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  • 1 clam

    clam (old access. form callim, or, acc. to Cod. Gu. 1, calam, Paul. ex Fest. p. 47, 3 Müll.) [root cal-; cf.: calix, celo, cella, occulo, caligo], adv. and prep., secretly, privately; and in the predicate after sum and fore, hidden, secret, unknown (opp. palam; except once in Caes., v. II. infra; in class. prose only used as adv.).
    I.
    Adv.
    A.
    In gen.: clamque palamque, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4 (247 Vahl.): ignis mortalibus clam Divisus, Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 10, 23:

    mea nunc facinora aperiuntur, clam quae speravi fore,

    Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 21; cf. Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 46; Lucr. 5, 1157:

    nec id clam esse potuit,

    Liv. 5, 36, 6: clam mordax canis (Gr. lathrodêktês kuôn), Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 27; cf. Amm. 15, 3, 5; Ter. And. 2, 6, 13; Cat. 21, 5; cf. Ov. Am. 3, 14, 8:

    clam peperit uxor,

    Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 15:

    hanc tu mihi vel vi, vel clam, vel precario Fac tradas (a jurid. formula),

    id. Eun. 2, 3, 28; cf. Cic. Caecin. 32, 92:

    qui propter avaritiam clam depositum non reddidit,

    id. Tusc. 3, 8, 17:

    clam mussitantes,

    Liv. 33, 31, 1; Suet. Tib. 6:

    praemissis confestim clam cohortibus,

    id. Caes. 31; id. Ner. 34:

    ille Sychaeum Clam ferro incautum superat,

    stealthily, Verg. A. 1, 350:

    nec dic quid doleas, clam tamen usque dole,

    Ov. R. Am. 694:

    cui te commisit alendum Clam,

    id. M. 13, 432; cf. id. ib. 14, 310 al.—
    B.
    Esp.
    1.
    With advv.; with furtim, Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 49;

    with furtive,

    id. ib. 5, 2, 61;

    with occulte,

    Plin. 36, 2, 2, § 6; poet. with tacitus:

    tacito clam venit illa pede, and similar words,

    Tib. 1, 10, 34; 4, 6, 16; cf.:

    strepito nullo clam reserare fores,

    id. 1, 8, 60; opp. palam, Enn. l. l.; Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 63; Cic. Cael. 9, 20; id. Rosc. Am. 8, 23; id. Fam. 1, 1, 4; Tib. 2, 1, 84; Suet. Caes. 80; id. Dom. 2;

    and opp. propalam,

    Suet. Ner. 22.—
    2.
    With gen.:

    res exulatum at illam clam abibat patris,

    Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 43 Ritschl (cf. lathrê Laomedontos, Hom. Il. 5, 269).—
    3.
    Clam est, with subj.-clause (cf. II. B. infra):

    meretricem commoneri Quam sane magni referat, nil clam'st,

    Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 9.—
    II.
    Prep., without the knowledge of, unknown to, constr. with abl. or acc.
    (α).
    With abl. (only in the two foll. passages; for Plaut. Merc. 3, 2, 2; 4, 6, 5; id. Curc. 1, 3, 17; id. Am. prol. 107 al., where the abl. formerly stood with clam, have been corrected by Ritschl and recent edd.; v. Speng. ad Ter. And. 1, 5, 52;

    but cf. Ussing ad Plaut. Curc. l.l.): nec clam durateus Trojanis Pergama partu Inflammasset equos,

    Lucr. 1, 476 Munro ad loc.:

    non sibi clam vobis salutem fuga petivit?

    Caes. B. C. 2, 32.—
    (β).
    With acc.:

    clam uxorem,

    Plaut. As. Grex. 1; id. Cas. prol. 54: clam uxorem et clam filium, [p. 348] id. Merc. 3, 2, 2:

    matrem,

    id. Mil. 2, 1, 34:

    patrem,

    id. Merc. 2, 3, 8; 3, 4, 75; id. Truc. 2, 1, 37 Speng.; Gell. 2, 23, 16:

    senem,

    Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 13:

    uxorem,

    id. Cas. 2, 8, 32; id. As. Grex. 5; id. Men. 1, 2, 43; 5, 9, 78; id. Merc. 4, 6, 3 Ritschl:

    virum,

    id. Cas. 2, 2, 28; id. Am. prol. 107:

    clam alter alterum,

    id. Cas. prol. 51:

    illum,

    id. Merc. 2, 3, 26:

    omnīs,

    id. Aul. prol. 7:

    clam praesidia Pompeii, Auct. B. Hisp. 3: clam quemdam Philonem,

    id. ib. 35:

    nostros,

    id. ib. 16:

    dominum,

    Dig. 9, 2, 27, § 14:

    haec clam me omnia,

    Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 46.—
    B.
    Clam me est, it is unknown to me, I know not (only in Plaut. and Ter.):

    neque adeo clam me est,

    Ter. Hec. 2, 2, 19:

    haud clam me est,

    id. ib. 3, 4, 10; so id. ib. 4, 1, 53;

    4, 2, 1: nec clam te est, quam, etc.,

    id. And. 1, 5, 52.—
    * C.
    Clam habere aliquem = celare aliquem, to keep secret from one, conceal from, Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 35; cf. Prisc. p. 988 P.; Pomp. Comm. Art. Don. p. 399.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > clam

