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what+is+supplied

  • 41 order

    I 1. ['ɔːdə(r)]

    to put o set [sth.] in order mettere in ordine [ affairs]; to set o put one's life in order — mettere ordine nella propria vita

    2) (sequence) ordine m., successione f.

    to put [sth.] in order — ordinare, classificare [files, record cards]

    to be out of order — [files, records] essere in disordine

    3) (discipline, control) ordine m., disciplina f.

    to keep order — [police, government] mantenere l'ordine; [ teacher] mantenere la disciplina

    4) (established state) ordine m.
    5) (command) ordine m., comando m.

    to have o to be under orders to do avere l'ordine di fare; my orders are to guard the door ho l'ordine di fare la guardia alla porta; to take orders from sb. prendere o ricevere ordini da qcn.; I won't take orders from you non accetto ordini da lei; that's an order! è un ordine! until further orders — fino a nuovo ordine

    6) comm. (request to supply) ordine m., ordinativo m. ( for di); (in restaurant) ordine m. (of di)

    to place an order for sth. — fare un'ordinazione di qcs.

    in working order in grado di funzionare, funzionante; to be out of order — [phone line, machine] essere fuori uso, essere guasto

    order! order! — (in court) silenzio in aula!

    to call sb. to order — richiamare qcn. all'ordine

    to be in order — [ documents] essere in regola

    to be out of order — [ question] essere contrario alla procedura, non essere ammissibile

    economy is the order of the day — fig. l'economia è all'ordine del giorno

    9) relig. ordine m.
    10) (rank, scale)

    the higher, lower orders — le categorie superiori, inferiori

    of the order of 15% — BE

    in the order of 15% — AE dell'ordine del 15%

    11) econ.

    pay to the order of — (on cheque, draft) pagare all'ordine di

    money order — mandato di pagamento, vaglia

    12) BE (honorary association, title) ordine m.
    13) mil. ordine m., schieramento m.
    14) in order that (with the same subject) per, al fine di; (with different subjects) perché, affinché
    15) in order to per, al fine di, allo scopo di
    2.
    nome plurale orders relig. ordini m.
    ••

    in short order — in poco tempo, in quattro e quattr'otto

    II 1. ['ɔːdə(r)]
    1) (command) ordinare [inquiry, retrial]

    to order sb. to do — ordinare o comandare a qcn. di fare

    2) (request the supply of) ordinare [goods, meal]; chiamare [ taxi] ( for a)
    3) (arrange) organizzare, sistemare [ affairs]; ordinare, mettere in ordine [files, cards]; ordinare [names, dates]
    2.
    verbo intransitivo [diner, customer] ordinare
    * * *
    ['o:də] 1. noun
    1) (a statement (by a person in authority) of what someone must do; a command: He gave me my orders.) ordine
    2) (an instruction to supply something: orders from Germany for special gates.) ordine
    3) (something supplied: Your order is nearly ready.) ordinazione, (merce ordinata)
    4) (a tidy state: The house is in (good) order.) ordine
    5) (a system or method: I must have order in my life.) ordine
    6) (an arrangement (of people, things etc) in space, time etc: in alphabetical order; in order of importance.) ordine
    7) (a peaceful condition: law and order.) ordine
    8) (a written instruction to pay money: a banker's order.) ordine
    9) (a group, class, rank or position: This is a list of the various orders of plants; the social order.) ordine
    10) (a religious society, especially of monks: the Benedictine order.) ordine
    2. verb
    1) (to tell (someone) to do something (from a position of authority): He ordered me to stand up.) ordinare
    2) (to give an instruction to supply: I have ordered some new furniture from the shop; He ordered a steak.) ordinare
    3) (to put in order: Should we order these alphabetically?) ordinare
    •
    3. noun
    1) (a hospital attendant who does routine jobs.) inserviente
    2) (a soldier who carries an officer's orders and messages.) attendente
    •
    - order-form
    - in order
    - in order that
    - in order
    - in order to
    - made to order
    - on order
    - order about
    - out of order
    - a tall order
    * * *
    I 1. ['ɔːdə(r)]

    to put o set [sth.] in order mettere in ordine [ affairs]; to set o put one's life in order — mettere ordine nella propria vita

    2) (sequence) ordine m., successione f.

    to put [sth.] in order — ordinare, classificare [files, record cards]

    to be out of order — [files, records] essere in disordine

    3) (discipline, control) ordine m., disciplina f.

