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1 service
Glossaire des termes pour l'organisation d'événements > service
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2 bec-de-corbin
m1) bird's-beak moulding GB2) bird's-beak molding USA3) bird's-beak4) beak molding USA5) beak moulding GB* * *mDictionnaire d'ingénierie, d'architecture et de construction > bec-de-corbin
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3 SG
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4 côte des lagunes
Dictionnaire français-anglais de géographie > côte des lagunes
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5 descente pluviale
Architecture française et le dictionnaire de construction > descente pluviale
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6 citron
I.n. m. 'Bean', 'brainbox', head. Avoir mal au citron: To have a splitting headache. Se creuser le citron: To rack one's brains.II.n. f. (corr. Citroën): Une citron: A Citroën motor car. Il a toujours roulé en citron, maintenant il a une deux-pattes: He's always been a Citroën addict, and now he's running a 2CV. -
7 dans une banque: stratégiste
Dictionnaire juridique, politique, économique et financier > dans une banque: stratégiste
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8 bravade
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9 TNP
abr nm Théâtre national populaire* * *TNP nm (abbr = Théâtre national populaire) state-funded theatre in France.le TNP the French National Theatre (based at the Palais de Chaillot in Paris until 1972 and at Villeurbanne near Lyon since then) -
10 union
union [ynjɔ̃]1. feminine nounb. ( = mariage) unionc. ( = groupe) association2. compounds* * *ynjɔ̃1) ( alliance) union2) ( association) association3) ( mariage) union sout, marriage4) Mathématique union•Phrasal Verbs:••l'union fait la force — Proverbe united we stand, divided we fall
* * *ynjɔ̃ nf* * *union nf1 ( alliance) union; union du corps et de l'âme union of mind and body; l'union politique européenne European political union;2 ( association) association; union de consommateurs consumers' association; union de producteurs association of producers;3 ( mariage) union sout, marriage; de cette union allaient naître trois fils from this union ou marriage three sons would come;4 Math union; ‘A union B’ ‘A union B’.union douanière Écon, Fisc customs union; union économique et monétaire Écon, Fin economic and monetary union; union libre cohabitation; union mystique Relig mystic union; union sacrée united front; former l'union sacrée contre to present a united front against; union sportive, US sports club; Union européenne, UE European Union, EU; Union des Républiques socialistes soviétiques Hist Union of Soviet Socialist Republics; Union soviétique Hist Soviet Union.l'union fait la force Prov united we stand, divided we fall.[ynjɔ̃] nom féminina. [être solidaires] to show ou to present a united front4. [liaison entre un homme et une femme] union6. GÉOGRAPHIEl'Union soviétique ou des républiques socialistes soviétiques the Soviet Union, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics -
11 berge
n. f. Year. (For obvious reasons, the word is nearly always encountered in the plural. Maurice Chevalier, 1888-1972, in the song 'A 75 berges' increased that word's popularity with a very personal celebration of his 75th birthday.) -
12 Chaban-Delmas, Jacques
(1915-2000)Conservative prime minister of France, 1969 - 1972. Chaban Delmas was a wartime leader in the French Resistance movement, who entered politics in the days of the Fourth Republic. At this time, he was a Radical and a Social Republican. He was a minister in the centre-left coalition government of Pierre Mendès-France in 1954-55 and minister of Defence in the Radical Socialist Gaillard government 1957-8. He then rallied to the Gaullist movement in 1958, though was mistrusted by many leading Gaullists, and did not serve as minister during the De Gaulle presidencies, though was elected leader of the National Assembly. He was appointed prime minister by Georges Pompidou. As well as his national duties, Chaban-Delmas was also Mayor of Bordeaux for 48 years, from 1947 to 1995, and also Député for the city - a classic example of cumul des mandats.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Chaban-Delmas, Jacques
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13 Front National
, FNExtreme right-wing and xenophobic political party, founded by Jean Marie Le Pen in 1972. The party is strongly Eurosceptic, anti-immigration, and traditionalist; party members, including Le Pen, have been prosecuted for racist remarks, negationism, and the downplaying of war-crimes.The Front National has been a significant force in French politics since the 1980's, particularly where they have been aided by proportional representation. They won 10 seats at the European Parliament in 1984, and then 35 seats in the French general election of 1986, after François Mitterrand introduced a degree of proportional representation into the voting system. PR was quickly dropped again after this, and the FN has never since had more than a single Député. However, in European elections, where PR has remained, the FN has continued to pick up seats, most recently with 7 in the 2004 election.In 1995, the Front National won municipal elections in three towns in the south of France, Orange, Vitrolles and Marignane, in "triangular" second rounds for which neither the socialists (PS) nor the main conservative party would withdraw their candidates.Perhaps the FN's most visible success was that of its leader, Jean-Marie Le Pen, in the 2002 Presidential election, when he obtained second place in the first round, thus securing a place in the runoff. It is interesting to note that in this second round, which was a massive victory for Jacques Chirac, le Pen took less than 1% more of the vote than in the first round.The high profile of the FN in French politics surprises many foreign observers, but it is not really a surprise in a country with a fragmented party political structure. France's biggest mainstream political parties have a tradition of instrumentalising whatever means possible in order to damage their opponents, and for a long time French left-wing parties have sought to portray the Front National as the natural ally of other conservative parties. Yet by blurring the distinction between this far right party other mainstream conservative parties, they paradoxically helped to legitimise the FN. Mitterrand's introduction of PR into the voting system for general elections in 1984, which propelled the FN into the limelight, was actually intended to stop the mainstream conservative parties from winning. The policy backfired, since the conservatives won anyway, and the FN obtained its own "group" in the French parliament.Currently (2008) the FN is in decline. The party has lost voters to other right-wing parties, and has had to sell off its flagship headquarters building in Neuilly-sur-Seine, in order to pay its debts. See Political Parties in FranceDictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Front National