  • 2 clam

        clam    [2 CAL-], adv. and praep.    I. Adv, secretly, privately, covertly, in secret: Si sperat fore clam, will not be found out, T.: tum id clam, he kept it a secret, T.: vel vi, vel clam, vel precario, by fraud, T.: Sychaeum Clam ferro superat, stealthily, V.: cui te commisit alendum Clam, O. —    II. Praep, without the knowledge of, unknown to.—With abl: clam vobis salutem fugā petivit, Cs.—With acc. (old): clam evenire patrem, T.: Neque adeo clam me est quam, etc., nor am I ignorant, T.: Non clam me haberet, etc., conceal from me, T.
    * * *
    I
    secretly, in secret, unknown to; privately; covertly; by fraud
    II
    without knowledge of, unknown to; concealed/secret from; (rarely w/ABL)
    III
    without knowledge of, unknown to; concealed/secret from; (rarely w/ABL)

    Latin-English dictionary > clam

  • 3 vel

    vĕl, conj. and adv. [old imv. of volo] prop., will, choose, take your choice; hence,
    I.
    As disjunctive conjunction, to introduce an alternative as a matter of choice or preference, or as not affecting the principal assertion (while aut introduces an absolute or essential opposition; cf. Madv. Gr. § 436; Zumpt, Gr. § 339; Fischer, Gr. § 383).
    A.
    Singly.
    1.
    In gen., or (if you will), or else, or (at your pleasure), or (at least), or (it is indifferent), or (what is the same thing), etc.:

    dic igitur me passerculum... haedillum me tuom dic esse vel vitellum,

    Plaut. As. 3, 3, 77: viginti minis? Ba. Utrum vis, vel quater quinis minis, id. Ps. 1, 3, 111:

    lege vel tabellas redde,

    id. ib. 1, 1, 29:

    in solem ponito vel sine sale in defrutum condito,

    Cato, R. R. 7: orabant (sc. Ubii), ut sibi auxilium ferret... vel... exercitum modo Rhenum transportaret, or at least, i. e. or, if he preferred it, Caes. B. G. 4, 16:

    ejusmodi conjunctionem tectorum oppidum vel urbem appellaverunt,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 26, 41:

    in unius voluntate vel moribus,

    id. ib. 2, 28, 51:

    in unā urbe vel in hac ipsā,

    id. ib. 3, 10, 17:

    constituere vel conservare,

    id. ib. 2, 38, 64:

    in ardore caelesti, qui aether vel caelum nominatur,

    id. N. D. 2, 15, 41:

    transfer idem ad modestiam vel temperantiam,

    id. Fin. 2, 19, 60; cf. Madv. ad id. ib. 2, 25, 81:

    unum illud extimescebam, ne quid turpiter facerem, vel dicam, jam effecissem,

    id. Att. 9, 7, 1: haec neque confirmare argumentis neque refellere in animo est;

    ex ingenio suo quisque demat vel addat fidem,

    Tac. G. 3.—
    2.
    Esp.
    a.
    With potius, to correct or make more precise what has been said, or rather:

    ex hoc populo indomito vel potius immani,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 44, 68:

    post obitum vel potius excessum Romuli,

    id. ib. 2, 30, 53:

    cessit auctoritati amplissimi viri vel potius paruit,

    id. Lig. 7, 22:

    vide quid licentiae nobis tua liberalitas det, vel potius audaciae,

    id. ib. 8, 23:

    ludorum plausus vel testimonia potius,

    id. Phil. 1, 15, 36:

    quam valde ille reditu vel potius reversione meā laetatus!

    id. Att. 16, 7, 5; id. Phil. 13, 9, 19:

    novem tibi orbibus, vel potius globis conexa sunt omnia,

    id. Rep. 6, 17, 17:

    plurimas vel potius omnes ex se ipso virtutes contulit,

    Quint. 10, 1, 109.—In climax after a negative:

    tu certe numquam in hoc ordine vel potius numquam in hac urbe mansisses,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 15, 38.—
    b.
    So corrective, without potius:

    sed haec tu melius vel optime omnium,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 13, 7:

    clariore vel plane perspicua,

    id. Fin. 5, 20, 55; id. Lael. 12, 41:

    Capua ab duce eorum Capye, vel. quod propius vero est, a campestri agro appellata,

    Liv. 4, 37, 1:

    cum P. Decius se in Samnium vel in Etruriam proficisci paratum esse ostendisset,

    id. 10, 26, 4.—Esp. in the phrase vel dicam, or let me rather say, or rather:

    quando enim nobis, vel dicam aut oratoribus bonis aut poëtis, ullus... ornatus defuit?

    Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 10; id. Brut. 57, 207; id. Cael. 31, 75; id. Phil. 2, 12, 30; id. Att. 9, 7, 1; Suet. Calig. 13.—So intensive, or I may even say (cf. II. A. 3. infra):

    omnes binos consules, vel dicam amplius, omnia nomina,

    Varr. L. L. 8, p. 106 Bip.:

    a plerisque vel dicam ab omnibus,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 3; id. Brut. 70, 246.—
    c.
    Vel etiam, or even:

    ut expositio quarundam rerum gestarum vel etiam fabulosarum,

    Quint. 4, 3, 12. —
    d.
    = aut, or else.
    (α).
    With an alternative necessary consequence:

    id autem nec nasci potest nec mori, vel concidat omne caelum omnisque natura consistat necesse est,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 23, 54 Tischer ad loc.:

    vel tu ne faceres tale in adulescentiā,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 22.—
    (β).
    In gen. ( poet. and post class.):

    si copias armatorum... secum expenderent, vincendum illā acie vel cadendum esse,

    Tac. A. 14, 35:

    mortem omnibus ex naturā aequalem oblivione apud posteros vel gloriă distingui,

    id. H. 1, 21; cf. id. A. 14, 61; 14, 62:

    quod imperium variā sorte laetum rei publicae aut atrox, principibus prosperum vel exitio fuit,

    id. H. 2, 1 init.; 2, 10; 2, 68; cf. Ov. M. 9, 624 sq.; 15, 601 sq.—
    e.
    In a subordinate alternative after aut:

    nec aut tibi ipsi aut huic Secundo vel huic Apro ignotas,

    Tac. Or. 28:

    ne contra Gai quidem aut Claudii vel Neronis... domum,

    id. H. 2, 76:

    abscedens in hortos aut Tusculanum vel Antiatem in agrum,

    id. A. 14, 3 init.:

    dementiae quoque judicia aut propter id quod factum est aut propter id quod adhuc fieri vel non fieri potest instituuntur,

    Quint. 7, 4, 29.—
    B.
    As co-ordinate.
    1.
    Vel... vel, either... or, be it... or; in gen. (class.; but where the alternatives are necessary and exclusive, that is, where one must be right and the other wrong, aut... aut is used; v. infra, and cf. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 4, 11, 27): sed hic numquis adest? Pa. Vel adest vel non, i. e. just as you please, Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 28 Brix ad loc.:

    paucis me misit ad eam... vel ut ducentos Philippos reddat aureos, vel ut hinc eat secum,

    id. Bacch. 4, 1, 18 sq.:

    ubi illic biberit, vel servato meum modum vel ego dabo,

    id. Stich. 5, 4, 37:

    vel tu me vende, vel face quod tibi lubet,

    id. Pers. 3, 1, 70:

    nunc quamobrem huc sum missa, amabo, vel tu mihi ajas, vel neges,

    id. Rud. 2, 4, 14; cf. id. ib. 5, 2, 44:

    Allobrogibus sese vel persuasuros... existimabant, vel vi coacturos, ut, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 6:

    ut (Romani) vel sibi agros attribuant vel patiantur eos tenere, etc.,

    id. ib. 4, 7:

    vel sumptuosae vel desidiosae illecebrae,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 4, 8:

    in omni vel officio vel sermone sollers,

    id. ib. 2, 21, 37:

    maximum virtutis vel documentum, vel officium,

    id. ib. 1, 20, 33:

    pace vel Quirini vel Romuli dixerim,

    id. Off. 3, 10, 42:

    erant quaestiones vel de caede vel de vi,

    id. Mil. 5, 13; 7, 20; id. Leg. 3, 14, 32; id. Lig. 6, 17; id. Deiot. 1, 1; 5, 13; id. Brut. 69, 242:

    animus vel bello vel paci paratus,

    Liv. 1, 1, 8:

    hunc ordinem ex censu descripsit vel paci decorum vel bello,

    id. 1, 42, 5: Etruriam et Samnium provincias esse;

    utram mallet eligeret: suo exercitu se vel in Etruriā vel in Samnio rem gesturum,

    id. 10, 19, 9:

    gladioque ruptis omnibus loris, oraculi sortem vel elusit vel implevit,

    Curt. 3, 1, 18:

    nihil illo fuisset excellentius vel in vitiis vel in virtutibus,

    Nep. Alcib. 1, 1; 2, 1; id. Milt. 3, 4.—
    b.
    Connected with aut, but not corresponding to it (cf. infra, 2. e.):

    num aut tuum aut cujusquam nostrum nomen vel Caucasum hunc transcendere potuit vel illum Gangem transnatare?

    Cic. Rep. 6, 20, 22:

    ubi enim potest illa aetas aut calescere vel apricatione melius vel igni aut vicissim umbris aquisve refrigerari salubrius?

    id. Sen. 16, 57:

    si velim scribere quid aut legere aut canere vel voce vel fidibus, aut geometricum quiddam aut physicum aut dialecticum explicare, etc.,

    id. Div. 2, 59, 122.—
    2.
    Esp.
    a.
    With weakened disjunctive force (nearly = et... et). quemadmodum ille vel Athenis vel Rhodi se doctissimorum hominum sermonibus dedisset, Cic. de Or. 2, 1, 3:

    multos sine ratione, sine litteris, quā vel inpudentia vel fames duxit, ruentes,

    Quint. 2, 20, 2:

    affectus vel illos mites vel hos concitatos in suā potestate habuisse,

    id. 10, 1, 48: eadem quaestio potest eundem vel accusatorem facere vel reum, id. 3, 6, 18: et nundina vetera ex ordine instituit, vel dies vel tempora, Lampr Alex. Sev. 43: pestilentia tanta exstiterat vel Romae, vel Achaicis urbibus, ut, etc., Treb. Gall. 5.—
    b.
    More than twice, either... or... or, etc. tu vel suda, vel peri algu, vel tu aegrota, vel vale, Plaut. Rud. 2, 7, 24:

    hance tu mihi vel vi vel clam vel precario Fac tradas: meā nil re fert, dum potiar modo,

    Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 28:

    vel in tempestate, vel in agris, vel in corporibus,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 44, 68:

    vel quod ita vivit vel quod ita rem publicam gerit vel quod ita factus est,

    id. Phil. 2, 5, 10:

    vel spectator laudum tuarum vel particeps vel socius vel minister consiliorum,

    id. Fam. 2, 7, 2; id. Red. Quir. 9, 23;

    so eight times,

    id. Rep. 1, 3, 6. —
    c.
    The second (or last) vel strengthened,
    (α).
    By etiam:

    quae vel ad usum vitae vel etiam ad ipsam rem publicam conferre possumus,

    or even, Cic. Rep. 1, 8, 30; so id. ib. 1, 29, 45; 2, 1, 1; cf.:

    ut vel ea defendam, quae Pompejus velit, vel taceam, vel etiam ad nostra me studia referam litterarum,

    id. Fam. 1, 8, 3.—
    (β).
    By vero etiam:

    in mediocribus vel studiis vel officiis, vel vero etiam negotiis,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 3, 4.—
    (γ).
    By omnino: haec vel ad odium, vel ad misericordiam, vel omnino ad animos judicum movendos ex iis quae sunt ante posita, sumentur ( or in general), Cic. Part. Or. 36, 128.—
    d.
    Rarely after a negative = neque, nor:

    neque satis Bruto... vel tribunis militum constabat, quid agerent,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 14.—
    e.
    In irregular construction, without the second vel:

    utrumque est in his, quod ab hoc oratore abhorreat: vel quod omnis, qui sapientes non sint, insanos esse dicunt... accedit quod, etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 18, 65; id. Att. 11, 7, 5; cf. esp. Lucr. 5, 383 sqq. Munro ad loc. —
    f.
    Vel... vel = aut... aut:

    habere ea, quae secundum naturam sint, vel omnia vel plurima et maxima,

    i. e. so nearly all that the difference is unimportant, Cic. Fin. 4, 11, 27; cf.

    Madv. ad loc.: cum bonā quidem spe, ut ait idem, vel vincendi vel in libertate moriendi,

    id. Att. 7, 9, 4.—For vel... vel, in a subordinate alternative after aut, v. the examples under I. B. 1. b. supra.—
    g.
    Vel, correl. with aut (post-Aug. and rare):

    verborum quoque vis ac proprietas confirmatur vel praesumptione... aut reprehensione,

    Quint. 9, 2, 18:

    voces... aut productione tantum vel correptione mutatae,

    id. 9, 3, 69 (but the line Ov. M. 1, 546, is spurious); so,

    aut... aut... vel: ut aut de nomine aut scripto et sententiā vel ratiocinatione quaeratur,

    Quint. 3, 6, 72:

    aut... aut... aut... aut... vel,

    id. 8, 6, 68 sq.; cf.:

    ubi regnat Protogenes aliquis vel Diphilus aut Erimarchus,

    Juv. 3, 120.
    II.
    As intens. particle (prop. ellipt., implying an alternative the first member of which is omitted, something else or even this, etc.).
    A.
    In gen., or even, if you will, or indeed, or... itself, even, assuredly, certainly.
    1.
    With subst.:

    tum opsonium autem pol vel legioni sat est,

    Plaut. Aul. 3, 6, 24; id. Capt. 1, 2, 23; id. Curc. 5, 2, 13:

    ita me di ament, vel in lautumiis, vel in pistrino mavelim Agere aetatem, Quam, etc.,

    Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 5: Ep. Si arte poteris accubare. Ge. Vel inter cuneos ferreos, id. Stich. 4, 2, 39:

    vel rex semper maxumas Mihi agebat gratias,

    Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 7:

    sed tamen vel regnum malo quam liberum populum,

    Cic. Rep. 3, 34, 46:

    isto quidem modo vel consulatus vituperabilis est,

    id. Leg. 3, 10, 23:

    cum se vel principes ejus consilii fore profiterentur,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 37:

    vel Priamo miseranda manus,

    Verg. A. 11, 259:

    ego vel Prochytam praepono Suburae,

    Juv. 3, 5:

    facile me paterer vel illo ipso acerrimo judice quaerente vel apud Cassianos judices... pro Sex. Roscio dicere,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 30, 85:

    populus Romanus auctoritatem suam vel contra omnes defendere potest,

    even if necessary, id. Imp. Pomp. 22, 63:

    id se probaturum vel ipso Verginio judice,

    Liv. 3, 44, 10:

    belli necessitatibus eam patientiam non adhibebimus, quam vel lusus ac voluptas elicere solet?

