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1 hold
[həuld] 1. pt, pp held, vt( in hand) trzymać; ( contain) mieścić (pomieścić perf); qualifications posiadać; power, permit, opinion mieć; meeting, conversation odbywać (odbyć perf); prisoner, hostage przetrzymywać (przetrzymać perf)to hold sb responsible/liable — obarczać (obarczyć perf) kogoś odpowiedzialnością
to get hold of ( fig) — object, information zdobywać (zdobyć perf) +acc; person łapać (złapać perf) +acc (inf)
to get hold of o.s. — brać (wziąć perf) się w garść
to hold firm/fast — trzymać się mocno
he holds the view that … — jest zdania, że …
I don't hold with … — nie popieram +gen
hold still, hold steady — nie ruszaj się
Phrasal Verbs:- hold off- hold on- hold out- hold up2. viglue etc trzymać (mocno); argument etc zachowywać (zachować perf) ważność, pozostawać w mocy; offer, invitation być aktualnym; luck, weather utrzymywać się (utrzymać się perf); ( TEL) czekać (zaczekać perf)3. n( grasp) chwyt m; (of ship, plane) ładownia f* * *I 1. [həuld] past tense, past participle - held; verb1) (to have in one's hand(s) or between one's hands: He was holding a knife; Hold that dish with both hands; He held the little boy's hand; He held the mouse by its tail.) trzymać2) (to have in a part, or between parts, of the body, or between parts of a tool etc: He held the pencil in his teeth; She was holding a pile of books in her arms; Hold the stamp with tweezers.) trzymać3) (to support or keep from moving, running away, falling etc: What holds that shelf up?; He held the door closed by leaning against it; Hold your hands above your head; Hold his arms so that he can't struggle.) trzymać, przytrzymywać4) (to remain in position, fixed etc when under strain: I've tied the two pieces of string together, but I'm not sure the knot will hold; Will the anchor hold in a storm?) wytrzymywać5) (to keep (a person) in some place or in one's power: The police are holding a man for questioning in connection with the murder; He was held captive.) zatrzymać6) (to (be able to) contain: This jug holds two pints; You can't hold water in a handkerchief; This drawer holds all my shirts.) (po)mieścić7) (to cause to take place: The meeting will be held next week; We'll hold the meeting in the hall.) odbywać8) (to keep (oneself), or to be, in a particular state or condition: We'll hold ourselves in readiness in case you send for us; She holds herself very erect.) trzymać się9) (to have or be in (a job etc): He held the position of company secretary for five years.) zajmować stanowisko10) (to think strongly; to believe; to consider or regard: I hold that this was the right decision; He holds me (to be) responsible for everyone's mistakes; He is held in great respect; He holds certain very odd beliefs.) uważać że, utrzymywać, mieć11) (to continue to be valid or apply: Our offer will hold until next week; These rules hold under all circumstances.) być aktualnym, obowiązywać12) ((with to) to force (a person) to do something he has promised to do: I intend to hold him to his promises.) zmusić do dotrzymania (obietnicy)13) (to defend: They held the castle against the enemy.) bronić14) (not to be beaten by: The general realized that the soldiers could not hold the enemy for long.) powstrzymać15) (to keep (a person's attention): If you can't hold your pupils' attention, you can't be a good teacher.) utrzymywać16) (to keep someone in a certain state: Don't hold us in suspense, what was the final decision?) przetrzymać17) (to celebrate: The festival is held on 24 June.) obchodzić18) (to be the owner of: He holds shares in this company.) posiadać19) ((of good weather) to continue: I hope the weather holds until after the school sports.) utrzymywać się20) ((also hold the line) (of a person who is making a telephone call) to wait: Mr Brown is busy at the moment - will you hold or would you like him to call you back?) czekać (przy telefonie)21) (to continue to sing: Please hold that note for four whole beats.) trzymać22) (to keep (something): They'll hold your luggage at the station until you collect it.) przechowywać23) ((of the future) to be going to produce: I wonder what the future holds for me?) gotować2. noun1) (the act of holding: He caught/got/laid/took hold of the rope and pulled; Keep hold of that rope.) chwyt2) (power; influence: He has a strange hold over that girl.) wpływ3) ((in wrestling etc) a manner of holding one's opponent: The wrestler invented a new hold.) chwyt•- - holder- hold-all
