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81 right
In1) право; привилегия- confer on smb. special rights- give a state the right to perform certain acts on the territory of another state- prejudice smb.'s rights- reserve the right to do smth.- reserve to oneself the right to do smth.2) правильность, справедливость3) обыкн. pl действительные факты, истинное положение вещей•IIправая партия, правые, консерваторыправый, реакционный -
82 measure
1.2.1) масштаб, критерий2) мероприятие, мера• -
83 farm
[faːm]nкрестьянское хозяйство, ферма- collective farm- wheat farm
- dairy farm
- fruit farm
- chicken farm
- private farm
- sheep farm
- stock farm
- truck farm
- on a farm
- live at a farm
- work on a farm
- manage a farm -
84 responsibility
[rɪˌspɔnsɪ'bɪlɪtɪ]nThat's not my responsibility. — Это не входит в круг моих обязанностей.
He has many responsibilities. — У него много обязанностей.
- great responsibility- collective responsibility
- grave responsibility - on one's own responsibility
- accept a responsibility
- take the responsibility for the consequences
- admit responsibility
- bear responsibility
- disclaim responsibility
- dodge responsibility
- evade responsibility
- share responsibilityASSOCIATIONS AND IMAGERY:Значение существительного responsibility ассоциируется с тяжелой ношей или грузом, который надо нести или который может давить. Этот образ в явном виде проявляется в ряде слов и словосочетаний: His arrival took a load off my mind. Когда он приехал, у меня, как груз с плеч свалился. /Его приезд освободил меня от ответственности. I don't want to be a burden to you; you have your hands full without me. Я не хочу быть вам обузой, у вас и без меня дел по горло. It was a great weight/load off my mind. Тяжелый груз свалился у меня с плеч. He laid down his duties of/as a President. Он сложил свои обязанности президента. I have been saddled with a lot of extra work. Я был загружен массой дополнительной работы. The house was a millstone around my neck. Дом висел на мне тяжелым грузом. I have been left holding the baby. Ответственность за ребенка осталась за мной. We well have our crosses to bear. Нам придется нести свой крест. Everyone has to bear/to carry his cross. Каждый должен нести свой крест -
85 cooperative
cooperative [kəʊ'ɒpərətɪv](a) (joint → activity, work) coopératif(b) (helpful → attitude, person) coopératif;∎ he has been most cooperative il a été très coopératif2 nounCommerce coopérative f►► cooperative advertising publicité f coopérative ou associée;Cooperative for American Relief Everywhere = organisation humanitaire américaine;Finance cooperative credit society coopérative f de crédit;Agriculture cooperative dairy coopérative f laitière;Commerce cooperative exporting exportation f collective;Commerce cooperative group coopérative f (de consommateurs);Commerce cooperative selling vente f en coopération;Commerce cooperative society société f coopérativeUn panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > cooperative
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86 line
line [laɪn]ligne ⇒ 1 (a)-(c), 1 (e), 1 (j)-(o), 1 (r), 1 (v) trait ⇒ 1 (a) ride ⇒ 1 (a) rang ⇒ 1 (c) queue ⇒ 1 (c) mot ⇒ 1 (f) corde ⇒ 1 (g) tuyau ⇒ 1 (h) voie ⇒ 1 (i) frontière ⇒ 1 (p) branche ⇒ 1 (q) chaîne ⇒ 1 (s) lignée ⇒ 1 (t) border ⇒ 2 (a) régler ⇒ 2 (b) doubler ⇒ 2 (c) garnir ⇒ 2 (c), 2 (d)1 noun∎ to draw a line tracer ou tirer une ligne;∎ Sport to beat sb on the line (at the finishing line) coiffer qn au poteau;∎ to score 50 points above/below the line (in bridge) marquer 50 points d'honneur/de marche;∎ there are five lines to a stave une portée est constituée de cinq lignes;∎ his face was covered with lines son visage était plein de rides∎ light travels in a straight line la lumière se propage en ligne droite;∎ it's on a line between Houston and Dallas c'est sur la ligne qui va de Houston à Dallas;∎ the two grooves must be exactly in line les deux rainures doivent être parfaitement alignées;∎ I don't follow your line of thinking je ne suis pas ton raisonnement;∎ to be in the line of fire être dans la ligne de tir;∎ line of sight or of vision