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61 microprogrammed control
= microprogram controlуправление исполнением машинных команд с помощью микрокоманд (микрокода). Идея микропрограммного управления была выдвинута М. Уилксом (М. V. Wilkes) в начале 1950-х годов (см. microprogram)Англо-русский толковый словарь терминов и сокращений по ВТ, Интернету и программированию. > microprogrammed control
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62 Mankiewicz, Joseph L.
1909-1993Nacido en Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, educado en la Columbia University, en 1928 pasa varios meses como periodista en Berlin. En 1929, con la ayuda de su hermano mayor, Herman, que dirigia el departamento de guiones en Paramount, es contratado como guionista. Primero se dedico a escribir intertitulos para poder proyectar las peliculas, ya sonoras, en salas de cine que todavia no estuvieran adaptadas al sistema; en 1934, ya consolidado como guionista, pasa a Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer y despues a Fox, donde se convierte en director, con frecuencia de sus propios guiones, en 1946. Su filmografia es modelica, con obras de verdadera importancia cinematografica como Carta a tres esposas (A Letter to Three Wives, 1948), Eva al desnudo (All About Eve, 1950), La condesa descalza (The Barefoot Contessa, 1954) o Mujeres en Venecia (The Honey Pot, 1967). Es autor, tambien, de la extrana, intimista y desmesurada Cleopatra (1961-63), y de un estimulante western lleno de ideas vivas, de desverguenza y de sabiduria cinematografica.There Was a Crooked Man... (El dia de los tramposos). 1970. 126 minutos. Technicolor. Panavision. WB. Kirk Douglas, Henry Fonda, Burgess Meredith, Hume Cronyn, Warren Oates, Arthur O’Connell.English-Spanish dictionary of western films > Mankiewicz, Joseph L.
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63 Walsh, Raoul
1887-1980Nacido en Nueva York el 11 de marzo de 1887, los primeros anos de la vida de Raoul Walsh son oscuros. Lo encontramos ya, sin duda, en 1907 como actor de la version teatral de “The Clansman”, novela de Thomas Dixon que inspirarara a David W. Griffith su celebre pelicula El nacimiento de una nacion (The Birth of a Nation, 1915). Despues de la correspondiente gira, de vuelta ya en su ciudad natal, continua con su carrera de actor que, entre otros logros, lo lleva a interpretar, a las ordenes de Griffith, el papel de John Wilkes Booth, asesino del presidente Lincoln, en El nacimiento de una nacion. Ya antes, en 1914, habia empezado a dirigir bajo la supervision del propio Griffith.Su primer largometraje, co-realizado por Christy Cabanne, es Life of Villa (1915), pero sus dos peliculas mudas mas famosas son, sin discusion, The Thief of Bagdad (El ladron de Bagdad, 1924), deslumbrante espectaculo visual ro dado para la productora de su protagonista, Douglas Fairbanks, y La fragil voluntad (Sadie Thompson, 1928), melodrama a la medida de su protagonista, Gloria Swanson, que produjo el filme. Hasta entonces, albores ya del sonoro, Walsh no habia prestado una atencion especial al western. Lo hizo de inmediato, como muestran sus primeros filmes sonoros del genero, En el viejo Ari zona (In Old Arizona, 1929), que fue el primero de una larga lista con el Cisco Kid como protagonista, y La gran jornada (The Big Trail, 1930), de larga duracion y largo presupuesto. Precisamente durante el rodaje de la primera de las dos peliculas citadas perdio un ojo en un accidente, por lo que tuvo que ser sustituido por Warner Baxter como protagonista de la pelicula, y auxiliado por Irving Cummings en la direccion. En la Fox entre 1929 y 1935, en la Paramount hasta 1939 y en lo sucesivo en Warner Bros, Raoul Walsh ira consolidando su categoria como realizador hasta 1964, ano de estreno de su ultima pelicula, precisamente un western, hermoso y testimonial.Aunque sus habilidades como creador cinematografico tienen