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1 Zwickau
geography• Zwickau -
2 Zwickau
География: (г.) Цвиккау (ФРГ) -
3 Zwickau
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4 zwickau
(0) цвиккау -
5 Zwickau
Цвиккау Город в Германии, земля Саксония, на р. Цвиккауэр-Мульде. 119 тыс. жителей (1992). Автостроение; электротехническая, химическая, легкая промышленность. -
6 Zwickau, Germany
s.Zwickau, Alemania. -
7 Zwickau Prophets
Религия: родоначальники анабаптистов, (An early sect of Anabaptists who sought to establish a Christian commonwelth) Цвиккауские пророки -
8 Zwickau Prophets (An early sect of Anabaptists who sought to establish a Christian commonwelth)
Религия: Цвиккауские пророкиУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > Zwickau Prophets (An early sect of Anabaptists who sought to establish a Christian commonwelth)
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9 Zwickau prophets
Westminster dictionary of theological terms > Zwickau prophets
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10 Abecedarian (Any member of the Zwickau Prophets group)
Религия: пророк из ЦвикауУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > Abecedarian (Any member of the Zwickau Prophets group)
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11 Wolf, Carl
SUBJECT AREA: Mining and extraction technology[br]b. 23 December 1838 Zwickau, Saxony, Germanyd. 30 January 1915 Zwickau, Saxony, Germany[br]German inventor of the most popular petroleum spirit safety lamp for use in mines.[br]From an old mining family in the Saxon coalfields, Wolf was aware from his youth of the urgent demand for a miner's lamp which would provide adequate light but not provoke firedamp explosions. While working as an engineer in Zwickau, Wolf spent his spare time conducting experiments for such a lamp. The basic concept of his invention was the principle that dangerous concentrations of methane and air would not explode within a small pipe; this had been established almost seventy years earlier by the English chemist Humphrey Davy. By combining and developing certain devices designed by earlier inventors, in 1883 Wolf produced a prototype with a glass cylinder, a primer fixed inside the lamp and a magnetic lock. Until the successful application of electric light, Wolfs invention was the safest and most popular mining safety lamp. Many earlier inventions had failed to address all the problems of lighting for mines; Davy's lamp, for example, would too quickly become sooty and hot. As Wolfs lamp burned petroleum spirit, at first it was mistrusted outside Saxony, but it successfully passed the safety tests in all the leading coal-producing countries at that time. As well as casting a safe, constant light, the appearance of the cap flame could indicate the concentration of fire-damp in the air, thus providing an additional safety measure. Wolfs first patent was soon followed by many others in several countries, and underwent many developments. In 1884 Heinrich Friemann, a merchant from Eisleben, invested capital in the new company of Friemann and Wolf, which became the leading producer of miners' safety lamps. By 1914 they had manufactured over one million lamps, and the company had branches in major mining districts worldwide.[br]Further ReadingF.Schwarz, 1914, Entwickelung und gegenwär-tiger Stand der Grubenbeleuchtung beim Steinkohlen-Bergbau, Gelsenkirchen (a systematic historical outline of safety lamp designs).WK -
12 abecedarian
Религия: (Any member of the Zwickau Prophets group) пророк из Цвикау -
13 Цвиккауские пророки
♦ ( ENG Zwickau prophets)анабаптисты, изгнанные из Цвиккау и пришедшие в Виттенберг (1521). Они уделяли большое внимание эсхатологии, отрицали крещение младенцев и профессиональное священство. Были вынуждены покинуть Виттенберг в 1522.Westminster dictionary of theological terms > Цвиккауские пророки
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14 Agricola, Georgius (Georg Bauer)
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 24 March 1494 Glauchau, Saxonyd. 21 November 1555 Chemnitz, Germany[br]German metallurgist, who wrote the book De Re Metallica under the latinized version of his name.[br]Agricola was a physician, scientist and metallurgist of note and it was this which led to the publication of De Re Metallica. He studied at Leipzig University and between 1518 and 1522 he was a school teacher in Zwickau. Eventually he settled as a physician in Chemnitz. Later he continued his medical practice at Joachimstal in the Erzgebirge. This town was newly built to serve the mining community in what was at the time the most important ore-mining field in both Germany and Europe.As a physician in the sixteenth century he would naturally have been concerned with the development of medicines, which would have led him to research the medical properties of ores and base metals. He studied the mineralogy of his area, and the mines, and the miners who were working there. He wrote several books in Latin on geology and mineralogy. His important work during that period was a glossary of mineralogical and mining terms in both Latin and German. It is, however, De Re Metallica for which he is best known. This large volume contains twelve books which deal with mining and metallurgy, including an account of glassmaking. Whilst one can understand the text of this book very easily, the quality of the illustrative woodcuts should not be neglected. These illustrations detail the mines, furnaces, forges and the plant associated with them, unfortunately the name of the artist is unknown. The importance of the work lies in the fact that it is an assemblage of information on all the methods and practices current at that time. The book was clearly intended as a textbook of mining and mineralogy and as such it would have been brought to England by German engineers when they were employed by the Mines Royal in the Keswick area in the late sixteenth century. In addition to his studies in preparation for De Re Metallica, Agricola was an "adventurer" holding shares in the Gottesgab mine in the Erzegebirge.[br]Principal Honours and Distinctions Bibliography1556, De Re Metallica, Basel; 1912, trans. H. Hoover and L.H.Hoover, London.KMBiographical history of technology > Agricola, Georgius (Georg Bauer)
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