ligne f de visée;∎ let's try a different line of attack essayons une approche différente;∎ it's all in the line of duty cela fait partie de mes fonctions;∎ the problems I meet in the line of duty les problèmes auxquels je suis confronté dans l'exercice de mes fonctions;∎ to be killed in the line of duty (policeman) mourir dans l'exercice de ses fonctions; (soldier) mourir au champ d'honneur;∎ British to take the line of least resistance choisir la solution de facilité;∎ there's been a terrible mistake somewhere along the line il s'est produit une erreur grave quelque part;∎ I'll support them all along or right down the line je les soutiendrai jusqu'au bout ou sur toute la ligne;∎ the population is split along religious lines la population est divisée selon des critères religieux;∎ he reorganized the company along more rational lines il a réorganisé l'entreprise sur une base plus rationnelle;∎ we shall take action along the lines suggested nous agirons dans le sens de ce qui a été proposé;∎ another idea along the same lines une autre idée dans le même genre;∎ we seem to be thinking along the same lines il semble que nous voyions les choses de la même façon;∎ to be on the right lines être sur la bonne voie(c) (row → side by side) ligne f, rang m, rangée f; (→ one behind another) rang m, file f; American (queue) file f (d'attente), queue f;∎ a line of traffic une colonne de véhicules;∎ to fall or get into line, to form a line (people) se mettre en ligne; (children) se mettre en rang; (soldiers) former les rangs;∎ stand in line, children mettez-vous en rang, les enfants;∎ to step into line se mettre en rang;∎ a line of trees une rangée d'arbres;∎ we joined the line at the bus stop nous avons fait la queue à l'arrêt de bus;∎ they wanted to be first in line ils voulaient être les premiers dans la file d'attente;∎ figurative he's in line for promotion il est sur les rangs pour une promotion;∎ he's next in line for promotion la prochaine promotion sera pour lui;∎ he's first in line for the throne c'est l'héritier du trône;∎ to be on the line (job, reputation) être en jeu;∎ to put one's job/reputation on the line mettre son travail/sa réputation en jeu;∎ to lay one's reputation/life on the line (for sb/sth) mettre sa réputation/vie en jeu (pour qn/qch)∎ it's in/out of line with company policy c'est conforme/ce n'est pas conforme à la politique de la société;∎ it's more or less in line with what we'd expected cela correspond plus ou moins à nos prévisions;∎ to bring wages into line with inflation actualiser les salaires en fonction de l'inflation;∎ the rebels have been brought into line les rebelles ont été mis au pas;∎ to fall into line with government policy accepter la politique gouvernementale;∎ to step out of line s'écarter du droit chemin∎ new line (in dictation) à la ligne;∎ Computing a 20-line program un programme de 20 lignes;∎ School she gave me 100 lines elle m'a donné 100 lignes (à faire);∎ she quoted a line from Wordsworth elle a cité un vers de Wordsworth;∎ I only have two lines in the whole play! je n'ai que deux répliques dans toute la pièce!;∎ he forgot his lines il a oublié son texte;∎ he gave me the usual line about his wife not understanding him il m'a fait son numéro habituel comme quoi sa femme ne le comprend pas;∎ to drop sb a line envoyer un mot à qn∎ to hang the washing on the line mettre le linge à sécher, étendre le linge;∎ your clothes are out on the line tes vêtements sont sur la corde à linge∎ the train left the line le train a déraillé(j) (travel route) ligne f;∎ underground line ligne f de métro;∎ there's a new coach line to London il y a un nouveau service d'autocars pour Londres;∎ to keep the lines of communication open maintenir ouvertes les lignes de communication;∎ shipping line compagnie f de navigation(k) Electricity ligne f;∎ the power lines have been cut les lignes électriques ont été coupées;∎ the lines are still down after the gale les lignes n'ont pas été rétablies depuis la tempête;∎ the power station comes on line in June la centrale entre en service en juin(l) Telecommunications ligne f;∎ the line went dead la communication a