-
1 WITH
For the purpose of Neo-Quenya writing, the best translation of "with" (in the sense of "together with") is probably \#as, attested with a pronominal suffix (see below). A string of various prepositional elements meaning "with" are attested, but all are probably not meant to coexist in the same form of Quenya; rather Tolkien often changed his mind about the details. The preposition lé, le found in early material (QL:52) is probably best avoided in LotR-style Quenya (in which langauge le is rather the pronoun "you"). Tolkien later seems to be experimenting with yo and ó/o as words for "with"; yo hildinyar in SD:56 probably means *"with my heirs", and VT43:29 reproduces a table where various pronouns are suffixed to ó-, probably meaning "with" (óni *"with me", ólë *"with you", etc.) In the essay Quendi and Eldar, Tolkien assigns a dual meaning to ó- as a prefix; it was used "in words describing the meeting, junction, or union of two things or persons, or of two groups thought of as units" (WJ:367; cf. 361 regarding the underlying stem WO, said to be a dual adverb "together"). The plural equivalent of dual ó- is yo- (as in yomenië, WJ:407 cf. 361 regarding the underlying root JŌ), and it may seem to be this yo that occurs as an independent preposition in yo hildinyar in SD:56. The idea that ó- is a distinctly dual form does not appear in all sources; in VT43:29 we have forms like *ómë *"with us", implying at least three persons. In Tolkien's drafts for a Quenya rendering of the Hail Mary, he experimented with various prepositional elements for the phrase "with thee" (see VT43:29). A form carelyë was replaced with aselyë in the final version. Removing the ending -lyë "thee" and the connecting vowel before it leaves us with \#as as the word (or a word) for "with"; this is ultimately related to the conjunction ar "and" (see VT43:30, 47:31). – In English, the preposition "with" may also have an instrumental force, which is best rendered by the Quenya instrumental case (e.g. *nambanen "with [= using] a hammer").
См. также в других словарях:
hammer — [ham′ər] n. [ME hamer < OE hamor, akin to Ger hammer, ON hamarr, crag, cliff < IE * k̑omor , stone hammer < base * ak m < ak̑ , sharp, sharp stone > Gr akmē, point, akmōn, anvil] 1. a tool for pounding, usually consisting of a… … English World dictionary
hammer — ► NOUN 1) a tool consisting of a heavy metal head mounted at the end of a handle, used for breaking things and driving in nails. 2) an auctioneer s mallet, tapped to indicate a sale. 3) a part of a mechanism that hits another, e.g. one exploding… … English terms dictionary
Hammer — Ham mer, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Hammered} ( m[ e]rd); p. pr. & vb. n. {Hammering}.] 1. To beat with a hammer; to beat with heavy blows; as, to hammer iron. [1913 Webster] 2. To form or forge with a hammer; to shape by beating. Hammered money.… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Hammer — Ham mer, v. i. 1. To be busy forming anything; to labor hard as if shaping something with a hammer. [1913 Webster] Whereon this month I have been hammering. Shak. [1913 Webster] 2. To strike repeated blows, literally or figuratively. [1913… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Hammer — A hammer is a tool meant to deliver an impact to an object. The most common uses are for driving nails, fitting parts, and breaking up objects. Hammers are often designed for a specific purpose, and vary widely in their shape and structure. Usual … Wikipedia
Hammer and sickle — The hammer and sickle is a part of communist symbolism and its usage indicates an association with Communism, Communist Party, or Communist state. It features a hammer superimposed on a sickle, or vice versa. The two tools are symbols of the… … Wikipedia
hammer — hammerable, adj. hammerer, n. hammerlike, adj. /ham euhr/, n. 1. a tool consisting of a solid head, usually of metal, set crosswise on a handle, used for beating metals, driving nails, etc. 2. any of various instruments or devices resembling this … Universalium
hammer — ham|mer1 [ˈhæmə US ər] n ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ 1¦(tool)¦ 2 come/go under the hammer 3 hammer blow 4 hammer and tongs 5¦(gun)¦ 6¦(sport)¦ 7¦(piano)¦ ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ [: Old English; Origin: hamor] 1.) … Dictionary of contemporary English
hammer — ham|mer1 [ hæmər ] noun count * 1. ) a tool used for hitting things or forcing nails into wood, consisting of a handle and a heavy metal top with one flat side: He smashed a hole in the window with a hammer. take a hammer to something (=hit… … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
hammer — I. /ˈhæmə / (say hamuh) noun 1. an instrument consisting of a solid head, usually of metal, set crosswise on a handle, used for beating metals, driving in nails, etc. 2. any of various instruments or devices resembling a hammer in form, action,… …
hammer */ — I UK [ˈhæmə(r)] / US [ˈhæmər] noun [countable] Word forms hammer : singular hammer plural hammers 1) a tool used for hitting things or forcing nails into wood that consists of a handle and a heavy metal top with one flat side He smashed a hole in … English dictionary
