-
61 протокол управления простой сетью
протокол управления простой сетью
Протокол, управляющий сетью, сетевыми устройствами и их функциями.
[Е.С.Алексеев, А.А.Мячев. Англо-русский толковый словарь по системотехнике ЭВМ. Москва 1993]
простой протокол сетевого управления
Прикладной протокол (L7) управления сетевыми устройствами. Основное предназначение состоит в получении подробной информации о состоянии устройства и изменении его конфигурации в автоматическом режиме. Помимо периодического считывания SNMP-сервером информации с устройства, возможна активная сигнализация самим устройством о произошедших событиях.
[ http://www.morepc.ru/dict/]
простой протокол управления сетью
Протокол группы IETF по управлению сетью. Основной протокол администрирования сетей TCP/IP, обеспечивающий мониторинг и контроль сетевых устройств, обслуживание их конфигураций, сбор статистических данных, замеры производительности и проверку безопасности (МСЭ-Т Х.805; МСЭ-Т J.116).
[ http://www.iks-media.ru/glossary/index.html?glossid=2400324]Вопросы сетевого управления традиционно входят в число основных как для производителей программ и оборудования, так и для организаций, занимающихся разработкой стандартов. Невероятно высокий темп развития сетей на базе протокола TCP/IP (и Internet в частности) и движение в сторону создания единой информационной магистрали обусловили необходимость разработки стандартного протокола управления устройствами по сети и множества высокоуровневых продуктов, которые его используют.
Протокол управления сетями определяет стандартный метод контроля какого-либо устройства со станции управления с целью определения его состояния, настроек и иной информации, а также ее модификации. Основным протоколом управления, используемым в семействе TCP/IP, является протокол SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol простой протокол управления сетью). Сам протокол очень прост: он определяет только иерархическое пространство имен объектов управления и способ чтения (или записи) данных этих объектов на каждом узле. Основное преимущество этого протокола заключается в том, что он позволяет единообразным образом управлять всеми типами аппаратных средств, независимо от их назначения и особенностей. Все они говорят на одном языке и могут опрашиваться и конфигурироваться с центральной станции.
Однако, SNMP не более чем протокол, поддерживающий диалог двух сторон. Для его использования необходимы две составляющие: программа-агент, работающая на сетевом устройстве, и программа-менеджер, позволяющая дистанционно отслеживать и управлять сетевыми устройствами. Способ ведения диалога между агентом и менеджером показан на рис.1.Рис. 1 Работа протокола SNMP в рамках модели OSI
Протокол SNMP традиционно используется для управления телекоммуникационным оборудованием. Для управления обычно применяются так называемые платформы сетевого управления, позволяющие осуществлять обнаружение устройств в сети, объединять модули управления оборудованием разных производителей, выполнять общие функции управления и оповещения. В число наиболее известных платформ сетевого управления входят HP OpenView (Hewlett-Packard), Solstice Domain Manager (Sun Microsystems), Tivoli NetView (Tivoli Systems), SNMPc (Castle Rock). Вместе с тем, управление с использованием SNMP может быть применено и для решения других задач в том числе для систем промышленного управления. Проиллюстрируем такой подход на реальном примере.
В ходе выполнения одного из экспортных контрактов корпорацией Стинс Коман была разработана, произведена и установлена на ТЭС Фалай (Вьетнам) система управления электрофильтром. Логически система была разделена на два уровня: нижний монтируемый в непосредственной близости от электрофильтра, и верхний осуществляющий сбор статистической информации и представляющий графически состояние всего объекта. От использования существующих SCADA-систем мы отказались из-за высокой стоимости пакета разработки и модулей времени выполнения, а также большого времени, необходимого на обучение разработчиков. Было решено пойти по пути собственной разработки. Связь между подсистемами верхнего и нижнего уровней была осуществлена традиционными для задач АСУ ТП методами. Из огромного количества используемых полевых протоколов был выбран один, наиболее подходящий по быстродействию и простоте реализации. Учитывая особенности этого протокола, был разработан программный комплекс, осуществляющий сбор информации, анализирующий статистику и графически представляющий состояние управляемого устройства.
Приступив к аналогичным работам по следующему контракту, мы постарались учесть уроки предыдущей разработки и при создании системы управления технологическими процессами воспользоваться нашим опытом проектирования больших сетевых комплексов. В новом варианте системы связь между уровнями осуществлялась по протоколу SNMP. В качестве программы верхнего уровня использовался описанный ниже универсальный SNMP-менеджер.
Использование принципов сетевого управления при создании систем управления технологическими процессами позволило избежать проблем, связанных с интеграцией различных уровней системы. Появился единый универсальный способ управления любым оборудованием, начиная от сетевого маршрутизатора и заканчивая электрофильтром. Для того чтобы появилась возможность управлять устройствами, которые ранее в принципе не подключались к сети, был разработан универсальный программно-аппаратный SNMP-агент eSCape. Это устройство построено на основе однокристального RISC-контроллера и для подключения к сети (локальной или территориально-распределенной) использует Ethernet или PPP. Оно обладает малым весом и невысокой стоимостью и предоставляет широкий выбор вариантов сопряжения с управляемым объектом.
При разработке системы промышленного управления, реализованной в виде SNMP-менеджера, изначально были сформулированы следующие требования:- новый программный продукт должен обеспечивать сбор и хранение статистических данных, которые должны легко импортироваться в другие программы;
- новый программный продукт должен работать как под управлением ОС MS Windows 9x/NT/2000, так и под управлением ОС Linux;
- новый программный продукт должен обеспечивать достаточное быстродействие на машинах бюджетного класса;
- для разработки программ рекомендуется использовать свободно распространяемые продукты с открытым исходным кодом.