    id. 5, 6, 3:

    timebant ne Romana plebs... vel cum servitute pacem acciperet,

    even if it should involve their enslavement, id. 2, 9, 5.—
    2.
    With adjj.: Ch. Pax, te tribus verbis volo. Sy. Vel trecentis, Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 122: Ca. Ut opperiare hos sex dies saltem modo... Ba. Animo bono es. Vel sex mensis opperibor, id. Ps. 1, 3, 89; cf.: jam hercle vel ducentae [p. 1964] minae, id. ib. 1, 3, 68;

    1, 3, 111: hoc ascensu vel tres armati quamlibet multitudinem arcuerint,

    Liv. 9, 24, 7: Ph. Dane suavium? Di. Immo vel decem, Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 22:

    ego illum eunuchum, si opus sit, vel sobrius,

    Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 26:

    si sit opus, vel totum triduom,

    id. ib. 2, 1, 17:

    haec sunt omnia ingenii vel mediocris,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 119.—
    3.
    With verbs: namque edepol quamvis desubito vel cadus vorti potest, may even be turned over, i. e. will be empty, Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 39:

    ubi ego hinc abiero, vel occidito,

    if you will, even, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 93:

    per me vel stertas licet, inquit Carneades, non modo quiescas,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 29, 93:

    ut ipsis sententiis, quibus proluserunt, vel pugnare possint,

    id. de Or. 2, 80, 325:

    cum vel abundare debeam, cogor mutuari,

    id. Att. 15 15, 3—
    4.
    With pronn.:

    videndum erit, quid quisque vel sine nobis aut possit consequi aut non possit,

    Cic. Off. 1, 18, 59:

    existiment quod velint, ac vel hoc intellegant,

    id. Fin. 5, 11, 33:

    est tibi ex his ipsis qui assunt bella copia, vel ut a te ipso ordiare,

    especially as you can begin with yourself, id. Rep. 2, 40, 67.—
    B.
    With superlatives, to denote the highest possible degree, the very; the utmost; the most...possible.
    1.
    With adjj.: hoc invenisset unum ad morbum illum homini vel bellissimum, the very loveliest, the most beautiful possible, Lucil. ap. Non. 527, 28:

    vidi in dolore podagrae ipsum vel omnium maximum Stoicorum Posidonium,

    Cic. Fragm. ib. 32:

    hoc in genere nervorum vel minimum, suavitatis autem est vel plurimum,

    the very least... the utmost possible, id. Or. 26, 91:

    quarum duarum (civitatum) si adessent (legationes), duo crimina vel maxima minuerentur,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 5, 14:

    patre meā sententiā vel eloquentissimo temporibus illis,

    the most eloquent possible, id. de Or. 2, 23, 98:

    quod erat ad obtinendam potentiam nobilium vel maximum, vehementer id retinebatur,

    id. Rep. 2, 32, 56:

    cujus (sc. Hannibalis) eo tempore vel maxima apud regem auctoritas erat,

    Liv. 36, 41, 2:

    vident unum senatorem vel tenuissimum esse damnatum,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 16, 46:

    fora templaque occupabantur, ut vel exspectatissimi triumphi laetitia praecipi posset,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 51:

    sed vel potentissima apud Amphictyonas aequi tractatio est,

    Quint. 5, 10, 118; 11, 1, 81.—
    2.
    With advv.:

    vel studiosissime quaerere,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 10, 15:

    cum Sophocles vel optime scripserit Electram,

    id. Fin. 1, 2, 5:

    vel maxime confirmare,

    id. N. D. 2, 65, 162; so,

    vel maxime,

    id. Ac. 2, 3, 9; id. de Or. 1, 8, 32; id. Att. 9, 12, 3; Quint. 1, 3, 12; 4, 3, 4.—
    C.
    In adding an instance implying that other instances might be mentioned at will, or this one; for instance, for example, as for example, in particular:

    Per pol quam paucos reperias Fideles amatores... Vel hic Pamphilus jurabat quotiens Bacchidi, etc.,

    Ter. Hec. 1, 1, 3:

    vel heri in vino quam inmodestus fuisti,

    id. Heaut. 3, 3, 7: nullast tam facilis res quin difficilis siet Quom invitus facias;

    vel me haec deambulatio... ad languorum dedit,

    id. ib. 4, 6, 1:

    sed suavis accipio litteras, vel quas proxime acceperam, quam prudentis!

    Cic. Fam. 2, 13, 1:

    cujus innumerabilia sunt exempla, vel Appii majoris illius, qui, etc.,

    id. de Or. 2, 70, 284.—
    D.
    Concessive.
    1.
    With superlatives, perhaps:

    adulescens vel potentissimus nostrae civitatis,

    Cic. Rosc. A. 2, 6:

    domus vel optima Messanae, notissima quidem certe,

    the best known, at any rate, if not the finest, id. Verr. 2, 4, 2, § 3.—
    2.
    = saltem, at least:

    quā re etsi minus veram causam habebis, tamen vel probabilem aliquam poteris inducere,

    Cic. Fam. 11, 22, 2:

    plurimi semetipsos exhortantur vel aliquas partes earum (scientiarum) addiscere, quamvis universas percipere non possint,

    Col. 11, 1, 11:

    ac, ni flexisset animos, vel Aegypti praefecturam concedi sibi oraret,

    Suet. Ner. 47:

    ut messe vel unā releves colla perusta,

    Mart. 10, 12, 5; Plin. Ep. 1, 12, 8; cf. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 4, 16, 43.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > vel

