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1 смесительная камера
1) Engineering: air mixing chamber, diffuser chamber, mixing chamber, plenum box assembly, plenum chamber, spray chamber (краскопульта), throttle chamber2) Construction: blender box3) Automobile industry: blending chamber, mixing space (карбюратора), mixture chamber, secondary venturi, vaporizing chamber, vaporizing space4) Metallurgy: mixer (газовой горелки), mixing section, mixing section (сварочной горелки), mixing tube (газовой горелки)5) Oil: suction plenum6) Astronautics: mixing cup7) Food industry: manifold chamber8) Ecology: mixing cylinder9) Drilling: mixer10) Automation: mixer (напр. газовой горелки)11) Makarov: bending chamber, mixing chamber (химического лазера)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > смесительная камера
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2 испарительная камера
1) Engineering: evaporation chamber, flash drum, vaporizing chamber2) Railway term: evaporator3) Automobile industry: vaporizing space4) Food industry: volatilizing chamber5) Coolers: evaporating chamber6) Oil&Gas technology flash chamber7) Chromatography: vaporization chamberУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > испарительная камера
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3 Priestman, William Dent
SUBJECT AREA: Steam and internal combustion engines[br]b. 23 August 1847 Sutton, Hull, Englandd. 7 September 1936 Hull, England[br]English oil engine pioneer.[br]William was the second son and one of eleven children of Samuel Priestman, who had moved to Hull after retiring as a corn miller in Kirkstall, Leeds, and who in retirement had become a director of the North Eastern Railway Company. The family were strict Quakers, so William was sent to the Quaker School in Bootham, York. He left school at the age of 17 to start an engineering apprenticeship at the Humber Iron Works, but this company failed so the apprenticeship was continued with the North Eastern Railway, Gateshead. In 1869 he joined the hydraulics department of Sir William Armstrong \& Company, Newcastle upon Tyne, but after a year there his father financed him in business at a small, run down works, the Holderness Foundry, Hull. He was soon joined by his brother, Samuel, their main business being the manufacture of dredging equipment (grabs), cranes and winches. In the late 1870s William became interested in internal combustion engines. He took a sublicence to manufacture petrol engines to the patents of Eugène Etève of Paris from the British licensees, Moll and Dando. These engines operated in a similar manner to the non-compression gas engines of Lenoir. Failure to make the two-stroke version of this engine work satisfactorily forced him to pay royalties to Crossley Bros, the British licensees of the Otto four-stroke patents.Fear of the dangers of petrol as a fuel, reflected by the associated very high insurance premiums, led William to experiment with the use of lamp oil as an engine fuel. His first of many patents was for a vaporizer. This was in 1885, well before Ackroyd Stuart. What distinguished the Priestman engine was the provision of an air pump which pressurized the fuel tank, outlets at the top and bottom of which led to a fuel atomizer injecting continuously into a vaporizing chamber heated by the exhaust gases. A spring-loaded inlet valve connected the chamber to the atmosphere, with the inlet valve proper between the chamber and the working cylinder being camoperated. A plug valve in the fuel line and a butterfly valve at the inlet to the chamber were operated, via a linkage, by the speed governor; this is believed to be the first use of this method of control. It was found that vaporization was only partly achieved, the higher fractions of the fuel condensing on the cylinder walls. A virtue was made of this as it provided vital lubrication. A starting system had to be provided, this comprising a lamp for preheating the vaporizing chamber and a hand pump for pressurizing the fuel tank.Engines of 2–10 hp (1.5–7.5 kW) were exhibited to the press in 1886; of these, a vertical engine was installed in a tram car and one of the horizontals in a motor dray. In 1888, engines were shown publicly at the Royal Agricultural Show, while in 1890 two-cylinder vertical marine engines were introduced in sizes from 2 to 10 hp (1.5–7.5 kW), and later double-acting ones up to some 60 hp (45 kW). First, clutch and gearbox reversing was used, but reversing propellers were fitted later (Priestman patent of 1892). In the same year a factory was established in Philadelphia, USA, where engines in the range 5–20 hp (3.7–15 kW) were made. Construction was radically different from that of the previous ones, the bosses of the twin flywheels acting as crank discs with the main bearings on the outside.On independent test in 1892, a Priestman engine achieved a full-load brake thermal efficiency of some 14 per cent, a very creditable figure for a compression ratio limited to under 3:1 by detonation problems. However, efficiency at low loads fell off seriously owing to the throttle governing, and the engines were heavy, complex and expensive compared with the competition.Decline in sales of dredging equipment and bad debts forced the firm into insolvency in 1895 and receivers took over. A new company was formed, the brothers being excluded. However, they were able to attend board meetings, but to exert no influence. Engine activities ceased in about 1904 after over 1,000 engines had been made. It is probable that the Quaker ethics of the brothers were out of place in a business that was becoming increasingly cut-throat. William spent the rest of his long life serving others.[br]Further ReadingC.Lyle Cummins, 1976, Internal Fire, Carnot Press.C.Lyle Cummins and J.D.Priestman, 1985, "William Dent Priestman, oil engine pioneer and inventor: his engine patents 1885–1901", Proceedings of the Institution ofMechanical Engineers 199:133.Anthony Harcombe, 1977, "Priestman's oil engine", Stationary Engine Magazine 42 (August).JBBiographical history of technology > Priestman, William Dent