В результате был разработан программный комплекс EscView, архитектура которого приведена на рис.2.Рис.2 Программный комплекс, осуществляющий сбор информации, анализ статистики и графическое представление состояния управляемого устройства
Каждому управляемому устройству соответствует SNMP-агент, который может быть встроенным или внешним. SNMP-агенты, подключенные к сети протокола TCP/IP, периодически опрашиваются программой-монитором, которая написана на языке Perl. Периодичность и частота опроса, а также перечень интересующих SNMP-агентов записаны в базе данных, построенной на пакете программ MySQL. Все переменные, считанные в процессе опроса, сохраняются в базе данных. SNMP-агент может также сам проинформировать систему управления о том или ином изменении своего состояния. Для подачи команд устройствам необходимо изменить соответствующие поля базы данных. Все изменения, произошедшие в базе данных, адресно передаются SNMP-агентам.
Рис.3 Пример диалога с пользователем в формате HTML-страницы
Для реализации графического интерфейса пользователя используется HTTP-сервер Apache. Программа, написанная на языке Perl, поддерживает диалоги с пользователем и при помощи базы данных динамически формирует ответ в формате HTML-страницы или в формате WML-страницы.
Страницы HTML предназначены для пользователей, работающих с любым Internet-браузером (например, MS Internet Explorer или Netscape Navigator). Пример реального диалога представлен на рис.3. Страницы WML предназначены для мобильных устройств, поддерживающих протокол WAP (таким устройством может быть сотовый телефон). Для поддержки WAP-клиентов никаких специальных аппаратных доработок производить не надо: в качестве шлюза выступают ресурсы, штатно предоставляемые сотовыми операторами. Соединение между сотовым шлюзом и SNMP-менеджером осуществляется через Internet.
Данное решение может функционировать как под управлением ОС MS Windows 9x/NT/2000, так и под управлением ОС UNIX/Linux. Все программные продукты, используемые при разработке, распространяются свободно.
Описываемое решение уже используется для обслуживания мощных источников бесперебойного питания. В настоящее время на базе этого решения разрабатывается комплекс программ, предназначенных для управления электрофильтром. Оно, в частности, может использоваться для создания интеллектуальных зданий, для распределенного сбора информации с датчиков, а также для реализации заданного промышленного управления через типовые объединённые сети.
[ http://www.mka.ru/?p=40138]Тематики
Действия
Синонимы
EN
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > протокол управления простой сетью
-
62 sopra
onto* * *1. prep on( più in alto di) above( riguardo a) about, onsopra il tavolo on the tablel'uno sopra l'altro one on top of the otheri bambini sopra cinque anni children over five5 gradi sopra lo zero 5 degrees above zeroal di sopra di qualcosa over something2. adv on top( al piano superiore) upstairsdormirci sopra sleep on itvedi sopra see abovela parte di sopra the top or upper part* * *sopra avv.1 ( in luogo o posizione più elevata) up; on; above; ( in superficie) on top: la penna è lì sopra, the pen is on there; posa i libri qua sopra, put the books (on) here; appendilo più sopra, hang it higher up; un gelato con sopra le ciliegine, an ice-cream with cherries on top; nella valigia ti ho messo sotto le magliette sopra le camicie, I've put your vests at the bottom of the case and your shirts on top; sopra c'era neve fresca, sotto era tutto ghiaccio, there was fresh snow on top, but underneath it was all ice; il fumo veniva da sopra, smoke was coming from above // (al) di sopra → disopra2 ( al piano superiore) upstairs; above: le camere da letto sono (di) sopra, the bedrooms are upstairs (o above); ci dev'essere qualcuno di sopra, there must be somebody upstairs (o above); sotto ci sono gli uffici, sopra le abitazioni, downstairs there are offices, upstairs (there are) the living quarters3 (precedentemente, in un testo o simili) above: vedi sopra, see above; come sopra, as above; in aggiunta a quanto sopra, in addition to the above; gli esempi sopra citati, the above-mentioned examples◆ agg.invar. ( superiore) above: il piano (di) sopra, the floor above; leggi la riga sopra, read the line above* * *['sopra]1. prep1) (gen) overguadagna sopra i 2000 euro al mese — he earns over 2,000 euros a month
pesa sopra il chilo — it weighs over o more than a kilo
2) (più in su di) abovesopra l'equatore — north of o above the equator
ha un appartamento sopra il negozio — he has a flat Brit o apartment Am over the shop
mettilo sopra l'armadio — put it on top of the wardrobe Brit o closet Am
4) (intorno a, riguardo a) about, onun dibattito sopra la riforma carceraria — a debate about o on prison reform
2. avv1) (su) up, (in superficie) on topmetti tutto lì o là sopra — put everything up there
sopra è un po' rovinato — (libro, borsa) it's a bit damaged on top
2)3) (prima) aboveper i motivi sopra illustrati — for the above-mentioned reasons, for the reasons shown above
vedi/come sopra — see/as above
4)dormirci sopra fig — to sleep on it
3. smil di sopra — the top, the upper part
* * *['sopra] 1.1) (in posizione superiore) (con contatto) on, upon; (con movimento) on, onto; (in cima a) on top ofla tazza è sopra il o al tavolo the cup is on the table; il gelato è caduto sopra la sedia the ice cream fell on(to) the chair; passare le dita sopra qcs. to run one's fingers over sth.; scrivici sopra l'indirizzo write the address on it; mettilo sopra al mucchio put it on top of the pile; essere uno sopra l'altro — to be in a pile
2) (senza contatto o per indicare rivestimento, protezione) overil quadro sopra il o al letto the picture over the bed; portare un maglione sopra la camicia to wear a sweater over one's shirt; tirarsi le lenzuola sopra la testa — to pull the sheets over one's head
3) (più in alto di, più in su di) above; (a nord di) north of, above4) (oltre) above, overragazze sopra i sedici anni — girls over sixteen o above the age of sixteen
il prezzo è sopra i 500 euro — the price is over o above 500 euros
5) (più di, che) over, above, more thanamare qcn. sopra ogni altra cosa — to love sb. above all else
6) (per indicare superiorità, dominio) over7) (intorno, rispetto a) on, about8) al di sopra di above, beyond, overal di sopra della media — above (the) average, above standard
