758d

διά-λῠσις, εως, ἡ, ([etym.] διαλύω)

A separating, parting,

δ. τῆς ψυχῆς καὶ τοῦ σώματος Pl.Grg. 524b

; δ. τοῦ σώματος its dissolution, Id.Phd. 88b, cf. Democr.297; τὴν τῶν γεφυρῶν οὐ δ. the failure to break the bridges, Th.1.137; disbanding of troops, X.Cyr.6.1.3; breaking up of an assembly, opp. συλλογή, Pl.Lg. 758d; δ. ἀγορῆς the time of its breaking up, Hdt.3.104; τὴν δ. ἐποιήσαντο broke off the action, Th.1.51; χρεῶν δ. liquidation of debts, Pl.Lg. 684d, cf. POxy.104.20 (i A. D.), etc.;

δ. γάμου

divorce,

Plu.Sull.35

, etc.;

ἡ φθορὰ δ. οὐσίας Arist.Top. 153b31

: hence abs., dissolution, opp. σύνθεσις, Id.Cael. 304b29, cf. Thphr. Ign.37;

διάκρισις καὶ δ. Pl.Phlb. 32a

; opp. γένεσις, Phld.D.3.6; resolution into elements, e.g. of words into letters, D.H.Comp.14; dissolution of friendship, Arist.EN 1164a9, 1 165b36; of partnerships,

κοινωνίαι καὶ -σεις Pl.Lg. 632b

;

συμμαχία καὶ δ. Arist.Pol. 1298a5

.

2 ending, cessation,

κακῶν E.Ph. 435

;

πολέμου Th.4.19

, v.l. in Isoc.6.51: abs., cessation of hostilities, Com.Adesp.21.23 D.; settlement, compromise, IG12(2).6.20 (Mytilene, iv B.C.), PAmh.2.63.9 (iii A.D.), etc.: in pl., settlement of a dispute,

ἠξίου δὲ καὶ πρὸς ἔμ' αὑτῷ.. γίγνεσθαι τὰς διαλύσεις D.21.119

, cf. Phoenicid.1.

3 solution of a problem, A.D.Synt.243.11;

χρησμῶν Luc.Alex.49

.

4 refutation of an argument, S.E.P.2.238.

5 resolution of a diphthong: ἐν διαλύσει, = διαλελυμένως, A.D.Pron.29.13.

6 Rhet., asyndeton, Alex.Fig.2.12, etc.

7 discharge,

χορηγιῶν PRyl. 181.10

(iii A.D.);

τῶν χρεωστουμένων POxy.71.13

(iv A.D.).

8 deed of separation or divorce, PLips.39.10 (iv A.D.);

ἔγγραφος δ. PMasp.153.16

(vi A.D.).

9 division of inheritance, Sammelb. 6000.22 (vi A.D.), etc.

προκάθημαι, [dialect] Ion. [suff] προκαθηγ-κάτημαι, prop. [tense] pf. of προκαθέζομαι:—

A to be seated before, π. τοσοῦτο πρὸ τῆς ἄλλης Ἑλλάδος lie so far in front of Greece, of the Thessalians, Hdt.7.172.

2 c. gen., to be seated or lie before a place, so as to defend it,

ἐπὶ τῷ στόματι π. τῆς θαλάμης Arist. HA 550b5

: hence, generally, protect, defend, τῶν ἑωυτοῦ, Ἰώνων, Hdt.8.36, 9.106, cf. Th.8.76, X.HG5.2.4;

τῆς Ῥώμης Plb.2.24.15

, al.;

αἱ -καθήμεναι θεαὶ τῆς πόλεως SIG694.50

(Elaea, ii B. C.): rare in Poets, φυλακὴν.. στρατιᾶς π., of sentinels, E.Rh.6 (anap.).

II preside over,

τὸ προκαθήμενον τῆς πόλεως Pl.Lg. 758d

;

τοῦ πλήθους Arist. Pol. 1322b14

: metaph.,

γεύσεως ὄσφρησις π. Ph.1.603

.