- get hold of
- hold back
- hold down
- hold forth
- hold good
- hold it
- hold off
- hold on
- hold out
- hold one's own
- hold one's tongue
- hold up
- hold-up
- hold with II [həuld] noun((in ships) the place, below the deck, where cargo is stored.) ładownia -
2 veto
['viːtəu] 1. pl vetoes, n 2. vtto put a veto on — zakładać (założyć perf) or stawiać (postawić perf) weto wobec +gen
* * *['vi:təu] 1. 3rd person singular present tense - vetoes; verb(to forbid, or refuse to consent to: They vetoed your suggestion.) sprzeciwić się2. noun((also power of veto) the power or right to refuse or forbid: the chairman's (power of) veto.) weto, sprzeciw -
3 control
[kən'trəul] 1. vtcountry sprawować władzę w +loc; organization sprawować kontrolę nad +instr, kierować +instr; machinery, process sterować +instr; wages, prices kontrolować; one's emotions panować nad +instr; fire, disease opanowywać (opanować perf)2. n( of country) władza f; (of organization, stocks) kontrola f; (also: control group) grupa f kontrolnato take control of — przejmować (przejąć perf) kontrolę nad +instr
to be in control of — panować nad +instr
to get out of control — wymykać się (wymknąć się perf) spod kontroli
- controls* * *[kən'trəul] 1. noun1) (the right of directing or of giving orders; power or authority: She has control over all the decisions in that department; She has no control over that dog.) władza2) (the act of holding back or restraining: control of prices; I know you're angry but you must not lose control (of yourself).) opanowanie3) ((often in plural) a lever, button etc which operates (a machine etc): The clutch and accelerator are foot controls in a car.) dźwignia, pokrętło itp.4) (a point or place at which an inspection takes place: passport control.) punkt kontroli2. verb1) (to direct or guide; to have power or authority over: The captain controls the whole ship; Control your dog!) kierować, nadzorować2) (to hold back; to restrain (oneself or one's emotions etc): Control yourself!) panować nad sobą3) (to keep to a fixed standard: The government is controlling prices.) sterować, regulować•- control-tower
- in control of
- in control
- out of control
- under control -
4 mind
[maɪnd] 1. n 2. vt(attend to, look after) doglądać +gen; ( be careful of) uważać na +acc; ( object to) mieć coś przeciwko +datdo you mind if I smoke? — czy nie będzie Panu/Pani przeszkadzało, jeżeli zapalę?
to keep/bear sth in mind — pamiętać o czymś
to change one's mind — zmieniać (zmienić perf) zdanie, rozmyślić się ( perf)
to have sb/sth in mind — mieć kogoś/coś na myśli
to bring/call sth to mind — przywodzić (przywieść perf) coś na myśl
I don't mind — ( when choosing) wszystko jedno; ( when offered drink etc) chętnie
mind you, … — zwróć uwagę, że …
"mind the step" — "uwaga stopień"
* * *1.(the power by which one thinks etc; the intelligence or understanding: The child already has the mind of an adult.) umysł2. verb1) (to look after or supervise (eg a child): mind the baby.) pilnować2) (to be upset by; to object to: You must try not to mind when he criticizes your work.) przejmować się, mieć przeciwko3) (to be careful of: Mind (= be careful not to trip over) the step!) uważać4) (to pay attention to or obey: You should mind your parents' words/advice.) zważać na3. interjection(be careful!: Mind! There's a car coming!) Uważaj!- - minded- mindful
- mindless
- mindlessly
- mindlessness
- mindreader
- at/in the back of one's mind
- change one's mind
- be out of one's mind
- do you mind!