    to keep order — [police, government] mantenere l'ordine; [ teacher] mantenere la disciplina

    4) (established state) ordine m.
    5) (command) ordine m., comando m.

    to have o to be under orders to do avere l'ordine di fare; my orders are to guard the door ho l'ordine di fare la guardia alla porta; to take orders from sb. prendere o ricevere ordini da qcn.; I won't take orders from you non accetto ordini da lei; that's an order! è un ordine! until further orders — fino a nuovo ordine

    6) comm. (request to supply) ordine m., ordinativo m. ( for di); (in restaurant) ordine m. (of di)

    to place an order for sth. — fare un'ordinazione di qcs.

    in working order in grado di funzionare, funzionante; to be out of order — [phone line, machine] essere fuori uso, essere guasto

    order! order! — (in court) silenzio in aula!

    to call sb. to order — richiamare qcn. all'ordine

    to be in order — [ documents] essere in regola

    to be out of order — [ question] essere contrario alla procedura, non essere ammissibile

    economy is the order of the day — fig. l'economia è all'ordine del giorno

    9) relig. ordine m.
    10) (rank, scale)

    the higher, lower orders — le categorie superiori, inferiori

    of the order of 15% — BE

    in the order of 15% — AE dell'ordine del 15%

    11) econ.

    pay to the order of — (on cheque, draft) pagare all'ordine di

    money order — mandato di pagamento, vaglia

    12) BE (honorary association, title) ordine m.
    13) mil. ordine m., schieramento m.
    14) in order that (with the same subject) per, al fine di; (with different subjects) perché, affinché
    15) in order to per, al fine di, allo scopo di
    2.
    nome plurale orders relig. ordini m.
    ••

    in short order — in poco tempo, in quattro e quattr'otto

    II 1. ['ɔːdə(r)]
    1) (command) ordinare [inquiry, retrial]

    to order sb. to do — ordinare o comandare a qcn. di fare

    2) (request the supply of) ordinare [goods, meal]; chiamare [ taxi] ( for a)
    3) (arrange) organizzare, sistemare [ affairs]; ordinare, mettere in ordine [files, cards]; ordinare [names, dates]
    2.
    verbo intransitivo [diner, customer] ordinare

    English-Italian dictionary > order

  • 42 order

    ['ɔːdə(r)] 1. n
    ( command) rozkaz m; (from shop, company, in restaurant) zamówienie nt; (sequence, organization, discipline) porządek m; ( REL) zakon m
    2. vt
    ( command) nakazywać (nakazać perf), rozkazywać (rozkazać perf); (from shop, company, in restaurant) zamawiać (zamówić perf); (also: put in order) porządkować (uporządkować perf)

    in order to/that — żeby +infin

    out of order — ( not working) niesprawny; ( in wrong sequence) nie po kolei; resolution, behaviour niezgodny z przepisami

    to order sb to do sth — kazać (kazać perf) komuś coś zrobić

    of/in the order of — rzędu +gen

    Phrasal Verbs:
    * * *
    ['o:də] 1. noun
    1) (a statement (by a person in authority) of what someone must do; a command: He gave me my orders.) rozkaz, polecenie
    2) (an instruction to supply something: orders from Germany for special gates.) zamówienie
    3) (something supplied: Your order is nearly ready.) zamówienie
    4) (a tidy state: The house is in (good) order.) porządek
    5) (a system or method: I must have order in my life.) ład
    6) (an arrangement (of people, things etc) in space, time etc: in alphabetical order; in order of importance.) kolejność
    7) (a peaceful condition: law and order.) porządek
    8) (a written instruction to pay money: a banker's order.) przekaz
    9) (a group, class, rank or position: This is a list of the various orders of plants; the social order.) rząd, porządek
    10) (a religious society, especially of monks: the Benedictine order.) zakon
    2. verb
    1) (to tell (someone) to do something (from a position of authority): He ordered me to stand up.) rozkazywać
    2) (to give an instruction to supply: I have ordered some new furniture from the shop; He ordered a steak.) zamawiać
    3) (to put in order: Should we order these alphabetically?) uporządkować
    •
    3. noun
    1) (a hospital attendant who does routine jobs.) sanitariusz
    2) (a soldier who carries an officer's orders and messages.) ordynans
    •
    - order-form
    - in order
    - in order that
    - in order
    - in order to
    - made to order
    - on order
    - order about
    - out of order
    - a tall order

