Перевод: со всех языков на все языки

со всех языков на все языки

usage+note:+the

  • 21 Usage note : by

    When by is used with a passive verb, it is translated by par:
    he was killed by a tiger
    = il a été tué par un tigre
    she was horrified by the news
    = elle a été horrifiée par la nouvelle
    For particular usages, see the entry by.
    When by is used with a present participle to mean by means of, it is translated by en:
    she learned French by listening to the radio
    = elle a appris le français en écoutant la radio
    For particular usages, see the entry by.
    When by is used with a noun to mean by means of or using, it is translated by par:
    by telephone
    = par téléphone
    to hold something by the handle
    = tenir quelque chose par la poignée
    Note, however:
    to travel by bus/train/plane
    = voyager en bus/train/avion
    In time expressions by is translated by avant:
    it must be finished by Friday
    = il faut que ce soit fini avant vendredi
    For particular usages, see the entry by.
    by often appears as the second element in phrasal verbs (get by, put by, stand by etc.). For translations, consult the appropriate verb entry (get, put, stand etc.).
    For translations of fixed phrases and expressions such as to learn something by heart, to deliver something by hand etc. consult the appropriate noun entry (heart, hand etc.).
    For all other uses of by see the entry by.

    Big English-French dictionary > Usage note : by

  • 22 Usage note : let

    When let is used in English with another verb in order to make a suggestion (let’s do it at once), the first person plural - ons of the appropriate verb can generally be used to express this in French: faisons-le tout de suite. (Note that the verb alone translates let us do and no pronoun appears in French.)
    In the spoken language, however, which is the usual context for such suggestions, French speakers will use the much more colloquial on + present tense or si on + imperfect tense:
    let’s do it at once
    = on le fait tout de suite? or si on le faisait tout de suite?
    let’s go to the cinema tonight
    = si on allait au cinéma ce soir?
    let’s go!
    = allons-y! or on y va!
    These translations can also be used for negative suggestions:
    let’s not take or don’t let’s take the bus - let’s walk
    = on ne prend pas le bus, on y va à pied or ne prenons pas le bus, allons-y à pied
    For more examples and particular usages see A1 in the entry let1.
    When let is used in English with another verb to express defiance or a command (just let him try!) French uses the structure que + present subjunctive:
    just let him try!
    = qu’il essaie!
    don’t let me see you here again!
    = que je ne te revoie plus ici!
    For more examples and particular usages see A2 in the entry let1.
    When let is used to mean allow, it is generally translated by the verb laisser. For examples and particular usages see A3 in the entry let1.
    For translations of expressions such as let fly, let loose, let slip etc., consult the entry for the second word (fly, loose, slip etc.).

    Big English-French dictionary > Usage note : let

  • 23 Usage note : not

    When not is used without a verb before an adjective, an adverb, a verb or a noun, it is translated by pas:
    it’s a cat not a dog
    = c’est un chat pas un chien
    not at all
    = pas du tout
    not bad
    = pas mal
    For examples and particular usages see the entry not.
    When not is used to make the verb be negative (it’s not a cat) it is translated by ne…pas in French ; ne comes before the verb or the auxiliary in compound tenses and pas comes after the verb or auxiliary: ce n’est pas un chat ;
    she hasn’t been ill
    = elle n’a pas été malade.
    When not is used with the auxiliary do to make a verb negative (he doesn’t like oranges) do + not is translated by ne…pas in French: il n’aime pas les oranges.
    When not is used in the present perfect tense (I haven’ t seen him, she hasn’t arrived yet), ne…pas is again used in French on either side of the appropriate auxiliary ( avoir or être): je ne l’ai pas vu, elle n’est pas encore arrivée.
    When not is used with will to make a verb negative (will not, won’t), ne…pas is used with the future tense in French:
    she won’t come by car
    = elle ne viendra pas en voiture
    When used with a verb in the infinitive, ne…pas are placed together before the verb:
    he decided not to go
    = il a décidé de ne pas y aller
    you were wrong not to tell her
    = tu as eu tort de ne pas le lui dire
    When not is used in question tags, the whole tag can usually be translated by the French n’est-ce pas, e.g.
    she bought it, didn’t she?
    = elle l’a acheté, n’est-ce pas?
    For usages not covered in this note see the entry not.

