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1 i
1 "the", indeclinable definite article I, Nam, RGEO:67, Markirya, WJ:369, WJ:398, MC:215, 216, 221. A variant in q.v. is also attested. Hyphenated i- in i-mar "the earth" FS, i-Ciryamo "the mariner's" UT:8, i-aldar *"the trees" Narqelion, attached with a dot in i·yulmar *"the cups" VT48:11, I·Eldanyárë "the History of the Elves" LR:199, i·arya *the best PE17:57, directly prefixed with no hyphen or dot in icilyanna = i cilyanna in SD:247, also ihyarma the left hand in VT49:22 but i hyarma in other versions of the same text. 2 relative pronoun "the one/they who; that which" both article and relative pronoun in CO: i Eru i or ilyë mahalmar ëa: the One who is above all thrones", i hárar "they who are sitting"; cf. also the phrase i hamil mára "that which you deem good" VT42:33. Notice that before a verb, i means "the one who", or, in the case of a plural verb, "those who"; e.g. i carir quettar ómainen "those who form words with voices" WJ:391. According to VT47:21, i as a relative pronoun is the personal plural form corresponding to the personal sg. ye and the impersonal sg. ya. This agrees with the example i carir..., but as is evident from the other examples listed above, Tolkien in certain texts also used i as a singular relative pronoun, both personal Eru i... and impersonal i hamil. In the sense of a plural personal relative pronoun, i is also attested in the genitive ion and ablative illon cases, demonstrating that unlike the indeclinable article i, the relative pronoun i can receive case endings. Both are translated "from whom": ion/ illon camnelyes "from whom you received it" referring to several persons VT47:21. 3 conj. that. Savin Elessar ar ui/u nánë aran Ondórëo I believe that Elessar really existed and uthat/u he was a king of Gondor VT49:27, savin ui/u Elesarno quetië naitë *I believe uthat/u Elessars speaking is true VT49:28Also cf. nai, nái be it that see nai \#1, which may seem to incorporate this conjunction. -
2 yan
relative pronoun in dative "for/to which or "for/to whom PE16:90, 92, 96. Used for to whom" in the poem Nieninque; according to the system described elsewhere, which distinguishes personal ye who" from impersonal ya "which", "to whom would be *yen instead. A wholly distinct yan seems to appear as an ephemeral word for "as" in one version of the Quenya Lord's Prayer; see ya \#2 VT43:16, VT49:18 -
3 har-
vb. "sit, stay", pl. present hárar in CO i hárar "those who sit, those who are sitting". Imperative hara in the phrase hara máriessë stay in happiness PE17:162. According to VT45:20, har- "sit" is derived from a stem KHAD which Tolkien abandoned in the Etymologies, but since CO is later than Etym, he may seem to have restored KHAD. If so, the past tense of har- would be *handë.
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