mas largo alcance que el que se limita al western, dejemos constancia de que, con toda probabilidad, es en este genero donde consigue sus mejores obras, sencillas, serenas, con un importante sentido de la narracion en imagenes. Como caso curioso, hay que indicar que Walsh hizo un remake de dos de sus peliculas, El ultimo refugio (High Sierra, 1941), dura historia de gangsters inscrita de lleno en el genero negro que convirtio en una estrella a Humphrey Bogart, y Objetivo Birmania (Objective Burma!, 1945), filme belico. Ambos remakes los realizo en clave de western: Juntos hasta la muerte (Colorado Territory, 1949) y Tam bores lejanos (Distant Drums, 1951), respectivamente. Algo indica este detalle sobre su “aficion” al genero. Al final de su carrera construyo algunos de sus mejores westerns, y tambien alguno que otro en tono de parodia, como Un rey para cuatro reinas (The King and Four Queens, 1956) y La rubia y el sheriff (The Sheriff of Fractured Jaw, 1959).In Old Arizona (En el viejo Arizona) (co-d.: Irving Cummings). 1929. 95 minutos. B y N. Fox. Warner Baxter, Edmund Lowe, Dorothy Burgess.The Big Trail (La gran jornada). 1930. 125 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Fox. John Wayne, Marguerite Churchill.Wild Girl (El beso redentor). 1932. 78 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Fox. Charles Farrell, Joan Bennett, Ralph Bellamy.Dark Command (Mando siniestro). 1940. 93 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. John Wayne, Claire Trevor, Walter Pidgeon.They Died with Their Boots On (Murieron con las botas puestas). 1942. 140 minutos. Blanco y Negro. WB. Errol Flynn, Olivia De Havilland, Arthur Kennedy.Pursued. 1947. 101 minutos. Blanco y Negro. WB. Teresa Wright, Robert Mitchum, Judith Anderson.Cheyenne. 1947. 100 minutos. Blanco y Negro. WB. Dennis Morgan, Jane Wyman, Janis Paige.Silver River (Rio de plata). 1948. 110 minutos. Blanco y Negro. WB. Errol Flynn, Ann Sheridan, Thomas Mitchell.Colorado Territory (Juntos hasta la muerte). 1949. 94 minutos. Blanco y Negro. WB. Joel McCrea, Virginia Mayo, Dorothy Malone, Henry Hull.Along the Great Divide (Camino de la horca). 1951. 88 minutos. Blanco y Negro. WB. Kirk Douglas, Virginia Mayo, John Agar.Distant Drums (Tambores lejanos). 1951. 101 minutos. Technicolor. WB. Gary Cooper, Mari Aldon, Richard Webb.The Lawless Breed (Historia de un condenado). 1953. 83 minutos. Tech nicolor. Universal. Rock Hudson, Julia Adams, Mary Castle, John McIntire.Gun Fury (Fiebre de venganza). 1953. 83 minutos. Technicolor. 3D. Co lumbia. Rock Hudson, Donna Reed, Phil Carey.Saskatchewan (Rebelion en el fuerte). 1954. 87 minutos. Technicolor. Universal. Alan Ladd, Shelley Winters, Robert Douglas.The Tall Men (Los implacables). 1955. 121 minutos. Color DeLuxe. Cinema - Scope. Fox. Clark Gable, Jane Russell, Robert Ryan, Cameron Mitchell.The King and Four Queens (Un rey para cuatro reinas). 1956. 84 minutos. Color DeLuxe. CinemaScope. Russ-Field-Gabco (UA). Clark Gable, Eleanor Parker, Jo Van Fleet.Band of Angels (La esclava libre). 1957. 127 minutos. Warnercolor. WB. Clark Gable, Yvonne De Carlo, Sidney Poitier.The Sheriff of Fractured Jaw (La rubia y el sheriff). 1959. 110 minutos. Color DeLuxe. CinemaScope. Fox. Kenneth More, Jayne Mansfield, Henry Hull.A Distant Trumpet (Una trompeta lejana). 1964. 115 min. Technicolor. Pa navision. Warner Bros. Troy Donahue, Suzanne Pleshette, Diane McBain. -
64 chat, Layard’s
—1. LAT Cercomela tractrac ( Wilkes)2. RUS равнинный скромный чекан m3. ENG tractrac [Layard’s] chat4. DEU Oranjeschmätzer m5. FRA —ПЯТИЯЗЫЧНЫЙ СЛОВАРЬ НАЗВАНИЙ ЖИВОТНЫХ — птицы > chat, Layard’s
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65 chat, tractrac
—1. LAT Cercomela tractrac ( Wilkes)2. RUS равнинный скромный чекан m3. ENG tractrac [Layard’s] chat4. DEU Oranjeschmätzer m5. FRA —ПЯТИЯЗЫЧНЫЙ СЛОВАРЬ НАЗВАНИЙ ЖИВОТНЫХ — птицы > chat, tractrac