2.essere al di sopra di ogni sospetto — to be above o beyond suspicion
1) (in posizione più elevata) on, up; (senza contatto) above; (in cima) on topnon prendere questo libro, prendi quello sopra — don't take that book, take the one on top (of it)
in camicia avrai freddo, mettiti sopra una maglia — you'll be cold in a shirt, put a sweater on
qua sopra, là sopra — on o up here, on o up there
2) (sulla superficie esterna) on top3) (al piano superiore) upstairs4) (precedentemente) above5) di sopra (sopra a un altro) above; (fra due) upper; (più in alto di tutti) top; (al piano superiore) upstairs3.aggettivo invariabile (superiore) above4.sostantivo maschile invariabile (parte superiore) top (side)* * *sopra/'sopra/1 (in posizione superiore) (con contatto) on, upon; (con movimento) on, onto; (in cima a) on top of; la tazza è sopra il o al tavolo the cup is on the table; il gelato è caduto sopra la sedia the ice cream fell on(to) the chair; passare le dita sopra qcs. to run one's fingers over sth.; scrivici sopra l'indirizzo write the address on it; mettilo sopra al mucchio put it on top of the pile; essere uno sopra l'altro to be in a pile2 (senza contatto o per indicare rivestimento, protezione) over; il cielo sopra Londra the sky over London; il quadro sopra il o al letto the picture over the bed; portare un maglione sopra la camicia to wear a sweater over one's shirt; tirarsi le lenzuola sopra la testa to pull the sheets over one's head3 (più in alto di, più in su di) above; (a nord di) north of, above; sopra il ginocchio above the knee; abita sopra di me he lives in the flat above me; proprio sopra le nostre teste straight above our heads; sei gradi sopra lo zero six degrees above zero; sopra il livello del mare above sea level; Como è sopra Milano Como is north of Milan4 (oltre) above, over; ragazze sopra i sedici anni girls over sixteen o above the age of sixteen; il prezzo è sopra i 500 euro the price is over o above 500 euros5 (più di, che) over, above, more than; amare qcn. sopra ogni altra cosa to love sb. above all else6 (per indicare superiorità, dominio) over7 (intorno, rispetto a) on, about8 al di sopra di above, beyond, over; al di sopra degli alberi above the trees; i bambini al di sopra dei sei anni children (of) over six; al di sopra della media above (the) average, above standard; è al di sopra delle mie capacità it is beyond my ability; essere al di sopra di ogni sospetto to be above o beyond suspicionII avverbio1 (in posizione più elevata) on, up; (senza contatto) above; (in cima) on top; due metri sopra two metres above; va sotto o sopra? does it go under or over? non prendere questo libro, prendi quello sopra don't take that book, take the one on top (of it); non metterci le dita sopra don't put your fingers on it; in camicia avrai freddo, mettiti sopra una maglia you'll be cold in a shirt, put a sweater on; da sopra from above; qua sopra, là sopra on o up here, on o up there2 (sulla superficie esterna) on top; un dolce con la cioccolata sopra a cake with chocolate on top3 (al piano superiore) upstairs; sopra ci sono tre camere there are three rooms upstairs; il rumore viene da sopra the noise is coming from upstairs4 (precedentemente) above; vedi sopra see above; come sopra ditto; come detto sopra as stated above; i nomi di cui sopra the above names5 di sopra (sopra a un altro) above; (fra due) upper; (più in alto di tutti) top; (al piano superiore) upstairs; andare di sopra to go upstairsIV m.inv.(parte superiore) top (side). -
63 Sound format
File extension: VOC (Creative Lab's Sound File, PlayVoc), WAV (Microsoft Windows RIFF WAVE, Media Player) -
64 pegar
v.1 to stick.Ella pega el afiche She sticks the poster.2 to hit.pega a su mujer/a sus hijos he beats his wife/children3 to give (propinar) (bofetada, paliza).pegar un golpe a alguien to hit somebodypegar un tiro a alguien to shoot somebodyElla le pegó una tremenda paliza She gave him a good thrashing.4 to suit, to go with (corresponder a, ir bien a).no le pega ese vestido that dress doesn't suit herno le pega ese novio that boyfriend isn't right for her5 to paste (computing).6 to go together, to match.pegar con to go with7 to beat down (sol).8 to glue, to adhere, to bond, to paste.Ella pega las hojas She glues the sheets.9 to infect with.Yo le pegué a Ricardo un catarro I infected Richard with a cold.10 to sew on.Ella pega botones She sews on buttons.* * *2 (coser) to sew on3 (contagiar) to give4 (acercar) to move close to5 INFORMÁTICA to paste1 (combinar) to match1 (quemarse) to stick2 (persona) to latch onto■ se me pegó un tío en el pub y no hubo forma de deshacerme de él a bloke latched onto me in the pub and I couldn't get rid of him\no pegar ni con cola (no entonar) to be totally wrong, look totally out of place 2 (ser increíble) to be impossible to believe————————1 (golpear) to hit■ mamá, Pablo me ha pegado mum, Pablo hit me2 (dar) to give■ ¡vaya susto me has pegado! you didn't half scare me!1 (tener fuerza) to beat down■ ¡cómo pega el sol hoy! it's a real scorcher today!2 (beber) to knock back■ le gusta pegarle al whisky ¿eh? he likes knocking back the whisky, doesn't he1 (tropezar) to bump ( con, into)\dále que te pego over and over again, on and onno pegar golpe not to do a blessed thingno pegar ojo not to sleep a winkpegarle fuego a algo to set fire to somethingpegarle un tiro a alguien to shoot somebodypegarle una paliza a alguien to beat somebody uppegarse la vida padre familiar to live the life of Rileypegarse un tiro to shoot oneselfpegársela a alguien (engañar) to do the dirty on somebody 2 (ser infiel) to be unfaithful to somebody* * *verb1) to hit, strike2) glue, stick3) paste4) attach•- pegarse* * *1. VT1) (=adherir)a) [gen] to stick; [con cola] to glue, stick; [+ cartel] to stick up; [+ dos piezas] to fix together; (Inform) to pastelo puedes pegar con celo — you can stick it on with Sellotape ®, you can sellotape it on
b) (=coser) [+ botón] to sew on2) (=golpear) [gen] to hit; (=dar una torta a) to smackes un crimen pegar a los niños — it's a crime to hit o smack children
3) * (=dar)•
pegar un grito — to shout, cry out•
le han pegado un puntapié — they gave him a kick, they kicked him•
pegar un susto a algn — to scare sb, give sb a frightfuego 1)¡qué susto me has pegado! — what a fright you gave me!
