will-power

 

энергия ГЭС
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

EN

hydroelectric energy
The free renewable source of energy provided by falling water that drives the turbines. Hydropower is the most important of the regenerable energy sources because of its highest efficiency at the energy conversion. There are two types of hydroelectric power plants: a) run-of-river power plants for the use of affluent water; b) storage power plants (power stations with reservoir) where the influx can be regulated with the help of a reservoir. Mostly greater differences in altitudes are being used, like mountain creeks. Power stations with reservoirs are generally marked by barrages with earth fill dam or concrete dams. Though hydropower generally can be called environmentally acceptable, there exist also some problems: a) change of groundwater level and fill up of the river bed with rubble. b) Risk of dam breaks. c) Great demand for land space for the reservoir. d) Diminution, but partly also increase of value of recreation areas. As the hydropowers of the world are limited, the world energy demand however is rising, finally the share of hydropower will decrease. (Source: PORT / PHC / PZ)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

Тематики

• охрана окружающей среды

EN

• hydroelectric energy

DE

• hydroelektrische Energie

FR

• énergie hydroélectrique

 

(длительный) допустимый ток
Максимальное значение электрического тока, который может протекать длительно по проводнику, устройству или аппарату при определенных условиях без превышения определенного значения их температуры в установившемся режиме
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60050-826-2009]

Этот ток обозначают I_Z
[ ГОСТ Р 50571. 1-2009 ( МЭК 60364-1: 2005)]

EN

(continuous) current-carrying capacity
ampacity (US)
maximum value of electric current which can be carried continuously by a conductor, a device or an apparatus, under specified conditions without its steady-state temperature exceeding a specified value
[IEV number 826-11-13]

ampacity
The current in amperes that a conductor can carry continuously under the conditions of use without exceeding its temperature rating.
[National Electrical Cod]

FR

courant (permanent) admissible, m
valeur maximale du courant électrique qui peut parcourir en permanence, un conducteur, un dispositif ou un appareil, sans que sa température de régime permanent, dans des conditions données, soit supérieure à la valeur spécifiée
[IEV number 826-11-13]

Ampacity, the term is defined as the maximum amount of current a cable can carry before sustaining immediate or progressive deterioration. Also described as current rating or current-carrying capacity, is the RMS electric current which a device can continuously carry while remaining within its temperature rating. The ampacity of a cable depends on:

• its insulation temperature rating;
• conductor electrical properties for current;
• frequency, in the case of alternating currents;
• ability to dissipate heat, which depends on cable geometry and its surroundings;
• ambient temperature.

Electric wires have some resistance, and electric current flowing through them causes voltage drop and power dissipation, which heats the cable. Copper or aluminum can conduct a large amount of current before melting, but long before the conductors melt, their insulation would be damaged by the heat.

The ampacity for a power cable is thus based on physical and electrical properties of the material & construction of the conductor and of its insulation, ambient temperature, and environmental conditions adjacent to the cable. Having a large overall surface area may dissipate heat well if the environment can absorb the heat.

In a long run of cable, different conditions govern, and installation regulations normally specify that the most severe condition along the run governs the cable's rating. Cables run in wet or oily locations may carry a lower temperature rating than in a dry installation. Derating is necessary for multiple circuits in close proximity. When multiple cables are near, each contributes heat to the others and diminishes the amount of cooling air that can flow past the individual cables. The overall ampacity of the insulated conductors in a bundle of more than 3 must be derated, whether in a raceway or cable. Usually the de-rating factor is tabulated in a nation's wiring regulations.

Depending on the type of insulating material, common maximum allowable temperatures at the surface of the conductor are 60, 75 and 90 degrees Celsius, often with an ambient air temperature of 30°C. In the U.S., 105°C is allowed with ambient of 40°C, for larger power cables, especially those operating at more than 2 kV. Likewise, specific insulations are rated 150, 200 or 250°C.

The allowed current in cables generally needs to be decreased (derated) when the cable is covered with fireproofing material.

For example, the United States National Electric Code, Table 310-16, specifies that up to three 8 AWG copper wires having a common insulating material (THWN) in a raceway, cable, or direct burial has an ampacity of 50 A when the ambient air is 30°C, the conductor surface temperature allowed to be 75°C. A single insulated conductor in air has 70 A rating.

Ampacity rating is normally for continuous current, and short periods of overcurrent occur without harm in most cabling systems. The acceptable magnitude and duration of overcurrent is a more complex topic than ampacity.

When designing an electrical system, one will normally need to know the current rating for the following:

• Wires
• Printed Circuit Board traces, where included
• Fuses
• Circuit breakers
• All or nearly all components used

Some devices are limited by power rating, and when this power rating occurs below their current limit, it is not necessary to know the current limit to design a system. A common example of this is lightbulb holders.