  • 4 vel

        vel conj.    [old imper. of volo], choose, take your choice, or if you will, or as you prefer, or at least, or what is the same thing, or else, or: orabant (sc. Ubii), ut sibi auxilium ferret... vel... exercitum modo Rhenum transportaret, or at least, Cs.: eius modi coniunctionem tectorum oppidum vel urbem appellaverunt: in ardore caelesti, qui aether vel caelum nominatur.—Poet.: Aeneas pariter pietate vel armis Egregius, i. e. whether you consider, etc., V.—Esp., correcting what precedes; with potius, or rather, or more exactly: ex hoc populo indomito vel potius inmani: cessit auctoritati amplissimi viri vel potius paruit: ludorum plausūs vel testimonia potius: tu certe numquam in hoc ordine vel potius numquam in hac urbe mansisses.—With etiam, or even: laudanda est vel etiam amanda vicinitas: si tantum auxilia, vel si etiam filium misisset.—Praegn., or rather, or even: regnum occupare conatus est, vel regnavit is quidem paucos mensīs, or even: Capua ab duce eorum Capye, vel, quod propius vero est, a campestri agro appellata, L.—In an exclusive opposition, or in the opposite case, or: id autem nec nasci potest nec mori, vel concidat omne caelum necesse est.—As co-ordinate, repeated, either... or, whether... or, be it... or, both... and (when the alternatives are indifferent or mutually consistent): Allobrogibus sese vel persuasuros... existimabant, vel vi coacturos, ut, etc., Cs.: maximum virtutis vel documentum, vel officium: animus vel bello vel paci paratus, L.: nihil illo fuisset excellentius vel in vitiis vel in virtutibus, N. —After aut, with subordinate alternatives: habere ea, quae secundum naturam sint, vel omnia vel plurima et maxima, all or at least the most important.—More than twice, whether... or... or: hance tu mihi vel vi vel clam vel precario Fac tradas, T.: vel quod ita vivit vel quod ita rem p. gerit vel quod ita factus est.—The last vel is often strengthened by etiam: quae vel ad usum vitae vel etiam ad ipsam rem p. conferre possumus, or even: in mediocribus vel studiis vel officiis, vel vero etiam negotiis.—After neque, nor: neque satis Bruto... vel tribunis militum constabat, quid agerent, Cs.—Followed by aut, or... or (late): ubi regnat Protogenes aliquis vel Diphilus aut Erimarchus, Iu.
    * * *
    I
    even, actually; or even, in deed; or
    II
    or

    vel... vel -- either... or

    Latin-English dictionary > vel

  • 5 calam

    clam (old access. form callim, or, acc. to Cod. Gu. 1, calam, Paul. ex Fest. p. 47, 3 Müll.) [root cal-; cf.: calix, celo, cella, occulo, caligo], adv. and prep., secretly, privately; and in the predicate after sum and fore, hidden, secret, unknown (opp. palam; except once in Caes., v. II. infra; in class. prose only used as adv.).
    I.
    Adv.
    A.
    In gen.: clamque palamque, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4 (247 Vahl.): ignis mortalibus clam Divisus, Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 10, 23:

    mea nunc facinora aperiuntur, clam quae speravi fore,

    Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 21; cf. Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 46; Lucr. 5, 1157:

    nec id clam esse potuit,

    Liv. 5, 36, 6: clam mordax canis (Gr. lathrodêktês kuôn), Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 27; cf. Amm. 15, 3, 5; Ter. And. 2, 6, 13; Cat. 21, 5; cf. Ov. Am. 3, 14, 8:

    clam peperit uxor,

    Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 15:

    hanc tu mihi vel vi, vel clam, vel precario Fac tradas (a jurid. formula),

    id. Eun. 2, 3, 28; cf. Cic. Caecin. 32, 92:

    qui propter avaritiam clam depositum non reddidit,

    id. Tusc. 3, 8, 17:

    clam mussitantes,

    Liv. 33, 31, 1; Suet. Tib. 6:

    praemissis confestim clam cohortibus,

    id. Caes. 31; id. Ner. 34:

    ille Sychaeum Clam ferro incautum superat,

    stealthily, Verg. A. 1, 350:

    nec dic quid doleas, clam tamen usque dole,

    Ov. R. Am. 694:

    cui te commisit alendum Clam,

    id. M. 13, 432; cf. id. ib. 14, 310 al.—
    B.
    Esp.
    1.
    With advv.; with furtim, Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 49;

    with furtive,

    id. ib. 5, 2, 61;

    with occulte,

    Plin. 36, 2, 2, § 6; poet. with tacitus:

    tacito clam venit illa pede, and similar words,

    Tib. 1, 10, 34; 4, 6, 16; cf.:

    strepito nullo clam reserare fores,

    id. 1, 8, 60; opp. palam, Enn. l. l.; Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 63; Cic. Cael. 9, 20; id. Rosc. Am. 8, 23; id. Fam. 1, 1, 4; Tib. 2, 1, 84; Suet. Caes. 80; id. Dom. 2;

    and opp. propalam,

    Suet. Ner. 22.—
    2.
    With gen.:

