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1 συνθραύω
συνθραύω (Eur., X.+; ins; Sym. Eccl 12:6) prim. ‘break in pieces’; pass., of one experiencing personal loss (as of prestige) intr. be broken, shattered, in imagery of a wine jug that when empty can bang against others similarly empty without breaking, but in encounter w. a full one is broken: of a false prophet encountering spirit-filled Christians Hm 11:14 (cp. 11:13 σκεῦος θραύεται). Brox, Hermas 262. -
2 κότταβος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `name of a game coming from Sicily, whereby the player from a cup throws the rest of the wine against a target, to wit either against a slice which is in balance on a bar like a lighter, which falls (soc. κότταβος κατακτός) or against an empty saucer, which swims in a basin with water and sinks when hit (κ. ἐν λεκάνῃ or δι' ὀξυβάφων). However κότταβος indicated not only the game itself, but also several objects and movements used. (Anakr., Pi., trag., com., hell.)Other forms: (ion. - σσ-)Derivatives: κοτταβίς f. `cup with two handles, for throwing' (hell.); κοτταβεῖον (- βιον) `kottabos-basin, -stander' (Dikaiarch., hell.), also `winner's prize at k.' (Com.); κοτταβικη ῥάβδος `k.-bar' (hell.). Denomin. verb κοτταβίζω `play k.' (Ar., Antiph.), euphem. for `vomit' (Poll., EM), also with ἀπο-, κατα-, συν- (X., com.); from there κοττάβισις, ( ἀπο-)κοτταβισμός (late).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: As the original meaning of κότταβος is unknown, all etymologies are in the air. In form one compares: κοτ(τ)ίς `head, back of the head', κόττειν τύπτειν H., κόττος `κύβος etc.' (s. vv.). - Studniczka BphW 14, 1299 and K. Schneider P.-W. 11: 2, 1529 understand `provide with a head' referring to the slice ( πλάστιγξ) above on the kottabos-stander. But Mastrelli Boll. di Studi fil. e ling. sic. 5 (1957), Estr. 25ff. starts from κόττος `κύβος, cube', older app. `ἀστράγαλος, swivel'; with κότταβος would be meant the curve of the hand when throwing the cup. The origin would lie in the western Mediterranean (cf. on κοττίς). - Lat. LW [loanword] cottabus `slapping blow' (Plaut.; cf. Friedmann Die jon. u. att. Wörter im Altlatein 46ff.). See κότταβος Mastrelli l. c., a. K. Schneider in P.-W. 11: 2, 1528ff. Cf. also on κοτύλη. The ττ\/σσ points to a Pre-Greek word.Page in Frisk: 1,932Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κότταβος
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3 ἐξερεύγομαι
A vomit forth,πλῆθος βατράχων LXXWi.19.10
, al.; ἀφρόν, of honey when boiled, Gal.6.273: metaph.,λόγον ἀγαθόν LXXPs.44(45).1
.II of a tumour, break out, Hp.Prorrh.1.168.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐξερεύγομαι
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4 καύχημα