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14 Le Pen, Jean-Marie
(adj Lepéniste)Born 1928.Founder and long-time leader of the right-wing Front National (FN) (National Front) party. In his youth, le Pen was involved with a number of extreme right-wing youth movements, and enjoyed a reputation as a brawler. A lawyer by training, le Pen served with the Foreign Legion in Algeria during the war for Algerian independence. He was first elected to the French parliament in 1956, at the age of 28, on a right-wing populist ticket. In 1972, his rise to national prominence began after he created the National Front party. Campaigning on an anti-immigration and anti-European Union platform, the FN picked up seats in municipal, regional, parliamentary and European elections. Le Pen himself was elected to the European parliament in 1984; then in 1986 he was re-elected to the French National Assembly, along with 33 other FN deputies, when proportional representation was (briefly) introduced into the election process. Since 1994, he has always been reelected to the European Parliament.Le Pen's most remarkable achievement, however, was in 2002, when, as a candidate in the Presidential election, he scored 16.86% of the vote, becoming one of the two candidates to go through to the second round - where he lost heavily to Jacques Chirac..During his turbulent life, Le Pen has had a number of run-ins with the law, including the following examples and several more. In 1971 he was found guilty of "apologies for war crimes". In 1987 he received the first of several condemnations for inciting racial hatred. In the same year, he caused outrage by sugggesting that the Auschwitz gas chambers were merely "a detail of history". In 1991 he was condemned for "banalising crimes against humanity". In 2008 he was condemned to a suspended prison sentence for apologising for war crimes and denying crimes against humanity.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Le Pen, Jean-Marie
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15 Marchais, Georges
(1920-1997)First secretary of the French Communist Party (PCF) from 1972 to 1994. Marchais was very much a mainstream politician in France; when he took over the party, it was the biggest political party of the left in rench politics, and attracted the votes of about 20% of the French electorate. In the ensuing years, the PCF was overtaken by the rise of the new Socialist Party, led by François Mitterrand, and Marchais could do little or nothing to stop the decline. Though he admitted that the French Communist Party had been "stalinist" in its past, he did little to modernise it. A member of the French parliament from 1973 to 1997, and also MEP from 1979 to 1989 (Seecumul des mandats), he was never a minister, in spite of the Communists' participation in the Left wing union ( Union de la Gauche) government from 1982 to1984.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Marchais, Georges
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16 Messmer, Pierre
(1916 - 2007)Prime minister of France 1972 - 1974 under President Pompidou. A historic figure of the Gaullist movement, and former colonial administrator, Messmer was de Gaulle's second-closest adviser. On the traditionalist wing of the Gaullist movement, he was Minister of the Armies at the time of the Algerian war of independence.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Messmer, Pierre
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17 Point, Le
Popular French weekly newsmagazine, founded in 1972 by a breakaway group of journalists from L'Express (q.v.). Very similar in presentation and look to l'Express, it is now established as one of the leading French political and general interest weeklies. In political terms it is centre-right, and in recent years has been a strident voice in favour of major reforms in French society and the economy.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Point, Le
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18 Union de la Gauche
Alliance (1972 - 1977) of the main left-wing political parties, notably the Socialists and the Communists, that led to the election in 1981 of François Mitterrand to the presidency, and the election of a left-wing government, after 23 years of right-wing domination of the Fifth Republic.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Union de la Gauche
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19 AFNIL
L’AFNIL (Agence francophone pour la numérotation internationale du livre) attribue depuis 1972 les listes de numéros ISBN (international standard book number) et de codes-barres EAN (European article number) aux éditeurs basés en France, en Belgique et dans les pays d’Afrique francophone. L’AFNIL distribue gratuitement un numéro ISBN aux livres soumis au dépôt légal et aux publications assimilées (numéros séparés de publications périodiques, tirés à part, documents multimédias éducatifs, etc.). -
20 ethernet
L’ethernet est un protocole de réseau local développé dès 1972 par PARC (Palo Alto Research Center), le centre Xerox de la Silicon Valley (Californie), sous plateforme Unix, afin de partager des fichiers, des programmes et des périphériques. La première version date de 1979. Xerox s’associe ensuite avec DEC et Intel pour les phases de développement suivantes. L’ethernet est la technologie la plus utilisée pour l’utilisation de l’internet à débit rapide dans un LAN (local area network), avec un débit de 10 Mbps (mégabits par seconde).
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