    Big English-French dictionary > Usage note : not

  • 24 Usage note : since

    In time expressions
    since is used in English after a verb in the present perfect or progressive present perfect tense to indicate when something that is still going on started. To express this French uses a verb in the present tense + depuis:
    I’ve been waiting since Saturday
    = j’attends depuis samedi
    I’ve lived in Rome since 1988
    = j’habite à Rome depuis 1988
    When since is used after a verb in the past perfect tense, French uses the imperfect + depuis:
    I had been waiting since nine o’clock
    = j’attendais depuis neuf heures
    In negative time expressions
    Again since is translated by depuis, but in negative sentences the verb tenses used in French are the same as those used in English:
    I haven’t seen him since Saturday
    = je ne l’ai pas vu depuis samedi
    I hadn’t seen him since 1978
    = je ne l’avais pas vu depuis 1978
    As a conjunction
    In time expressions
    When since is used as a conjunction, it is translated by depuis que and the tenses used in French parallel exactly those used with the preposition depuis (see above):
    since she’s been living in Oxford
    = depuis qu’elle habite à Oxford
    since he’d been in Paris
    = depuis qu’il était à Paris
    Note that in time expressions with since French native speakers will generally prefer to use a noun where possible when English uses a verb:
    I haven’t seen him since he left
    = je ne l’ai pas vu depuis son départ
    she’s been living in Nice since she got married
    = elle habite à Nice depuis son mariage
    For particular usages see the entry since.
    Meaning because
    When since is used to mean because, it is translated by comme or étant donné que:
    since she was ill, she couldn’t go
    = comme elle était malade or étant donné qu’elle était malade, elle ne pouvait pas y aller
    As an adverb
    When since is used as an adverb it is translated by depuis:
    he hasn’t been seen since
    = on ne l’a pas vu depuis
    For particular usages see C in the entry since.

    Big English-French dictionary > Usage note : since

  • 25 Usage note : go

    go as a simple intransitive verb is translated by aller:
    we’re going to Paris
    = nous allons à Paris
    where are you going?
    = où vas-tu?
    Sasha went to London last week
    = Sasha est allée à Londres la semaine dernière
    Note that aller conjugates with être in compound tenses. For the conjugation of aller see the French verb tables. For more examples and particular usages see the entry go. The verb go produces a great many phrasal verbs in English (go up, go down, go out, go back etc.). Many of these are translated by a single verb in French (monter, descendre, sortir, retourner etc.). The phrasal verbs are listed separately at the end of the entry go.
    As an auxiliary verb
    When go is used as an auxiliary to show intention, it is also translated by aller:
    I’m going to buy a car tomorrow
    = je vais acheter une voiture demain
    I was going to talk to you about it
    = j’allais t’en parler
    he’s not going to ask for a rise
    = il ne va pas demander d’augmentation
    For more examples and particular usages see A23 in the entry go.
    For all other uses see the entry go.

    Big English-French dictionary > Usage note : go

  • 26 Usage note : when

    when can very often be translated by quand in time expressions:
    when did she leave?
    = quand est-ce qu’elle est partie? or elle est partie quand? or quand est-elle partie?
    Note that in questions quand on its own requires inversion of the verb and subject:
    when are they arriving?
    = quand arrivent-ils?
    but when followed by est-ce que needs no inversion: quand est-ce qu’ils arrivent?
    Occasionally a more precise time expression is used in French:
    when’s your birthday?
    = quelle est la date de ton anniversaire?
    when did he set off?
    = à quelle heure est-il parti?
    Remember that the future tense is used after quand if future time is implied:
    tell him when you see him
    = dis-le-lui quand tu le verras
    It is often possible to give a short neat translation for a when clause if there is no change of subject in the sentence:
    when I was very young, I lived in Normandy
    = tout jeune, j’habitais en Normandie
    when he was leaving, he asked for my address
    = en partant, il m’a demandé mon adresse
    In expressions such as the day when, the year when, où is used:
    the day when we got married
    = le jour où nous nous sommes mariés
    For examples of the above and further uses of when, see the entry when.