καύχημα, ατος, τό (s. prec. and next entry; Pind., I. 5, 51 [65]; LXX; TestJob; Tat. 2, 1). On Gr-Rom. perspectives s. καυχάομαι 2.① act of taking pride in someth. or that which constitutes a source of pride, boast (Ael. Aristid. 32, 5 K.=12 p. 135 D.), then also used when the boast is not made in words, to denote the thing of which one is proud, in this sense pride (Dt 33:29; Pr 17:6) κ. ἔχει he has someth. to boast about Ro 4:2. οὐκ ἔστιν μοι κ. I have no right to boast 1 Cor 9:16. εἰς ἑαυτὸν τὸ κ. ἔχειν have a reason for boasting on one’s own account Gal 6:4 (PHaeuser, BZ 12, 1914, 45–56). With gen. (Ps.-Callisth. 2, 22, 7 and 11 Περσῶν κ.) τὸ κ. μου οὐδεὶς κενώσει 1 Cor 9:15. κ. τινος εἶναι be someone’s pride 2 Cor 1:14. εἰς κ. ἐμοὶ εἰς ἡμέραν Χριστοῦ as my pride (and joy) in the day of Christ Phil 2:16. τὸ κ. ἡμῶν what we are proud of 1 Cl 34:5. τὸ κ. ὑμῶν what you can be proud of Phil 1:26. οὐ καλὸν τὸ κ. ὑμῶν what you are (so) proud of 1 Cor 5:6. τὸ κ. τῆς ἐλπίδος that for which we are proud to hope (cp. Ro 5:2) Hb 3:6.② expression of pride, boast, what is said in boasting ἵνα μὴ τὸ κ. ἡμῶν τὸ ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν κενωθῇ so that what we say in praise of you may not prove to be empty words 2 Cor 9:3.—In effect= boasting (cp. Pind., I. 5, 51 καύχημα=act. ‘boasting’) ἀφορμὴν διδόναι τινὶ καυχήματος ὑπέρ τινος give someone an occasion to be proud of someone 5:12.—PGenths, D. Begriff des καύχημα b. Pls: NKZ 38, 1927, 501–21.—DELG s.v. καυχάομαι. TW. Spicq. -
5 συμφωνέω
συμφωνέω fut. συμφωνήσω; 1 aor. συνεφώνησα, pass. συνεφωνήθην (s. three next entries; Pla., Aristot. et al.; ins, pap, LXX, Philo; Jos., Ant. 10, 106, C. Ap. 2, 181; Ath.)① to be so alike or similar as to match, of thingsⓐ fit (in) with, match (with), agree with (Pla., Aristot. et al.; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 2, 2 Jac. [abs.]) w. dat. τούτῳ συμφωνοῦσιν οἱ λόγοι τῶν προφητῶν with this (i.e. w. God’s call to the nations) the words of the prophets agree Ac 15:15 (cp. Jos., Ant. 1, 107; 15, 174). τῷ παλαιῷ οὐ συμφωνήσει τὸ ἐπίβλημα Lk 5:36. (λίθοι) μὴ συμφωνοῦντες τοῖς ἑτέροις λίθοις Hs 9, 6, 4.ⓑ fit together συμφωνοῦσιν αἱ ἁρμογαί the joints (of the stones) fit together Hv 3, 5, 1c. συμφ. ταῖς ἁρμογαῖς αὐτῶν they fit together at their joints 3, 5, 1a. συμφ. ταῖς ἁρμογαῖς αὐτῶν μετὰ τῶν ἑτέρων λίθων 3, 5, 2; cp. 3, 2, 6.ⓒ match in sound of empty jars that harmonize when knocking against each other συμφωνοῦσιν ἀλλήλοις Hm 11:13.② to have common interests, be in agreement, in harmony, of pers. τινί with someone (Pla., Aristot. et al.; Strabo 12, 3, 25) ἑαυτοῖς συνεφώνησαν they were in agreement with each other Hv 3, 5, 1b.