été coupée;∎ I was on the line to Paris je téléphonais à Paris;∎ all the lines to London are busy toutes les lignes pour Londres sont occupées;∎ then a voice came on the other end of the line alors une voix a répondu à l'autre bout du fil;∎ I have Laura on the line j'ai Laura en ligne;∎ a direct line to Washington une ligne directe avec Washington;∎ hold the line ne quittez pas;∎ there's someone on the line il y a quelqu'un sur la ligne;∎ the line's very bad la communication est mauvaise;∎ she's on the other line elle est sur l'autre ligne;∎ Computing on line en ligne∎ the graceful line or lines of the new model la ligne harmonieuse du nouveau modèle;∎ can you explain the main or broad lines of the project to me? pouvez-vous m'expliquer les grandes lignes du projet?∎ they took a hard or tough line on terrorism ils ont adopté une politique de fermeté envers le terrorisme;∎ the opposition takes a harder line on this issue l'opposition a une politique plus dure sur cette question;∎ to follow or to toe the party line suivre la ligne du parti;∎ what line are you going to take? quel parti allez-vous prendre?;∎ we must take a firm line with such people il nous faut être ferme avec des gens comme ça∎ they struggled vainly to hold the line ils ont vainement tenté de maintenir leur position;∎ battle lines lignes fpl de bataille;∎ to infiltrate enemy lines infiltrer les lignes ennemies;∎ regiment/ship of the line régiment m/navire m de ligne(p) (boundary) frontière f, limite f;∎ the distant line of the horizon la ligne lointaine de l'horizon;∎ the (dividing) line between frankness and rudeness la limite entre la franchise et l'impolitesse;∎ to overstep the line dépasser la mesure;∎ the poverty line le seuil de pauvreté;∎ they crossed the state line into Nevada ils ont franchi la frontière du Nevada;∎ to cross the Line (equator) traverser l'équateur∎ she's in the same line (of work) as you elle travaille dans la même branche que toi;∎ what line (of business) are you in?, what's your line (of business)? qu'est-ce que vous faites dans la vie?;∎ if you need anything doing in the plumbing line si vous avez besoin de faire faire des travaux de plomberie;∎ that's not my line ce n'est pas mon rayon;∎ that's more in Katy's line c'est plus du domaine de Katy;∎ opera isn't really my line l'opéra n'est pas vraiment mon genre(r) (range → of products) ligne f;∎ a new line of office furniture une nouvelle ligne de meubles de bureau;∎ they produce or do an interesting line in chairs ils produisent une gamme intéressante de chaises;∎ familiar a rice pudding or something in that line un gâteau de riz ou quelque chose dans ce genre(-là)(s) (production line) chaîne f;∎ the new model will be coming off the line in May le nouveau modèle sortira de l'usine en mai(t) (lineage, ancestry) lignée f;∎ line of descent filiation f;∎ to be descended in (a) direct line from sb descendre en droite ligne de qn;∎ the Windsor line la lignée des Windsor;∎ the title is transmitted by the male line le titre se transmet par les hommes;∎ he comes from a long line of doctors il est issu d'une longue lignée de médecins∎ I'll try and get a line on what actually happened j'essaierai d'avoir des tuyaux sur ce qui s'est réellement passé;∎ the police have got a line on him la police sait des choses sur lui(a) (road, river) border;∎ the avenue is lined with trees l'avenue est bordée d'arbres;∎ crowds lined the streets la foule était ou s'était massée sur les trottoirs∎ lined with silk doublé de soie;∎ the tissue that lines the digestive tract la paroi interne de l'appareil digestif;∎ you need something to line your stomach il faut que tu avales quelque chose avant;∎ Cookery line the baking tin with pastry disposez la pâte dans le moule;∎ walls lined with books des murs tapissés de livres;∎ familiar to line one's (own) pockets s'en mettre plein les poches(d) Technology (bearing) garnir, recouvrir; (brakes) garnir; (wall, furnace) revêtir, incruster; (well) cuveler;∎ to line a shaft with metal blinder un puits;∎ the tubes are lined with plastic l'intérieur des tubes est revêtu d'une couche de plastique►► Marketing line