    Big English-French dictionary > Usage note : when

  • 27 Usage note : like

    When like is used as a preposition (like a child, do it like this) it can generally be translated by comme.
    Note however that be like and look like meaning resemble are translated by ressembler à:
    she’s like her father or she looks like her father
    = elle ressemble à son père
    like is used after certain other verbs in English to express particular kinds of resemblance (taste like, feel like, smell like etc.). For translations, consult the appropriate verb entry.
    When like is used as a conjunction it is translated by comme:
    songs like my mother sings
    = des chansons comme celles que chante ma mère
    When like is used to introduce an illustrative example ( big cities like London) it can be translated by either comme or tel/telle/tels/ telles que: les grandes villes comme Londres or les grandes villes telles que Londres.
    For particular usages of like as a preposition or conjunction and for noun and adverb uses, see the entry like1.

    Big English-French dictionary > Usage note : like

  • 28 Usage note : all

    When all is used to mean everything, it is translated by tout:
    is that all?
    = c’est tout?
    all is well
    = tout va bien
    When all is followed by a that clause, all that is translated by tout ce qui when it is the subject of the verb and tout ce que when it is the object:
    all that remains to be done
    = tout ce qui reste à faire
    that was all (that) he said
    = c’est tout ce qu’il a dit
    after all (that) we’ve done
    = après tout ce que nous avons fait
    we’re doing all (that) we can
    = nous faisons tout ce que nous pouvons
    all that you need
    = tout ce dont tu as besoin
    When all is used to refer to a specified group of people or objects, the translation reflects the number and gender of the people or objects referred to ; tous is used for a group of people or objects of masculine or mixed or unspecified gender and toutes for a group of feminine gender:
    we were all delighted
    = nous étions tous ravis
    ‘where are the cups?’ ‘they’re all in the kitchen’
    = ‘où sont les tasses?’ ‘elles sont toutes dans la cuisine’
    For more examples and particular usages see the entry all.
    As a determiner
    In French, determiners agree in gender and number with the noun they precede. So all is translated by tout + masculine singular noun:
    all the time
    = tout le temps
    by toute + feminine singular noun:
    all the family
    = toute la famille
    by tous + masculine or mixed gender plural noun:
    all men
    = tous les hommes
    all the books
    = tous les livres
    and by toutes + feminine plural noun:
    all women
    = toutes les femmes
    all the chairs
    = toutes les chaises
    For more examples and particular usages see the entry all.
    As an adverb
    When all is used as an adverb meaning completely it is generally translated by tout:
    my coat’s all dirty
    = mon manteau est tout sale
    he was all alone
    = il était tout seul
    they were all alone
    = ils étaient tout seuls
    the girls were all excited
    = les filles étaient tout excitées
    However, when the adjective that follows is in the feminine and begins with a consonant the translation is toute/toutes:
    she was all alone
    = elle était toute seule
    the bill is all wrong
    = la facture est toute fausse
    the girls were all alone
    = les filles étaient toutes seules
    For more examples and particular usages see the entry all.
    Phrases such as all along, all but, at all, for all and of all are each treated separately in the entry all.