③ to have come to an agreement about someth., be of one mind, agree, w. focus on specific result of negotiations, of pers. (Diod S 12, 25, 3; 4 Km 12:9; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 17; 2, 255 τινὶ περί τινος) ἐὰν δύο συμφωνήσουσιν περὶ πράγματος Mt 18:19. Impers. pass. συνεφωνήθη ὑμῖν πειράσαι; did you agree to test?, lit. ‘was it agreed by you to test?’ Ac 5:9 (B-D-F §202; 409, 3; cp. Lat. convenit inter vos; Rob. 1084). Of a business arrangement (oft. pap) συμφωνήσας μετὰ τῶν ἐργατῶν ἐκ δηναρίου he came to an agreement or he settled with the workers for a denarius Mt 20:2 (on ἐκ w. gen. of price s. ἐκ 4b). Sim. οὐχὶ δηναρίου (gen. of price) συνεφώνησάς μοι; vs. 13, but the latter pass may also fit in 2.—DELG s.v. φωνή. M-M. TW. Spicq. -
6 ἐλπίς
ἐλπίς, ίδος, ἡ (s. ἐλπίζω; Hom.+ ‘expectation, hope’, also ‘foreboding’ Aeschyl. et al.)① the looking forward to someth. with some reason for confidence respecting fulfillment, hope, expectation:ⓐ gener. hope, expectation, prospect ἐπʼ ἐλπίδι (for the spelling s. 1bα below) in hope (Ps.-Pla., Alc. 1, 105a ἐπὶ τίνι ἐλπίδι ζῇς; Eur., Herc. Fur. 804; X., Mem. 2, 1, 18; Diod S 13, 21, 7; Jos., Ant. 4, 36) 1 Cor 9:10a in a quotation (source unknown; cp. Sir. 6:19). παρʼ ἐλπίδα contrary to (all human) expectation (Aeschyl., Ag. 899; Aeneas Tact. 1020; Lycophron vs. 535; Dionys. Hal. 6, 25; Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 22 §85; Philo, Mos. 1, 250; Jos., Bell. 3, 183, Vi. 380; Just., D. 2, 5) Ro 4:18. W. objective gen. (Diod S 16, 55, 4 τῆς εὐεργεσίας ἐλπίς; Appian, Celt. 1 §9 ἐλπὶς ἀναβιώσεως; Jos., Vi. 325 ἐ. κέρδους; Just., D. 8, 3 ἐ. … ἀμείνονος μοίρας) ἐλπὶς τ. ἐργασίας hope of gain Ac 16:19; μετανοίας IEph 10:1; Hs 6, 2, 4; 8, 7, 2; 8, 10, 2. W. gen. of the inf. (Dositheus 19, 6 ἐ. τοῦ δύνασθαι; Ath. 33, 1 τοῦ συνέσεσθαι θεῷ) τοῦ σῴζεσθαι Ac 27:20; τοῦ μετέχειν 1 Cor 9:10b. ἐλπίδα ἔχειν (oft. LXX and non-bibl. wr.) w. gen. of the inf. τοῦ μετανοῆσαι Hs 8, 6, 5. τῇ ἐ. ἐσώθημεν we are saved (or possess salvation) only in hope/anticipation (not yet in reality) Ro 8:24 (Diod S 20, 40, 1 περιεβάλετο ταῖς ἐλπίσι μείζονα δυναστείαν=he entertained prospects of control over a larger realm). ἡ ἐ. ἡμῶν βεβαία ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν our expectations involving you are well founded (Paul is confident that the Cor. will hold out under oppression in the future as they have in the past) 2 Cor 1:7. Of the confidence that the Jews placed in their temple ματαία ἡ ἐ. αὐτῶν B 16:2 (on empty hope, s. Reader, Polemo 313).