addition ajout m à la ligne;Typography line block cliché m au trait;Computing line break saut m de ligne;line call (in tennis) décision f du juge de ligne;Computing line command ligne f de commande;Finance line of credit ligne f de crédit, ligne f de découvert;line dancing = danse de style country effectuée en rangs;Marketing line differentiation différenciation f de ligne;line drawing dessin m au trait;Sport line drive (in baseball) flèche f;Typography & Computing line end fin f de ligne;Typography & Computing line end hyphen tiret m de fin de ligne;line engraving gravure f au trait;Marketing line extension extension f de ligne;Computing line feed changement m de ligne;American line fence clôture f;Marketing line filling consolidation f de ligne;line fishing pêche f à la ligne;Typography line gauge typomètre m;Sport line judge juge m de ligne;Commerce line management organisation f hiérarchique;Commerce line manager chef m hiérarchique;line noise parasites mpl;line organization organisation f hiérarchique;Computing line printer imprimante f ligne à ligne;Computing line printout imprimé m ligne à ligne;Theatre line rehearsal lecture f collective;Telecommunications line rental abonnement m;Typography & Computing line space interligne m;∎ three line spaces un triple interligne;Typography & Computing line spacing interlignage m, espacement m de lignes;Marketing line stretching extension f de ligne;Typography & Computing line width longueur f de ligne➲ line up∎ he lined up the troops for inspection il fit aligner les hommes pour passer l'inspection(b) (bring into alignment) aligner;∎ the two grooves must be lined up exactly les deux rainures doivent être parfaitement alignées;∎ he had the pheasant lined up in his sights il avait le faisan dans sa ligne de mire∎ I've got a treat lined up for the kids j'ai préparé une surprise pour les gosses;∎ he's lined up an all-star cast for his new film la distribution de son nouveau film ne comprend que des stars;∎ have you got anyone lined up for the job? avez-vous quelqu'un en vue pour le poste?;∎ what have you got lined up for us? qu'est-ce que vous nous préparez?∎ figurative the Liberals lined up behind the government les libéraux ont apporté leur soutien au gouvernement -
87 guaranteed employment
HRan arrangement to protect employees in the event of a shortage of work. Guaranteed employment requires the payment of a minimum wage for a maximum number of workless days or hours. In some cases, a worker may qualify for a legal right to a guaranteed payment. An employer cannot lay off workers without a term in the individual contract of employment. The right to do so usually lies in a collective agreement incorporated into the contract of employment. -
88 learning organization
Gen Mgtan organizational model characterized by a flat structure and customer-focused teams, that engenders the collective ability to develop shared visions by capturing and exploiting employees’ willingness, commitment, and curiosity. The concept of the learning organization was proposed by Chris Argyris and Donald Schön as part of their work on organizational learning, but was brought back to public attention in the 1990s by Peter Senge. For Senge, a learning organization is one with the capacity to shift away from views inherent to a traditional hierarchical, organization, toward the ability of all employees to challenge prevailing thinking and gain a balanced perspective. Senge believes the five major elements of a learning organization are mental models, personal mastery, systems thinking, shared vision, and team learning. Because of the requirement for an open, risktolerant culture, which is the opposite of the corporate culture of most organizations today, the learning organization remains, for many, an unattainable ideal. -
89 performance management