    res exulatum at illam clam abibat patris,

    Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 43 Ritschl (cf. lathrê Laomedontos, Hom. Il. 5, 269).—
    3.
    Clam est, with subj.-clause (cf. II. B. infra):

    meretricem commoneri Quam sane magni referat, nil clam'st,

    Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 9.—
    II.
    Prep., without the knowledge of, unknown to, constr. with abl. or acc.
    (α).
    With abl. (only in the two foll. passages; for Plaut. Merc. 3, 2, 2; 4, 6, 5; id. Curc. 1, 3, 17; id. Am. prol. 107 al., where the abl. formerly stood with clam, have been corrected by Ritschl and recent edd.; v. Speng. ad Ter. And. 1, 5, 52;

    but cf. Ussing ad Plaut. Curc. l.l.): nec clam durateus Trojanis Pergama partu Inflammasset equos,

    Lucr. 1, 476 Munro ad loc.:

    non sibi clam vobis salutem fuga petivit?

    Caes. B. C. 2, 32.—
    (β).
    With acc.:

    clam uxorem,

    Plaut. As. Grex. 1; id. Cas. prol. 54: clam uxorem et clam filium, [p. 348] id. Merc. 3, 2, 2:

    matrem,

    id. Mil. 2, 1, 34:

    patrem,

    id. Merc. 2, 3, 8; 3, 4, 75; id. Truc. 2, 1, 37 Speng.; Gell. 2, 23, 16:

    senem,

    Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 13:

    uxorem,

    id. Cas. 2, 8, 32; id. As. Grex. 5; id. Men. 1, 2, 43; 5, 9, 78; id. Merc. 4, 6, 3 Ritschl:

    virum,

    id. Cas. 2, 2, 28; id. Am. prol. 107:

    clam alter alterum,

    id. Cas. prol. 51:

    illum,

    id. Merc. 2, 3, 26:

    omnīs,

    id. Aul. prol. 7:

    clam praesidia Pompeii, Auct. B. Hisp. 3: clam quemdam Philonem,

    id. ib. 35:

    nostros,

    id. ib. 16:

    dominum,

    Dig. 9, 2, 27, § 14:

    haec clam me omnia,

    Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 46.—
    B.
    Clam me est, it is unknown to me, I know not (only in Plaut. and Ter.):

    neque adeo clam me est,

    Ter. Hec. 2, 2, 19:

    haud clam me est,

    id. ib. 3, 4, 10; so id. ib. 4, 1, 53;

    4, 2, 1: nec clam te est, quam, etc.,

    id. And. 1, 5, 52.—
    * C.
    Clam habere aliquem = celare aliquem, to keep secret from one, conceal from, Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 35; cf. Prisc. p. 988 P.; Pomp. Comm. Art. Don. p. 399.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > calam

  • 6 callim

    clam (old access. form callim, or, acc. to Cod. Gu. 1, calam, Paul. ex Fest. p. 47, 3 Müll.) [root cal-; cf.: calix, celo, cella, occulo, caligo], adv. and prep., secretly, privately; and in the predicate after sum and fore, hidden, secret, unknown (opp. palam; except once in Caes., v. II. infra; in class. prose only used as adv.).
    I.
    Adv.
    A.
    In gen.: clamque palamque, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4 (247 Vahl.): ignis mortalibus clam Divisus, Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 10, 23:

    mea nunc facinora aperiuntur, clam quae speravi fore,

    Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 21; cf. Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 46; Lucr. 5, 1157:

    nec id clam esse potuit,

    Liv. 5, 36, 6: clam mordax canis (Gr. lathrodêktês kuôn), Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 27; cf. Amm. 15, 3, 5; Ter. And. 2, 6, 13; Cat. 21, 5; cf. Ov. Am. 3, 14, 8:

    clam peperit uxor,

    Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 15:

    hanc tu mihi vel vi, vel clam, vel precario Fac tradas (a jurid. formula),

    id. Eun. 2, 3, 28; cf. Cic. Caecin. 32, 92:

    qui propter avaritiam clam depositum non reddidit,

    id. Tusc. 3, 8, 17:

    clam mussitantes,

    Liv. 33, 31, 1; Suet. Tib. 6:

    praemissis confestim clam cohortibus,

    id. Caes. 31; id. Ner. 34:

    ille Sychaeum Clam ferro incautum superat,

    stealthily, Verg. A. 1, 350:

    nec dic quid doleas, clam tamen usque dole,

    Ov. R. Am. 694:

    cui te commisit alendum Clam,

    id. M. 13, 432; cf. id. ib. 14, 310 al.—
    B.
    Esp.
    1.
    With advv.; with furtim, Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 49;

    with furtive,

    id. ib. 5, 2, 61;

    with occulte,

    Plin. 36, 2, 2, § 6; poet. with tacitus:

    tacito clam venit illa pede, and similar words,

    Tib. 1, 10, 34; 4, 6, 16; cf.:

    strepito nullo clam reserare fores,

    id. 1, 8, 60; opp. palam, Enn. l. l.; Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 63; Cic. Cael. 9, 20; id. Rosc. Am. 8, 23; id. Fam. 1, 1, 4; Tib. 2, 1, 84; Suet. Caes. 80; id. Dom. 2;

