-
21 visual centre
[kortikales] Sehzentrum n, Sehsphäre f, Sehrinde f, Cortex m visivus -
22 cerebral cortex
-
23 motor cortex
-
24 sensory cortex
-
25 Brain
Among the higher mammals the great development of neocortex occurs.In each group of mammals there is a steady increase in the area of the association cortex from the most primitive to the evolutionarily most recent type; there is an increase in the number of neurons and their connections. The degree of consciousness of an organism is some function of neuronal cell number and connectivity, perhaps of neurons of a particular type in association cortex regions. This function is of a threshold type such that there is a significant quantitative break with the emergence of humans. Although the importance of language and the argument that it is genetically specified and unique to humans must be reconsidered in the light of the recent evidence as to the possibility of teaching chimpanzees, if not to speak, then to manipulate symbolic words and phrases, there are a number of unique human features which combine to make the transition not merely quantitative, but also qualitative. In particular these include the social, productive nature of human existence, and the range and extent of the human capacity to communicate. These features have made human history not so much one of biological but of social evolution, of continuous cultural transformation. (Rose, 1976, pp. 180-181)[S]ome particular property of higher primate and cetacean brains did not evolve until recently. But what was that property? I can suggest at least four possibilities...: (1) Never before was there a brain so massive; (2) Never before was there a brain with so large a ratio of brain to body mass; (3) Never before was there a brain with certain functional units (large frontal and temporal lobes, for example); (4) Never before was there a brain with so many neural connections or synapses.... Explanations 1, 2 and 4 argue that a quantitative change produced a qualitative change. It does not seem to me that a crisp choice among these four alternatives can be made at the present time, and I suspect that the truth will actually embrace most or all of these possibilities. (Sagan, 1978, pp. 107-109)The crucial change in the human brain in this million years or so has not been so much the increase in size by a factor of three, but the concentration of that increase in three or four main areas. The visual area has increased considerably, and, compared with the chimpanzee, the actual density of human brain cells is at least 50 percent greater. A second increase has taken place in the area of manipulation of the hand, which is natural since we are much more hand-driven animals than monkeys and apes. Another main increase has taken place in the temporal lobe, in which visual memory, integration, and speech all lie fairly close together. And the fourth great increase has taken place in the frontal lobes. Their function is extremely difficult to understand... ; but it is clear that they're largely responsible for the ability to initiate a task, to be attentive while it is being done, and to persevere with it. (Bronowski, 1978, pp. 23-24)The human brain works however it works. Wishing for it to work in some way as a shortcut to justifying some ethical principle undermines both the science and the ethics (for what happens to the principle if the scientific facts turn out to go the other way?). (Pinker, 1994, p. 427)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Brain
-
26 sensory
1. a спец. чувствительный2. a чувственный; относящийся к чувствам, сенсорный3. a сенсорный, относящийся к смыслу, значениюСинонимический ряд:1. feeling (adj.) feeling; pleasing; sensational; sensatory; sensitive; sensorial; sensual; sensuous; sexual; sharpened; tactile2. relating to the senses (adj.) audible; auditory; aural; neural; olfactory; optic; relating to the senses; visual
- 1
- 2
См. также в других словарях:
visual cortex — n VISUAL AREA * * * the area of the occipital lobe of the cerebral cortex concerned with vision; it consists of the first visual area or striate c. (Brodmann area 17) and two other areas, the second visual area or parastriate area (Brodmann area… … Medical dictionary
Visual cortex — Brain: Visual cortex View of the brain from behind. Red = Brodmann area 17 (primary visual cortex); orange = area 18; yellow = area 19 … Wikipedia
visual cortex — noun Date: 1954 a sensory area of the occipital lobe of the cerebral cortex receiving afferent nerve fibers concerned with vision called also visual area … New Collegiate Dictionary
visual cortex — the portion of the cerebral cortex of the brain that receives and processes impulses from the optic nerves. * * * … Universalium
visual cortex — noun the cortical area that receives information from the lateral geniculate body of the thalamus • Syn: ↑visual area • Hypernyms: ↑cortical area, ↑cortical region … Useful english dictionary
visual receiving area — visual cortex … Medical dictionary
Cortex — (Latin: bark , rind , shell or husk ) may refer to: Contents 1 Sciences 2 Anatomy 2.1 Organs 2.1.1 The brain 3 … Wikipedia
Visual agnosia — is the inability of the brain to make sense of or make use of some part of otherwise normal visual stimulus and is typified by the inability to recognize familiar objects or faces. This is distinct from blindness, which is a lack of sensory input … Wikipedia
visual area — n a sensory area of the occipital lobe of the cerebral cortex receiving afferent projection fibers concerned with the sense of sight called also visual cortex * * * see under cortex … Medical dictionary
Visual neuroscience — is the study of the visual system including the visual cortex. Its goals are to understand the neurophysiology of the visual system, and to understand how neural activity results in visual perception and behaviors that depend on vision. Visual… … Wikipedia
Visual system — The visual system includes the eyes, the connecting pathways through to the visual cortex and other parts of the brain. The illustration shows the mammalian system. The visual system is the part of the central nervous system which enables… … Wikipedia