4) (=arrimar)pegar una silla a una pared — to move o put a chair up against a wall
5) * (=contagiar) to give (a to)6)- pegarla8) Caribe [+ trabajo] to start2. VI1) (=adherir) to stick; (Inform) to paste2) (=agarrar) [planta] to take (root); [remedio] to take; [fuego] to catch3)pegar en algo — (=dar) to hit sth; (=rozar) to touch sth
pegaba con un palo en la puerta — he was pounding on o hitting the door with a stick
4) * (=armonizar) to go well, fit; [dos colores] to match, go togetherpegarle a algn: no le pega nada actuar así — it's not like him to act like that
pegar con algo — to match sth, go with sth
ese sombrero no pega con el abrigo — that hat doesn't match o go with the coat
5) * (=ser fuerte) to be strongeste vino pega (mucho) — this wine is really strong o goes to your head
6) * (=tener éxito)7) * (=creer)me pega que...: me pega que no vendrá — I have a hunch that he won't come
8)pegarle a algo — * to be a great one for sth *
3.See:* * *1.verbo transitivo1)a) <bofetada/patada> to giveb) <grito/chillido> to let outc) (fam) < repaso>2)pegó un póster en la pared — she stuck (o pinned etc) a poster up on the wall
b) ( coser) <mangas/botones> to sew onc) ( arrimar) to move... closer3) (fam) ( contagiar) < enfermedad> to give2.pegarla — (RPl fam) to be dead on (AmE colloq), to be spot on (BrE colloq)
pegar vi1)a) ( golpear)pegarle a alguien — to hit somebody; (a un niño, como castigo) to smack somebody
si vuelves a hacer eso, te pego — if you do that again, I'll smack you
b) (fam) ( hacerse popular) producto/moda to take off; artista to be very popularc) (fam) ( ser fuerte) viento to be strong2)a) ( adherir) to stickb) ( armonizar) to go together3.no pegar ni con cola — (fam)
pegarse v pron1)a) ( golpearse)me pegué con la mesa — I knocked o hit myself on the table
me pegué en la cabeza — I banged o knocked my head
se pegó un porrazo — (fam) she gave herself a nasty knock
pegársela — (Esp fam) to have a crash
pegársela a alguien — (Esp fam) ( ser infiel) to be unfaithful to somebody
b) (recípr) ( darse golpes) to hit each other2) < susto> to getpegarse una ducha — (fam) to take o have a shower
me voy a pegar unas vacaciones...! — I'm going to give myself a good vacation o (BrE) holiday
3)a) ( adherirse) to stickse pegó al or del timbre — she kept her finger on the doorbell
b) ( contagiarse) enfermedad to be infectiouseso se pega — you can easily catch it; (+ me/te/le etc)
se le pegó la costumbre de... — she got into the habit of...
* * *1 = plaster, affix, attach, glue, fasten together, stick, paste together, cement.Ex. Then it gets progressively worse as walls are washed away and vehicles plastered against houses and trees.Ex. Some libraries use small stickers affixed to the spines which have cartoons or ideograms indicating a special genre.Ex. In fixed location notation was physically attached to certain places on the shelves and books were always filed in the same place.Ex. The binding type specifies the type of binding ( glued, sewn).Ex. A book is physically a collection of sheets usually paper ones fastened together and protected by a cover which do form a genuine unit.Ex. Is it a matter of a library in one country sticking a pin in a map and requesting a document from the nearest library to where the pin is inserted?.Ex. The boards were generally made of wood up to the later fifteenth century; then of sheets of paper pasted together ('pasteboard'); and then, from the early eighteenth century in good-quality binding but later in cheap work, of rope-fibre millboard.Ex. An in-house bulletin may serve to cement firm relationships with the library's personnel.----* arrastrar y pegar = drag and drop.* copiar y pegar = copy and paste.* cortar y pegar = cut-and-paste.* goma de pegar = rubber solution.* ir pegado a = hug.* no pegar ni con cola = stick out like + a sore thumb.* pegar a Alguien = look + good on + Nombre.* pegar con cinta adhesiva = tape.* pegarse = stick together, bricking, blocking, rub off on.* pegarse a = stick to, have + a rub-off effect on.* pegarse como una lapa = cling like + a limpet, stick like + a limpet.* pegar sobre = paste onto.* pegar una nota en un sitio público = post.* * *1.verbo transitivo1)a) <bofetada/patada> to giveb) <grito/chillido> to let outc) (fam) < repaso>2)pegó un póster en la pared — she stuck (o pinned etc) a poster up on the wall
b) ( coser) <mangas/botones> to sew onc) ( arrimar) to move... closer3) (fam) ( contagiar) < enfermedad> to give2.pegarla — (RPl fam) to be dead on (AmE colloq), to be spot on (BrE colloq)
pegar vi1)a) ( golpear)pegarle a alguien — to hit somebody; (a un niño, como castigo) to smack somebody
si vuelves a hacer eso, te pego — if you do that again, I'll smack you
b) (fam) ( hacerse popular) producto/moda to take off; artista to be very popularc) (fam) ( ser fuerte) viento to be strong2)a) ( adherir) to stickb) ( armonizar) to go together3.no pegar ni con cola — (fam)
pegarse v pron1)a) ( golpearse)me pegué con la mesa — I knocked o hit myself on the table
me pegué en la cabeza — I banged o knocked my head
se pegó un porrazo — (fam) she gave herself a nasty knock
pegársela — (Esp fam) to have a crash
pegársela a alguien — (Esp fam) ( ser infiel) to be unfaithful to somebody
b) (recípr) ( darse golpes) to hit each other2) < susto> to getpegarse una ducha — (fam) to take o have a shower
me voy a pegar unas vacaciones...! — I'm going to give myself a good vacation o (BrE) holiday
3)a) ( adherirse) to stickse pegó al or del timbre — she kept her finger on the doorbell
b) ( contagiarse) enfermedad to be infectiouseso se pega — you can easily catch it; (+ me/te/le etc)
se le pegó la costumbre de... — she got into the habit of...
