-
1 THOU
(singular 2nd person pronoun, distinct from plural “you” – the Quenya forms here discussed are not archaic like English “thou”, but simply express singular “you”). Quenya makes a distinction between a formal or polite “thou” and an intimate or familiar “thou”, the latter being reserved for use between close friends, family members, and lovers (VT49:51, 52). The formal pronoun normally appears as the ending -lyë or (if shortened) -l that is added to verbs, e.g. hiruvalyë “thou shalt find ” (Nam), caril or carilyë *“thou dost” or *“you (sg.) do” (VT49:16). The short form in -l may be the more usual, though the long form -lye- must be used if a second pronominal ending denoting the object of the verb is to be added (e.g. *cenuvalyes “thou shalt see it”, with the ending -s “it” appended). The ending -lyë may also be added to prepositions (aselyë “with thee”, VT43:29). The independent pronoun is lye, with a long vowel (lyé, VT49:51) when stressed. This pronoun can also appear in object position (English “thee”), e.g. nai Eru lye mánata, by Tolkien translated “God bless you” (VT49:39). Case endings may be added, e.g. allative lyenna *“upon thee” (VT49:40, 41). There is also elyë “thou, even thou” (Nam, RGEO:67) as an emphatic pronoun (Nam); apparently this can also receive case endings. Such independent pronouns may also be used in copula-less constructions, e.g. aistana elyë "blessed [art] thou" (VT43:30). – The intimate or familiar pronoun is similar in form, only with t instead of l. The pronominal ending is thus -tyë, as in carityë “thou dost, you (sg.) do” (VT49:16). It is uncertain whether -tyë has a short form -t (the existence of a short form is explicitly denied in VT49:51, but -t is listed in VT49:48). At one conceptual stage Tolkien mentioned such an ending that could be added to imperatives (hecat “get thee gone”, WJ:364), but he may have dropped it because it clashed with -t as a dual ending on verbs. The independent pronoun is tye, with a long vowel when stressed (tyé, VT49:51); presumably there also exists an emphatic pronoun *etyë (still unattested). Like lye, the pronoun tye may also appear in object position (ar inyë, yonya, tye-méla “and I too, my son, love thee”, LR:61); we must also assume that tye (and emphatic *etyë) can receive case endings. – Genitive forms, see THY.
См. также в других словарях:
You Can't Do That on Television — Scene from the third opening Genre Comedy Format Live action, Variety, Sketch comedy … Wikipedia
you can't take it with you — Enjoy life, enjoy what you have and don t worry about not having a lot, especially money...because once you re dead, you can t take it with you. For some, it means to use up all you have before you die because it s no use to you afterwards … The small dictionary of idiomes
You can click, but you can't hide — is a campaign being run jointly by several international associations, most notably the MPA, the MPAA, and the GVU, as part of the larger Respect Copyrights campaign against peer to peer file sharing of motion pictures. The associations have long … Wikipedia
you can lead a horse to water but you can't make him drink — you can provide what they need but you cannot force them to use it We provide information, but I wonder if they read it. You can lead a horse to water … English idioms
you can catch more flies with honey than with vinegar — This means that it is easier to persuade people if you use polite arguments and flattery than if you are confrontational … The small dictionary of idiomes
You Can't Always Get What You Want — Infobox Song Name = You Can t Always Get What You Want Artist = The Rolling Stones Album = Let It Bleed Released= December 5, 1969 track no = 9 Recorded = November 16 17, 1968 Genre = Rock Length = 7:31 Writer = Jagger/Richards Label = Decca… … Wikipedia
You Can Have It All — Single infobox Name = You Can Have It All Artist = Kaiser Chiefs from Album = Employment Released = Christmas 2005 Format = 7 Recorded = 2004 Genre = New Wave Pop punk Length = 4:35 Label = B Unique Producer = Stephen Harris Misc = Extra… … Wikipedia
You can't teach an old dog new tricks. — something that you say which means it is difficult to make someone change the way they do something when they have been doing it the same way for a long time. You re never going to teach your father at the age of 79 to use a computer. You can t… … New idioms dictionary
(you can't) teach an old dog new tricks — This expression means that someone who is used to doing things in a certain way will find it difficult to change their habits. Your grandfather will never use a smart phone. You can t teach an old dog new tricks! … English Idioms & idiomatic expressions
use - used - used to — ◊ use If you use something, you do something with it in order to achieve a particular result. They used the money to buy foreign technology. You can use a cheque. It is better not to use a knife. The … Useful english dictionary
Use Your Illusion — I Studioalbum von Guns N’ Roses Veröffentlichung 17. September 1991 Label Geffen Records … Deutsch Wikipedia