- have a good mind to
- have half a mind to
- have a mind to
- in one's mind's eye
- in one's right mind
- keep one's mind on
- know one's own mind
- make up one's mind
- mind one's own business
- never mind
- on one's mind
- put someone in mind of
- put in mind of
- speak one's mind
- take/keep one's mind off
- to my mind -
5 amplifier
['æmplɪfaɪə(r)]n* * *noun (a piece of equipment for increasing the strength or power-level of electric currents especially so as to increase loudness: You need a new amplifier for your stereo equipment.) wzmaczniacz -
6 choice
[tʃɔɪs] 1. n( selection) wybór m; ( option) możliwość f (do wyboru); ( person preferred) typ m, kandydat m2. adjby/from choice — z wyboru
* * *[ ois]1) (an act or the power of choosing: You have no choice - you must do it.) wybór2) (a thing chosen: Which car was your original choice?) wybór -
7 come
[kʌm]1) ( movement towards) ( on foot) przychodzić (przyjść perf); ( by car etc) przyjeżdżać (przyjechać perf)3) ( reach)to come to — sięgać (sięgnąć perf) or dochodzić (dojść perf) do +gen
to come to power — obejmować (objąć perf) władzę
to come to a decision — podejmować (podjąć perf) decyzję
4) ( occur)5) (be, become)Phrasal Verbs:- come by- come in- come off- come on- come out- come to- come up* * *1. past tense - came; verb1) (to move etc towards the person speaking or writing, or towards the place being referred to by him: Come here!; Are you coming to the dance?; John has come to see me; Have any letters come for me?) przyjść2) (to become near or close to something in time or space: Christmas is coming soon.) nadchodzić3) (to happen or be situated: The letter `d' comes between `c' and è' in the alphabet.) następować4) ((often with to) to happen (by accident): How did you come to break your leg?) stawać się5) (to arrive at (a certain state etc): What are things coming to? We have come to an agreement.) dochodzić6) ((with to) (of numbers, prices etc) to amount (to): The total comes to 51.) czynić2. interjection(expressing disapproval, drawing attention etc: Come, come! That was very rude of you!) Ale ale!, Ejże!, NO no!- comer- coming
- comeback
- comedown
- come about
- come across
- come along
- come by
- come down
- come into one's own
- come off
- come on
- come out
- come round
- come to
- come to light
- come upon
- come up with
- come what may
- to come -
8 day
[deɪ]n( as opposed to night) dzień m; ( twenty-four hours) doba f, dzień m; ( heyday) czas m, dni plthe day before/after — poprzedniego/następnego dnia, dzień wcześniej/później
(on) the day that … — w dniu, kiedy …
* * *[dei] 1. noun1) (the period from sunrise to sunset: She worked all day; The days are warm but the nights are cold.) dzień2) (a part of this period eg that part spent at work: How long is your working day?; The school day ends at 3 o'clock; I see him every day.) dzień3) (the period of twenty-four hours from one midnight to the next: How many days are in the month of September?) dzień4) ((often in plural) the period of, or of the greatest activity, influence, strength etc of (something or someone): in my grandfather's day; in the days of steam-power.) dzień•- daybreak- day-dream 2. verbShe often day-dreams.)- daylight- day school
- daytime
- call it a day
- day by day
- day in
- day out
- make someone's day
- one day
- some day
- the other day -
9 feeling
['fiːlɪŋ]nuczucie ntI have a feeling (that) we are being followed — mam uczucie, że ktoś nas nas śledzi
my feeling is that … — mam wrażenie, że …
* * *1) (power and ability to feel: I have no feeling in my little finger.) czucie2) (something that one feels physically: a feeling of great pain.) uczucie3) ((usually in plural) something that one feels in one's mind: His angry words hurt my feelings; a feeling of happiness.) uczucie4) (an impression or belief: I have a feeling that the work is too hard.) wrażenie5) (affection: He has no feeling for her now.) uczucie6) (emotion: He spoke with great feeling.) emocja, wzruszenie -
10 nature
['neɪtʃə(r)](also: Nature) nnatura f, przyroda f; (kind, sort) natura f; ( character) ( of thing) istota f, właściwość f; ( of person) usposobienie nt, natura f* * *['nei ə]1) (the physical world, eg trees, plants, animals, mountains, rivers etc, or the power which made them: the beauty of nature; the forces of nature; the study of nature.) przyroda, natura2) (the qualities born in a person; personality: She has a generous nature.) natura3) (quality; what something is or consists of: What is the nature of your work?) istota4) (a kind, type etc: bankers and other people of that nature.) typ•- - natured- in the nature of -
11 spell
[spɛl] 1. n(also: magic spell) zaklęcie nt, urok m; ( period) okres m2. vt; pt, pp spelt ( BRIT) or spelled( in writing) pisać (napisać perf); (also: spell out) literować (przeliterować perf); ( signify) danger etc oznaczaćto cast a spell on sb — rzucać (rzucić perf) na kogoś czar or urok
cold/hot spell — fala chłodów/upałów
how do you spell your name? — jak się pisze Pana/Pani nazwisko?
can you spell it for me? — czy może mi Pan/Pani to przeliterować?