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66 Brennan, Louis
[br]b. 28 January 1852 Castlebar, Irelandd. 17 January 1932 Montreux, Switzerland[br]Irish inventor of the Brennan dirigible torpedo, and of a gyroscopically balanced monorail system.[br]The Brennan family, including Louis, emigrated to Australia in 1861. He was an inventive genius from childhood, and while at Melbourne invented his torpedo. Within it were two drums, each with several miles of steel wire coiled upon it and mounted on one of two concentric propeller shafts. The propellers revolved in opposite directions. Wires were led out of the torpedo to winding drums on land, driven by high-speed steam engines: the faster the drums on shore were driven, the quicker the wires were withdrawn from the drums within the torpedo and the quicker the propellers turned. A steering device was operated by altering the speeds of the wires relative to one another. As finally developed, Brennan torpedoes were accurate over a range of 1 1/2 miles (2.4 km), in contrast to contemporary self-propelled torpedoes, which were unreliable at ranges over 400 yards (366 in).Brennan moved to England in 1880 and sold the rights to his torpedo to the British Government for a total of £110,000, probably the highest payment ever made by it to an individual inventor. Brennan torpedoes became part of the defences of many vital naval ports, but never saw active service: improvement of other means of defence meant they were withdrawn in 1906. By then Brennan was deeply involved in the development of his monorail. The need for a simple and cheap form of railway had been apparent to him when in Australia and he considered it could be met by a ground-level monorail upon which vehicles would be balanced by gyroscopes. After overcoming many manufacturing difficulties, he demonstrated first a one-eighth scale version and then a full-size, electrically driven vehicle, which ran on its single rail throughout the summer of 1910 in London, carrying up to fifty passengers at a time. Development had been supported financially by, successively, the War Office, the India Office and the Government of the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir, which had no rail access; despite all this, however, no further financial support, government or commercial, was forthcoming.Brennan made many other inventions, worked on the early development of helicopters and in 1929 built a gyroscopically balanced, two-wheeled motor car which, however, never went into production.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsCompanion of the Bath 1892.Bibliography1878, British patent no. 3359 (torpedo) 1903, British patent no. 27212 (stability mechanisms).Further ReadingR.E.Wilkes, 1973, Louis Brennan CB, 2 parts, Gillingham (Kent) Public Library. J.R.Day and B.C.Wilson, 1957, Unusual Railways, London: F.Muller.See also: Behr, Fritz Bernhard; Lartigue, Charles François Marie-Thérèse; Palmer, Henry Robinson( monorails); Whitehead, Robert( torpedoes).PJGR -
67 Deringer, Henry
SUBJECT AREA: Weapons and armour[br]b. 26 October 1786 Easton, Pennsylvania, USA d. 1868[br]American gunsmith and inventor of the derringer [sic] pistol.[br]Deringer was the son of a gunsmith and was apprenticed at an early age to a firearms manufacturer in Richmond, Virginia. In 1806 he set up his own small-arms plant in Philadelphia, his contracts coming from the US Government. He concentrated primarily on long-barrelled, percussion-cap pistols designed to fit in the belt, but from 1825 devoted his main attention to the design and production of single-shot pistols small enough to fit in the pocket. These became very popular during the 1840s and several manufacturers took up the concept. It was after John Wilkes Booth used one to assassinate President Lincoln in 1865 that they became known by the generic term "derringer" as a result of a journalist's misspelling.CM -
68 Electronics and information technology
