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1 young
1. adjective(in the first part of life, growth, development etc; not old: a young person; Young babies sleep a great deal; A young cow is called a calf.) jeune2. noun plural(the group of animals or birds produced by parents: Most animals defend their young.) petits- the young -
2 fluff
fluff [flʌf]1. noun[+ pillows] faire bouffer* * *[flʌf] 1.1) ( down) ( on clothes) peluche f; ( on carpet) poussière f; ( under furniture) mouton m, flocon m de poussière; ( on animal) duvet m2) (colloq) ( mistake) gaffe (colloq) f3) (colloq) US [U] ( trivia) frivolités fpl2.transitive verb1) (also fluff up) hérisser [feathers]; faire bouffer [cushion, hair]2) (colloq) ( get wrong) rater [cue, exam, note] -
3 fertile
1) (producing a lot: fertile fields; a fertile mind/imagination.) fertile2) (able to produce fruit, children, young animals etc: fertile seed.) fécond•- fertilize - fertilise - fertilization - fertilisation - fertilizer - fertiliser -
4 frolic
['frolik]past tense, past participle - frolicked; verb((of children, young animals etc) to play happily: The puppies frolicked in the garden.) folâtrer -
5 in the wild
((of an animal) in its natural surroundings: Young animals have to learn to look after themselves in the wild.) à l'état sauvage -
6 suck
1. verb1) (to draw liquid etc into the mouth: As soon as they are born, young animals learn to suck (milk from their mothers); She sucked up the lemonade through a straw.) téter; boire2) (to hold something between the lips or inside the mouth, as though drawing liquid from it: I told him to take the sweet out of his mouth, but he just went on sucking; He sucked the end of his pencil.) sucer3) (to pull or draw in a particular direction with a sucking or similar action: The vacuum cleaner sucked up all the dirt from the carpet; A plant sucks up moisture from the soil.) aspirer; absorber4) ((American) (slang) to be awful, boring, disgusting etc: Her singing sucks; This job sucks.)2. noun(an act of sucking: I gave him a suck of my lollipop.) suçotement- sucker- suck up to -
7 breed
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8 pup
1) ((also puppy - plural puppies) a young dog: a sheepdog pup(py).) chiot2) (the young of certain other animals: a seal pup.) jeune (animal) -
9 cub
1) (the young of certain animals such as foxes, lions etc: a bear cub.) petit (d'un animal)2) ((with capital: short for Cub Scout) a member of the junior branch of the Scouts.) louveteau -
10 infertile
1) ((of soil etc) not fertile or producing good crops: The land was stony and infertile.) infertile2) ((of persons or animals) unable to have young.) stérile• -
11 mammal
['mæməl](any member of the class of animals (including man) in which the females feed the young with their own milk: Monkeys are mammals.) mammifère -
12 nest
[nest] 1. noun(a structure or place in which birds (and some animals and insects) hatch or give birth to and look after their young: The swallows are building a nest under the roof of our house; a wasp's nest.) nid2. verb(to build a nest and live in it: A pair of robins are nesting in that bush.) faire son nid, nicher- nestling- nest-egg - feather one's own nest - feather one's nest -
13 ovum
['əuvəm]plural - ova; noun(the egg from which the young of people and animals develop.) ovule -
14 reproduce
[ri:prə'dju:s]1) (to make or produce a copy of; to make or produce again: Good as the film is, it fails to reproduce the atmosphere of the book; A record-player reproduces the sound which has been recorded on a record.) reproduire2) ((of humans, animals and plants) to produce (young, seeds etc): How do fish reproduce?) se reproduire•- reproductive -
15 sex
[seks]1) (either of the two classes (male and female) into which human beings and animals are divided according to the part they play in producing children or young: Jeans are worn by people of both sexes; What sex is the puppy?) sexe2) (the fact of belonging to either of these two groups: discrimination on the grounds of sex; ( also adjective) sex discrimination.) sexe•- sexist- sexless - sexual - sexually - sexy - sexual abuse - sex appeal - sexual harassment - sexual intercourse -
16 sprout
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17 sterile
1) ((of soil, plants, humans and other animals) unable to produce crops, seeds, children or young.) stérile2) (free from germs: A surgeon's equipment must be absolutely sterile.) stérile•- sterilize - sterilise - sterilization - sterilisation -
18 warm-blooded
1) (having a blood temperature greater than that of the surrounding atmosphere: warm-blooded animals such as man.) à sang chaud2) (enthusiastic; passionate: When I was young and warm-blooded, I was passionate about many things that don't interest me now.) enthousiaste -
19 struggle
