молочному животноводству и птицеводству, выращиванию знаменитого картофеля [Maine potatoes] (в округе Арустук [Aroostook County]) и яблок, рыболовству. Портленд - крупный порт. Велика роль туризма и сферы услуг в целом. Развитие штата в течение века шло параллельно процессам, происходившим на национальном уровне, но всегда отличалось более медленными темпами. Укрепление экономики и расширение сферы услуг привели к росту населения в 1980-90-е гг. Мэн - один из штатов, где распространена прямая демократия, и многие решения принимаются на собраниях горожан [ town meeting]. После Гражданской войны штат традиционно считается оплотом Республиканской партии [ Republican Party]. -
15 Alleyne, Sir John Gay Newton
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 8 September 1820 Barbadosd. 20 February 1912 Falmouth, Cornwall, England[br]English iron and steel manufacturer, inventor of the reversing rolling mill.[br]Alleyne was the heir to a baronetcy created in 1769, which he succeeded to on the death of his father in 1870. He was educated at Harrow and at Bonn University, and from 1843 to 1851 he was Warden at Dulwich College, to the founder of which the family claimed to be related.Alleyne's business career began with a short spell in the sugar industry at Barbados, but he returned to England to enter Butterley Iron Works Company, where he remained for many years. He was at first concerned with the production of rolled-iron girders for floors, especially for fireproof flooring, and deck beams for iron ships. The demand for large sections exceeded the capacity of the small mills then in use at Butterley, so Alleyne introduced the welding of T-sections to form the required H-sections.In 1861 Alleyne patented a mechanical traverser for moving ingots in front of and behind a rolling mill, enabling one person to manipulate large pieces. In 1870 he introduced his major innovation, the two-high reversing mill, which enabled the metal to be passed back and forth between the rolls until it assumed the required size and shape. The mill had two steam engines, which supplied the motion in opposite directions. These two inventions produced considerable economies in time and effort in handling the metal and enabled much heavier pieces to be processed.During Alleyne's regime, the Butterley Company secured some notable contracts, such as the roof of St Paneras Station, London, in 1868, with the then-unparalleled span of 240 ft (73 m). The manufacture and erection of this awe-inspiring structure was a tribute to Alleyne's abilities. In 1872 he masterminded the design and construction of the large railway bridge over the Old Maas at Dordrecht, Holland. Alleyne also devised a method of determining small quantities of phosphorus in iron and steel by means of the spectroscope. In his spare time he was a skilled astronomical observer and metalworker in his private workshop.[br]Bibliography1875, "The estimation of small quantities of phosphorus in iron and steel by spectrum analysis", Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute: 62.Further ReadingObituary, 1912, Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute: 406–8.LRDBiographical history of technology > Alleyne, Sir John Gay Newton
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16 Champion, William
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 1710 Bristol, Englandd. 1789 England[br]English metallurgist, the first to produce metallic zinc in England on an industrial scale.[br]William, the youngest of the three sons of Nehemiah Champion, stemmed from a West Country Quaker family long associated with the metal trades. His grandfather, also called Nehemiah, had been one of Abraham Darby's close Quaker friends when the brassworks at Baptist Mills was being established in 1702 and 1703. Nehemiah II took over the management of these works soon after Darby went to Coalbrookdale, and in 1719, as one of a group of Bristol copper smelters, he negotiated an agreement with Lord Falmouth to develop copper mines in the Redruth area in Cornwall. In 1723 he was granted a patent for a cementation brass-making process using finely granulated copper rather than the broken fragments of massive copper hitherto employed.In 1730 he returned to Bristol after a tour of European metallurgical centres, and he began to develop an industrial process for the manufacture of pure zinc ingots in England. Metallic zinc or spelter was then imported at great expense from the Far East, largely for the manufacture of copper alloys of golden colour used for cheap jewellery. The process William developed, after six years of experimentation, reduced zinc oxide with charcoal at temperatures well above the boiling point of zinc. The zinc vapour obtained was condensed rapidly to prevent reoxidation and finally collected under water. This process, patented in 1738, was operated in secret until 1766 when Watson described it in his Chemical Essays. After encountering much opposition from the Bristol merchants and zinc importers, William decided to establish his own integrated brassworks at Warmley, five meals east of Bristol. The Warmley plant began to produce in 1748 and expanded rapidly. By 1767, when Warmley employed about 2,000 men, women and children, more capital was needed, requiring a Royal Charter of Incorporation. A consortium of Champion's competitors opposed this and secured its refusal. After this defeat William lost the confidence of his fellow directors, who dismissed him. He was declared bankrupt in 1769 and his works were sold to the British Brass Company, which never operated Warmley at full capacity, although it produced zinc on that site until 1784.