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1 nan-
prefix "backwards" NDAN or back, as in nanwen- return go/come back, PE17:166, cf. also nanquernë *turned back, the pl. form of *nanquerna VT49:17-18. Apparently assimilated nal- in nalláma echo if this represents *nan-láma back-sound, sound coming back. -
2 nalláma
noun "echo" LAM. The initial element may be nan- back, hence back-sound, sound that comes back cf. láma. -
3 nallama
noun "echo" LAM. The initial element may be nan- back, hence back-sound, sound that comes back cf. láma. -
4 men-
4 vb. "go" VT47:11, cf. VT42:30, VT49:23, attested in the aorist menë in the sentence imbi Menel Cemenyë menë Ráno tië "between Heaven and Earth goes the path of the Moon". In the verb nanwen- return or go/come back, -men- is changed to -wen- following nan- back etymological form cited as nan-men-, PE17:166. In examples from VT49:23, 24, Tolkien used men- in the sense of go as far as: 1st person sg. aorist menin menin coaryanna I arrive at or come/get to his house, endingless aorist menë, present tense ména- is on point of arrival, is just coming to an end, past tense mennë arrived, reached, in this tense usually with locative rather than allative mennen sís I arrived here, perfect eménië has just arrived, future menuva will arrive. All of these examples were first written with the verb as ten- rather than men-, Tolkien then emending the initial consonant. -
5 nanwen-
vb. return go/come back PE17:166. The etymological form nan-men- indicates that the second element is \#men- go, changed to -wen- following nan- back; hence the perfect should perhaps be *naneménië. -
6 pontë(ponti-)
noun "back, rear" QL:75 -
7 axë
ks noun neck the bony part of the neck, not including throat, pl. axi given. Also sg. acas the alternative form axë is said to be later and seems to be an analogical back-formation from the pl. axi. The word is also used geographically of rock ridges. PE17:92 -
8 ata
adv. "again", also prefix ata-, at- "back, again, re-; second time, double" ATAT, PE17:166, cf. ataquanta-, ataquetië or two PE17:166, also ambi- as in ataformaitë, q.v. -
9 cata
cana prep? "behind, at back of place" VT43:30 see ca -
10 quer-
vb. turn transitive, attested as pa.t. quernë VT49:18-20. Compare kuere kwere as one variant of a stem meaning turn PE14:65. English intransitive to turn requires a reflexive pronoun in Quenya: mo quernë immo *one turned oneself VT49:6, in idiomatic English simply one turned. Passive participle \#querna turned, isolated from nuquerna q.v. *"under-turned" = reversed, turned upside down. Also in númenquerna *turned westward VT49:18, nanquernë *turned back, pl. form of *nanquerna VT49:17-18, 20 -
11 Nando
1 pl. Nandor noun name of the Green-elves Laiquendi. The primitive word ¤ndandō, whence Quenya Nando, implied "one who goes back on his word or decision", since the Nandor left the March from Cuiviénen to Aman. Adj. Nandorin. WJ:412, VT48:32 -
12 nó
1 stem nów- as in pl. nówi noun "conception" = idea NOWO. In an earlier version, later deleted, nó represented earlier ñó ngó, glossed "idea, thought" VT46:6. 2 conj."but" VT41:13 3 prep. before of time, compare nóvo, at back of spatial relationships. In other conceptual phases, Tolkien also let the word have the opposite meaning after of time or in front of space. VT49:32. -
13 ahtar-
do back; react; requite, avenge PE17:166. Also accar-. The note containing this form was struck out, but the related Sindarin word acharn vengeance appears in the narratives. -
14 accar-
vb. do back; react; requite, avenge PE17:166. Also ahtar-. The note containing this form was struck out, but the related Sindarin word acharn vengeance appears in the narratives. -
15 atta-
prefix 2 "back again, re-" TAT -
16 arya
1 adj. excelling, used as the comparative form of mára good, hence *better PE17:57. The superlative *best is i arya with the article, with genitive to express *the best of Cf. mára. 3 noun "twelve hours, day" ARsup1/sup; compare aurë. In deleted notes this word was also used as an adjective: "of the day, light" VT45:6. Still according to VT45:6, arya is also the name of Tengwa \#26 in the pre-classical Tengwar system presupposed in the Etymologies, but Tolkien would later call \#26 arda instead indeed arya was changed from arda in the source; Tolkien would later change his mind back again. The abandoned name arya suggests that the letter was to have the value ry rather than rd as in the classical system outlined in LotR Appendix E. Since the word for day daylight period is given as aurë in later sources, and arya is assigned other meanings in late material see \#1, 2 above, the conceptual validity of arya day is questionable.% -
17 nan
conj. "but" FS; the Etymologies also gives ná, nán NDAN, but these words may be confused with forms of the verb "to be", so nan should perhaps be preferred, unless for "but" one uses the wholly distinct word mal. In Tolkien's later Quenya, it may be that he introduced new words for but to free up nan for another meaning perhaps the adverb back, compare the prefix nan-. -
18 nattirë
vb. look back PE17:166 -
19 ca
cana prep? "behind, at back of place" VT43:30 -
20 vá
exclamation "I will not!" or "Do not!", interjection accompanied by a jerk back of head PE17:145. It was inflected only in the 1st person sing. and 1st person pl. exclusive: ván, ványë "I won't!", vammë "we won't" WJ:371, PE17:143; read *valmë in Second Edition Quenya, after Tolkien revised the pronominal suffixes in the sixties.
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