    Big English-French dictionary > Usage note : all

  • 29 Usage note : before

    When before is used as a preposition in expressions of time or order of sequence or importance, it is translated by avant:
    before the meeting
    = avant la réunion
    she left before me
    = elle est partie avant moi
    For more examples and particular usages, see A1, 2, 3 in the entry before.
    When before is used as a preposition meaning in front of (when you are talking about physical space) or in the presence of, it is translated by devant:
    before our eyes
    = devant nos yeux
    he declared before his mother that …
    = il a déclaré devant sa mère que …
    When before is used as an adjective after a noun, it is translated by précédent/-e:
    the time before
    = la fois précédente
    the one before is translated by le précédent or la précédente:
    no, I’m not talking about that meeting but the one before
    = non, je ne parle pas de cette réunion-là mais de la précédente
    For particular usages see B in the entry before.
    When before is used as an adverb meaning beforehand, it is translated by avant in statements about the present or future:
    I’ll try to talk to her before
    = j’essaierai de lui en parler avant
    you could have told me before
    = tu aurais pu me le dire avant
    When before means previously in statements about the past, it is translated by auparavant:
    I had met her two or three times before
    = je l’avais rencontrée deux ou trois fois auparavant
    When before means already it is translated by déjà:
    I’ve met her before
    = je l’ai déjà rencontrée
    you’ve asked me that question before
    = tu m’as déjà posé cette question
    In negative sentences before is often used in English simply to reinforce the negative. In such cases it is not translated at all:
    I’d never eaten snails before
    = je n’avais jamais mangé d’escargots
    you’ve never told me that before
    = tu ne m’as jamais dit ça
    For particular usages see C in the entry before.
    When before is used as a conjunction, it is translated by avant de + infinitive where the two verbs have the same subject:
    before he saw her he recognized her voice
    = il a reconnu sa voix avant de la voir
    before I cook dinner I’m going to phone my mother
    = avant de préparer le dîner je vais appeler ma mère
    Where the two verbs have different subjects, the translation is avant que + subjunctive:
    Tom wants to see her before she leaves
    = Tom veut la voir avant qu’elle parte
    Some speakers and writers add ne before the verb: Tom veut la voir avant qu’elle ne parte, but this is simply a slightly precious effect of style and is never obligatory. For particular usages see D in the entry before.

    Big English-French dictionary > Usage note : before

  • 30 Usage note : have

    When used as an auxiliary in present perfect, future perfect and past perfect tenses, have is normally translated by avoir:
    I have seen
    = j’ai vu
    I had seen
    = j’avais vu
    However, some verbs in French, especially verbs of movement and change of state (e.g. aller, venir, descendre, mourir), take être rather than avoir in these tenses:
    he has left
    = il est parti
    In this case, remember the past participle agrees with the subject of the verb:
    she has gone
    = elle est allée
    Reflexive verbs (e.g. se lever, se coucher) always conjugate with être:
    she has fainted
    = elle s’est évanouie
    For translations of time expressions using for or since (he has been in London for six months, he has been in London since June), see the entries for and since.
    For translations of time expressions using just (I have just finished my essay, he has just gone), see the entry just1.
    to have to meaning must is translated by either devoir or the impersonal construction il faut que + subjunctive:
    I have to leave now
    = il faut que je parte maintenant or je dois partir maintenant
    In negative sentences, not to have to is generally translated by ne pas être obligé de e.g.
    you don’t have to go
    = tu n’es pas obligé d’y aller
    For examples and particular usages see the entry have.
    When have is used as a straightforward transitive verb meaning possess, have (or have got) can generally be translated by avoir, e.g.
    I have (got) a car
    = j’ai une voiture
    she has a good memory
    = elle a une bonne mémoire
    they have (got) problems
    = ils ont des problèmes
    For examples and particular usages see entry ; see also got.
    have is also used with certain noun objects where the whole expression is equivalent to a verb:
    to have dinner = to dine
    to have a try = to try
    to have a walk = to walk
    In such cases the phrase is very often translated by the equivalent verb in French (dîner, essayer, se promener). For translations consult the appropriate noun entry (dinner, try, walk).
    had is used in English at the beginning of a clause to replace an expression with if. Such expressions are generally translated by si + past perfect tense, e.g.
    had I taken the train, this would never have happened
    = si j’avais pris le train, ce ne serait jamais arrivé
    had there been a fire, we would all have been killed
    = s’il y avait eu un incendie, nous serions tous morts
    For examples of the above and all other uses of have see the entry.

    Big English-French dictionary > Usage note : have

  • 31 Usage note : should

    Meaning ought to
    When should is used to mean ought to, it is translated by the conditional tense of devoir:
    we should leave at seven
    = nous devrions partir à sept heures
    The past should have meaning ought to have is translated by the past conditional of devoir:
    she should have told him the truth
    = elle aurait dû lui dire la vérité
    The same verb is used in negative sentences:
    you shouldn’t do that
    = vous ne devriez pas faire ça
    he shouldn’t have resigned
    = il n’aurait pas dû démissionner
    For the conjugation of devoir, see the French verb tables.
    In conditional sentences
    When should is used as an auxiliary verb to form the conditional, should + verb is translated by the conditional of the appropriate verb in French:
    I should like to go to Paris
    = j’aimerais aller à Paris
    I should have liked to go to Paris
    = j’aurais aimé aller à Paris
    As a subjunctive in purpose clauses
    When should is used as an auxiliary verb in that clauses, should + verb is translated by the subjunctive of the appropriate verb in French:
    in order that they should understand
    = pour qu’ils comprennent
    For particular usages see the entry should.