* * *I [spel] past tense, past participle - spelt; verb1) (to name or give in order the letters of (a word): I asked him to spell his name for me.) literować2) ((of letters) to form (a word): C-a-t spells `cat'.) czytać się3) (to (be able to) spell words correctly: I can't spell!) pisać ortograficznie4) (to mean or amount to: This spells disaster.) oznaczać•- speller- spelling II [spel] noun1) (a set or words which, when spoken, is supposed to have magical power: The witch recited a spell and turned herself into a swan.) zaklęcie2) (a strong influence: He was completely under her spell.) urokIII [spel] noun1) (a turn (at work): Shortly afterwards I did another spell at the machine.) zmiana2) (a period of time during which something lasts: a spell of bad health.) okres3) (a short time: We stayed in the country for a spell and then came home.) chwila -
12 trust
[trʌst] 1. n 2. vtufać (zaufać perf) +datto take sth on trust — przyjmować (przyjąć perf) coś na słowo
to trust sth to sb — powierzać (powierzyć perf) coś komuś
to trust (that) — mieć nadzieję(, że)
* * *1. verb1) (to have confidence or faith; to believe: She trusted (in) him.) zaufać2) (to give (something to someone), believing that it will be used well and responsibly: I can't trust him with my car; I can't trust my car to him.) powierzyć3) (to hope or be confident (that): I trust (that) you had / will have a good journey.) ufać2. noun1) (belief or confidence in the power, reality, truth, goodness etc of a person or thing: The firm has a great deal of trust in your ability; trust in God.) ufność2) (charge or care; responsibility: The child was placed in my trust.) opieka3) (a task etc given to a person by someone who believes that they will do it, look after it etc well: He holds a position of trust in the firm.) odpowiedzialność4) (arrangement(s) by which something (eg money) is given to a person to use in a particular way, or to keep until a particular time: The money was to be held in trust for his children; ( also adjective) a trust fund) depozyt5) (a group of business firms working together: The companies formed a trust.) trust•- trustee- trustworthy
- trustworthiness
- trusty
- trustily
- trustiness -
13 use
1. [juːs] n( using) użycie nt, stosowanie nt; ( usefulness) użytek m, zastosowanie nt2. [juːz] vtto go out of use — wychodzić (wyjść perf) z użycia
to make use of sth — stosować (zastosować perf) or wykorzystywać (wykorzystać perf) coś
to get used to — przyzwyczajać się (przyzwyczaić się perf) or przywykać (przywyknąć perf) do +gen
Phrasal Verbs:- use up* * *I [ju:z] verb1) (to employ (something) for a purpose: What did you use to open the can?; Use your common sense!) użyć2) (to consume: We're using far too much electricity.) zużywać•- usable- used
- user
- user-friendly
- user guide
- be used to something
- be used to
- used to II [ju:s]1) (the act of using or state of being used: The use of force to persuade workers to join a strike cannot be justified; This telephone number is for use in emergencies.) użycie2) (the/a purpose for which something may be used: This little knife has plenty of uses; I have no further use for these clothes.) zastosowanie3) ((often in questions or with negatives) value or advantage: Is this coat (of) any use to you?; It's no use offering to help when it's too late.) wartość, sens4) (the power of using: She lost the use of her right arm as a result of the accident.) władza5) (permission, or the right, to use: They let us have the use of their car while they were away.) prawo używania•- useful- usefulness
- usefully
- useless
- be in use
- out of use
- come in useful
- have no use for
- it's no use
- make good use of
- make use of
- put to good use
- put to use -
14 value
['væljuː] 1. n( financial worth) wartość f; ( importance) znaczenie nt- values2. vt* * *['vælju:] 1. noun1) (worth, importance or usefulness: His special knowledge was of great value during the war; She sets little value on wealth.) wartość2) (price: What is the value of that stamp?) cena3) (purchasing power: Are those coins of any value?) wartość4) (fairness of exchange (for one's money etc): You get good value for money at this supermarket!) równowartość5) (the length of a musical note.) wartość2. verb1) (to suggest a suitable price for: This painting has been valued at $50,000.) wyceniać2) (to regard as good or important: He values your advice very highly.) cenić•- valuable- valuables
- valued
- valueless
- values
- value-added tax
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