ⓑ esp. pert. to matters spoken of in God’s promises, hopeα. without specif. ref. to Christian hope ἐπʼ ἐλπίδι (for the spelling ἐφʼ ἑλπίδι s. B-D-F §14; Rob. 224 and cp. an ins fr. Asia Minor: PASA II, 1888, p. 89 ln. 15 ἐπʼ ἐλπίδος and ln. 26 ἐφʼ ἑλπίδος) in (the) hope (Diod S 13, 21, 7 ἐπʼ ἐλπίδι [σωτηρίας]) Ro 8:20 (B-D-F §235, 2); cp. Tit 1:2. ἐπʼ ἐλπίδι ἐπίστευσεν full of hope he believed (in God) Ro 4:18. The ἐπʼ ἐ. of Ac 2:26 could also be understood in this way, but it is also prob. that in this quot. fr. Ps 15:9 the OT mng. in safety (Judg 18:7 B, 27 B; Hos 2:20; Pr 1:33) is correct, as 1 Cl 57:7 (Pr 1:33), unless, with Lat., Syr., and Copt. transl. and Clem. Al., Strom. 2, 22 πεποιθώς is to be added. Of Israel’s messianic hope Ac 23:6 (ἐ. καὶ ἀνάστασις for ἐ. τῆς ἀν. [obj. gen.] as 2 Macc 3:29 ἐ. καὶ σωτηρία); 26:6; 28:20. In imagery of one who combines γνώσις with interest in ζωή Dg 12:6.β. of Christian expectation: abs. Ro 5:4f; 12:12; 15:13; 1 Cor 13:13 (cp. Pol. 3:3; on the triad: faith, hope, love s. on ἀγάπη 1aα; s. also WWeis, ZNW 84, ’93, 196–217); Hb 3:6; 6:11; 10:23; 1 Pt 3:15; Agr. 7; 2 Cl 17:7; IEph 1:2; IMg 7:1; expectation of resurrection 1 Cl 27:1. ἐ. ἀγαθή (Pla., Phd. 67c; X., Mem. 2, 1, 18 et al.; FCumont, Lux Perpetua ’49 p. 401–5 with numerous reff., including some from the mystery religions [IG V/2 p. 63: 64/61 B.C.]; μετὰ ἀγαθῆς ἐ. Hippol., Ref. 4, 49, 3; cp. ἐ. ἔχειν … ἀρίστας Orig., C. Cels. 4, 27, 14) 2 Th 2:16 (POtzen, ZNW 49, ’58, 283–85); ἐ. κρείττων Hb 7:19; ἐ. ζῶσα 1 Pt 1:3; cp. εἰς ἐ. B. 11:8. τὸ κοινὸν τῆς ἐ. the common hope 1 Cl 51:1; cp. κοινὴ ἐ. IPh 5:2; καινότης ἐλπίδος new hope IMg 9:1. W. subj. gen. Phil 1:20; ἐ. τῶν ἐκλεκτῶν 1 Cl 58:2; cp. 57:2. W. obj. gen., which designates the obj. of the hope (Ps.-Callisth. 1, 18, 1 ἱλαρὸς ἐπὶ τῇ τοῦ τέκνου ἐλπίδι=glad because of hope for the son; τῆς ἀναστάσεως Iren. 4, 18, 5 [Harv. II 208, 2]; Orig., C. Cels. 3, 3, 9; Did., Gen. 216, 16) ἐπʼ ἐ. τῆς ἐπαγγελίας because of hope in the promise Ac 26:6, cp. vs. 7; ἐ. ζωῆς αἰωνίου Tit 1:2; 3:7 (Ath. 33, 1); cp. B 1:4, 6; Hs 9, 26, 2; ἐ. τῆς δόξης τ. θεοῦ Ro 5:2; cp. Col 1:27; ἐ. σωτηρίας (cp. Aeneas Tact. ln. 14; Lucian, Abdic. 31; En 98:14; Philo, Leg. ad Gai. 329; Jos., Bell. 3, 194) 1 Th 5:8; 2 Cl 1:7. ἐλπίδα δικαιοσύνης ἀπεκδεχόμεθα Gal 5:5 is also obj. gen., since it is a blending of the two expressions ‘we await righteousness’ and ‘we have expectation of righteousness’ (cp. Job 2:9a προσδεχόμενος τὴν ἐλπίδα τῆς σωτηρίας μου); ἐ. τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν 1 Th 1:3 prob. belongs here also: hope in our Lord.—The gen. can also give the basis for the expectation: ἐ. τοῦ εὐαγγελίου hope that is based on the gospel Col 1:23; ἐ. τῆς κλήσεως the hope that is given w. the calling Eph 1:18; 4:4; ἐ. τῆς πίστεως hope that faith affords B 4:8; ὁ θεὸς τῆς ἐ. Ro 15:13. Sim. ἐ. εἰς (Plut., Galba 1061 [19, 6]; Achilles Tat. 6, 17, 5): ἐ. εἰς θεόν (εἰς τὸν θεόν Did., Gen. 150, 26) hope in God or directed towards God 1 Pt 1:21 (cp. AcThom 28 [Aa II/2, 145, 4]); εἰς τ. Ἰησοῦν B 11:11; cp. ἐ. ἐν (αὐτῷ Diod S 17, 26, 2): ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ Mt 12:21 v.l. ἐπὶ λίθον ἡ ἐ.; is (our) hope based on a stone? (w. ref. to Is 28:16) B 6:3.