    English-Polish dictionary > order

  • 43 order

    ['o:də] 1. noun
    1) (a statement (by a person in authority) of what someone must do; a command: He gave me my orders.) pavēle; norādījums
    2) (an instruction to supply something: orders from Germany for special gates.) pasūtījums
    3) (something supplied: Your order is nearly ready.) pasūtījums; pieprasījums
    4) (a tidy state: The house is in (good) order.) kārtība
    5) (a system or method: I must have order in my life.) kārtība; sistēma
    6) (an arrangement (of people, things etc) in space, time etc: in alphabetical order; in order of importance.) kārtība; secība
    7) (a peaceful condition: law and order.) kārtība
    8) (a written instruction to pay money: a banker's order.) orderis, rīkojums
    9) (a group, class, rank or position: This is a list of the various orders of plants; the social order.) šķira; klase; kārta; slānis
    10) (a religious society, especially of monks: the Benedictine order.) ordenis
    2. verb
    1) (to tell (someone) to do something (from a position of authority): He ordered me to stand up.) pavēlēt; []rīkot
    2) (to give an instruction to supply: I have ordered some new furniture from the shop; He ordered a steak.) pasūtīt
    3) (to put in order: Should we order these alphabetically?) sakārtot
    •
    3. noun
    1) (a hospital attendant who does routine jobs.) sanitārs
    2) (a soldier who carries an officer's orders and messages.) dieninieks
    •
    - order-form
    - in order
    - in order that
    - in order
    - in order to
    - made to order
    - on order
    - order about
    - out of order
    - a tall order
    * * *
    secība, kārtība; sabiedriskā iekārta; ierinda; sociālā grupa, slānis; ordenis; kārta; apakšklase, kārta; pakāpe; īpašība, šķira; pavēle, rīkojums; pasūtījums; orderis, atļauja; orderis; norīkot, pavēlēt; pasūtīt

    English-Latvian dictionary > order

  • 44 order

    ['o:də] 1. noun
    1) (a statement (by a person in authority) of what someone must do; a command: He gave me my orders.) įsakymas, nurodymas
    2) (an instruction to supply something: orders from Germany for special gates.) užsakymas
    3) (something supplied: Your order is nearly ready.) užsakymas
    4) (a tidy state: The house is in (good) order.) tvarka, gera būklė
    5) (a system or method: I must have order in my life.) tvarka
    6) (an arrangement (of people, things etc) in space, time etc: in alphabetical order; in order of importance.) tvarka, seka
    7) (a peaceful condition: law and order.) tvarka
    8) (a written instruction to pay money: a banker's order.) pervedimas, perlaida
    9) (a group, class, rank or position: This is a list of the various orders of plants; the social order.) rūšis, rangas, padėtis
    10) (a religious society, especially of monks: the Benedictine order.) ordinas
    2. verb
    1) (to tell (someone) to do something (from a position of authority): He ordered me to stand up.) liepti, įsakyti
    2) (to give an instruction to supply: I have ordered some new furniture from the shop; He ordered a steak.) užsakyti
    3) (to put in order: Should we order these alphabetically?) sutvarkyti
    •
    3. noun
    1) (a hospital attendant who does routine jobs.) sanitaras
    2) (a soldier who carries an officer's orders and messages.) pasiuntinys
    •
    - order-form
    - in order
    - in order that
    - in order
    - in order to
    - made to order
    - on order
    - order about
    - out of order
    - a tall order

    English-Lithuanian dictionary > order

  • 45 order

    n. ordning; befallning, order; beställning, order, varuorder; präststånd; orden
    --------
    v. befalla, beordra; beställa; ordna; styra
    * * *
    ['o:də] 1. noun
    1) (a statement (by a person in authority) of what someone must do; a command: He gave me my orders.) order, befallning
    2) (an instruction to supply something: orders from Germany for special gates.) order, beställning
    3) (something supplied: Your order is nearly ready.) order, beställning
    4) (a tidy state: The house is in (good) order.) ordning
    5) (a system or method: I must have order in my life.) ordning
    6) (an arrangement (of people, things etc) in space, time etc: in alphabetical order; in order of importance.) ordning
    7) (a peaceful condition: law and order.) ordning
    8) (a written instruction to pay money: a banker's order.) anvisning, []order
    9) (a group, class, rank or position: This is a list of the various orders of plants; the social order.) klass, stånd, ordning
    10) (a religious society, especially of monks: the Benedictine order.) orden
    2. verb
    1) (to tell (someone) to do something (from a position of authority): He ordered me to stand up.) beordra, befalla
    2) (to give an instruction to supply: I have ordered some new furniture from the shop; He ordered a steak.) beställa
    3) (to put in order: Should we order these alphabetically?) ordna
    •
    3. noun
    1) (a hospital attendant who does routine jobs.) sjukvårdsbiträde
    2) (a soldier who carries an officer's orders and messages.) ordonnans
    •
    - order-form
    - in order
    - in order that
    - in order
    - in order to
    - made to order
    - on order
    - order about
    - out of order
    - a tall order