2 abs., sit in public or preside, Plb.5.63.7, etc.;

οἱ π. ἄρχοντες Id.12.16.6

.

b sit at meals,

καθ' ἡλικίαν καὶ τιμήν Str.3.3.7

.

φῠλᾰκ-εύς, έως, ὁ, [dialect] Ep. for φύλαξ, [dialect] Ep. pl. φυλακῆες Opp.C.4.295. -ή, ἡ, ([etym.] φύλαξ)

A watching or guarding, esp. by night,

φυλακῆς μνήσασθε Il.7.371

; φυλακὰς ἔχειν keep watch and ward, 9.1, 471;

φ. κατέχειν E.Tr. 194

(lyr.); φυλακὴ ἔχει αὐτόν watching engages him, v.l. in Hes.Fr.188.4;

φ. νυκτερινή Ar.V.2

: prov., γυμνῷ φυλακὴν ἐπιτάττειν tell an unarmed man to stand on the defensive, i.e. to give commands that cannot be obeyed, Pherecr.144, cf. Philem.12;

περὶ φυλακῆς Εὐβοίας.. ἐπιμέλεσθαι IG12.39.76

; ὅπως ἀφανὴς εἴη ἡ φ. that there might be nothing visible to watch, Th.4.67;

φυλακὴν [τῶν τειχῶν] ἔρημον καταλιπεῖν Lycurg.17

; φυλακὰς φυλάξειν keep watch and ward, X.An.2.6.10, cf. Pl.Lg. 758d;

τὴν ἐν θαλάττῃ φ. φυλάττειν D.7.14

;

φ. ποιῆσαι X.An.5.7.31

;

τὴν φ. ποιεῖσθαι Lys.12.16

;

φυλακὰς ποιήσασθαι X.An.6.3.21

;

ἰσχυρὰς φ. ποιεῖσθαι Id.Cyr.1.6.37

; φυλακὰς καταστήσασθαι, κατασκευάσασθαι, Ar.Av. 841, X.HG7.2.23.

2 watch or guard, of persons, Pl.Prt. 321d (pl.), Act.Ap.12.10, etc.;

φ. ἑωυτοῦ ποιεύμενός [τινας] Hdt.2.154

; φ. τοῦ σώματος a body guard, D.23.3;

τῶν σωμάτων Din.1.9

;

φ. περὶ τὸ σῶμα X.Cyr.7.5.58

, cf. PHib.1.59.5 (iii B. C.), etc.; garrison of a place or fortress, Hdt.2.30; ἡ ἐν τῇ Ναυπάκτῳ φ., of a squadron of ships, Th.7.17, cf. X.HG1.1.22.

b the rank of φύλακες, Pl.R. 415c.

3 station, post, Il.10.408 (pl.), 416 (pl.), X.HG5.4.49;

φυλακὰς προλιπών E.Rh.18

(anap.); Διὸς φ., Pythag. name for the centre of the universe, Arist.Cael. 293b3.

4 of time, a watch of the night,

ἐπεὰν τῆς νυκτὸς ἦ δευτέρη φ. Hdt.9.51

; πρώτης φ. ἀρχομένης Wilcken Chr. 1 ii 18 (iii B. C.);

φυλακαῖσι νυκτέροισιν E.Rh. 765

;

φ. νυκτερινὰς καὶ ἡμερινὰς καθιστάναι X.Cyr.1.6.43

: of these there were three, acc. to Sch.E. Rh.5; but five are mentioned in Stesich.55, Simon.219 A, E.Rh. 543 (lyr.); and the Roman division was four, Ev.Matt.14.25, Suid.

5 place for keeping others in, ward, prison,

δημοσία φ. D.S.10.30

;

εἰς φυλακὴν βληθείς AP11.276

(Lucill.);

βαλεῖν τινὰ εἰς φ. Ev.Matt.18.30

, cf. Arr.Epict.1.1.24;

θέσθαι τινὰ ἐν φυλακῇ LXX Ge.40.3

, cf. Ev.Matt.14.3; πολιτικὴ φ. the town-prison, POxy.259.8 (i A. D.).