—As obj. of ἔχω: ἔχειν ἐλπίδα Ro 15:4; 2 Cor 3:12 (cp. Just., D. 141, 3); ἐ. μὴ ἔχοντες (Diod S 21, 12, 1 μηδεμίαν ἔχειν ἐλπίδα σωτηρίας) Eph 2:12; 1 Th 4:13; Hv 3, 11, 3; Hs 9, 14, 3; οὐκ ἔχουσιν ἐλπίδα (Wsd 3:18) Hv 1, 1, 9; ἀπώλεσάς σου τὴν πᾶσαν ἐ. 33, 7. W. ἐπί τινι in someone 1J 3:3 (cp. Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 86 §354 ἐφʼ ἑνί; Lucian, Somn. 2; Ps 61:8; Is 26:3f; ἐπὶ τῇ μετανοίᾳ Orig., C. Cels. 3, 65, 17); likew. εἴς τινα (Thu. 3, 14, 1;—Appian, Liby. 51 §223 ἐλπίδα τῆς σωτηρίας ἔχειν ἔν τινι=place a hope of safety in someone) Ac 24:15; πρός τινα ibid. v.l. The obj. of the hope follows in the aor. inf. 2 Cor 10:15; in the acc. w. inf. Ac 24:15; w. ὅτι Ro 8:20f (v.l. διότι [q.v. 4]); Phil 1:20.② that which is the basis for hoping, (foundation of) hope (ἐλπὶς … σύ, ὁ θεός PsSol 15:1; Thu. 3, 57, 4 ὑμεῖς, ὦ Λακεδαιμόνιοι, ἡ μόνη ἐλπίς; Plut., Mor. 169c; Oenom. in Eus., PE 5, 23, 5: for the Athenians in the Persian Wars, σωτηρίας ἐλπὶς μόνος ὁ θεός=God was their only hope for deliverence; IG III, 131, 1; Jer 17:7) of a Christian community 1 Th 2:19; of Christ, our hope 1 Ti 1:1 (sim. POxy 3239 [II A.D.] of Isis; New Docs 2, 77; EJudge, TynBull 35, ’84, 8); cp. Col 1:27; IEph 21:2; IPhld 11:2; IMg 11; ISm 10:2; ITr ins; 2:2; Pol 8:1.③ that for which one hopes, hope, something hoped for (Vi. Aesopi G 8 P. ἀπὸ θεῶν λήμψεσθαι ἐλπίδας) ἐ. βλεπομένη οὐκ ἔστιν ἐ. something hoped for, when it is seen, is no longer hoped for=one cannot hope for what one already has Ro 8:24. διὰ τ. ἐλπίδα τὴν ἀποκειμένην ὑμῖν ἐν τ. οὐρανοῖς because of what you hope for, which is stored up for you in the heavens Col 1:5; προσδεχόμενοι τ. μακαρίαν ἐ. waiting for the blessed hope Tit 2:13 (cp. 2 Macc 7:14 τὰς ὐπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ προσδοκᾶν ἐλπίδας and Aristot. EN 1, 9, 10 οἱ δὲ λεγόμενοι διὰ τὴν ἐλπίδα μακαρίζονται of children who may be called fortunate in the present only because of latent promise). ἡ προκειμένη ἐ. Hb 6:18 (cp. Just., D. 35, 2 ἐν τῇ ἐ. κατηγγελμένῃ ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ).—PVolz, D. Eschatol. der jüd. Gemeinde ’34, 91ff; JdeGuibert, Sur l’emploi d’ ἐλπίς et ses synonymes dans le NT: RSR 4, 1913, 565–96; APott, D. Hoffen im NT 1915; WGrossouw, L’espérance dans le NT: RB 61, ’54, 508–32; DDenton, SJT 34, ’81, 313–20 (link w. ὑπομονή).—B. 1164. Schmidt, Syn. III 583–90. DELG s.v. ἔλπομαι. M-M. EDNT. TW. 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