    English-Swedish dictionary > order

  • 46 order

    ['o:də] 1. noun
    1) (a statement (by a person in authority) of what someone must do; a command: He gave me my orders.) směrnice; rozkaz
    2) (an instruction to supply something: orders from Germany for special gates.) objednávka
    3) (something supplied: Your order is nearly ready.) zakázka
    4) (a tidy state: The house is in (good) order.) stav
    5) (a system or method: I must have order in my life.) řád
    6) (an arrangement (of people, things etc) in space, time etc: in alphabetical order; in order of importance.) pořadí
    7) (a peaceful condition: law and order.) pořádek
    8) (a written instruction to pay money: a banker's order.) platební příkaz
    9) (a group, class, rank or position: This is a list of the various orders of plants; the social order.) řád
    10) (a religious society, especially of monks: the Benedictine order.) řád
    2. verb
    1) (to tell (someone) to do something (from a position of authority): He ordered me to stand up.) nařídit
    2) (to give an instruction to supply: I have ordered some new furniture from the shop; He ordered a steak.) objednat
    3) (to put in order: Should we order these alphabetically?) uspořádat
    •
    3. noun
    1) (a hospital attendant who does routine jobs.) zdravotník, -ice
    2) (a soldier who carries an officer's orders and messages.) ordonance
    •
    - order-form
    - in order
    - in order that
    - in order
    - in order to
    - made to order
    - on order
    - order about
    - out of order
    - a tall order
    * * *
    • velet
    • uspořádat
    • zakázka
    • postup
    • pořádek
    • pořadí
    • poručit
    • povel
    • přikázat
    • řád
    • řad
    • příkaz
    • rozkázat
    • rozkazovat
    • rozkaz
    • seřadit
    • stupeň
    • nařídit
    • nařízení
    • objednat
    • objednávat
    • objednávka

    English-Czech dictionary > order

  • 47 order

    ['o:də] 1. noun
    1) (a statement (by a person in authority) of what someone must do; a command: He gave me my orders.) rozkaz; nariadenie
    2) (an instruction to supply something: orders from Germany for special gates.) objednávka
    3) (something supplied: Your order is nearly ready.) zákazka
    4) (a tidy state: The house is in (good) order.) stav
    5) (a system or method: I must have order in my life.) poriadok
    6) (an arrangement (of people, things etc) in space, time etc: in alphabetical order; in order of importance.) poradie
    7) (a peaceful condition: law and order.) poriadok
    8) (a written instruction to pay money: a banker's order.) platobný príkaz
    9) (a group, class, rank or position: This is a list of the various orders of plants; the social order.) druh; poriadok
    10) (a religious society, especially of monks: the Benedictine order.) rád
    2. verb
    1) (to tell (someone) to do something (from a position of authority): He ordered me to stand up.) nariadiť
    2) (to give an instruction to supply: I have ordered some new furniture from the shop; He ordered a steak.) objednať
    3) (to put in order: Should we order these alphabetically?) usporiadať
    •
    3. noun
    1) (a hospital attendant who does routine jobs.) zdravotník, -čka
    2) (a soldier who carries an officer's orders and messages.) ordonanc, vojenský posol
    •
    - order-form
    - in order
    - in order that
    - in order
    - in order to
    - made to order
    - on order
    - order about
    - out of order
    - a tall order
    * * *
    • uznesenie
    • ustanovit
    • usporiadanie
    • velit
    • usporiadat si
    • vypísat
    • zlacnená vstupenka
    • zariadit
    • zákazka
    • zorganizovat si
    • zoradenie
    • slovosled
    • smernica
    • spolocenská vrstva
    • urcit
    • prikázat
    • príkaz
    • druh
    • formácia
    • knazský stav
    • inštrukcia
    • charakter
    • rozkazovat
    • rozkladat
    • rozhodnutie
    • rozkaz
    • riadit
    • rozkázat
    • poradie
    • povolenie
    • poslat
    • pokoj
    • poukážka
    • povaha
    • postupnost
    • poriadok
    • miesto
    • nariadovat
    • nariadenie
    • nariadit
    • nakázat
    • opatrenie
    • objednat
    • objednat si
    • objednávat
    • objednávka