    and opp. propalam,

    Suet. Ner. 22.—
    2.
    With gen.:

    res exulatum at illam clam abibat patris,

    Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 43 Ritschl (cf. lathrê Laomedontos, Hom. Il. 5, 269).—
    3.
    Clam est, with subj.-clause (cf. II. B. infra):

    meretricem commoneri Quam sane magni referat, nil clam'st,

    Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 9.—
    II.
    Prep., without the knowledge of, unknown to, constr. with abl. or acc.
    (α).
    With abl. (only in the two foll. passages; for Plaut. Merc. 3, 2, 2; 4, 6, 5; id. Curc. 1, 3, 17; id. Am. prol. 107 al., where the abl. formerly stood with clam, have been corrected by Ritschl and recent edd.; v. Speng. ad Ter. And. 1, 5, 52;

    but cf. Ussing ad Plaut. Curc. l.l.): nec clam durateus Trojanis Pergama partu Inflammasset equos,

    Lucr. 1, 476 Munro ad loc.:

    non sibi clam vobis salutem fuga petivit?

    Caes. B. C. 2, 32.—
    (β).
    With acc.:

    clam uxorem,

    Plaut. As. Grex. 1; id. Cas. prol. 54: clam uxorem et clam filium, [p. 348] id. Merc. 3, 2, 2:

    matrem,

    id. Mil. 2, 1, 34:

    patrem,

    id. Merc. 2, 3, 8; 3, 4, 75; id. Truc. 2, 1, 37 Speng.; Gell. 2, 23, 16:

    senem,

    Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 13:

    uxorem,

    id. Cas. 2, 8, 32; id. As. Grex. 5; id. Men. 1, 2, 43; 5, 9, 78; id. Merc. 4, 6, 3 Ritschl:

    virum,

    id. Cas. 2, 2, 28; id. Am. prol. 107:

    clam alter alterum,

    id. Cas. prol. 51:

    illum,

    id. Merc. 2, 3, 26:

    omnīs,

    id. Aul. prol. 7:

    clam praesidia Pompeii, Auct. B. Hisp. 3: clam quemdam Philonem,

    id. ib. 35:

    nostros,

    id. ib. 16:

    dominum,

    Dig. 9, 2, 27, § 14:

    haec clam me omnia,

    Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 46.—
    B.
    Clam me est, it is unknown to me, I know not (only in Plaut. and Ter.):

    neque adeo clam me est,

    Ter. Hec. 2, 2, 19:

    haud clam me est,

    id. ib. 3, 4, 10; so id. ib. 4, 1, 53;

    4, 2, 1: nec clam te est, quam, etc.,

    id. And. 1, 5, 52.—
    * C.
    Clam habere aliquem = celare aliquem, to keep secret from one, conceal from, Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 35; cf. Prisc. p. 988 P.; Pomp. Comm. Art. Don. p. 399.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > callim

  • 7 precarius

    prĕcārĭus, a, um, adj. [id.], obtained by begging, entreaty, or prayer (opp. debitus and pro imperio; not freq. till the Aug. per.; perh. used by Cic. only adverbially; v. infra).
    I.
    Lit.:

    non orare solum precariam opem, sed pro debitā petere,

    obtained by entreaty, from mere favor, Liv. 3, 47, 2; cf.:

    tribunicia potestas, precarium, non justum auxilium ferens,

    id. 8, 35:

    vita,

    Tac. H. 4, 76:

    precariam animam inter infensos trahere,

    id. A. 1, 42:

    imperium (quasi precibus concessum, ac propterea, quandocumque lubeat, rursus adimendum, Orell.),

    id. H. 1, 52. —Hence, as subst.: prĕcārĭum, ii, n., any thing granted or lent upon request and at the will of the grantor:

    precarium est, quod precibus petenti utendum conceditur tam diu, quamdiu is qui concessit patitur: quod genus liberalitatis ex jure gentium descendit, et distat a donatione eo, quod qui donat sic dat, ne recipiat: qui precario concedit sic dat, quasi tunc recepturus, cum sibi libuerit precarium solvere,

    Dig. 43, 26, 1.—
    II.
    Transf., depending on the will of another, doubtful, uncertain, transient, precarious:

    forma,

    Ov. M. 9, 76:

    sapiens corpus suum, seque ipsum inter precaria numerat,

    precarious, uncertain, transitory things, Sen. Tranq. 11, 1: fulgor, passing quickly by, very transient, Symm. Or. ap. Val. 1, 6.— Hence, adv.: prĕcārĭō, by entreaty or request (class.):

    hoc petere me precario a vobis jussit,

    Plaut. Am. prol. 24:

    cum aliquo agere precario,

    id. Truc. 4, 1, 12:

    vel vi vel clam vel precario,

    Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 28:

    si precario essent rogandi,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 23, § 59:

    exegit,

    Suet. Claud. 12:

    praefuit,

    on sufferance, Tac. Agr. 16:

    precario studeo,

    am obliged, as it were, to beg time for study, Plin. Ep. 7, 30, 4:

    precario possidere,

    by sufferance, Paul. Sent. 5, 6, 11:

    ancillam quis precario rogaverit,

    Dig. 43, 26, 10.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > precarius

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