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1 ta
1 pron. "that, it" TA; compare antaróuta/u "he gave it" FS; see anta-. The forms tar/tara/tanna thither, talo/tó thence and tás/tassë there are originally inflected forms of this pronoun: *to that, *from that and *in that place, respectively. Compare there as one gloss of ta see \#4. 2 adv. so, like that, also, e.g. ta mára so good VT49:12 3 pron. "they, them", an "impersonal" 3rd person pl. stem, referring "only to 'abstracts' or to things such as inanimates not by the Eldar regarded as persons" VT43:20, cf. ta as an inanimate Common Eldarin plural pronoun, VT49:52. Compare te, q.v. The word ta occurring in some versions of Tolkien's Quenya Lord's Prayer may exemplify this use of ta as an "impersonal" plural pronoun: emmë avatyarir uta/u "we forgive uthem/u" VT43:8, 9; this refers to trespasses, not the trespassers. However, since Tolkien also wanted ta to mean that see \#1 above, he may seem to be somewhat dissatisfied with ta they, them, introducing variant forms like tai VT49:32 to free up ta as a sg. pronoun. In one document, tai was in turn altered to te VT49:33, which could suggest that the distinction between animate and inanimate they, them was abandoned and the form te q.v. could be used for both. In some documents, Tolkien seems to use tar as the plural form VT49:56 mentions this as an uncertain reading in a source where the word was struck out; compare ótar under ó-. 4 conj., said to be a reducted form of tá then, used before each new item in a series or list; if as often in English the equivalent of and was omitted, and placed only before a final item e.g. Tom, Dick, and Harriet, this would in Quenya represent a discontinuity, and what followed after ta would be an addition of something overlooked or less important. PE17:70 Hence the use of arta ar ta, and ta for et cetera; in older language ta ta or just ta. 5 adv. there VT49:33; this may be an Elvish root or element rather than a Quenya word; see tanomë; see however also tar, tara, tanna under ta \#1. -
2 manquenta
adj. "blessed" VT44:10-11; it cannot be ruled out that manquë spelt manque in the source is simply an uncompleted form of manquenta. Whatever the case, Tolkien decided to use the form manaquenta instead, q.v. -
3 mi
prep. "in, within" MI, VT27:20, VT44:18, 34, VT43:30; the latter source also mentions the variant imi; mí "in the" Nam, RGEO:66; CO gives mi; the correct forms should evidently be mi = "in" and mí = mi i "in the"; VT49:35 also has mí with a long vowel, though the gloss is simply in. Used in PE17:71 cf. 70 of people clad in various colours, e.g. mi mísë in grey. Allative minna "to the inside, into" MI, also mina VT43:30. The forms mimmë and mingwë seem to incorporate pronominal suffixes for "us", hence ?"in us", inclusive and exclusive respectively. The pronoun -mmë denoted plural inclusive "we" when this was written, though Tolkien would later make it dual instead see -mmë. Second person forms are also given: mil or milyë *"in you" sg., millë "in you" pl. VT43:36. A special use of mi appears in the phrase Wendë mi Wenderon "Virgin of Virgins" VT44:18; here mi appears superfluous to achieve the desired meaning, but this combination of singular noun + mi + plural genitive noun may be seen as a fixed idiom expressing that the initial noun represents the most prominent member of a class. -
4 na
1 form of the verb "to be", evidently the imperative or subjunctive: Tolkien stated that na airë would mean "be holy" VT43:14, and san na q.v. must mean "thus be" = "let it be so"; see ná \#1 Cf. also the sentence alcar mi tarmenel una/u Erun "glory in high heaven ube/u to God" VT44:32/34. Inserted in front of a verb, na expresses a wish: aranielya na tuluva "may thy kingdom come" ibid. 2 prep. "to, towards", possibly obsoleted by \#1 above; for clarity writers may use the synonym ana instead NĀsup1/sup. Originally, Tolkien glossed na as "at, by, near"; the new meaning entered together with the synonyms an, ana VT45:36. -
5 ai!
