-
81 იოკოჰამა
nYokohama -
82 Иокогама
Jokohama; Yokohama -
83 Inoue Masaru
[br]b. 1 August 1843 Hagi, Choshu, Japand. 2 August 1910 London, England[br]Japanese "Father of Japanese Railways".[br]In the early 1860s, most travel in Japan was still by foot and the Japanese were forbidden by their government to travel abroad. Inoue was one of a small group of students who left Japan illegally in 1863 for London. There he studied English, mathematics and science, and afterwards mineralogy and railways. Inoue returned to Japan in 1868, when the new Meiji Government reopened the country to the outside world after some 200 years of isolation. Part of its policy, despite opposition, was to build railways; at Inoue's suggestion, the gauge of 3 ft 6 in. (1.07 m) was adopted. Initially capital, engineers, skilled labour and materials ranging from locomotives to pencils and stationery were all imported from Britain; Edmund Morel was the first Chief Engineer. In 1871 Inoue was appointed Director of the Government Railway Bureau and he became the driving force behind railway development in Japan for more than two decades. The first line, from Tokyo to Yokohama, was opened in 1872, to be followed by others, some of them at first isolated. The number of foreigners employed, most of them British, peaked at 120 in 1877 and then rapidly declined as the Japanese learned to take over their tasks. In 1878, at Inoue's instance, construction of a line entirely by Japanese commenced for the first time, with British engineers as consultants only. It was ten years before Japanese Railways' total route was 70 miles (113 km) long; over the next ten years, this increased to 1,000 miles (1,600 km) and the system continued to grow rapidly. During 1892–3, a locomotive was built in Japan for the first time, under the guidance of Locomotive Superintendent R.F.Trevithick, grandson of the pioneer Richard Trevithick: it was a compound 2–4–2 tank engine, with many parts imported from Britain. Locomotive building in Japan then blossomed so rapidly that imports were discontinued, with rare exceptions, from 1911. Meanwhile Inoue had retired in 1893; he was on a visit to England at the time of his death.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsViscount 1887.Bibliography1909, "Japanese communications: railroads", in Count Shigenobu Okuma (ed.), Fifty Years of New Japan (English version ed. M.B.Huish), Smith, Elder, Ch. 18.Further ReadingT.Richards and K.C.Rudd, 1991 Japanese Railways in the Meiji Period 1868–1912, Uxbridge: Brunel University (one of the few readily available accounts in English of the origins of Japanese Railways).PJGR
См. также в других словарях:
Yokohama — shi 横浜市 Geographische Lage in Japan … Deutsch Wikipedia
Yokohama FC — Apodo(s) Fulie Fundación 1998 Estadio Estadio Mitsuzawa Yokohama, Japón Capacidad 15.0 … Wikipedia Español
Yokohama FC — Yokohama F.C. Voller Name Yokohama Football Club (jap. 横浜FC) Gegründet 1998 Stadion … Deutsch Wikipedia
YOKOHAMA — Ville récente, ce qui est rare au Japon, Yokohama est née en 1859, lorsque le traité imposé par les Américains ouvrit la baie de T 拏ky 拏 aux étrangers, qui édifièrent sur la plage un centre commercial et résidentiel. Des installations portuaires… … Encyclopédie Universelle
Yokohama — (Jokohama), bedeutendster Handelshafen Japans, unter 35°27 nördl. Br., an der Südostküste der Insel Nippon, am Südwestufer der Yokohamabai, einem westlichen Einschnitt der Tokiobai, 37 km von deren Einfahrt in der Uragastraße, durch Eisenbahn mit … Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon
YOKOHAMA — YOKOHAMA, city in Japan. Opened to foreign trade by Japan in 1859, Yokohama soon blossomed into the country s major port. Among the Westerners who settled here were Jewish merchants and professional people, some of whose graves may still be seen… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
Yokohama — Yokohama: Иокогама город в Японии; Yokohama Rubber Company японская компания, производитель шин. Yokohama Kaidashi Kikou манга. См. также Иокогама (значения) … Википедия
Yokohama — Yokohama, japan. Handelsstadt, s. Jokohama … Kleines Konversations-Lexikon
Yokohama — (横浜) es la capital de la Prefectura de Kanagawa en Japón, y el mayor puerto del país. En 2003, la ciudad tenía una población de 3.519.103 habitantes, con una densidad de 8.050 hab./km². Es la segunda mayor ciudad de Japón tras Tokyo. Su… … Enciclopedia Universal
Yokohama — [yō΄kə hä′mə] seaport on Tokyo Bay, Japan, south of Tokyo: pop. 2,774,000 … English World dictionary
Yokohama — Infobox City Japan Name= Yokohama JapaneseName= 横浜市 Map Region= Kantō Prefecture= Kanagawa District= Area km2= 437.35 PopDate= June 2008 Population= 3,645,507 Density km2= 8335 Coords= LatitudeDegrees= 35 LatitudeMinutes= 27 LatitudeSeconds=… … Wikipedia