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampacity]

Тематики

• электротехника, основные понятия

Синонимы

• длительно допустимый ток
• допустимый ток

EN

• ampacity (US)
• continuous current
• continuous current-carrying capacity
• current-carrying capacity

DE

• Dauerstrombelastbarkeit, f
• Strombelastbarkeit, f

FR

• courant admissible, m
• courant permanent admissible, m

 

энергия ГЭС
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

EN

hydroelectric energy
The free renewable source of energy provided by falling water that drives the turbines. Hydropower is the most important of the regenerable energy sources because of its highest efficiency at the energy conversion. There are two types of hydroelectric power plants: a) run-of-river power plants for the use of affluent water; b) storage power plants (power stations with reservoir) where the influx can be regulated with the help of a reservoir. Mostly greater differences in altitudes are being used, like mountain creeks. Power stations with reservoirs are generally marked by barrages with earth fill dam or concrete dams. Though hydropower generally can be called environmentally acceptable, there exist also some problems: a) change of groundwater level and fill up of the river bed with rubble. b) Risk of dam breaks. c) Great demand for land space for the reservoir. d) Diminution, but partly also increase of value of recreation areas. As the hydropowers of the world are limited, the world energy demand however is rising, finally the share of hydropower will decrease. (Source: PORT / PHC / PZ)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

Тематики

• охрана окружающей среды

EN

• hydroelectric energy

DE

• hydroelektrische Energie

FR

• énergie hydroélectrique

. воспользоваться; максимально использовать; можно использовать; наиболее эффективно использовать; пользоваться; применять; широко использовать

•

We will show how these numbers can be put to use.

•

Advantage is taken of this fact in some turbojet engines.

•

Unique processes and equipment have been successfully applied in the mining and refining of potash salts.

•

The great majority of amplifiers are electronic and depend (or rely) upon transistors and chips for their operation.

•

These projects can draw on the data from five tests.

•

The new relay employs three sets of contacts.

•

We shall follow this method.

•

To harness atomic energy for peaceful uses,...

•

This reaction may be harnessed to perform work.

•

The power unit makes use of a standard electric starter.

•

These vehicles rely on ambient air as a source of oxygen.

•

This nonreciprocity has as yet not been turned to useful account in antennas.

•

At present, these laboratories are being utilized to test timbers.

•

Such high precision makes it possible to employ (or use, or utilize) laser radiation as a primary standard of length and time.

•

With electricity farmers could run useful devices of all kinds.

•

This offers the possibility of putting hydrides to work in heat pumps.

•

These techniques take advantage of the laser's high spectral intensity.

•

Lasers are exploited to heat plasmas with short pulses of light.

•

Double-break or multibreak devices can exploit this effect even at higher voltages.

•

We make use of the generalized invariants.

•

The author's suggestions were picked up by the Japanese who ran some preliminary tests on eleven pure elements.

•

The steam from a dry field can be put to use() other than power production.

•

We can draw on the equation of general relativity to calculate...

•

The newest accelerators exploit the same fundamental principles as the first ones.

•

Simplifying assumptions have been invoked to separate the two processes for individual study.

•

If this natural gas can be tapped, there would be a tremendous source of fuel.

•

This prevents defective parts from being put into service.

•

When all the even (or odd) integers are used up, there will still be half the series...

• ДРАТЬ/СОДРАТЬ ШКУРУ с кого highly coll

[VP; subj: human]

=====

1. [usu. fut or subjunctive]

⇒ (usu. used as a threat) to whip or beat s.o. severely; by extension to deal cruelly with s.o. in a more general sense:

- X сдерёт шкуру с Y-a ≈ X will have Y's hide;

- X will skin (flay) Y alive;

- X will beat the hide off Y.

     ♦ "Признавайся, - помилуем, не признаешься - шкуру с тебя сдерём, кости переломаем и повесим как шпиона..." (Копелев 1). "Confess, and we'll pardon you; don't confess, we'll skin you alive, break all your bones, and hang you as a spy" (1a).

     ♦ "Вывезут сенаторы. Кайо поклялся содрать шкуру с Блюма" (Эренбург 4). "The senators will come to the rescue. Caillaux has sworn to flay Blum alive" (4a).

     ♦ "...Коли шкуру драть с человека станут, так он во всём признается, чего и не было" (Сологуб 1). "...If you beat the hide off a man, he will confess to anything - even things that never happened" (1a).

2. Also: ДРАТЬ < СДИРАТЬ>/СОДРАТЬ СЕМЬ ШКУР <(ПО) ДВЕ ШКУРЫ, (ПО) ТРИ ШКУРЫ> highly coll being in a position of power, to exploit s.o. pitilessly by making him pay large taxes, very high interest, exorbitant prices etc:

- X драл шкуру с Y-a ≈ X exploited Y mercilessly;

- X skinned Y;

- X squeezed Y dry;

- X took the food out of Y's mouth < the bread off Y's table>.

