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1 ARPANET
sigles Sigles d Advanced Research Projects Agency Network, xarxa desenvolupada pel Departament de Defensa dels EUA l'any 1957 per a projectes de recerca avançada. No segueix estrictament el model de lOSI, ja que es va desenvolupar una dècada abans. Quan J.C.R. Licklider es va fer càrrec de les tasques de comandament i control de lARPA, es va crear una primera xarxa, en un principi poc interactiva. L'any 1968 es van crear els primers protocols i es va anar estructurant la xarxa en subxarxes, millorant-ne les prestacions i els serveis, gràcies al suport de les principals universitats nord-americanes com a nodes proveïdors. Posteriorment s'hi van agregar xarxes comercials i d'altres estats, fet que va donar lloc a les actuals xarxes Internet. Els protocols FTP, Telnet i FTP, entre d'altres, de les xarxes Internet actuals provenen de les xarxes Arpanet.
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