6 Astrol. = ταπείνωμα, PMich. in Class.Phil.22.22 (pl.).

II guarding, keeping, preserving, whether for security or custody,

ἐν φυλακῇ ἔχειν τινά Hdt.1.24

;

ἐν φ. ἀδέσμῳ ἔχειν τινά Th.3.34

;

ἐν φυλακῇσι μεγάλῃσι ἔχεσθαι Hdt.2.99

; τὸν Ἰσθμὸν ἔχειν ἐν φ. to keep the Isthmus guarded or occupied, Id.7.207, cf. 8.40; τὸν ἠνείκαντο γλώσσης χαρακτῆρα τοῦτον ἔχειν ἐν φ. to preserve the same character of language, Id.1.57;

ἔχειν νόον ἐν φ. Thgn.439

;

τὰ παρὰ πᾶσιν ἐν πλείστῃ φ., παῖδας καὶ γυναῖκας D.18.215

;

τὰ κατὰ τὸ στρατόπεδον διὰ φυλακῆς ἔχων Th.7.8

;

τὸν πλοῦν διὰ φ. ποιησάμενοι Id.8.39

; στόματος φυλακᾷ κατασχεῖν φθόγγον prob. in A.Ag. 236 (lyr.); ἐν φ. σχεθέμεν μεγάλᾳ be very ware of, Pi.P.4.75; φυλακὴν ἔχειν, = φυλάττεσθαι, keep guard, be on the watch,

περί τινα Hdt.1.39

; φ. ἔχων εἴ κως δυναίμην .. ib.38; φ. ἔχειν μή .. Th.2.69; φ. λαμβάνειν μή .. Men.Pk.20; δεινῶς ἦσαν ἐν φυλακῇσι were straitly on their guard, Hdt.3.152, cf. A.Pers. 592 (lyr.).

2 custody of property, Arist.Pol. 1309b6, EN 1120a9.

3 safeguard, τὴν μεγίστην φ. ἀνῄρηκε τῆς πόλεως its chief safeguard, And.4.19;

φ. παρέχειν Isoc.11.13

; δημοκρατίας, μοναρχίας φ., Lys.25.28, Arist. Pol. 1315a8.

III (from [voice] Med.) precaution,

πολλῆς φ. ἔργον Pl.R. 537d

;

φ. θαυμαστῆς δεομένη Id.Lg. 906a

, al., cf. Th.5.99.

2 c. gen., precaution against,

εὐλάβεια φ. κακοῦ Pl.Def. 413d

;

ὑποψίας φυλακὴν ποιήσασθαι Antipho 2.1.2

;

φ. τῶν πάντα μολυνόντων Epicur. Sent.Vat.80

, cf. 73.

φυλακή, ῆς, ἡ (φύλαξ, cp. φυλάσσω; Hom.+; ins, pap, LXX, En, TestSol, TestJos; JosAs 4:14; AscIs 2:13; EpArist, Philo, Joseph., Just., D. 131, 6 φ. ἀπὸ κρούους; Ath., R. 18 p. 70, 9 ἁπάντων φυλακήν τε καὶ πρόνοιαν; loanw. in rabb.) ‘watch, guard’.

① the act of guarding, guarding, in the expr. φυλάσσειν φυλακάς keep watch, do guard duty (X., An. 2, 6, 10; Pla., Leg. 6, 758d; Demosth. 7, 14; Plut., Mor. 198a; LXX.—B-D-F §153, 3) φυλ. φυλακὰς τῆς νυκτὸς ἐπὶ τὴν ποίμνην keep watch over the flock at night (s. φυλ. τῆς νυκτός 4 below) Lk 2:8.

