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1 ὀρθός
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `upright, straight, right, true' (Il.).Compounds: As 1. member in several compp., e.g. ὀρθό-κραιρα s. κραῖρα, ὀρθό-μαντις, - πολις (Pi.; Sommer Nominalkomp. 184 a. 174), ὀρθο-στάτης m. `column standing upright etc.' (Att. inscr., E.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 49 a. 200); rarely as 2. member, e.g. ἔξ-ορθος `upright' (Ath.), backformation from ἐξ-ορθόω (Pl.).Derivatives: 1. ὄρθ-ιος (- ιο- formally enlarging) `upright, steep, going up, shrill, loud, arranged in columns' (Λ 11; on the difference of meaning against ὀρθός Chantraine Form. 37) with ὀρθ-ίαξ m. (- ίας H.) m. `the lower part of the mast' (Epich.), - ιάζω `to cry loudly' (A.), - ιάσματα pl. `high pitch' (Ar.), also `to raise' ( APl.), - ίασις f. `erection' (medic.); - ιάω = - όω (gloss., sch.). 2. ὀρθ-ηλός `tall, straight' (hell. inscr.; after υΏψηλός), also - ηρός `id.' (pap. Ia), 3. ὀρθέσιον ὄρθιον, μακρόν, ὀξύ, μέγα H. (cf. θεσπέσιος a.o.). 4. Όρθάννης (Pl. Com., inscr.), - ν- (Phot., H.) m. name of a Priapus-like demon (- νν- hypocor. gemination; cf. Έργ-άνη a.o.). 5. ὀρθότης f. `upright, straight position, rightness' (IA.); - οσύνη f. `(up)rightness' (Democr.; Wyss 62). 6. Denominative verbs: a) ὀρθόω, - ῶσαι, often w. prefix, esp. δι-, κατ-, ἀν-, `to raise, to straighten, to improve, to succeed' (Il.) with ( δι-, κατ-, ἀν-) όρθωσις f. `the raising etc.' (Hp., Arist.), δι-, κατ-, ἀπ-όρθωμα n. `(implement for) raising, right act etc.' (Hp., Arist.), δι-, κατ-ορθωτής m. `improver etc.' (LXX), ὀρθωτήρ m. `raiser, upholder' (Pi.), δι-, κατ-ορθωτικός `improving, successful' (Arist.); b) ( δι-)ορθεύω = ( δι-)ορθόω (E.). 7. Surname of Artemis: (Ϝ)ορθαία ( Ϝωρ-, - θεία, - θέα, - θία) f. (Lac. a. Arcad. inscr. since VIa, X., Plu.); Ϝορθασία (Lac. a. Arc. inscr. since Va), ὀρθωσία (Pi., Hdt., Meg. inscr.); s. Kretschmer Glotta 30, 155f. (w. very doubtful explanation; cf. on it v. Wilamowitz Glaube 1, 183, Nilsson Gr. Rel. 1, 487ff.), Risch Mus.Helv. 11, 29 n. 41 w. lit.; compare Venet. Reitia (Haas Sprache 2, 224).Etymology: Since long ὀρθός from *ϜορθϜός (cf. βορσόν σταυρόν. Ήλεῖοι H.) is identified with Skt. ūrdhvá- `raised, high'; the phonetic details are however debated and many times discussed, s. Schwyzer 363 w. lit. a. 301, also WP. 1, 289f. (Pok. 1167); cf. esp. ὀργ-ή: ūrj-ā́; ūrdhvá- for *ūrdhá- after r̥ṣvá- `high' ? (Otrębski Ling. Posn. 5, 175). Lat. arduus `high, steep', OIr. ard `high, great' as also Av. ǝrǝdva- `high' are unclear (s. W.-Hofmann s.v.); at least the Lat. a. Celt. words might have to be connected diff. (WP. 1, 148f., Pok. 339). Old inherited ὀρθός = ūrdhvá- belong to a verb, which is preserved in Skt. várdhati `raise, make grow' and in Av. varǝd- `id.' From the other IE languages, notably from Balto-Slav. and Germ., several isolated verbal nouns and diff. formed verbal forms have been adduced; s. the lit. and Bq s. v.; cf. also on ὄρθρος.Page in Frisk: 2,415-416Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὀρθός
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2 ὄρθρος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `time before daybreak, the time of cock-crow, first dawn', later `the beginning day, morning' (h. Merc. 98, Hes. Op. 577; on the meaning Wackernagel Unt. 193).Compounds: Some compp., e.g. ὀρθρο-βόας m. "morning-caller", denom. of the cock (AP; cf. on ἠϊ-κανός), τὸ περί-ορθρον `dawn' (Th., Hdn.).Derivatives: 1. Adj. ὄρθρ-ιος `belonging to ὄ., happening at ὄ.' (h. Merc. 143), Όρθρία f. name of a goddess (Schwenn RhM 86, 298); - ινός `id.' (Arat., LXX, AP, cf. ἑωθ-ινός a.o.), - ίδιος `id.' (AP: ἀΐδιος a.o.); comp. forms ὀρθριαί-τερος, - τατος (Hdn.), adv. also ὀρθρί-τερον (pap.) after πρωΐ-, ὀψί-τερον (Schwyzer 534, Radermacher Festschr. Kretschmer 154ff.). 2. Verbs: a) ὀρθρ-εύω, - ομαι `to be sleepless, awake in the early morning' (E., Theoc.) with the backformation Ὄρθρος m. name of a mythical dog (Hes. Th. 309; Kretschmer Glotta 13, 270), with ἐπ- also `to be up early' (D. Chr., Luc.); b) - ίζω `id.' (LXX, Ev. Luc.) with ( ἑπ-)ορθρισμός m. (Aq, Plu.).Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [cf. 1167]Etymology: Already the meaning `time before daybreak, first light of the morning' is not favourable to the old connection to Lat. ( sol) oriens, ortus m. `rise (of a star)'; if Ϝορθ-αγορίσκος stands for *Ϝορθρ- (cf. s.v.), this explanation is definitely impossible. Then ὄρθρος can better be connected with ὀρθός a. cogn., with which esp. the Slavic cognates, e.g. OCS ranъ `ὄρθριος' Russ. ráno `early' are remarkable. The supposed suffixdiff. in ranъ from *u̯rōdh-no- and ὄρθ-ρος has been explained from an old interchange n: r [which does not seem very probable]. Thus ὄρθρος would be prop. "the growing (of the daylight)" after the dark of midnight, what would agree better with the orig. use of ὄρθρος. -- Lit. s. on ὀρθός (after J. Schmidt KZ 33. 456f., Lidén GHÅ 5 [1899] 23f.); Benveniste Origines 19.Page in Frisk: 2,416-417Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὄρθρος
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