     ♦ "Мы с голоду на улицах подыхаем, а вы с нас последнюю шкуру содрать хотите!.." (Пильняк 1). "We're croaking on the streets from hunger, and you want to skin us even morer (1a).

• ДРАТЬ/СОДРАТЬ ШКУРУ с кого highly coll

[VP; subj: human]

=====

1. [usu. fut or subjunctive]

⇒ (usu. used as a threat) to whip or beat s.o. severely; by extension to deal cruelly with s.o. in a more general sense:

- X сдерёт шкуру с Y-a ≈ X will have Y's hide;

- X will skin (flay) Y alive;

- X will beat the hide off Y.

     ♦ "Признавайся, - помилуем, не признаешься - шкуру с тебя сдерём, кости переломаем и повесим как шпиона..." (Копелев 1). "Confess, and we'll pardon you; don't confess, we'll skin you alive, break all your bones, and hang you as a spy" (1a).

     ♦ "Вывезут сенаторы. Кайо поклялся содрать шкуру с Блюма" (Эренбург 4). "The senators will come to the rescue. Caillaux has sworn to flay Blum alive" (4a).

     ♦ "...Коли шкуру драть с человека станут, так он во всём признается, чего и не было" (Сологуб 1). "...If you beat the hide off a man, he will confess to anything - even things that never happened" (1a).

2. Also: ДРАТЬ < СДИРАТЬ>/СОДРАТЬ СЕМЬ ШКУР <(ПО) ДВЕ ШКУРЫ, (ПО) ТРИ ШКУРЫ> highly coll being in a position of power, to exploit s.o. pitilessly by making him pay large taxes, very high interest, exorbitant prices etc:

- X драл шкуру с Y-a ≈ X exploited Y mercilessly;

- X skinned Y;

- X squeezed Y dry;

- X took the food out of Y's mouth < the bread off Y's table>.

     ♦ "Мы с голоду на улицах подыхаем, а вы с нас последнюю шкуру содрать хотите!.." (Пильняк 1). "We're croaking on the streets from hunger, and you want to skin us even morer (1a).

• ДРАТЬ/СОДРАТЬ ШКУРУ с кого highly coll

[VP; subj: human]

=====

1. [usu. fut or subjunctive]

⇒ (usu. used as a threat) to whip or beat s.o. severely; by extension to deal cruelly with s.o. in a more general sense:

- X сдерёт шкуру с Y-a ≈ X will have Y's hide;

- X will skin (flay) Y alive;

- X will beat the hide off Y.

     ♦ "Признавайся, - помилуем, не признаешься - шкуру с тебя сдерём, кости переломаем и повесим как шпиона..." (Копелев 1). "Confess, and we'll pardon you; don't confess, we'll skin you alive, break all your bones, and hang you as a spy" (1a).

     ♦ "Вывезут сенаторы. Кайо поклялся содрать шкуру с Блюма" (Эренбург 4). "The senators will come to the rescue. Caillaux has sworn to flay Blum alive" (4a).

     ♦ "...Коли шкуру драть с человека станут, так он во всём признается, чего и не было" (Сологуб 1). "...If you beat the hide off a man, he will confess to anything - even things that never happened" (1a).

2. Also: ДРАТЬ < СДИРАТЬ>/СОДРАТЬ СЕМЬ ШКУР <(ПО) ДВЕ ШКУРЫ, (ПО) ТРИ ШКУРЫ> highly coll being in a position of power, to exploit s.o. pitilessly by making him pay large taxes, very high interest, exorbitant prices etc:

- X драл шкуру с Y-a ≈ X exploited Y mercilessly;

- X skinned Y;

- X squeezed Y dry;

- X took the food out of Y's mouth < the bread off Y's table>.

     ♦ "Мы с голоду на улицах подыхаем, а вы с нас последнюю шкуру содрать хотите!.." (Пильняк 1). "We're croaking on the streets from hunger, and you want to skin us even morer (1a).

• ДРАТЬ/СОДРАТЬ ШКУРУ с кого highly coll

[VP; subj: human]

=====

1. [usu. fut or subjunctive]

⇒ (usu. used as a threat) to whip or beat s.o. severely; by extension to deal cruelly with s.o. in a more general sense:

- X сдерёт шкуру с Y-a ≈ X will have Y's hide;

- X will skin (flay) Y alive;

- X will beat the hide off Y.

