-
1 What hath God wrought!
"Вот что творит Бог!"Цитата из Библии - первая фраза, переданная из Балтимора в Вашингтон в 1844 по телеграфу его изобретателем С. Морзе [ Morse, Samuel Finley Breese (F. B.)]. По некоторым данным, была передана в вопросительной формеEnglish-Russian dictionary of regional studies > What hath God wrought!
-
2 Morse, Samuel Finley Breese (F. B.)
(1791-1872) Морзе, Сэмюэл Финли БризИзобретатель, художник. Преподавал курс живописи и рисования в Нью-Йоркском университете. В 1826 стал одним из главных основателей Национальной академии художеств [ National Academy of Design], в 1826-45 и 1861-72 был ее президентом. Однако в истории остался прежде всего благодаря тому, что в 1838 изобрел релейное устройство для телеграфа и кодовую азбуку, получившую его имя. Первое телеграфное сообщение с использованием азбуки Морзе было передано из г. Вашингтона в г. Балтимор в 1844. В 1900 избран в национальную Галерею славы [ Hall of Fame].English-Russian dictionary of regional studies > Morse, Samuel Finley Breese (F. B.)
-
3 Morse, Samuel Finley Breeze
SUBJECT AREA: Telecommunications[br]b. 27 April 1791 Charlestown, Massachusetts, USAd. 2 April 1872 New York City, New York, USA[br]American portrait painter and inventor, b est known for his invention of the telegraph and so-called Morse code.[br]Following early education at Phillips Academy, Andover, at the age of 14 years Morse went to Yale College, where he developed interests in painting and electricity. Upon graduating in 1810 he became a clerk to a Washington publisher and a pupil of Washington Allston, a well-known American painter. The following year he travelled to Europe and entered the London studio of another American artist, Benjamin West, successfully exhibiting at the Royal Academy as well as winning a prize and medal for his sculpture. Returning to Boston and finding little success as a "historical-style" painter, he built up a thriving portrait business, moving in 1818 to Charleston, South Carolina, where three years later he established the (now defunct) South Carolina Academy of Fine Arts. In 1825 he was back in New York, but following the death of his wife and both of his parents that year, he embarked on an extended tour of European art galleries. In 1832, on the boat back to America, he met Charles T.Jackson, who told him of the discovery of the electromagnet and fired his interest in telegraphy to the extent that Morse immediately began to make suggestions for electrical communications and, apparently, devised a form of printing telegraph. Although he returned to his painting and in 1835 was appointed the first Professor of the Literature of Art and Design at the University of New York City, he began to spend more and more time experimenting in telegraphy. In 1836 he invented a relay as a means of extending the cable distance over which telegraph signals could be sent. At this time he became acquainted with Alfred Vail, and the following year, when the US government published the requirements for a national telegraph service, they set out to produce a workable system, with finance provided by Vail's father (who, usefully, owned an ironworks). A patent was filed on 6 October 1837 and a successful demonstration using the so-called Morse code was given on 6 January 1838; the work was, in fact, almost certainly largely that of Vail. As a result of the demonstration a Bill was put forward to Congress for $30,000 for an experimental line between Washington and Baltimore. This was eventually passed and the line was completed, and on 24 May 1844 the first message, "What hath God wrought", was sent between the two cities. In the meantime Morse also worked on the insulation of submarine cables by means of pitch tar and indiarubber.With success achieved, Morse offered his invention to the Government for $100,000, but this was declined, so the invention remained in private hands. To exploit it, Morse founded the Magnetic Telephone Company in 1845, amalgamating the following year with the telegraph company of a Henry O'Reilly to form Western Union. Having failed to obtain patents in Europe, he now found himself in litigation with others in the USA, but eventually, in 1854, the US Supreme Court decided in his favour and he soon became very wealthy. In 1857 a proposal was made for a telegraph service across the whole of the USA; this was completed in just over four months in 1861. Four years later work began on a link to Europe via Canada, Alaska, the Aleutian Islands and Russia, but it was abandoned with the completion of the transatlantic cable, a venture in which he also had some involvement. Showered with honours, Morse became a generous philanthropist in his later years. By 1883 the company he had created was worth $80 million and had a virtual monopoly in the USA.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsLLD, Yale 1846. Fellow of the Academy of Arts and Sciences 1849. Celebratory Banquet, New York, 1869. Statue in New York Central Park 1871. Austrian Gold Medal of Scientific Merit. Danish Knight of the Danneborg. French Légion d'honneur. Italian Knight of St Lazaro and Mauritio. Portuguese Knight of the Tower and Sword. Turkish Order of Glory.BibliographyE.L.Morse (ed.), 1975, Letters and Journals, New York: Da Capo Press (facsimile of a 1914 edition).Further ReadingJ.Munro, 1891, Heroes of the Telegraph (discusses his telegraphic work and its context).C.Mabee, 1943, The American Leonardo: A Life of Samuel Morse; reprinted 1969 (a detailed biography).KFBiographical history of technology > Morse, Samuel Finley Breeze