* * *pegar22 = hit, spank, smack, whip, beat, belt, whack.Ex: When I saw what he was up to, I drew back for a punch and hit him so hard on the nose that he fell on his back and lay there for some time, so that his wife stood over him and cried out 'Mercy! You've done my husband in!'.
Ex: In addition, both physical & verbal violence appear to be transgenerational: people who were spanked frequently as children are more prone to frequently spank their own children.Ex: Parents who endorse the use of non-coercive management techniques smack their children as well.Ex: He got whipped by policemen right here in Montgomery.Ex: Flexible moulds made of laminated paper called 'flong' were first used in Lyons in 1829 and were blotting and tissue paper pasted together, and the mould was formed by beating damp flong on the face of the type.Ex: They chased him and one belted him over the head with the bar, forcing him to the ground.Ex: The assailants, he said, did not know 'if I was straight or gay, I just happened to pass by and got whacked on the head'.* pegar chillidos = shriek.* pegar en el larguero = hit + the crossbar.* pegar en el travesaño = hit + the crossbar.* pegar fuerte = hit + hard, pack + a wallop.* pegar gritos = shriek, shout.* pegarse una hostia = come + a cropper.* pegar un estirón = shoot up.* pegar un puñetazo = sock.* pegar un repullo = give + a start, startle.* pegar un respingo = give + a start, startle.* pegar un susto = spook.1 = plaster, affix, attach, glue, fasten together, stick, paste together, cement.Ex: Then it gets progressively worse as walls are washed away and vehicles plastered against houses and trees.
Ex: Some libraries use small stickers affixed to the spines which have cartoons or ideograms indicating a special genre.Ex: In fixed location notation was physically attached to certain places on the shelves and books were always filed in the same place.Ex: The binding type specifies the type of binding ( glued, sewn).Ex: A book is physically a collection of sheets usually paper ones fastened together and protected by a cover which do form a genuine unit.Ex: Is it a matter of a library in one country sticking a pin in a map and requesting a document from the nearest library to where the pin is inserted?.Ex: The boards were generally made of wood up to the later fifteenth century; then of sheets of paper pasted together ('pasteboard'); and then, from the early eighteenth century in good-quality binding but later in cheap work, of rope-fibre millboard.Ex: An in-house bulletin may serve to cement firm relationships with the library's personnel.* arrastrar y pegar = drag and drop.* copiar y pegar = copy and paste.* cortar y pegar = cut-and-paste.* goma de pegar = rubber solution.* ir pegado a = hug.* no pegar ni con cola = stick out like + a sore thumb.* pegar a Alguien = look + good on + Nombre.* pegar con cinta adhesiva = tape.* pegarse = stick together, bricking, blocking, rub off on.* pegarse a = stick to, have + a rub-off effect on.* pegarse como una lapa = cling like + a limpet, stick like + a limpet.* pegar sobre = paste onto.* pegar una nota en un sitio público = post.* * *pegar [A3 ]vtA1 (propinar) ‹bofetada/paliza/patada› to givele pegó una paliza terrible he gave him a terrible beatingle pegué una patada en la rodilla I gave him a kick on the knee, I kicked him on the kneete voy a pegar un coscorrón I'm going to clout you o give you such a clout! ( colloq)le pegaron un tiro they shot her2 ‹grito/salto›pegó un chillido she let out a scream, she screamedles pegó cuatro gritos y se callaron she shouted at them and they shut uppegó un salto de alegría he jumped for joypegó media vuelta y se fue he turned around and walked away3 ‹susto› to give¡qué susto me pegaste! you gave me a terrible fright!4 ( fam) ‹repaso›pégale un repaso a este capítulo look over this chapter againle pegué una miradita I had a quick look at itBpegué los sellos en el sobre I stuck the stamps on the envelope¿cómo pego la suela? how can I stick the sole?vamos a pegar todos los pedazos we're going to glue o stick all the pieces back togetherpegó un póster en la pared she stuck ( o pinned etc) a poster up on the wall2 (coser) ‹mangas/botones› to sew … onni siquiera sabe pegar un botón he can't even sew a button on3 (arrimar, acercar) to move … closerpega el coche un poco más a la raya move the car a little closer to the linepegó el oído a la pared he put his ear to the wall4 ( Inf) to pasteC ( fam) (contagiar) ‹enfermedad› to giveno te acerques, que te pego la gripe don't come near me, I'll give you my flu o you'll get my flula verdad es que la pegamos con su regalo we really were dead on o spot on with her giftcon este espectáculo sí la vamos a pegar we're going to have a big hit with this show ( colloq)■ pegarviA1dicen que le pega a su mujer they say he beats his wifesi vuelves a hacer eso, te pego if you do that again, I'll smack you¡a mí no me vas a pegar! don't you dare hit me!la pelota pegó en el poste the ball hit the goalpostpegarle a algo ( fam): ¡cómo le pegan al vino! they sure like their wine ( colloq), they certainly knock back the wine ( colloq)2 ( fam) (hacerse popular) to take offsi el producto no pega, quebramos if the product doesn't take off o catch on, we'll go underuna artista que pega en el extranjero an artist who's very popular abroadsu último disco está pegando fuerte her latest record is a big hit ( colloq)3 ( fam) (ser fuerte) «viento» to be strong¡cómo pegaba el sol! the sun was really beating down!, the sun was really hot!este vino pega muchísimo this wine's really strong, this wine goes to your headB1 (adherir) to stick2 (armonizar) to go togetherestos colores no pegan these colors* don't go togetherpegar CON algo to go WITH sthesos zapatos no pegan con el vestido those shoes don't go (well) with the