     ♦ "Признавайся, - помилуем, не признаешься - шкуру с тебя сдерём, кости переломаем и повесим как шпиона..." (Копелев 1). "Confess, and we'll pardon you; don't confess, we'll skin you alive, break all your bones, and hang you as a spy" (1a).

     ♦ "Вывезут сенаторы. Кайо поклялся содрать шкуру с Блюма" (Эренбург 4). "The senators will come to the rescue. Caillaux has sworn to flay Blum alive" (4a).

     ♦ "...Коли шкуру драть с человека станут, так он во всём признается, чего и не было" (Сологуб 1). "...If you beat the hide off a man, he will confess to anything - even things that never happened" (1a).

2. Also: ДРАТЬ < СДИРАТЬ>/СОДРАТЬ СЕМЬ ШКУР <(ПО) ДВЕ ШКУРЫ, (ПО) ТРИ ШКУРЫ> highly coll being in a position of power, to exploit s.o. pitilessly by making him pay large taxes, very high interest, exorbitant prices etc:

- X драл шкуру с Y-a ≈ X exploited Y mercilessly;

- X skinned Y;

- X squeezed Y dry;

- X took the food out of Y's mouth < the bread off Y's table>.

     ♦ "Мы с голоду на улицах подыхаем, а вы с нас последнюю шкуру содрать хотите!.." (Пильняк 1). "We're croaking on the streets from hunger, and you want to skin us even morer (1a).

• ДРАТЬ/СОДРАТЬ ШКУРУ с кого highly coll

[VP; subj: human]

=====

1. [usu. fut or subjunctive]

⇒ (usu. used as a threat) to whip or beat s.o. severely; by extension to deal cruelly with s.o. in a more general sense:

- X сдерёт шкуру с Y-a ≈ X will have Y's hide;

- X will skin (flay) Y alive;

- X will beat the hide off Y.

     ♦ "Признавайся, - помилуем, не признаешься - шкуру с тебя сдерём, кости переломаем и повесим как шпиона..." (Копелев 1). "Confess, and we'll pardon you; don't confess, we'll skin you alive, break all your bones, and hang you as a spy" (1a).

     ♦ "Вывезут сенаторы. Кайо поклялся содрать шкуру с Блюма" (Эренбург 4). "The senators will come to the rescue. Caillaux has sworn to flay Blum alive" (4a).

     ♦ "...Коли шкуру драть с человека станут, так он во всём признается, чего и не было" (Сологуб 1). "...If you beat the hide off a man, he will confess to anything - even things that never happened" (1a).

2. Also: ДРАТЬ < СДИРАТЬ>/СОДРАТЬ СЕМЬ ШКУР <(ПО) ДВЕ ШКУРЫ, (ПО) ТРИ ШКУРЫ> highly coll being in a position of power, to exploit s.o. pitilessly by making him pay large taxes, very high interest, exorbitant prices etc:

- X драл шкуру с Y-a ≈ X exploited Y mercilessly;

- X skinned Y;

- X squeezed Y dry;

- X took the food out of Y's mouth < the bread off Y's table>.

     ♦ "Мы с голоду на улицах подыхаем, а вы с нас последнюю шкуру содрать хотите!.." (Пильняк 1). "We're croaking on the streets from hunger, and you want to skin us even morer (1a).

• ДРАТЬ/СОДРАТЬ ШКУРУ с кого highly coll

[VP; subj: human]

=====

1. [usu. fut or subjunctive]

⇒ (usu. used as a threat) to whip or beat s.o. severely; by extension to deal cruelly with s.o. in a more general sense:

- X сдерёт шкуру с Y-a ≈ X will have Y's hide;

- X will skin (flay) Y alive;

- X will beat the hide off Y.

     ♦ "Признавайся, - помилуем, не признаешься - шкуру с тебя сдерём, кости переломаем и повесим как шпиона..." (Копелев 1). "Confess, and we'll pardon you; don't confess, we'll skin you alive, break all your bones, and hang you as a spy" (1a).

     ♦ "Вывезут сенаторы. Кайо поклялся содрать шкуру с Блюма" (Эренбург 4). "The senators will come to the rescue. Caillaux has sworn to flay Blum alive" (4a).

     ♦ "...Коли шкуру драть с человека станут, так он во всём признается, чего и не было" (Сологуб 1). "...If you beat the hide off a man, he will confess to anything - even things that never happened" (1a).

2. Also: ДРАТЬ < СДИРАТЬ>/СОДРАТЬ СЕМЬ ШКУР <(ПО) ДВЕ ШКУРЫ, (ПО) ТРИ ШКУРЫ> highly coll being in a position of power, to exploit s.o. pitilessly by making him pay large taxes, very high interest, exorbitant prices etc:

- X драл шкуру с Y-a ≈ X exploited Y mercilessly;

- X skinned Y;

- X squeezed Y dry;

- X took the food out of Y's mouth < the bread off Y's table>.