    English-Slovak dictionary > order

  • 48 order

    ['o:də] 1. noun
    1) (a statement (by a person in authority) of what someone must do; a command: He gave me my orders.) ordin
    2) (an instruction to supply something: orders from Germany for special gates.) comandă
    3) (something supplied: Your order is nearly ready.) comandă
    4) (a tidy state: The house is in (good) order.) ordine
    5) (a system or method: I must have order in my life.) ordine
    6) (an arrangement (of people, things etc) in space, time etc: in alphabetical order; in order of importance.) ordine
    7) (a peaceful condition: law and order.) ordine
    8) (a written instruction to pay money: a banker's order.) ordin de plată
    9) (a group, class, rank or position: This is a list of the various orders of plants; the social order.) clasă; categorie
    10) (a religious society, especially of monks: the Benedictine order.) ordin
    2. verb
    1) (to tell (someone) to do something (from a position of authority): He ordered me to stand up.) a ordona
    2) (to give an instruction to supply: I have ordered some new furniture from the shop; He ordered a steak.) a comanda
    3) (to put in order: Should we order these alphabetically?) a ordona
    •
    3. noun
    1) (a hospital attendant who does routine jobs.) infirmieră
    2) (a soldier who carries an officer's orders and messages.) ordonanţă
    •
    - order-form
    - in order
    - in order that
    - in order
    - in order to
    - made to order
    - on order
    - order about
    - out of order
    - a tall order

    English-Romanian dictionary > order

  • 49 order

    ['o:də] 1. noun
    1) (a statement (by a person in authority) of what someone must do; a command: He gave me my orders.) διατάγη
    2) (an instruction to supply something: orders from Germany for special gates.) παραγγελία
    3) (something supplied: Your order is nearly ready.) παραγγελία
    4) (a tidy state: The house is in (good) order.) τάξη,καλή λειτουτργία
    5) (a system or method: I must have order in my life.) σύστημα,τάξη
    6) (an arrangement (of people, things etc) in space, time etc: in alphabetical order; in order of importance.) σειρα,διάταξη
    7) (a peaceful condition: law and order.) τάξη
    8) (a written instruction to pay money: a banker's order.) εντολή,επιταγή
    9) (a group, class, rank or position: This is a list of the various orders of plants; the social order.) τάξη
    10) (a religious society, especially of monks: the Benedictine order.) τάγμα
    2. verb
    1) (to tell (someone) to do something (from a position of authority): He ordered me to stand up.) διατάζω
    2) (to give an instruction to supply: I have ordered some new furniture from the shop; He ordered a steak.) παραγγέλνω
    3) (to put in order: Should we order these alphabetically?) ταξινομώ,τακτοποιώ
    •
    3. noun
    1) (a hospital attendant who does routine jobs.) βοηθός νοσοκόμου
    2) (a soldier who carries an officer's orders and messages.) ορτινάντσα
    •
    - order-form
    - in order
    - in order that
    - in order
    - in order to
    - made to order
    - on order
    - order about
    - out of order
    - a tall order

    English-Greek dictionary > order

  • 50 order

    ['o:də] 1. noun
    1) (a statement (by a person in authority) of what someone must do; a command: He gave me my orders.) ordre
    2) (an instruction to supply something: orders from Germany for special gates.) commande
    3) (something supplied: Your order is nearly ready.) commande
    4) (a tidy state: The house is in (good) order.) ordre
    5) (a system or method: I must have order in my life.) ordre
    6) (an arrangement (of people, things etc) in space, time etc: in alphabetical order; in order of importance.) ordre
    7) (a peaceful condition: law and order.) ordre
    8) (a written instruction to pay money: a banker's order.) mandat
    9) (a group, class, rank or position: This is a list of the various orders of plants; the social order.) ordre
    10) (a religious society, especially of monks: the Benedictine order.) ordre
    2. verb
    1) (to tell (someone) to do something (from a position of authority): He ordered me to stand up.) ordonner
    2) (to give an instruction to supply: I have ordered some new furniture from the shop; He ordered a steak.) commander
    3) (to put in order: Should we order these alphabetically?) organiser
    •
    3. noun
    1) (a hospital attendant who does routine jobs.) aide-infirmier/-ière
    2) (a soldier who carries an officer's orders and messages.) ordonnance
    •
    - order-form - in order - in order that - in order - in order to - made to order - on order - order about - out of order - a tall order