[br]Bibliography1723, British patent no. 454 (cementation brass-making process).1738, British patent no. 564 (zinc ingot production process).1767, British patent no. 867 (brass manufacture wing zinc blende).Further ReadingJ.Day, 1973, Bristol Brass: The History of the Industry, Newton Abbot: David \& Charles.A.Raistrick, 1970, Dynasty of Ironfounders: The Darbys and Coalbrookdale, Newton Abbot: David \& Charles.J.R.Harris, 1964, The Copper King, Liverpool University Press.ASD -
17 Drinker, Cecil Kent
SUBJECT AREA: Medical technology[br]b. 17 March 1887 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USAd. 14 April 1956 Falmouth, Massachusetts, USA[br]American physiologist, co-inventor of the Drinker respirator (iron lung).[br]Drinker attended the University of Pennsylvania and graduated MD in 1913. After clinical experience in Boston and, in 1915–16, at Johns Hopkins, he joined the Department of Physiology at Harvard and was appointed Professor in 1924. Apart from continuing his activities in applied physiology, he was also head of the Department of Public Health. As well as investigating poisoning from radium, manganese and carbon monoxide, he was also engaged in a study of the lymphatics and respiration. During the Second World War his earlier work on the iron lung, which he had developed in 1927 with his brother Philip (1894–1972), was deployed in the study and improvement of high-altitude oxygen masks and decompression equipment for service use. He continued an association with the Naval Medical College until 1954, but retired from Harvard in 1948.[br]Bibliography1929, "The use of a new apparatus for the prolonged administration of artificial respiration", American Medical Association (with P. McKhann).1954, The Clinical Physiology of the Lungs.1945, Pulmonary Edema and Inflammation.Further ReadingC.Drinker Bowen, 1970, Family Portrait.MG -
18 Langmuir, Irving
[br]b. 31 January 1881 Brooklyn, New York, USAd. 16 August 1957 Falmouth, Massachusetts, USA[br]American Nobel Prize winner in chemistry in 1932 who was responsible for a number of important scientific developments ranging from electric lamps, through a high-vacuum transmitting tube (for broadcasting) to a high-vacuum mercury pump for studies in atomic structure, in radar and the stimulation of artificial rainfall.[br]Langmuir took a degree in metallurgical engineering at Columbia University School of Mines, and then a PhD in chemistry at Göttingen University in Germany. For much of his life he carried out research in physical chemistry at the General Electric Research Laboratory at Schenechtady, New York, where he remained until his retirement in 1950. One important result of his work there led to a great improvement in artificial illumination of homes. This was his development in 1913 of a much more efficient electric light bulb, which was filled with argon gas and had a coiled filament. The idea of using an inert gas was an old one, but it was not a viable proposition until a filament that could be coiled became available. Overall, Langmuir's lamp was more reliable than previous designs and gave a brighter light.[br]Further ReadingArthur A.Bright, 1949, The Electric Lamp Industry, New York: Macmillan. Floyd A.Lewis, 1961, The Incandescent Light, New York: Shorewood.DY -
19 McAdam, John Loudon
[br]b. 21 September 1756 Ayr, Ayrshire, Scotlandd. 26 November 1836 Moffat, Dumfriesshire, Scotland[br]Scottish road builder, inventor of the macadam road surface.[br]McAdam was the son of one of the founder of the first bank in Ayr. As an infant, he nearly died in a fire which destroyed the family's house of Laywyne, in Carsphairn parish; the family then moved to Blairquhan, near Straiton. Thence he went to the parish school in Maybole, where he is said to have made a model section of a local road. In 1770, when his father died, he was sent to America where he was brought up by an uncle who was a merchant in New York. He stayed in America until the close of the revolution, becoming an agent for the sale of prizes and managing to amass a considerable fortune. He returned to Scotland where he settled at Sauchrie in Ayrshire. There he was a magistrate, Deputy-Lieutenant of the county and a road trustee, spending