     ♦ "Мы с голоду на улицах подыхаем, а вы с нас последнюю шкуру содрать хотите!.." (Пильняк 1). "We're croaking on the streets from hunger, and you want to skin us even morer (1a).

• ДРАТЬ/СОДРАТЬ ШКУРУ с кого highly coll

[VP; subj: human]

=====

1. [usu. fut or subjunctive]

⇒ (usu. used as a threat) to whip or beat s.o. severely; by extension to deal cruelly with s.o. in a more general sense:

- X сдерёт шкуру с Y-a ≈ X will have Y's hide;

- X will skin (flay) Y alive;

- X will beat the hide off Y.

     ♦ "Признавайся, - помилуем, не признаешься - шкуру с тебя сдерём, кости переломаем и повесим как шпиона..." (Копелев 1). "Confess, and we'll pardon you; don't confess, we'll skin you alive, break all your bones, and hang you as a spy" (1a).

     ♦ "Вывезут сенаторы. Кайо поклялся содрать шкуру с Блюма" (Эренбург 4). "The senators will come to the rescue. Caillaux has sworn to flay Blum alive" (4a).

     ♦ "...Коли шкуру драть с человека станут, так он во всём признается, чего и не было" (Сологуб 1). "...If you beat the hide off a man, he will confess to anything - even things that never happened" (1a).

2. Also: ДРАТЬ < СДИРАТЬ>/СОДРАТЬ СЕМЬ ШКУР <(ПО) ДВЕ ШКУРЫ, (ПО) ТРИ ШКУРЫ> highly coll being in a position of power, to exploit s.o. pitilessly by making him pay large taxes, very high interest, exorbitant prices etc:

- X драл шкуру с Y-a ≈ X exploited Y mercilessly;

- X skinned Y;

- X squeezed Y dry;

- X took the food out of Y's mouth < the bread off Y's table>.

     ♦ "Мы с голоду на улицах подыхаем, а вы с нас последнюю шкуру содрать хотите!.." (Пильняк 1). "We're croaking on the streets from hunger, and you want to skin us even morer (1a).

• ДРАТЬ/СОДРАТЬ ШКУРУ с кого highly coll

[VP; subj: human]

=====

1. [usu. fut or subjunctive]

⇒ (usu. used as a threat) to whip or beat s.o. severely; by extension to deal cruelly with s.o. in a more general sense:

- X сдерёт шкуру с Y-a ≈ X will have Y's hide;

- X will skin (flay) Y alive;

- X will beat the hide off Y.

     ♦ "Признавайся, - помилуем, не признаешься - шкуру с тебя сдерём, кости переломаем и повесим как шпиона..." (Копелев 1). "Confess, and we'll pardon you; don't confess, we'll skin you alive, break all your bones, and hang you as a spy" (1a).

     ♦ "Вывезут сенаторы. Кайо поклялся содрать шкуру с Блюма" (Эренбург 4). "The senators will come to the rescue. Caillaux has sworn to flay Blum alive" (4a).

     ♦ "...Коли шкуру драть с человека станут, так он во всём признается, чего и не было" (Сологуб 1). "...If you beat the hide off a man, he will confess to anything - even things that never happened" (1a).

2. Also: ДРАТЬ < СДИРАТЬ>/СОДРАТЬ СЕМЬ ШКУР <(ПО) ДВЕ ШКУРЫ, (ПО) ТРИ ШКУРЫ> highly coll being in a position of power, to exploit s.o. pitilessly by making him pay large taxes, very high interest, exorbitant prices etc:

- X драл шкуру с Y-a ≈ X exploited Y mercilessly;

- X skinned Y;

- X squeezed Y dry;

- X took the food out of Y's mouth < the bread off Y's table>.

     ♦ "Мы с голоду на улицах подыхаем, а вы с нас последнюю шкуру содрать хотите!.." (Пильняк 1). "We're croaking on the streets from hunger, and you want to skin us even morer (1a).

• ДРАТЬ/СОДРАТЬ ШКУРУ с кого highly coll

[VP; subj: human]

=====

1. [usu. fut or subjunctive]

⇒ (usu. used as a threat) to whip or beat s.o. severely; by extension to deal cruelly with s.o. in a more general sense:

- X сдерёт шкуру с Y-a ≈ X will have Y's hide;

- X will skin (flay) Y alive;

- X will beat the hide off Y.

     ♦ "Признавайся, - помилуем, не признаешься - шкуру с тебя сдерём, кости переломаем и повесим как шпиона..." (Копелев 1). "Confess, and we'll pardon you; don't confess, we'll skin you alive, break all your bones, and hang you as a spy" (1a).