dressesa mesa no pega con los demás muebles that table doesn't fit in with o go with the rest of the furnitureel vino blanco no pega con la carne white wine doesn't go with meatno pegar ni con cola or no pegar ni juntar ( fam): esos colores no pegan ni con cola those colors* don't go together at alleste cuadro aquí no pega ni con cola this picture looks really out of place hereno pegamos ni juntamos en este ambiente we stick out like a sore thumb in a place like thispegó para su casa she made o headed for home■ pegarseA1(golpearse): me pegué con la mesa I bumped into the table, I knocked myself on the tableme pegué en la cabeza I banged o knocked my headme pegué un golpe muy fuerte en la pierna I hit my leg really hardse cayó de la bicicleta y se pegó un porrazo ( fam); she fell off her bike and gave herself a nasty knockpegársela a algn ( Esp fam); (ser infiel) to be unfaithful to sb, cheat on sb ( AmE colloq); (traicionar) to double-cross sb, do the dirty on sb ( colloq)2 ( recípr) (darse golpes) to hit each otherestos niños siempre se están pegando these kids are always hitting each other o fightingB1 ‹susto›¡qué susto me pegué cuando la vi! I got such a fright when I saw her2 ‹tiro›se pegó un tiro en la sien he shot himself in the head¡es para pegarse un tiro! it's enough to drive you crazy o mad!3 ( fam)(tomarse, darse): me voy a pegar una ducha I'm going to take o have a showertuvimos que pegarnos una corrida para no perder el tren we had to run to catch the trainanoche nos pegamos una comilona tremenda we had an amazing meal last night ( colloq)¡me voy a pegar unas vacaciones …! I'm going to give myself o have myself a good vacationme pegué el día entero estudiando I spent the whole day studyingme pegué cuatro días sin salir de casa I didn't leave the house for four days, I went (for) four days without leaving the house ( colloq)C1 (adherirse) to stickno consigo que este sobre se pegue I can't get this envelope to stickse me ha pegado el arroz the rice has stuckmi madre se pega al or del teléfono y no para de hablar once my mother gets yakking on the phone there's no stopping her ( colloq)se pegó al or del timbre she kept her finger on o she leaned on the doorbellse me pega y después no se qué hacer para deshacerme de él he latches on to me and then I can't get rid of him2«costumbre/enfermedad» (contagiarse) (+ me/te/le etc): en Inglaterra se le pegó la costumbre de tomar té in England she got into the habit of drinking tease le ha pegado el acento mexicano he's picked up a Mexican accentno te acerques, que se te va a pegar el catarro don't come too close or you'll catch my cold* * *
pegar ( conjugate pegar) verbo transitivo
1
le pegaron un tiro they shot her
pegarle un susto a algn to give sb a fright
2
( con cola) to glue, stick
3 (fam) ( contagiar) ‹ enfermedad› to give;
verbo intransitivo
1
(a un niño, como castigo) to smack sb;
la pelota pegó en el poste the ball hit the goalpost
[ artista] to be very popular
2
pegar CON algo to go with sth;
pegarse verbo pronominal
1a) ( golpearse):◊ me pegué con la mesa I knocked o hit myself on the table;
me pegué en la cabeza I banged o knocked my head
2 ‹ susto› to get;
3 ( contagiarse) [ enfermedad] to be infectious;
se te va a pegar mi catarro you'll catch my cold;
se le ha pegado el acento mexicano he's picked up a Mexican accent
pegar
I verbo transitivo
1 (adherir) to stick
(con pegamento) to glue
2 (coser) to sew on
3 (arrimar) lean against: es mejor que pegues la cuna a la pared, you'd better put the cradle against the wall
4 (un susto, una enfermedad) to give
5 (realizar una acción) pegó fuego a la casa, he set the house on fire
pegó saltos de alegría, he jumped for joy
6 (maltratar) to hit: no pegues al niño, don't hit the child
II verbo intransitivo
1 (combinar) to match: ese jersey no pega con esos pantalones, that sweater doesn't go with those trousers
(estar próximo a) to be next to: su casa está pegada al cine, his house is next to the cinema
2 (sol) to beat down
♦ Locuciones: no pegar ojo, not to sleep a wink
' pegar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
cartel
- cascar
- frenazo
- hebra
- ojo
- respingo
- reventón
- sacudir
- zurrar
- acertar
- culo
- dar
- estirón
- golpear
- maltratar
- rebote
- salto
- sonar
English:
affix
- beat
- beat down
- believe in
- belt
- bond
- give
- glue
- gum
- hang
- hit
- paste
- punch
- put up
- scare
- sellotape
- sew on
- shoot
- slap
- slug
- smack
- stick
- stick together
- strike
- tape
- wallop
- alone
- attach
- crack
- even
- go
- jolt
- superglue
- wink
* * *♦ vt1. [adherir] to stick;[con pegamento] to glue; [póster, cartel] to fix, to put up; [botón] to sew on;pegó la suela al zapato he stuck the sole on the shoeno pegues la silla tanto a la pared don't put the chair so close up against the wall;3. [golpear] to hit;el balón me pegó en la cara the ball hit me in the face;pega a su mujer/a sus hijos he beats his wife/children4. [dar] [bofetada, paliza, patada] to give;pegó un golpe sobre la mesa he banged the table;pegar un golpe a alguien to hit sb;pegar un susto a alguien to give sb a fright;pegar un disgusto a alguien to upset sb;pegar un tiro a alguien to shoot sbpegar un grito to cry out, to let out a cry;no arreglas nada pegando gritos it's no use shouting;pegar un respingo to (give a) start;pegaban saltos de alegría they were jumping for joy;pegar un suspiro to (give a) sigh;pegar fuego a algo to set sth on fire, to set fire to sthle pegó el sarampión a su hermano she gave her brother measles7. [corresponder a, ir bien a] to suit;no le pega ese vestido that dress doesn't suit her;esta corbata pega con esa camisa this tie goes with that shirt;no le pega ese novio that boyfriend isn't right for her8. Informát to pastela pegamos con esa idea we were spot on with that idea♦ vi1. [adherir] to