② the act of guarding embodied in a pers., guard, sentinel (Hom. et al.; OGI 229, 96; 99; PGiss 19, 16; Jos., Bell. 6, 131) Ac 12:10 (the πρώτη and δευτέρα φ. as first and second sentinel, as Arrian, Anab. 3, 18, 6).

③ the place where guarding is done, prison (in sg. and pl. Hdt., Thu. et al.; OGI 90, 13; 669, 17; pap, LXX; Jos., Vi. 178) οἶκος φυλακῆς B 14:7 (Is 42:7). Also simply φυλακή (TestJos 1:6) Mt 14:10; 25:36, 39, 43f; Mk 6:27; Lk 22:33; Ac 5:19, 22 (on prison escapes s. the lit. cited RPervo, Profit w. Delight ’87, 147 n. 15; s. also ἀνοίγω 1); 12:6, 17; 16:27, 39 D, 40; Hb 11:36. The pl. of several prisons (Appian, Bell. Civ. 4, 17 §65) Lk 21:12; Ac 22:4; 26:10; 2 Cor 6:5; 11:23; Hv 3, 2, 1. βάλλειν τινὰ εἰς φυλακήν (βάλλω 2; cp. JosAs 4:14 ἐνέβαλεν αὐτὸν εἰς τὴν φ.) throw someone into prison Mt 18:30 (s. PSchmidt, Die Gesch. Jesu II 1904, 326f); Lk 12:58; Ac 16:23f, 37; Rv 2:10. Pass. Mt 5:25; Lk 23:25; J 3:24; cp. Lk 23:19. παραδιδόναι εἰς φ. (Diod S 11, 40, 3 παρέδωκαν εἰς φ.; 12, 31, 2; 17, 32, 2; OGI 669, 15) Ac 8:3; cp. Lk 21:12. τίθεσθαι εἰς φ. (cp. PEleph 12, 2 [III B.C.]) Ac 12:4. ἐν (τῇ) φυλακῇ τίθεσθαι Mt 14:3 v.l.; Ac 5:25; ἀποτίθεσθαι Mt 14:3; δῆσαι Mk 6:17; κατακλείειν Lk 3:20; Ac 26:10. τηρεῖν pass. 12:5. Of the nether world or its place of punishment (πνεῦμα 2 and 4c) 1 Pt 3:19 (BReicke, The Disobedient Spirits and Christian Baptism ’46, 116f). It is in a φ. in the latter sense that Satan will be rendered harmless during the millennium Rv 20:7. The fallen city of Babylon becomes a φυλακή haunt for all kinds of unclean spirits and birds 18:2ab.

④ one of the periods of time into which the night was divided, a watch of the night (Hdt. 9, 51 al.; Diod S 14, 24, 4 δευτέρα φ.; Arrian, Anab. 6, 25, 5 φυλακὴ τῆς νυκτός; PPetr II, 45 II, 18 [246 B.C.] πρώτης φυλακῆς ἀρχομένης; LXX; Joseph.). Our lit. reflects the Rom. custom of dividing the time betw. 6 P.M. and 6 A.M. into four equal periods or watches (assigned pers. were responsible for security during each period) Mt 14:25; Mk 6:48 (Diod S 19, 26, 1 περὶ δευτέραν φυλακήν; Jos., Ant. 18, 356 περὶ τετάρτην φυλακήν; for περί s. also the Freiburg pap 76, 7 [II B.C.]: UWilcken, Deissmann Festschr. 1927, 10ff ln. 9f περὶ πρώτην φυλακὴν τ. νυκτός). Cp. Mt 24:43; Lk 12:38 (here perh. we are to think of only three night-watches, as among the Hebrews and Greeks [s. Jülicher, Gleichn. 168]: thus Diod, S. 19, 38, 3; Polyaenus 4, 8, 4; Jos., Bell. 5, 510). (Mk 13:35 uses the popular designations ὀψέ 2, μεσονύκτιον, ἀλεκτοροφωνία, πρωί̈; s. these entries.)—B. 1451. DELG s.v. φύλαξ. M-M. TW.