     ♦ "Вывезут сенаторы. Кайо поклялся содрать шкуру с Блюма" (Эренбург 4). "The senators will come to the rescue. Caillaux has sworn to flay Blum alive" (4a).

     ♦ "...Коли шкуру драть с человека станут, так он во всём признается, чего и не было" (Сологуб 1). "...If you beat the hide off a man, he will confess to anything - even things that never happened" (1a).

2. Also: ДРАТЬ < СДИРАТЬ>/СОДРАТЬ СЕМЬ ШКУР <(ПО) ДВЕ ШКУРЫ, (ПО) ТРИ ШКУРЫ> highly coll being in a position of power, to exploit s.o. pitilessly by making him pay large taxes, very high interest, exorbitant prices etc:

- X драл шкуру с Y-a ≈ X exploited Y mercilessly;

- X skinned Y;

- X squeezed Y dry;

- X took the food out of Y's mouth < the bread off Y's table>.

     ♦ "Мы с голоду на улицах подыхаем, а вы с нас последнюю шкуру содрать хотите!.." (Пильняк 1). "We're croaking on the streets from hunger, and you want to skin us even morer (1a).

• ДРАТЬ/СОДРАТЬ ШКУРУ с кого highly coll

[VP; subj: human]

=====

1. [usu. fut or subjunctive]

⇒ (usu. used as a threat) to whip or beat s.o. severely; by extension to deal cruelly with s.o. in a more general sense:

- X сдерёт шкуру с Y-a ≈ X will have Y's hide;

- X will skin (flay) Y alive;

- X will beat the hide off Y.

     ♦ "Признавайся, - помилуем, не признаешься - шкуру с тебя сдерём, кости переломаем и повесим как шпиона..." (Копелев 1). "Confess, and we'll pardon you; don't confess, we'll skin you alive, break all your bones, and hang you as a spy" (1a).

     ♦ "Вывезут сенаторы. Кайо поклялся содрать шкуру с Блюма" (Эренбург 4). "The senators will come to the rescue. Caillaux has sworn to flay Blum alive" (4a).

     ♦ "...Коли шкуру драть с человека станут, так он во всём признается, чего и не было" (Сологуб 1). "...If you beat the hide off a man, he will confess to anything - even things that never happened" (1a).

2. Also: ДРАТЬ < СДИРАТЬ>/СОДРАТЬ СЕМЬ ШКУР <(ПО) ДВЕ ШКУРЫ, (ПО) ТРИ ШКУРЫ> highly coll being in a position of power, to exploit s.o. pitilessly by making him pay large taxes, very high interest, exorbitant prices etc:

- X драл шкуру с Y-a ≈ X exploited Y mercilessly;

- X skinned Y;

- X squeezed Y dry;

- X took the food out of Y's mouth < the bread off Y's table>.

     ♦ "Мы с голоду на улицах подыхаем, а вы с нас последнюю шкуру содрать хотите!.." (Пильняк 1). "We're croaking on the streets from hunger, and you want to skin us even morer (1a).

• ДРАТЬ/СОДРАТЬ ШКУРУ с кого highly coll

[VP; subj: human]

=====

1. [usu. fut or subjunctive]

⇒ (usu. used as a threat) to whip or beat s.o. severely; by extension to deal cruelly with s.o. in a more general sense:

- X сдерёт шкуру с Y-a ≈ X will have Y's hide;

- X will skin (flay) Y alive;

- X will beat the hide off Y.

     ♦ "Признавайся, - помилуем, не признаешься - шкуру с тебя сдерём, кости переломаем и повесим как шпиона..." (Копелев 1). "Confess, and we'll pardon you; don't confess, we'll skin you alive, break all your bones, and hang you as a spy" (1a).

     ♦ "Вывезут сенаторы. Кайо поклялся содрать шкуру с Блюма" (Эренбург 4). "The senators will come to the rescue. Caillaux has sworn to flay Blum alive" (4a).

     ♦ "...Коли шкуру драть с человека станут, так он во всём признается, чего и не было" (Сологуб 1). "...If you beat the hide off a man, he will confess to anything - even things that never happened" (1a).

2. Also: ДРАТЬ < СДИРАТЬ>/СОДРАТЬ СЕМЬ ШКУР <(ПО) ДВЕ ШКУРЫ, (ПО) ТРИ ШКУРЫ> highly coll being in a position of power, to exploit s.o. pitilessly by making him pay large taxes, very high interest, exorbitant prices etc:

- X драл шкуру с Y-a ≈ X exploited Y mercilessly;

- X skinned Y;

- X squeezed Y dry;

- X took the food out of Y's mouth < the bread off Y's table>.