stick2. [golpear] to hit;la lluvia pegaba en la ventana the rain was driving against the windowpane;una bala pegó contra el techo a bullet hit the ceiling;la pelota pegó en el larguero the ball hit the crossbar3. [armonizar] to go together, to match;no pegan nada they don't go together o match at all;no pega mucho un bingo en este barrio a bingo hall doesn't really fit o looks rather out of place in this part of town;pegar con to go with;un color que pegue (bien) con el rojo a colour that goes (well) with red[viento, aire] to be strong; [vino, licor, droga] to be strong stuff, to pack a punch;el aire pega de costado there's a strong side wind;¡cómo pega el sol! it's absolutely scorching!el restaurante pega con a la estación the restaurant's right next to the stationeste grupo está pegando mucho últimamente this group is massive at the moment;una nueva generación de tenistas viene pegando fuerte a new generation of tennis players is beginning to come through* * *I v/t1 ( golpear) hit2 ( adherir) stick, gluepegar un grito shout, give a shout;no me pega la gana Méx I don’t feel like itII v/i1 ( golpear) hit2 ( adherir) stick4 ( armonizar) go (together)* * *pegar {52} vt1) : to glue, to stick, to paste2) : to attach, to sew on3) : to infect with, to giveme pegó el resfriado: he gave me his cold4) golpear: to hit, to deal, to strikeme pegaron un puntapié: they gave me a kick5) : to give (out with)pegó un grito: she let out a yellpegar vi1) : to adhere, to stick2)pegar en : to hit, to strike (against)3)pegar con : to match, to go with* * *pegar vb5. (armonizar) to go -
65 sotto (a)
sotto (a) prep.1 ( in luogo o posizione inferiore o sottostante) under; beneath, underneath: sotto (a) il sole, sotto (a) le stelle, under the sun, beneath the stars; lo sgabello è sotto (a) il tavolo, the stool is under the table; sotto (a) il divano c'è un tappeto, there is a carpet under the settee; sotto (a) il cappotto indossava un abito di seta, she was wearing a silk dress under her coat; portava un libro sotto (a) il braccio, he carried a book under his arm; la campagna era sotto (a) una coltre di neve, the countryside was under a mantle of snow; erano in due sotto (a) l'ombrello, there were two of them under the umbrella; si ripararono sotto (a) un albero, they sheltered under a tree; cercare una parola sotto (a) la lettera S, to look up a word under the letter S; il ritrovo dei partecipanti era sotto (a) l'orologio della stazione, the participants were to meet under (neath) the station clock; hanno costruito un tunnel sotto (a) la Manica, a tunnel was built under the Channel; passare sotto (a) un ponte, to go under a bridge; ho ritrovato il documento sotto (a) un mucchio di pratiche, I found the document under a pile of papers; vivere sotto (a) lo stesso tetto, to live under the same roof; nuotare sott'acqua, to swim underwater; estrasse una pistola da sotto (a) la giacca, he took out a gun from under his jacket // infilarsi sotto (a) le coperte, to slip between the sheets // passeggiare sotto (a) i portici, to stroll through the arcade // conservare sott'olio, sott'aceto, to preserve in oil, to pickle2 ( più in basso, al di sotto di) below (anche fig.); ( a sud di) south of: sotto (a) il livello del mare, below sea level; sotto (a) la media, below average; la pianura si stende sotto (a) il castello, the plain stretches below the castle; il rifugio era proprio sotto (a) la vetta, the refuge hut was just below the summit; il corteo passò sotto (a) le mie finestre, the procession passed below my windows; metti la tua firma sotto (a) la mia, put your signature below mine; ha 500 dipendenti sotto (a) di sé, he has 500 workers under him; la temperatura era scesa sotto (a) lo zero, the temperature had fallen below zero; Roma è sotto (a) Firenze, Rome is south of Florence; il Sud Africa è sotto (a) l'equatore, South Africa is below the equator // (mar.) sotto (a) ponte, below deck // (fin.) sotto (a) la pari, below par (o at a discount) // al di sotto (a) di → disotto3 (per indicare subordinazione, influsso, condizione) under: sotto (a) la bandiera italiana, under the Italian flag; sotto (a) la direzione, la guida di..., under the management, the guide of...; sotto (a) il nome di..., under the name of...; sotto (a) il fuoco nemico, under enemy fire; sotto (a) il regno di Elisabetta I, sotto (a) gli Stuart, sotto (a) Augusto, under the reign of Elizabeth I, under the Stuarts, under Augustus; nel 1848 la Lombardia era sotto (a) la dominazione austriaca, in 1848 Lombardy was under Austrian rule; mettere qlcu. sotto (a) la protezione della polizia, to put s.o. under police protection; avere qlcu. sotto (a) la propria tutela, to have s.o. under one's care; agire sotto (a) l'effetto di un farmaco, to act under the influence of a drug // sotto (a) la pioggia, in the rain // essere nato sotto (a) una buona, cattiva stella, to be born under a lucky, an unlucky star // studiare sotto (a) un buon maestro, to study with a good teacher // sotto (a) minaccia di morte, on pain of death; sotto (a) processo, on trial; sotto (a) giuramento, on (o under) oath4 ( meno di) under: essere sotto (a) la quarantina, to be under forty; atleti sotto (a) i 21 anni, athletes under 21; un reddito annuo sotto (a) i 16.000 euro, an annual income of under 16,000 euros; essere sotto (a) peso, to be underweight; gli abitanti erano di poco sotto (a) il migliaio, there were just under a thousand inhabitants5 (in prossimità di, con valore temporale): qui gli alberghi sono pieni sotto (a) Pasqua, hotels here are full up at Eastertime; siamo ormai sotto (a) gli esami, it's exam time◆ agg.invar. ( inferiore) below: il piano (di) sotto (a), the floor below; leggi la riga sotto (a), read the line below◆ s.m. ( la parte inferiore) bottom; underside: il sotto (a) della pentola è di rame, the bottom of the pan is made of copper; il sotto (a) della coperta è di raso, the underside of the cover is made of satin.◆ FRASEOLOGIA: un lupo sotto (a) la veste d'agnello, a wolf in sheep's clothing // sotto (a) questo aspetto, from that point of view; sotto (a) ogni punto di vista, from every point of view // andare sotto (a) un'automobile, to be run over by a car; mettere sotto (a) qlcu., to run s.o. over // mettere qlcu. sotto (a) i piedi, to treat s.o. like a doormat // avere qlco. sotto (a) il naso, to have sthg. under one's nose; mettere qlco. sotto (a) i denti, to have a bite to eat // tenere qlcu. sott'occhio, to keep an eye on s.o. // passare qlco. sotto (a) silenzio, to keep quiet about sthg. -