thirteen years there. In 1798 he moved to Falmouth in Devon, England, on his appointment as agent for revictualling of the Royal Navy in western ports.He continued the series of experiments started in Ayrshire on the construction of roads. From these he concluded that a road should be built on a raised foundation with drains formed on either side, and should be composed of a number of layers of hard stone broken into angular fragments of roughly cubical shape; the bottom layer would be larger rocks, with layers of progressively smaller rocks above, all bound together with fine gravel. This would become compacted and almost impermeable to water by the action of the traffic passing over it. In 1815 he was appointed Surveyor-General of Bristol's roads and put his theories to the test.In 1823 a Committee of the House of Commons was appointed to consider the use of "macadamized" roads in larger towns; McAdam gave evidence to this committee, and it voted to give him £10,000 for his past work. In 1827 he was appointed Surveyor-General of Roads and moved to Hoddesdon, Hertfordshire. From there he made yearly visits to Scotland and it was while returning from one of these that he died, at Moffat in the Scottish Borders. He had married twice, both times to American women; his first wife was the mother of all seven of his children.McAdam's method of road construction was much cheaper than that of Thomas Telford, and did much to ease travel and communications; it was therefore adopted by the majority of Turnpike Trusts in Britain, and the macadamization process quickly spread to other countries.[br]Bibliography1819. A Practical Essay on the Scientific Repair and Preservation of Roads.1820. Present State of Road-Making.Further ReadingR.Devereux, 1936, John Loudon McAdam: A Chapter from the History of Highways, London: Oxford University Press.IMcN
См. также в других словарях:
Falmouth — Falmouth, Cornwall, UK, is the original Falmouth.Falmouth may also mean:In the United States of America: *Falmouth, Florida *Falmouth, Indiana *Falmouth, Kentucky *Falmouth, Maine *Falmouth, Massachusetts **Falmouth (CDP), Massachusetts, a census … Wikipedia
Falmouth — ist der Name verschiedener Orte und einer Geige: in Großbritannien: Falmouth (Cornwall) in den Vereinigten Staaten: Falmouth (Florida) Falmouth (Illinois) Falmouth (Indiana) Falmouth (Kentucky) Falmouth (Massachusetts) Falmouth (Michigan)… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Falmouth — Saltar a navegación, búsqueda … Wikipedia Español
Falmouth — Falmouth, KY U.S. city in Kentucky Population (2000): 2058 Housing Units (2000): 988 Land area (2000): 1.287100 sq. miles (3.333574 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km) Total area (2000): 1.287100 sq. miles (3.333574 sq … StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places
Falmouth, KY — U.S. city in Kentucky Population (2000): 2058 Housing Units (2000): 988 Land area (2000): 1.287100 sq. miles (3.333574 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km) Total area (2000): 1.287100 sq. miles (3.333574 sq. km) FIPS… … StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places
Falmouth, MA — U.S. Census Designated Place in Massachusetts Population (2000): 4115 Housing Units (2000): 3088 Land area (2000): 2.065245 sq. miles (5.348960 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.175210 sq. miles (0.453793 sq. km) Total area (2000): 2.240455 sq. miles… … StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places
Falmouth, VA — U.S. Census Designated Place in Virginia Population (2000): 3624 Housing Units (2000): 1412 Land area (2000): 3.136000 sq. miles (8.122202 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.104669 sq. miles (0.271091 sq. km) Total area (2000): 3.240669 sq. miles… … StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places
Falmouth — [fal′məth] seaport & resort in Cornwall, SW England, on an inlet (Falmouth Bay) of the English Channel: pop. (1981 census) 19,000 … English World dictionary
Falmouth [1] — Falmouth (spr. Fallmauddh), 1) Stadt in der englischen Grafschaft Cornwall an der Mündung des Fal in den Kanal La Manche; Hafen von 2 Forts (Pendennis u. St. Mawes) vertheidigt; Handel, Stationsort der Paquetboote nach Portugal, Spanien u.… … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
Falmouth [2] — Falmouth (spr. Fallmauddh), Viscounttitel der Familie Boscawen von dem Städtchen F. in Cornwall. Bemerkenswerth sind: 1) Hugo, Sohn des 1685 verstorbenen Eduard von Boscawen, war vermählt mit Charlotte Godfrey, einer Nichte von Marlborough (st.… … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
Falmouth — (spr. fállmöth), 1) Stadt (municipal borough) an der Südküste der engl. Grafschaft Cornwall, auf der Westseite eines vorzüglichen Hafens (Carrick Roads), der sich 5 km weit ins Land erstreckt, und dessen Eingang das von Heinrich VIII. erbaute… … Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon
