windisch

ἔμφυτος, ον (ἐμφύω ‘to implant’; since Pre-Socr., Trag., Hdt.; ins, pap; Wsd 12:10; Ps.-Phoc. 128; Philo; Jos., Bell. 1, 88, Ant. 16, 232; Just. Ath., R. 63, 19 al.; ABurger, Les mots de la famille de φύω en grec ancien 1925) in gener. lit. mostly in the sense ‘implanted by natural process, inborn’ (Hdt. 9, 94, 3 ἔμφυτον αὐτίκα μαντικὴν εἶχε) in our lit. only in fig. extension of mng., with ref. to subsequent implantation but with connotation of quality (in contrast to someth. that is developed, e.g., through personal effort Pla., Eryxias 398c; cp. Pind., N. 3, 40f) implanted λόγος ἔ. the word of the gospel implanted in you Js 1:21 (as someth. implanted the word is permanently established in the individual and like inborn assets functions in an exceptional manner; s. WKnox, JTS 46, ’45, 14f). ἡ ἔ. δωρεὰ τῆς διδαχῆς αὐτοῦ the implanted gift of his teaching B 9:9. οὕτως ἔ. τῆς δωρεᾶς πνευματικῆς χάριν εἰλήφατε so implanted have you received the benefit of the spiritual gift 1:2 (i.e. God’s beneficence is productive, as attested by the illustrious spiritual character of the recipients, vs. 2a; οὗ τό v.l.: whose implanted blessing, the favor of the spiritual gift, you have received; s. Windisch, Hdb. ad loc.).—DELG s.v. φύομαι. M-M. TW.

ἱερεύς, έως, ὁ(Hom.+; acc.-έαν GJs 15:2) priest

ⓐ lit., w. focus on cultic function

α. of Gr-Rom. priests (Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1, 12 Jac.; Tat. 36, 1 Βηρωσσός al.; Ath. 28, 1) Ac 14:13; 1 Cl 25:5. οἱ ἱερεῖς τ. εἰδώλων B 9:6.

β. of Israel’s priests (Diod S 40, 3, 4 and 5); ordinary: ὁ ἱερεύς the priest who officiates in a given situation (Lev 13:2ff; Just., D. 115, 3 al.) Mt 8:4; Mk 1:44; Lk 5:14. Otherwise of an individual priest 1:5; 10:31; Hb 8:4; 10:11 (v.l. ἀρχι-). Pl. Mt 12:4f; Mk 2:26; Lk 6:4; 17:14; 20:1 v.l.; J 1:19; 8:4 D; Ac 4:1 (v.l. ἀρχι-); 6:7; Hb 7:14f, 20, 23; 9:6; GPt 7:25; B 7:4 (quot. of unknown orig.; s. Windisch ad loc.), vs. 6 (cp. Lev. 16:5). IPhld 9:1; GJs 4:3; 6:2 (twice); 8:2 (twice); 10:1; 24:1 (twice), 2, 4. W. Λευῖται 1 Cl 32:2 (cp. Lk 10:31 and 32: Named before the Levites as Jos., Ant. 11, 80f and oft. in Joseph. [Schmidt 358]). W. the Lev. and the ἀρχιερεύς 40:5. οἱ ἱ. τοῦ ναοῦ B 7:3.—Of the high priest (Diod S 34 + 35 Fgm. 1, 3; 3 Km 1:8; Bar 1:7; 1 Macc 15:1) Ac 5:27 D. Ἀαρὼν ὁ ἱερεύς (cp. Ex 35:19; Lev 13:2.—ἱ. also of Gr-Rom. high priests in Mayser II/2 p. 465; Appian, Bell. Civ. 4, 134 §562 Caesar, the Pontifex Maximus, is called a ἱ.; Synes., Prov. 2, 3 p. 122a) GEb 13, 75 (s. GHb 361, 7 servus sacerdotis); GJs 5:1 (twice); 7:2; 8:3; 9:1 (three times), 2; 10:1 (three times); 12:1 (twice); 15:2 (foll. by ἀρχιερεύς, q.v.; s. also HGreeven, NTS 6, ’60, 295f).

ⓑ fig. ext. of a

α. of Christ, who is called in Hb ἱερεὺς (in sense aβ; s. 5:5f; Just., D. 34, 2 al.) εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα κατὰ τὴν τάξιν Μελχισέδεκ (Ps 109:4) 5:6; 7:17, 21; also ἱερεὺς μέγας (1 Macc 12:20; cp. Sir 50:1; Jdth 4:6, 8, 14; Philo, Spec. Leg. 1, 161 al.=ἀρχιερεύς) 10:21. Cp. also 7:1, 3, 11 and s. ἀρχιερεύς 2a; CSpicq, MGoguel Festschr. ’50, 258–69.

β. of the Christians ἱερεῖς τοῦ θεοῦ priests of God Rv 20:6; cp. 1:6; 5:10 (Diog. L. 7, 119: acc. to the Stoa the σοφοί are the only real priests).—AGunneweg, Leviten u. Priester ’65; B. 1472.—Frisk s.v. ἱερός. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

ὄφις, εως, ὁ (Hom.+; SIG 1168, 113 of the snake that functioned in healings in the temple of Asclepius at Epidaurus; PGM 8, 11; 13, 261; 881; LXX; pseudepigr., Philo; Jos., Bell. 5, 108, Ant. 1, 41; 2, 287; Just.; Ath. 1, 1) ‘snake, serpent’

① a limbless reptile, snake, serpent Mt 7:10 (s. BHjerl-Hansen, RB 55, ’48, 195–98); Mk 16:18; Lk 11:11; 1 Cor 10:9 (Diod S 5, 58, 4 ὑπὸ τῶν ὄφεων διαφθαρῆναι); Rv 9:19 (cp. Achilles Tat. 1, 3, 4 ὄφεις αἱ κόμαι). ὄφεις καὶ σκορπίοι (Procop. Soph., Ep. 136; Sb 6584, 6; Cat. Cod. Astr. VII 177, 21; Dt 8:15; Philo, Praem. 90) Lk 10:19 (cp. Dt 8:15; Ps 90:13 on protection fr. snakes). Symbol of cleverness (cp. Gen 3:1; symbol of another kind Hyperides, Fgm. 80) Mt 10:16; IPol 2:2. Of the brass serpent in the desert (Num 21:6–9; Wsd 16:5f) χαλκοῦς ὀφ. (Num 21:9; cp. 4 Km 18:4; Just., D. 94, 3) 12:6. This serpent, raised aloft, as a type of Jesus J 3:14; 12:5–7 (a typological evaluation of Num 21:6–9 also in Philo, Leg. All. 2, 77ff, Agr. 95; Just., D. 91, 4 al.—Appian, Mithrid. 77 §335 tells of a χαλκοῦς ὄφις in memory of Philoctetes; Diod S 2, 9, 5 of ὄφεις ἀργυροί on the temple of Zeus in Babylon).

② a person perceived as dangerous, snake fig. ext. of 1 (cp. SibOr 5:29 of Nero) ὄφεις γεννήματα ἐχιδνῶν you snakes, you brood of vipers Mt 23:33.

③ a symbolic figure, frequent in mythology, serpent (Apollon. Rhod. 4, 128 the serpent guarding the golden fleece; 4, 1434 the Lernaean Hydra; PGM 4, 1638 the sun-god as ὁ μέγας ὄφις.—WGrafBaudissin, Studien zur semitischen Religionsgesch. I 1876, 257ff, RE V 1898, 3ff; XVII 1906, 580ff; HGunkel, Schöpfung u. Chaos 1895, 29ff; 320ff; JFrazer, The Golden Bough³ IV 1, 1919, 80ff; Pauly-W. 2nd series II/1, 508f; EKüster, D. Schlange in der griech. Kunst u. Religion 1913; EUl-back, The Serpent in Myth and Scripture: BS 90, ’33, 449–55), as a designation for the devil (s. δράκων) serpent Rv 12:14f; Dg 12:3, 6, 8 (here in vs. 6 the serpent of Paradise is clearly the devil; Did., Gen. 96, 18). ἦλθεν ὁ ὄφ. … καὶ ἐμίανεν αὐτήν the devil came and defiled (Eve) GJs 13:1. τοῦ ὄφεως πίστιν ἔχουσιν they (the Gnostics) have the faith of a snake AcPlCor 2:20. ὁ ὄφ. ὁ ἀρχαῖος (s. ἀρχαῖος 1) Rv 12:9; 20:2. In speaking of the serpent that seduced Eve, Paul evidently has the devil in mind 2 Cor 11:3 (Just., A I, 28, 1 al.; cp. 4 Macc 18:8; ApcMos 17.—Ltzm. and Windisch on 2 Cor 11:3; Dibelius, Geisterwelt 50f; SReinach, La Femme et la Serpent: L’Anthropologie 35, 1905, 178ff).—B. 194. BHHW III 1699–1701. Kl. Pauly VI 12–17. DELG. M-M. TW.

ὑπηρέτης, ου, ὁ (Aeschyl., Hdt.+; ins, pap, LXX; TestBenj 3:8; EpArist, Philo, Joseph., Just.; Tat. 4, 2; loanw. in rabb.; freq. as t.t. for a governmental or other official) one who functions as a helper, freq. in a subordinate capacity, helper, assistant (e.g. a physician’s assistant: Hobart 88f; as adjutant: Arrian, Tact. 10, 4; 14, 4; the lictor beside the consul: Appian, Liby. 90 §424; the 20 senators with Pompey: Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 18 §67; the priest’s helpers: Diod S 1, 73, 3; the assistant to the ἡγούμενος of a cultic fellowship: Sb 7835, 11 [I B.C.]) Dg 7:2. John (Mark) as ὑπ. of Paul and Barnabas Ac 13:5 (BHolmes, Luke’s Description of John Mark: JBL 54, ’35, 63–72; WHadorn, D. Gefährten u. Mitarbeiter des Pls: ASchlatter Festschr. 1922, 65–82; RTaylor, ET 54, ’42/43, 136–38). Of the attendants of a board or court (Diod S 14, 5, 1f and Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 31 §138 of attendants of the court; Diod S 17, 30, 4 παρέδωκε τοῖς ὑπηρέταις … ἀποκτεῖναι; Maximus Tyr. 3, 2b), of the Sanhedrin (Jos., Bell. 1, 655 παρέδωκεν τοῖς ὑπ. ἀνελεῖν, Ant. 4, 37 πέμψας ὑπ.; 16, 232) Mt 5:25 (Ael. Aristid. 45 p. 68 D.: ὁ δικαστὴς παραδίδωσι τ. ὑπηρέταις ‘deputies’); 26:58; Mk 14:54, 65; J 7:32, 45f; 18:3, 12, 22; 19:6; Ac 5:22, 26; GJs 10:1; 15:2. W. δοῦλοι (as Pla., Polit. 289c [on this Collins 81–84, s. below]; Just., A I, 14, 1) J 18:18. Of a synagogue attendant (as prob. in the Roman-Jewish grave ins: RGarrucci, Dissertazioni archeologiche II 1865, p. 166 no. 22) Lk 4:20 (ὑπ. as a title of cult officials: Thieme 33. Also Musaeus, Fgm. 11 Diels [Paus. 10, 5, 6]: Pyrcon as Poseidon’s ὑπηρέτης ἐς τὰ μαντεύματα; Dio Chrys. 19 [36], 33 ὑπ. τῶν τελετῶν; PLond 2710 recto, 11 [HTR 29, ’36, p. 40; 50]). Of a king’s retinue J 18:36; GJs 21:2; 23:1f. The apostles as assistants of Christ Ac 26:16; 1 Cor 4:1 (Epict. 3, 22, 82 the Cynic as ὑπ. τοῦ Διός; Galen, Protr. 5 p. 12, 5 J.: Socr., Hom. et al. as ὑπ. τοῦ θεοῦ; Pythagorean saying: WienerStud 8, 1886, p. 278 no. 105 τὸν εὐεργετοῦντά σε εἰς ψυχὴν ὡς ὑπηρέτην θεοῦ μετὰ θεὸν τίμα=one who has benefited you spiritually, esteem as God’s helper after God; Sextus 319; Just., D. 57, 3). Believers gener. as θεοῦ ὑπηρέται (w. οἰκονόμοι [as 1 Cor 4:1] and πάρεδροι) IPol 6:1 (cp. PGM 59, 3; 5 and Jos., Bell. 2, 321, Ant. 3, 16).—Also w. objective gen. of that to which services are rendered (Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 41 §169 τῆς πατρίδος ὑπ.; Wsd 6:4) ὑπηρέται τοῦ λόγου ministers of the word Lk 1:2 (cp. the role of a scribe Sir 39:1–4; PMather, BR 30, ’85, 28f). ἐκκλησίας θεοῦ ὑπηρέται servants of God’s assembly/church ITr 2:3.—On the obscure οἱ τῶν ἐχθρῶν ὑπηρέται B 16:4 s. Windisch, Hdb. ad loc.—On the functions of the ὑπ. in Greco-Rom. Egypt, HKupiszewski and JModrzejewski, JJP XI and XII, ’57/58, 141–66; JCollins, Diakonia ’90, esp. 81–84, 173–75.—B. 1334. DELG. M-M. TW. Spicq. Sv.