interjection"Ah!", "Alas!" Nam, RGEO:66; also twice in Narqelion, untranslated. In one abandoned version of the Quenya Lord's Prayer, Tolkien may seem to use ai as a vocative particle: ai Ataremma ?"o our Father" VT43:10, 13 -
6 quárë
also quár noun "fist" SA:celeb, KWAR; in the Etymologies, Tolkien first wrote quár pl. quari, and quár is also found in PM:318 and VT47:8, in the latter case changed from quárë, VT47:22. As usual, the spelling of the Etym forms shows q instead of qu. According to PM:318 and VT47:8, the "chief use of this word was in reference to the tightly closed hand as in using an implement or a craft-tool rather than to the 'fist' as used in punching". -
7 selyë
noun "daughter", used in children's play for "fourth finger" or "fourth toe" VT47:10, 15, VT48:4 It is unclear whether it was the word selyë "daughter" itself that was rejected, or just its use as a play-name of a digit. Compare yeldë, yendë. -
8 carpa-
k 2 intransitive vb. talk, speak, use tongue pa.t. carampë given. PE17:126 -
9 tye
pron. you, thou, thee, 2nd person intimate/familar LR:61, 70, Arct, VT49:36, 55, corresponding to formal/politelye. According to VT49:51, tye was used as an endearment especially between lovers, and grandparents and children also used it to address one another to use the adult lye was more stern. Tyenya my tye, used = dear kinsman VT49:51. The pronoun tye is derived from kie, sc. an original stem ki with an added -e VT49:50. Stressed tyé; dual tyet *the two of you VT49:51 another note reproduced on the same page however states that tye has no dual form, and VT49:52 likewise states that the 2nd person familiar never deleloped dual or plural forms. Compare the reflexive pronoun intyë *"yourself". Possibly related to the pronominal stem KE 2nd person sg., if tye represents earlier *kye. -
10 tai
1 pron. "that which, what", which fact VT42:34, VT49:12, 20. The word occurs in the sentence alasaila ná lá carë tai mo navë mára, translated "it is unwise not to do what one judges good". So tai = "what", but it means more literally "that which" VT49:12, ta + i cf. ta \#1 and the use of i as a relative pronoun. In one note, Tolkien emended tai to ita, reversing the elements VT49:12 and also eliminating the ambiguity involving the homophone tai \#2, see below. 2 pron. they, them, 3rd person pl., used with reference to inanimates rather than persons or living things VT49:32, see ta \#3 above. Perhaps to avoid the clash with tai that which, the pronoun tai they, them was altered to te in at least one manuscript VT49:33, so that it would merge with the pronoun used of living beings and the distinction between animate and inanimate would be abandoned see te. 3 adv. then, also tá which form may be preferred because tai has other meanings as well VT49:33 -
11 Eldo
noun, archaic variant of Elda, properly one of the "Marchers" from Cuiviénen, but the word went out of use WJ:363, 374 -
12 tulta-
vb. "send for, fetch, summon" TUL. Tultanelyes *"you summoned him", changed by Tolkien to leltanelyes *"you sent him" possibly tulta- was meant to have the meaning "send" here, but Tolkien decided to use another word VT47:22 -
13 an
1 conj. and prep. "for" Nam, RGEO:66, an cé mo quernëfor if one turned VT49:8, also used adverbially in the formula an + a noun to express one more of the thing concerned: an quetta a word more, PE17:91. The an of the phrase es sorni heruion an! "the Eagles of the Lords are at hand" SD:290 however seems to denote motion towards the speaker: the Eagles are coming. Etym has an, ana "to, towards" NĀsup1/sup. The phrase an i falmalīPE17:127 is not clearly translated but seems to be a paraphrase of the word falmalinnar upon the foaming waves Nam, suggesting that an can be used as a paraphrase of the allative ending and if falmalīis seen as a Book Quenya accusative form because of the long final vowel, this is evidence that an governs the accusative case.In the "Arctic" sentence, an is translated "until". Regarding an as used in Namárië, various sources indicate that it means an moreover, furthermore, to proceed VT49:18-19 or properly further, plus, in addition PE17:69, 90. According to one late source ca. 1966 or later, an is very frequently used after a full stop, when an account or description is confirmed after a pause. So in Galadriels Elvish lament: An sí Tintallë, etc. = For now the Kindler, etc This is translated by me for, side an is as here often in fact used when the additional matter provides an explanation of or reason for what has already been said. Related is the use of an + noun to express one more; here an is presumably accented, something the word would not normally be when used as a conjunction or preposition. -
14 fana
noun term denoting the "veils" or "raiment" in which the Valar presented themselves to physical eyes, the bodies in which they were self-incarnated, usually in the shape of the bodies of Elves and Men RGEO:74, PE17:173-180. According to PE17:26, fana may be said to mean shape with added notion of light and whiteness, it is thus often used where we might use a vision of something beautiful or sublime, yet with no connotation of uncertainty or unreality. -
15 elda
1. originally adj. "of the stars", but wholly replaced WJ:362 by: 2. noun Elda = one of the people of the Stars, high-elf, an Elf SA:êl, elen, Letters:281, ELED, ÉLED; notice that Tolkien abandoned a former etymology with "depart", chiefly in the pl. Eldar WJ:362, cf. GATH, TELES.The primitive form Tolkien variously cited as ¤eledā/ elenā Letters:281, PE17:152 and ¤eldā WJ:360. Partitive pl. Eldali VT49:8, gen. pl. Eldaron WJ:368, PM:395, 402;dative pl.eldain "for elves", for Eldar FS; possessive sg. Eldava "Elf's" WJ:407; possessive pl. Eldaiva WJ:368, Eldaivë governing a plural word WJ:369. The word Eldar properly refers to the non-Avari Elves only, but since Eldar rarely had any contact with the Avari, it could be used for "elves" in general in LT1:251, Elda is simply glossed "Elf". See also Eldo. The plural form Eldar should not require any article when the reference is to the entire people; i Eldar refers to a limited group, all the Elves previously named; nevertheless, Tolkien in some sources does use the article even where the reference seems to be generic i Eldar or i-Eldar, VT49:8. -
16 quanta-
2 vb. fill PE17:68, cf. enquantuva will refill in Namárië. This verb seems to spring from a secondary use of the adjective quanta full as a verbal stem, whereas the synonym quat- q.v. is the original primary verb representing the basic root KWAT. -
17 manquë
adj. "blessed" VT44:10-11; it cannot be ruled out that manquë spelt manque in the source is simply an uncompleted form of manquenta. Whatever the case, Tolkien decided to use the form manaquenta instead, q.v. -
18 os(ost-)
noun "house, cottage" LT2:336; hardly valid in LotR-style Quenya writers may use coa or már -
19 atto
noun "father, daddy" hypocoristic ATA, LR:49, supposedly a word in "actual 'family' use" VT47:26, also used in children's play for "thumb" and "big toe" VT47:10, 26, VT48:4, 6. The dual form attat listed in VT48:19 seems to be formed from the alternative form atta, though attat was changed by Tolkien from attot. -Compare atya. -
20 lóna
1 noun "pool, mere" VT42:10. Variant of lón, lónë above? 2 noun "island, remote land difficult to reach" LONO AWA. Obsoleted by \#1 above? 3 unused adj., a form Tolkien mentioned as the hypothetical Quenya cognate of Sindarin loen, Telerin logna adj. "soaking wet" VT42:10, but this cognate was not in use because it clashed with \#1 above. At this point, Tolkien may seem to have forgotten lóna \#2. 4 adj. "dark" DO3/DŌ. If this is to be the cognate of "Noldorin"/Sindarin dûr, as the context seems to indicate, lóna is likely a misreading for *lóra in Tolkien's manuscript.
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