     ♦ "Мы с голоду на улицах подыхаем, а вы с нас последнюю шкуру содрать хотите!.." (Пильняк 1). "We're croaking on the streets from hunger, and you want to skin us even morer (1a).

• ДРАТЬ/СОДРАТЬ ШКУРУ с кого highly coll

[VP; subj: human]

=====

1. [usu. fut or subjunctive]

⇒ (usu. used as a threat) to whip or beat s.o. severely; by extension to deal cruelly with s.o. in a more general sense:

- X сдерёт шкуру с Y-a ≈ X will have Y's hide;

- X will skin (flay) Y alive;

- X will beat the hide off Y.

     ♦ "Признавайся, - помилуем, не признаешься - шкуру с тебя сдерём, кости переломаем и повесим как шпиона..." (Копелев 1). "Confess, and we'll pardon you; don't confess, we'll skin you alive, break all your bones, and hang you as a spy" (1a).

     ♦ "Вывезут сенаторы. Кайо поклялся содрать шкуру с Блюма" (Эренбург 4). "The senators will come to the rescue. Caillaux has sworn to flay Blum alive" (4a).

     ♦ "...Коли шкуру драть с человека станут, так он во всём признается, чего и не было" (Сологуб 1). "...If you beat the hide off a man, he will confess to anything - even things that never happened" (1a).

2. Also: ДРАТЬ < СДИРАТЬ>/СОДРАТЬ СЕМЬ ШКУР <(ПО) ДВЕ ШКУРЫ, (ПО) ТРИ ШКУРЫ> highly coll being in a position of power, to exploit s.o. pitilessly by making him pay large taxes, very high interest, exorbitant prices etc:

- X драл шкуру с Y-a ≈ X exploited Y mercilessly;

- X skinned Y;

- X squeezed Y dry;

- X took the food out of Y's mouth < the bread off Y's table>.

     ♦ "Мы с голоду на улицах подыхаем, а вы с нас последнюю шкуру содрать хотите!.." (Пильняк 1). "We're croaking on the streets from hunger, and you want to skin us even morer (1a).

• ДРАТЬ/СОДРАТЬ ШКУРУ с кого highly coll

[VP; subj: human]

=====

1. [usu. fut or subjunctive]

⇒ (usu. used as a threat) to whip or beat s.o. severely; by extension to deal cruelly with s.o. in a more general sense:

- X сдерёт шкуру с Y-a ≈ X will have Y's hide;

- X will skin (flay) Y alive;

- X will beat the hide off Y.

     ♦ "Признавайся, - помилуем, не признаешься - шкуру с тебя сдерём, кости переломаем и повесим как шпиона..." (Копелев 1). "Confess, and we'll pardon you; don't confess, we'll skin you alive, break all your bones, and hang you as a spy" (1a).

     ♦ "Вывезут сенаторы. Кайо поклялся содрать шкуру с Блюма" (Эренбург 4). "The senators will come to the rescue. Caillaux has sworn to flay Blum alive" (4a).

     ♦ "...Коли шкуру драть с человека станут, так он во всём признается, чего и не было" (Сологуб 1). "...If you beat the hide off a man, he will confess to anything - even things that never happened" (1a).

2. Also: ДРАТЬ < СДИРАТЬ>/СОДРАТЬ СЕМЬ ШКУР <(ПО) ДВЕ ШКУРЫ, (ПО) ТРИ ШКУРЫ> highly coll being in a position of power, to exploit s.o. pitilessly by making him pay large taxes, very high interest, exorbitant prices etc:

- X драл шкуру с Y-a ≈ X exploited Y mercilessly;

- X skinned Y;

- X squeezed Y dry;

- X took the food out of Y's mouth < the bread off Y's table>.

     ♦ "Мы с голоду на улицах подыхаем, а вы с нас последнюю шкуру содрать хотите!.." (Пильняк 1). "We're croaking on the streets from hunger, and you want to skin us even morer (1a).

• ДРАТЬ/СОДРАТЬ ШКУРУ с кого highly coll

[VP; subj: human]

=====

1. [usu. fut or subjunctive]

⇒ (usu. used as a threat) to whip or beat s.o. severely; by extension to deal cruelly with s.o. in a more general sense:

- X сдерёт шкуру с Y-a ≈ X will have Y's hide;

- X will skin (flay) Y alive;

- X will beat the hide off Y.

     ♦ "Признавайся, - помилуем, не признаешься - шкуру с тебя сдерём, кости переломаем и повесим как шпиона..." (Копелев 1). "Confess, and we'll pardon you; don't confess, we'll skin you alive, break all your bones, and hang you as a spy" (1a).

     ♦ "Вывезут сенаторы. Кайо поклялся содрать шкуру с Блюма" (Эренбург 4). "The senators will come to the rescue. Caillaux has sworn to flay Blum alive" (4a).