ὕαινα, ης, ἡ hyena (so Hdt. et al.; PAth 4, 12 [III A.D.]; Sir 13:18; Jer 12:9), named as an unclean animal whose flesh Israelites were not permitted to eat (but no specific prohibition in the OT) B 10:7 (for the extraordinary interpr. represented here s. Windisch ad loc; also Diod S 32, 12, 2, a report from mythological writers who maintain concerning the hyena ἄρρενας ἅμα καὶ θηλείας ὑπάρχειν καὶ παρʼ ἐνιαυτὸν ἀλλήλους ὀχεύειν=are now male and then female and in alternate years have intercourse w. one another; Aesop, Fab. 242; 243 P.=405; 406 H.; Cyranides p. 74, 14–16; Horapollo 2, 69). OKeller, Antike Tierwelt 1909–13, I 152–57; NHenkel, Studien zum Physiologus im Mittelalter ’76, 175 (reff.).—BHHW II 755. Pauly-W. Suppl. IV 1924, 761–68. DELG s.v. ὗς.

ῥέω (Hom.+; ins, pap, LXX; TestJob 13:1; JosAs 29:1; Apc-Mos; SibOr 3, 54; Philo; Jos., Bell. 6, 105 μνήμη ῥέουσα διʼ αἰῶνος; Just.; Mel., HE 4, 26, 9) fut. ῥεύσω (B-D-F §77; Rob. 355); aor. impv. 3 pl. ῥευσάτωσαν SSol 4:16; ptc. gen. sg. ῥεύσαντος (Just., D. 67, 2). Pass.: fut. 3 sg. ῥυήσεται LXX; aor. 3 sg. ἐρρύη LXX, inf. ῥυῆναι (Mel.) to flow with liquid, in our lit. only in transf. sense

ⓐ as symbol of transcendent blessing flow ποταμοὶ ἐκ τ. κοιλίας αὐτοῦ ῥεύσουσιν ὕδατος ζῶντος J 7:38 (Hdb. ad loc., and s. κοιλία 3).

ⓑ fig. in the sense of ‘have more than enough of’: (over)flow with τὶ someth. γῆ ῥέουσα γάλα καὶ μέλι a land flowing w. milk and honey (LXX) B 6:8, 10, 13 (for a more detailed treatment of this pass. s. Windisch, Hdb. on B 6:8.—S. also γάλα a).—B. 677. DELG. M-M.