Gen Mgtthe facilitation of high achievement by employees. Performance management involves enabling people to perform their work to the best of their ability, meeting and perhaps exceeding targets and standards. Performance management can be coordinated by an interrelated framework between manager and employee. Key areas of the framework to be agreed are objectives, human resource management (see HRM), standards and performance indicators, and means of reward. For successful performance management, a culture of collective and individual responsibility for the continuing improvement of business processes needs to be established, and individual skills and contributions need to be encouraged and nurtured. One tool for monitoring performance management is performance appraisal. For organizations, performance management is usually known as company performance and is monitored through business appraisal. -
90 guarantee
[ˌɡærənˈti:]absolute guarantee безусловное поручительство absolute guarantee полная гарантия advance guarantee предварительная гарантия advance payment guarantee гарантия досрочного платежа antiinflation guarantee антиинфляционная гарантия bank guarantee авал bank guarantee банковская гарантия bank guarantee поручительство банка banker guarantee авал banker guarantee банковская гарантия banker guarantee поручительстиво банка bill guarantee вексельный залог bill guarantee гарантия векселя bond guarantee обязательство collateral guarantee дополнительная гарантия collective guarantee коллективная гарантия conditional guarantee условная гарантия contract guarantee гарантия контракта credit guarantee кредитное поручительство customs guarantee таможенная гарантия deficiency guarantee гарантия комплектности deposit guarantee scheme программа обеспечения вкладов development guarantee гарантия развития documentary credit guarantee гарантия документарного аккредитива exchange rate guarantee гарантия валютного курса export credit guarantee гарантия экспортного кредита export guarantee экспортное обеспечение financial guarantee финансовая гарантия furnish a guarantee давать гарантию furnish a guarantee предоставлять гарантию give a guarantee давать гарантию government guarantee государственная гарантия government guarantee правительственное обязательство grant a guarantee предоставлять гарантию guarantee гарант guarantee гарантировать guarantee гарантия; залог; поручительство guarantee гарантия guarantee давать гарантию guarantee давать поручительство guarantee залог guarantee лицо, которому дается гарантия guarantee лицо, принимающее поручительство guarantee лицо, получившее гарантию guarantee лицо, которому дается гарантия guarantee лицо, которому вносится залог guarantee обеспечивать, страховать (against) guarantee обеспечивать guarantee поручаться, давать поручительство guarantee поручение guarantee поручитель guarantee поручительство guarantee ручательство guarantee ручаться guarantee тот, кому вносится залог guarantee for cheques гарантия по чекам guarantee for loan гарантия по займу guarantee for loan гарантия по ссуде guarantee of quality гарантия качества instalments guarantee гарантия уплаты очередных взносов interest rate guarantee гарантия ставки процента joint guarantee совместная гарантия legal guarantee правовая гарантия loan guarantee гарантия по кредиту loan guarantee кредитная гарантия loan guarantee кредитное поручительство loan guarantee обеспечение займа local authority guarantee гарантия местного органа власти local authority guarantee поручительство местного органа власти money back guarantee гарантия возврата платы за товар municipal guarantee муниципальная гарантия municipal guarantee поручительство городских властей on-demand guarantee гарантия по требованию operating loan guarantee гарантия краткосрочного займа payment guarantee гарантия платежа personal guarantee личная гарантия price guarantee гарантия цены provide a guarantee предоставлять гарантию quality guarantee гарантия качества secondary guarantee дополнительная гарантия servicing guarantee гарантия обслуживания shipping guarantee гарантийное письмо, выдаваемое грузоотправителем судовладельцу state guarantee государственная гарантия supplementary guarantee дополнительная гарантия tender guarantee гарантия предложения trade guarantee торговая гарантия work guarantee гарантия занятости written guarantee письменная гарантия
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