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]Byron, Ada AugustaNapier, JohnRiche, Gaspard-Clair-François-MarieSchickhard, WilhelmBiographical history of technology > Electronics and information technology
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69 Forrester, Jay Wright
SUBJECT AREA: Electronics and information technology[br]b. 14 July 1918 Anselmo, Nebraska, USA[br]American electrical engineer and management expert who invented the magnetic-core random access memory used in most early digital computers.[br]Born on a cattle ranch, Forrester obtained a BSc in electrical engineering at the University of Nebraska in 1939 and his MSc at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge, Massachusetts, where he remained to teach and carry out research. Becoming interested in computing, he established the Digital Computer Laboratory at MIT in 1945 and became involved in the construction of Whirlwind I, an early general-purpose computer completed in March 1951 and used for flight-simulation by the US Army Air Force. Finding the linear memories then available for storing data a major limiting factor in the speed at which computers were able to operate, he developed a three-dimensional store based on the binary switching of the state of small magnetic cores that could be addressed and switched by a matrix of wires carrying pulses of current. The machine used parallel synchronous fixed-point computing, with fifteen binary digits and a plus sign, i.e. 16 bits in all, and contained 5,000 vacuum tubes, eleven semiconductors and a 2 MHz clock for the arithmetic logic unit. It occupied a two-storey building and consumed 150kW of electricity. From his experience with the development and use of computers, he came to realize their great potential for the simulation and modelling of real situations and hence for the solution of a variety of management problems, using data communications and the technique now known as interactive graphics. His later career was therefore in this field, first at the MIT Lincoln Laboratory in Lexington, Massachusetts (1951) and subsequently (from 1956) as Professor at the Sloan School of Management at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsNational Academy of Engineering 1967. George Washington University Inventor of the Year 1968. Danish Academy of Science Valdemar Poulsen Gold Medal 1969. Systems, Man and Cybernetics Society Award for Outstanding Accomplishments 1972. Computer Society Pioneer Award 1972. Institution of Electrical Engineers Medal of Honour 1972. National Inventors Hall of Fame 1979. Magnetics Society Information Storage Award 1988. Honorary DEng Nebraska 1954, Newark College of Engineering 1971, Notre Dame University 1974. Honorary DSc Boston 1969, Union College 1973. Honorary DPolSci Mannheim University, Germany. Honorary DHumLett, State University of New York 1988.Bibliography1951, "Data storage in three dimensions using magnetic cores", Journal of Applied Physics 20: 44 (his first description of the core store).Publications on management include: 1961, Industrial Dynamics, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press; 1968, Principles of Systems, 1971, Urban Dynamics, 1980, with A.A.Legasto \& J.M.Lyneis, System Dynamics, North Holland. 1975, Collected Papers, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT.Further ReadingK.C.Redmond \& T.M.Smith, Project Whirlwind, the History of a Pioneer Computer (provides details of the Whirlwind computer).H.H.Goldstine, 1993, The Computer from Pascal to von Neumann, Princeton University Press (for more general background to the development of computers).Serrell et al., 1962, "Evolution of computing machines", Proceedings of the Institute ofRadio Engineers 1,047.M.R.Williams, 1975, History of Computing Technology, London: Prentice-Hall.See also: Burks, Arthur Walter; Goldstine, Herman H.; Wilkes, Maurice Vincent; Williams, Sir Frederic CallandKF -