     ♦ "...Коли шкуру драть с человека станут, так он во всём признается, чего и не было" (Сологуб 1). "...If you beat the hide off a man, he will confess to anything - even things that never happened" (1a).

2. Also: ДРАТЬ < СДИРАТЬ>/СОДРАТЬ СЕМЬ ШКУР <(ПО) ДВЕ ШКУРЫ, (ПО) ТРИ ШКУРЫ> highly coll being in a position of power, to exploit s.o. pitilessly by making him pay large taxes, very high interest, exorbitant prices etc:

- X драл шкуру с Y-a ≈ X exploited Y mercilessly;

- X skinned Y;

- X squeezed Y dry;

- X took the food out of Y's mouth < the bread off Y's table>.

     ♦ "Мы с голоду на улицах подыхаем, а вы с нас последнюю шкуру содрать хотите!.." (Пильняк 1). "We're croaking on the streets from hunger, and you want to skin us even morer (1a).

• ДРАТЬ/СОДРАТЬ ШКУРУ с кого highly coll

[VP; subj: human]

=====

1. [usu. fut or subjunctive]

⇒ (usu. used as a threat) to whip or beat s.o. severely; by extension to deal cruelly with s.o. in a more general sense:

- X сдерёт шкуру с Y-a ≈ X will have Y's hide;

- X will skin (flay) Y alive;

- X will beat the hide off Y.

     ♦ "Признавайся, - помилуем, не признаешься - шкуру с тебя сдерём, кости переломаем и повесим как шпиона..." (Копелев 1). "Confess, and we'll pardon you; don't confess, we'll skin you alive, break all your bones, and hang you as a spy" (1a).

     ♦ "Вывезут сенаторы. Кайо поклялся содрать шкуру с Блюма" (Эренбург 4). "The senators will come to the rescue. Caillaux has sworn to flay Blum alive" (4a).

     ♦ "...Коли шкуру драть с человека станут, так он во всём признается, чего и не было" (Сологуб 1). "...If you beat the hide off a man, he will confess to anything - even things that never happened" (1a).

2. Also: ДРАТЬ < СДИРАТЬ>/СОДРАТЬ СЕМЬ ШКУР <(ПО) ДВЕ ШКУРЫ, (ПО) ТРИ ШКУРЫ> highly coll being in a position of power, to exploit s.o. pitilessly by making him pay large taxes, very high interest, exorbitant prices etc:

- X драл шкуру с Y-a ≈ X exploited Y mercilessly;

- X skinned Y;

- X squeezed Y dry;

- X took the food out of Y's mouth < the bread off Y's table>.

     ♦ "Мы с голоду на улицах подыхаем, а вы с нас последнюю шкуру содрать хотите!.." (Пильняк 1). "We're croaking on the streets from hunger, and you want to skin us even morer (1a).

• ДРАТЬ/СОДРАТЬ ШКУРУ с кого highly coll

[VP; subj: human]

=====

1. [usu. fut or subjunctive]

⇒ (usu. used as a threat) to whip or beat s.o. severely; by extension to deal cruelly with s.o. in a more general sense:

- X сдерёт шкуру с Y-a ≈ X will have Y's hide;

- X will skin (flay) Y alive;

- X will beat the hide off Y.

     ♦ "Признавайся, - помилуем, не признаешься - шкуру с тебя сдерём, кости переломаем и повесим как шпиона..." (Копелев 1). "Confess, and we'll pardon you; don't confess, we'll skin you alive, break all your bones, and hang you as a spy" (1a).

     ♦ "Вывезут сенаторы. Кайо поклялся содрать шкуру с Блюма" (Эренбург 4). "The senators will come to the rescue. Caillaux has sworn to flay Blum alive" (4a).

     ♦ "...Коли шкуру драть с человека станут, так он во всём признается, чего и не было" (Сологуб 1). "...If you beat the hide off a man, he will confess to anything - even things that never happened" (1a).

2. Also: ДРАТЬ < СДИРАТЬ>/СОДРАТЬ СЕМЬ ШКУР <(ПО) ДВЕ ШКУРЫ, (ПО) ТРИ ШКУРЫ> highly coll being in a position of power, to exploit s.o. pitilessly by making him pay large taxes, very high interest, exorbitant prices etc:

- X драл шкуру с Y-a ≈ X exploited Y mercilessly;

- X skinned Y;

- X squeezed Y dry;

- X took the food out of Y's mouth < the bread off Y's table>.

     ♦ "Мы с голоду на улицах подыхаем, а вы с нас последнюю шкуру содрать хотите!.." (Пильняк 1). "We're croaking on the streets from hunger, and you want to skin us even morer (1a).