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4 Stuart, Herbert Akroyd
SUBJECT AREA: Steam and internal combustion engines[br]b. 1864 Halifax, Englandd. 1927 Perth, Australia[br]English inventor of an oil internal-combustion engine.[br]Stuart's involvement with engines covered a period of less than ten years and was concerned with a means of vaporizing the heavier oils for use in the so-called oil engines. Leaving his native Yorkshire for Bletchley in Buckinghamshire, Stuart worked in his father's business, the Bletchley Iron and Tin Plate works. After finishing grammar school, he worked as an assistant in the Mechanical Engineering Department of the City and Guilds of London Technical College. He also formed a connection with the Finsbury Technical College, where he became acquainted with Professor William Robinson, a distinguished engineer eminent in the field of internal-combustion engines.Resuming work at Bletchley, Stuart carried out experiments with engines. His first patent was concerned with new methods of vaporizing the fuel, scavenging systems and improvement of speed control. Two further patents, in 1890, specified substantial improvements and formed the basis of later engine designs. In 1891 Stuart joined forces with R.Hornsby and Sons of Grantham, a firm founded in 1815 for the manufacture of machinery and steam engines. Hornsby acquired all rights to Stuart's engine patents, and their superior technical resources ensured substantial improvements to Stuart's early design. The Hornsby-Ackroyd engines, introduced in 1892, were highly successful and found wide acceptance, particularly in agriculture. With failing health, Stuart's interest in his engine work declined, and in 1899 he emigrated to Australia, where in 1903 he became a partner in importing gas engines and gas-producing plants. Following his death in 1927, under the terms of his will he was interred in England; sadly, he also requested that all papers and materials pertaining to his engines be destroyed.[br]BibliographyJuly 1886, British patent no. 9,866 (fuel vapourization methods, scavenging systems and improvement of speed control; the patent describes Stuart as Mechanical Engineer of Bletchley Iron Works).1890, British patent no. 7,146 and British patent no. 15,994 (describe a vaporizing chamber connected to the working cylinder by a small throat).Further ReadingD.Clerk, 1895, The Gas and Oil Engine, 6th edn, London, pp. 420–6 (provides a detailed description of the Hornsby-Ackroyd engine and includes details of an engine test).T.Hornbuckle and A.K.Bruce, 1940, Herbert Akroyd Stuart and the Development of the Heavy Oil Engine, London: Diesel Engine Users'Association, p. 1.KAB -
5 випарна камера
evaporation chamber, vaporizing chamber -
6 испарительная камера
evaporation chamber, vaporizing chamberРусско-английский политехнический словарь > испарительная камера
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7 испарительная камера
Авиация и космонавтика. Русско-английский словарь > испарительная камера
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8 испарительная камера
Русско-английский авиационный словарь > испарительная камера
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9 испарительная камера
Русско-английский аэрокосмический словарь > испарительная камера
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10 испаритель
1) General subject: desiccator, evaporator, freezer (холодильника)2) Medicine: vaporizing apparatus, vaporizing device (наркозного аппарата)3) Engineering: atmometer (прибор для измерения скорости испарения воды), boiler, evaporation tank, evaporimeter (прибор для измерения скорости испарения воды), flash exchanger4) Agriculture: atmidometer (прибор для измерения интенсивности испарения в воздухе), evaporation gauge5) Chemistry: expansion coil, steam chamber6) Construction: refrigerant evaporator (холодильной машины)7) Meteorology: pan8) Railway term: evaporator (холодильной машины), expansion coil (холодильной машины)9) Electronics: evaporation source10) Information technology: vapor source11) Oil: evaporation coil, flash evaporator, vaporizer12) Atomic energy: evaporator plant13) Coolers: condenser, cooling element, evaporator apparatus14) Household appliances: vapour source16) Microelectronics: vapor bubbler17) Oceanography: desiccator (сушильная печь)18) Makarov: atmometer (прибор для измерения интенсивности испарения в воздухе), evaporation coil (холодильной машины), evaporator (прибор для измерения испарения с различных поверхностей, в частности снежной, основанный на периодическом взвешивании образца, находящегося в цилиндрическом сосуде вровень с поверхностью), evaporator (теплообменный аппарат), evaporimeter (в метеорологии), tank, vapor source (установки для напыления), vaporizer (теплообменный аппарат)19) General subject: evaporometer, water tank
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