-
4 Vail, Alfred Lewis
SUBJECT AREA: Telecommunications[br]b. 25 September 1807 Morristown, New Jersey, USAd. 18 January 1859 Morristown, New Jersey, USA[br]American telegraph pioneer and associate of Samuel Morse; widely credited with the invention of "Morse" code.[br]After leaving school, Vail was initially employed at his father's ironworks in Morristown, but he then decided to train for the Presbyterian ministry, graduating from New York City University in 1836. Unfortunately, he was then obliged to abandon his chosen career because of ill health. He accidentally met Samuel Morse not long afterwards, and he became interested in the latter's telegraph experiments; in return for a share of the rights, he agreed to construct apparatus and finance the filing of US and foreign patents. Working in Morristown with Morse and Leonard Gale, and with financial backing from his father, Vail constructed around his father's plant a telegraph with 3 miles (4.8 km) of wire. It is also possible that he, rather than Morse, was largely responsible for devising the so-called Morse code, a series of dot and dash codes representing the letters of the alphabet, and in which the simplest codes were chosen for those letters found to be most numerous in a case of printer's type. This system was first demonstrated on 6 January 1838 and there were subsequent public demonstrations in New York and Philadelphia. Eventually Congress authorized an above-ground line between Washington and Baltimore, and on 24 May 1844 the epoch-making message "What hath God wrought?" was transmitted.Vail remained with Morse for a further four years, but he gradually lost interest in telegraphy and resigned, receiving no credit for his important contribution.[br]BibliographyThe Magnetic Telegraph.Further Reading1845, American Electrotelegraph 135.J.J.Fahie, 1884, A History of the Electric Telegraph to the Year 1837, London: E\&F Spon.KF
См. также в других словарях:
Hath — (h[a^]th), v., 3d pers. sing. pres. of {Have}, contracted from haveth. Has. [Archaic.] [1913 Webster] What hath God wrought? Samuel F. B. Morse [The first message sent by telegraph, from Mr. Morse, at the chamber of the Supreme Court (then in the … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
what — I. pronoun Etymology: Middle English, from Old English hwæt, neuter of hwā who more at who Date: before 12th century 1. a. (1) used as an interrogative expressing inquiry about the identity, nature, or value of an object or matter < what is this… … New Collegiate Dictionary
wrought — Hana ia. What hath God wrought (Nah. 23:23), kupaianaha ka hana ana a ke Akua … English-Hawaiian dictionary
GOD — IN THE BIBLE The Bible is not a single book, but a collection of volumes composed by different authors living in various countries over a period of more than a millennium. In these circumstances, divergencies of emphasis (cf. Kings with… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
Oxford History of the United States — The Oxford History of the United States (1982–present) is an ongoing multi volume narrative history of the United States published by Oxford University Press. Contents 1 Woodward editorship 2 Kennedy editorship 3 Volumes … Wikipedia
Electrical telegraph — A printing electrical telegraph receiver, and a transmitter key at bottom right An electrical telegraph is a telegraph that uses electrical signals, usually conveyed via telecommunication lines or radio. The electromagnetic telegraph is a device… … Wikipedia
Numbers 23 — 1 And Balaam said unto Balak, Build me here seven altars, and prepare me here seven oxen and seven rams. 2 And Balak did as Balaam had spoken; and Balak and Balaam offered on every altar a bullock and a ram. 3 And Balaam said unto Balak, Stand by … The King James version of the Bible
Arnold Brown (General of The Salvation Army) — Arnold Brown (December 13, 1913 ndash; June 26, 2002) was the 11th General of The Salvation Army (1977 1981).He was born in London, England, the son of officers of the Army. While he was still a young boy, his family emigrated to Canada, and it… … Wikipedia
Sarah Josepha Hale — Sarah Josepha Hale, 1831, by James Reid Lambdin Born October 24, 1788 Newport, New Hampshire Died April 30, 1879(1879 04 30) (aged … Wikipedia
Anne Royall — (June 11 1769 mdash; October 1 1854), by some accounts the first professional woman journalist in the United States, was born Anne Newport in Baltimore, Maryland. Anne grew up in the western frontier of Pennsylvania before her family migrated… … Wikipedia
American Morse code — also known as Railroad Morse is the latter day name for the original version of the Morse Code developed in the mid 1840s, by Samuel Morse and Alfred Vail for their electric telegraph. The American qualifier was added because, after most of the… … Wikipedia