66 cavea
I.In gen., Plin. 11, 2, 2, § 3.—Hence,II.Esp.A.An enclosure for animals (cf. caulae), a stall, cage, den, coop, beehive, bird-cage, and the like, Lucr. 6, 198; 3, 684; Hor. A. P. 473; Mart. 9, 58, 10; 9, 89, 4; Suet. Calig. 27; id. Ner. 29 al.—Of a birdcage, Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 67; id. Curc. 3, 1, 79; cf. id. Capt. 1, 2, 15; Cic. Div. 2, 35, 73; id. N. D. 2, 3, 7; Mart. 14, 77.—Of a beehive, Verg. G. 4, 58; Col. 9, 7, 4; 9, 15, 7; 9, 15, 9.— Hence,B.An enclosure about a young tree, in order to protect it from injury, Col. 5, 6, 21; 5, 9, 11; Pall. Febr. 10, 5; a hedge before the windows of a cage, Col. 8, 8, 4.—C.In the human body.1.The roof of the mouth, Prud. Cath. 2, 92.—2.The sockets of the eyes, Lact. Mort. Pers. 40, 5.—D.The part of the theatre in which spectators sat, spectators ' seats or benches, Plaut. Am. prol. 66; Cic. Lael. 7, 24; Lucr. 4, 78; Verg. A. 5, 340; 8, 636; on account of the ascending rows of benches, ima or prima, the seat of the nobility, media and summa or ultima, the seat of the lower classes, Cic. Sen. 14, 48; Suet. Aug. 44; id. Claud. 21; Sen. Tranq. 11:2.CAV. II.,
Inscr. Orell. 2539; cf. Dict. of Antiq.—Meton.a.(Pars pro toto.) The theatre in gen., Plaut. Truc. 5, 1. 39; Cic. Leg. 2, 15, 38.—b.The spectators, Stat. Th. 1, 423. -
67 fenestro
I.Lit.:* II.media oculorum cornua fenestravit pupilla,
Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 148. —In part. perf.:valvata ac fenestrata triclinia,
Varr. L. L. 8, § 29 Müll.:singulae partes turris,
Vitr. 10, 19 med. —Trop.:oportuit hominum pectora fenestrata et aperta esse,
Vitr. 3 praef. -
68 квиктайм
квиктайм
1) Системное расширение операционной системы OS System 7 компьютеров Macintosh фирмы Apple. Предназначено для работы с динамическими мультимедиа-данными (анимация, видео, звук).
2) Формат видеофайлов для OS System 7 (теперь есть и под Windows).
[ http://www.iks-media.ru/glossary/index.html?glossid=2400324]Тематики
- электросвязь, основные понятия
EN
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > квиктайм
-
69 торговая организация (совет) multimedia PC
- MPC Marketing Council: Multimedia PC Marketing Council
торговая организация (совет) multimedia PC
Состоит из фирм-производителей аппаратного обеспечения (AT&T, CompuAdd, Greative Labs, Media Vision, NEC Technology, Olivetty, Phillips Consumer Electronics, Tandy, Video Seven, Zenith Data Systems) и программного обеспечения (Microsoft). Осуществляет продажу лицензий на средства мультисреды, на товарный знак МРС (при условии полной совместимости ПП с Microsoft Windows Multimedia Extensions 1.0); торговая марка МРС. Продается по лицензии советом МРС Marketing Council. Марка МРС может ставиться на трех видах изделий: на ПЭВМ, компонентах для модификации и на программных пакетах, причем для этого изделия должны соответствовать минимальной спецификации стандарта МРС.
[Е.С.Алексеев, А.А.Мячев. Англо-русский толковый словарь по системотехнике ЭВМ. Москва 1993]Тематики
EN
- MPC Marketing Council: Multimedia PC Marketing Council
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > торговая организация (совет) multimedia PC
См. также в других словарях:
Windows Media — Player Lecteur Windows Media Développeur Microsoft Dernière version … Wikipédia en Français
Windows Media — ist eine Technologie Plattform von Microsoft, die u. a. einen Player (Windows Media Player), eine Reihe von Audio und Video Codecs (Windows Media Audio, Windows Media Video u. a.) sowie Windows Media Encoder, Windows Media Server sowie ein… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Windows Media — is a multimedia framework for media creation and distribution for Microsoft Windows. It consists of a software development kit with several application programming interfaces and a number of prebuilt technologies.Applications*Windows Media Player … Wikipedia
Windows Media — Windows Media мультимедийный набор от Microsoft для создания и распространения аудио и видеофайлов для Windows. Включает набор средств разработки и интерфейс программирования приложений. Составляющие Приложения Windows Media Encoder Windows … Википедия
Windows Media — es un framework multimedia para la creación y distribución de medios para Microsoft Windows. Se compone de un kit de desarrollo de software con varias interfaces de programación de aplicaciones y un número de tecnologías precompiladas. Es el… … Wikipedia Español
Windows Media Player — A component of Microsoft Windows Details … Wikipedia
Windows Media Audio — Filename extension .wma Internet media type audio/x ms wma Uniform Type Identifier com.microsoft.windows ?media wma … Wikipedia
Windows Media Center — A component of Microsoft Windows … Wikipedia
Windows Media Center — Entwickler Microsoft Aktuelle Version 6.1.7600.16385 (2009) Betriebssystem Windows Kategorie Media Center Lizenz … Deutsch Wikipedia
Windows Media Player — Entwickler Microsoft Corporation Aktuelle … Deutsch Wikipedia
Windows Media Player 11 — Windows Media Player Windows Media Player 11 для Windows Vista Тип мультимедиа проигрыватель Разработчик Microsoft Corporation … Википедия