    English-French dictionary > order

  • 51 order

    ['o:də] 1. noun
    1) (a statement (by a person in authority) of what someone must do; a command: He gave me my orders.) ordem
    2) (an instruction to supply something: orders from Germany for special gates.) encomenda
    3) (something supplied: Your order is nearly ready.) encomenda
    4) (a tidy state: The house is in (good) order.) ordem
    5) (a system or method: I must have order in my life.) ordem
    6) (an arrangement (of people, things etc) in space, time etc: in alphabetical order; in order of importance.) ordem
    7) (a peaceful condition: law and order.) ordem
    8) (a written instruction to pay money: a banker's order.) ordem
    9) (a group, class, rank or position: This is a list of the various orders of plants; the social order.) ordem
    10) (a religious society, especially of monks: the Benedictine order.) ordem
    2. verb
    1) (to tell (someone) to do something (from a position of authority): He ordered me to stand up.) ordenar
    2) (to give an instruction to supply: I have ordered some new furniture from the shop; He ordered a steak.) encomendar
    3) (to put in order: Should we order these alphabetically?) ordenar
    •
    3. noun
    1) (a hospital attendant who does routine jobs.) atendente
    2) (a soldier who carries an officer's orders and messages.) ordenança
    •
    - order-form - in order - in order that - in order - in order to - made to order - on order - order about - out of order - a tall order

    English-Portuguese (Brazil) dictionary > order

  • 52 North, Simeon

    SUBJECT AREA: Weapons and armour
    [br]
    b. 13 July 1765 Berlin, Connecticut, USA
    d. 25 August 1852 Middletown, Connecticut, USA
    [br]
    American manufacturer of small arms.
    [br]
    Like his father and grandfather, Simeon North began his working life as a farmer. In 1795 he started a business making scythes in an old mill adjoining his farm. He had apparently already been making some pistols for sale, and in March 1799 he secured his first government contract, for 500 horse-pistols to be delivered within one year. This was followed by further contracts for 1,500 in 1800, 2,000 in 1802, and others; by 1813 he had supplied at least 10,000 pistols and was employing forty or fifty men. In a contract for 20,000 pistols in 1813 there was a provision, which North himself recommended, that parts should be interchangeable. It is probable that he had employed the concept of interchangeability at least as early as his more famous contemporary Eli Whitney. To meet this contract he established a new factory at Middletown, Connecticut, but his original works at Berlin continued to be used until 1843. His last government order for pistols was in 1828, but from 1823 he obtained a series of contracts for rifles and carbines, with the last (1850) being completed in 1853, after his death. In developing machine tools to carry out these contracts, North was responsible for what was probably the earliest milling machine, albeit in a relatively primitive form, c. 1816 or even as early as 1808. In 1811 he was elected Lieutenant-Colonel of the 6th Connecticut Regiment; although he resigned after only two years, he was generally known thereafter as Colonel North.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    S.N.D.North and R.H.North, 1913, Simeon North: First Official Pistol Maker of the United States, Concord, NH (the fullest account).
    J.W.Roe, 1916, English and American Tool Builders, New Haven; reprinted 1926, New York, and 1987, Bradley, 111.
    Merrit Roe Smith, 1973, "John H.Hall, Simeon North, and the milling machine: the nature of innovation among antebellum arms makers", Technology and Culture 14:573–91.
    RTS

    Biographical history of technology > North, Simeon

  • 53 Translation

       What such a suggestion amounts to, if taken seriously, is the requirement that a translation machine should not only be supplied with a dictionary but also with a universal encyclopedia. This is surely utterly chimerical and hardly deserves any further discussion. (Bar-Hillel, 1960, p. 160)
       By intervening in highly abstract realms of thought to shape their speakers' cognitive lives, languages act to insure the maintenance across generations of the most complex cognitive attainments of the human race and of the most complex cognitive attainments of its individual cultures. But, ironically, these same cognitive contributions act to separate their speakers cognitively from speakers of other languages-to create and perpetuate significant cognitive barriers to cross-linguistic communication and understanding. The barriers are certainly not impenetrable. But to penetrate them one cannot rely simply on a translation equivalent or a convenient paraphrase. Here, in highly abstract realms of thought, translation depends on, and provides the direction for, cognitive growth. (Bloom, 1981, p. 86)

    Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Translation

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