A n1 (battle, fight) lit, fig lutte f (against contre ; between entre ; for pour ; over au sujet de ; to do pour faire) ; the struggle for democracy/for survival la lutte pour la démocratie/pour survivre ; armed/non-violent struggle lutte f armée/non violente ; class struggle lutte f des classes ; power struggle lutte f pour le pouvoir ; to give up ou abandon the struggle abandonner la lutte or la partie ; to put up a (fierce) struggle se défendre (avec acharnement) ; they gave up without a struggle lit, Mil ils ont abandonné sans opposer de résistance ; fig ils ont abandonné sans lutter ;2 ( scuffle) rixe f, bagarre ○ f ; two people were injured in ou during the struggle deux personnes ont été blessées pendant la rixe or la bagarre ○ ;3 (difficult task, effort) it was a struggle but it was worth it on a eu du mal or cela a été dur mais cela en valait la peine ; learning to read was a great struggle for him apprendre à lire lui a coûté de gros efforts ; he finds everything a real struggle il trouve que tout est très dur ; I find it a real struggle to do ou doing il m'est très difficile de faire ; they had a struggle to do ou doing ils ont eu du mal à faire ; to succeed after years of struggle réussir après des années d'efforts ; after a long struggle he managed to contact her après s'être donné beaucoup de mal il est parvenu à la joindre ; she managed it but not without a struggle elle a réussi mais non sans mal.B vi1 lit ( put up a fight) [person, animal] se débattre (to do pour faire) ; (tussle, scuffle) [people, animals] lutter, se battre ; [armies, forces] se battre ; he struggled with his attacker il s'est débattu pour se dégager de l'emprise de son agresseur ; they struggled with each other ils ont lutté or se sont battus (for pour) ; they struggled for the gun ils se sont battus pour le revolver ; to struggle free se dégager ;2 fig ( try hard) se battre, lutter ; ( stronger) se démener ; a young artist struggling for recognition un jeune artiste qui lutte or se démène pour faire reconnaître son talent ; to struggle to do sth lutter or se battre pour faire ; the firm has had to struggle to survive ( try hard) la société a dû lutter or se battre pour survivre ; to struggle with a problem/one's conscience être aux prises avec un problème/sa conscience ;3 ( have difficulty) (at school, with job, in market) [person, company] éprouver des difficultés ; to struggle to keep up/to survive/with one's homework avoir du mal à suivre/à survivre/à faire ses devoirs ;4 ( move with difficulty) he struggled into/out of his jeans il a enfilé/enlevé péniblement son jean ; to struggle to one's feet se lever avec peine ; we struggled up the steep path nous avons monté péniblement la côte raide.■ struggle back revenir à grand-peine or avec peine.▶ struggle through s'en sortir tant bien que mal ;▶ struggle through [sth] se frayer péniblement un chemin dans [snow, jungle, crowd] ; se débattre avec [book, task] ; the bill struggled through Parliament le projet de loi a été adopté non sans peine par le Parlement. -
20 Usage note : you
In English you is used to address everybody, whereas French has two forms: tu and vous. The usual word to use when you are speaking to anyone you do not know very well is vous. This is sometimes called the polite form and is used for the subject, object, indirect object and emphatic pronoun:would you like some coffee?= voulez-vous du café?can I help you?= est-ce que je peux vous aider?what can I do for you?= qu’est-ce que je peux faire pour vous?The more informal pronoun tu is used between close friends and family members, within groups of children and young people, by adults when talking to children and always when talking to animals ; tu is the subject form, the direct and indirect object form is te (t’ before a vowel) and the form for emphatic use or use after a preposition is toi:would you like some coffee?= veux-tu du café?can I help you?= est-ce que je peux t’aider?there’s a letter for you= il y a une lettre pour toiAs a general rule, when talking to a French person use vous, wait to see how they address you and follow suit. It is safer to wait for the French person to suggest using tu. The suggestion will usually be phrased as on se tutoie? or on peut se tutoyer?Note that tu is only a singular pronoun and vous is the plural form of tu.Remember that in French the object and indirect object pronouns are always placed before the verb:she knows you= elle vous connaît or elle te connaîtIn compound tenses like the present perfect and the past perfect, the past participle agrees in number and gender with the direct object:I saw you on Saturday(to one male: polite form)= je vous ai vu samedi(to one female: polite form)= je vous ai vue samedi(to one male: informal form)= je t’ai vu samedi(to one female: informal form)= je t’ai vue samedi(to two or more people, male or mixed)= je vous ai vus samedi(to two or more females)= je vous ai vues samediWhen you is used impersonally as the more informal form of one, it is translated by on for the subject form and by vous or te for the object form, depending on whether the comment is being made amongst friends or in a more formal context:you can do as you like here= on peut faire ce qu’on veut icithese mushrooms can make you ill= ces champignons peuvent vous rendre malade or ces champignons peuvent te rendre maladeyou could easily lose your bag here= on pourrait facilement perdre son sac iciNote that your used with on is translated by son/sa/ses according to the gender and number of the noun that follows.For verb forms with vous, tu and on see the French verb tables.For particular usages see the entry you.
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