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1 HUAUHTLI
huauhtli:Amarante.Amaranthus paniculatus var., plante nourricière que les Aztèques consommaient sous forme de bouillies, salées ou sucrées, parfois pimentées. Elles servait aussi à confectionner certaines ídoles pour des liturgies particulières. Baudot. Récits aztèques de la Conquète. note 65 page 389.Le terme a été traduit avec constance par 'bledos', 'blette', jusqu'à l'époque moderne où la plante a été identifiée avec l'amarante. Des graines oléagineuses de l'amarante, les Aztèques tiraient une pâte, le tzoalli (Cf. tzohualli), dont ils faisaient une consommation cérémonielle. Christian Duverger, L'origine des Aztèques p.95.Graine de blette (huauhquilitl) que les Mexicains ne mangeaient guère que dans les temps de famine;ils lui préféraient le maïs (S)." huauhtli polocayah ", graine non émondée (Sah.).Blette ou bette = plante voisine de la betterave.Les chroniqueurs traduisent 'bledo', blé. Cf. Molina.Angl., amaranth (K qui transcrit huauhtli).Esp., huatle, una semilla que comen tostada (Z154).Plusieurs variétés d'amarante sont décrites Sah11,286-288. Une liste de variétés d'amarante. Sah2,65." hueyi huauhtli ", grande amarante, variété d'amarante également nommée teôhuauhtli. Décrite en Sah11,287.Sah11,134 dit que huauhtli serait le nom de la graine de la plante huauhquilitl.Sah11,286 dit que huauhtli est le nom de la graine (îxinachyo) de la plante cocotl ou nexhuauhtli.Les petits passereaux nommés zacatlahtli se nourrissent de graines d'amarante (" huauhtli "). Sah11,47.Dans une énumération de graines comestibles conservées dans le petlacalco. Sah8,44." quitôcaqueh in tlaôlli in huauhtli in etl in âyôtl in chîlcotl in xitomatl ", ils ont semé le maïs, l'amarante, les haricots, les courges, le piment vert, les tomates - sembraron maiz, bledo, frijol, calabaza, 'chile' verde, 'jítomate'. Cron.Mexicayotl 38." quitecih in huauhtli chicalotl in cihuah mocexiuhzauhqueh ", elles ont moulu les graines d'amarante, l'herbe épineuse du chicalote, les femmes qui avaient jeûné depuis un an. Sah12,51." in chichic huauhtli ahnôzo teôhuauhtli ", de l'amarante amère ou de l'amarante rouge - bitter amaranth or bright red amaranth. Cité parmi tout ce que l'on engrangeait en prévision des famines de l'année ce tôchtli. Sah7,23." mochi oncah in tônacayôtl, in cintli, in huauhtli, in etl, in chîyan, in ayohtli, in xôchihcualli ", on trouve tous les produits agricoles, maïs, blettes, haricots, 'chía', calebasses, fruits - all manner of food: ears of driea maize, amaranth, beans, chia, gourds, fruit.Produits de la terre du Michhuahcan. Sah10,188 = Launey II 264." quimahcêhuah in tônacayôtl, in huauhtli, in chiyen ", ils obtiennent comme récompense du maïs, de l'amarante, du chia - they gained as reward maize, amaranth, chia. Sah11,69.* à la forme possédée. " in îhuauhyo îtôca petzicatl ", ses graines s'appellent petzicatl.Est dit de la plante quiltonilli. Sah11,134.* culinaire. " miyâhuatamalli tlaîxnamictîlli huauhtli ihuân capoli ", des tamales de fleurs de maïs mélangées à des graines d'amarante et à des cerises américaines - tamales made of maize flowers with ground amaranth seed and cherries added. Sah8,38.NOTE: 'The Indians themselves probably used the name " huauhtli " for a variety of plants, grown for different purposes. Some of the compond names may well have been restricted to particular species. 'xôchihuauhtli' may have meant a chenopod whose inflorescences werecooked in the bud stage as a green vegetable as is commonly done in modern Mexico. 'nexhuauhtli' like the common Spanish word for chenopods, 'cenizo', probably referred to the whitish appearance of some chenopods... 'michihuauhtli' and 'tezcahuauhtli' probably referred to light- and dark-seemed amaranths, respectively, the former with pale seeds like little fish eggs, the latter with shiny black seeds'. Jonathan D. Sauer. ('The Grain Amaranths: A survey of Their History and Classification'. Anals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, XXXVII, November, 1950, p.565). Anders.Dibb. X 67 note 7.
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