70 6780
1. LAT Cercomela tractrac ( Wilkes)2. RUS равнинный скромный чекан m3. ENG tractrac [Layard’s] chat4. DEU Oranjeschmätzer m5. FRA — -
71 water corrosivity
водяная коррозия
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
water corrosivity
Complex series of reactions between the water and metal surfaces and materials in which the water is stored or transported. The corrosion process is an oxidation/reduction reaction that returns refined or processed metal to their more stable ore state. With respect to the corrosion potential of drinking water, the primary concerns include the potential presence of toxic metals, such as lead and copper. (Source: WILKES)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > water corrosivity
См. также в других словарях:
Wilkes — es un apellido que puede referirse a: Geografía Condado de Wilkes (Georgia), condado en los Estados Unidos. Condado de Wilkes (Carolina del Norte), condado en los Estados Unidos. Base Wilkes, base australiana en la Antártida. Tierra de Wilkes,… … Wikipedia Español
Wilkes — may refer to:* Wilkes, Portland, Oregon, a US neighborhood * Wilkes (horse), an Australian thoroughbred, sire of Vain (horse) * USS Wilkes (DD 441), a US Navy destroyer * Wilkes University, in Pennsylvania, US * Wilkes Honors College, in Florida … Wikipedia
Wilkes — ist der Familienname folgender Personen: André Wilkes (* 1964), Seelsorger, kreativer Evangelist, Prediger und Autor diverser christlicher Bücher Charles Wilkes (1798–1877), US amerikanischer Marineoffizier und Polarforscher Corey Wilkes (* 1979) … Deutsch Wikipedia
Wilkes — Barre, PA U.S. city in Pennsylvania Population (2000): 43123 Housing Units (2000): 20294 Land area (2000): 6.848931 sq. miles (17.738648 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.331506 sq. miles (0.858597 sq. km) Total area (2000): 7.180437 sq. miles… … StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places
Wilkes, PA — Wilkes Barre, PA U.S. city in Pennsylvania Population (2000): 43123 Housing Units (2000): 20294 Land area (2000): 6.848931 sq. miles (17.738648 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.331506 sq. miles (0.858597 sq. km) Total area (2000): 7.180437 sq. miles… … StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places
Wilkes — Wilkes, Charles * * * (as used in expressions) Booth, John Wilkes Wilkes, John Wilkes, Maurice V(incent) … Enciclopedia Universal
WILKES (J.) — WILKES JOHN (1727 1797) Riche Londonien, entré au Parlement en 1757, Wilkes conquiert la notoriété par son action en faveur des libertés à l’époque de la tentative autoritaire du nouveau roi d’Angleterre, George III. Fondateur, en 1762, du… … Encyclopédie Universelle
Wilkes [2] — Wilkes (spr. Uilkis), 1) Grafschaft im Staate Nord Carolina (Nordamerika), 25 QM.; vom Yadkin River durchflossen; gebirgig, namentlich im Nordwesten (durch die Blue Ridge), sehr fruchtbar, vorzüglich in den Thälern (schönes Weideland); Producte:… … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
Wilkes [1] — Wilkes (spr. Uilkis), 1) John, geb. 17. Octbr. 1727 in London, studirte in Leyden u. wurde 1754 für Aylesbury ins Parlament gewählt, machte aber hier kein Aufsehen. Um seine gestörten Vermögensverhältnisse wiederherzustellen, verschaffte ihm Lord … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
Wilkes — (spr ŭilks), 1) John, engl. Publizist, geb. 17. Okt. 1727 in London, gest. daselbst 26. Dez. 1797, studierte in Leiden und trat 1757 in das Unterhaus. Nach der Thronbesteigung Georgs III. griff er dessen Minister Bute in mehreren Flugschriften… … Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon
Wilkes — (spr. wilks), John, Publizist, geb. 17. Okt. 1727 zu London, gest. 6. Dez. 1797 als Kämmerer der Stadt London, bekannt durch seine Angriffe auf die Regierung; von einigen für den Verfasser der Juniusbriefe (s.d.) gehalten … Kleines Konversations-Lexikon