    Big English-French dictionary > Usage note : should

  • 32 Usage note : can

    can and could are usually translated by the verb pouvoir. For the conjugation of pouvoir, see the French verb tables.
    he can wait until tomorrow
    = il peut attendre jusqu’à demain
    you can go out now
    = vous pouvez sortir maintenant
    The two notable exceptions to this are as follows:
    When can or could is used to mean know how to, the verb savoir is used:
    she can speak French
    = elle sait parler français
    he could read at the age of four
    = à l’âge de quatre ans il savait lire
    When can or could is used with a verb of perception such as see, hear or feel it is not translated at all:
    I can’t see her
    = je ne la vois pas
    she couldn’t feel anything
    = elle ne sentait rien
    In requests can is translated by the present tense of pouvoir and the more polite could by the conditional tense of pouvoir:
    can you help me?
    = peux-tu m’aider?
    could you help me?
    = pourrais-tu m’aider?
    For particular usages of could when it is not simply the preterite or conditional of can see 13, 15, 16 in the entry can1.
    See also the entry able.

    Big English-French dictionary > Usage note : can

  • 33 Usage note : lot

    When a lot is used as a pronoun (they buy a lot, he spends a lot), it is translated by beaucoup: ils achètent beaucoup, il dépense beaucoup. For particular usages, see A1 in the entry lot1.
    When a lot is used to mean much in negative expressions (they didn’t have a lot) it is translated by pas grand-chose: ils n’avaient pas grand-chose. For particular usages, see A1 in the entry lot1.
    When the lot is used as a pronoun ( they took the lot), it is usually translated by tout: ils ont tout pris. For particular usages, see A2 in the entry lot1.
    When a lot of is used as a quantifier ( a lot of money) it is translated by beaucoup de. For particular usages, see B1 in the entry lot1.
    For translations of lots of, see C in the entry lot1.
    When a lot is used as an adverb (a lot stronger, he’s changed a lot) it is translated by beaucoup: beaucoup plus fort, il a beaucoup changé. For particular usages, see E in the entry lot.

    Big English-French dictionary > Usage note : lot

  • 34 Usage note : nothing

    When nothing is used alone as a reply to a question in English, it is translated by rien:
    ‘what are you doing?’ ‘nothing’
    = ‘que fais-tu?’ ‘rien’
    nothing as a pronoun when it is the subject of a verb is translated by rien ne in French:
    nothing changes
    = rien ne change
    nothing has changed
    = rien n’a changé
    nothing as a pronoun when it is the object of a verb is translated by ne rien ; ne comes before the verb, and before the auxiliary in compound tenses, and rien comes after the verb or auxiliary:
    I see nothing
    = je ne vois rien
    I saw nothing
    = je n’ai rien vu
    When ne rien is used with an infinitive the two words are not separated:
    I prefer to say nothing
    = je préfère ne rien dire
    For examples and particular usages, see A in the entry nothing.
    For translations of nothing as an adverb (it’s nothing like as difficult) and for the phrases nothing but, nothing less than, nothing more than, see B, E, F and G respectively in the entry nothing.

    Big English-French dictionary > Usage note : nothing

  • 35 Usage note : what

    In questions
    When used in questions as an object pronoun, what is translated by que or qu’est-ce que.
    After que the verb and subject are inverted and a hyphen is placed between them:
    what is he doing?
    = que fait-il? or qu’est-ce qu’il fait?
    When used in questions as a subject pronoun, what is translated by qu’est-ce qui:
    what happened?
    = qu’est-ce qui s’est passé?
    Used with a preposition
    After a preposition the translation is quoi.
    Unlike in English, the preposition must always be placed immediately before quoi:
    with what did she cut it? or what did she cut it with?
    = avec quoi l’a-t-elle coupé?
    To introduce a clause
    When used to introduce a clause as the object of the verb, what is translated by ce que (ce qu’ before a vowel):
    I don’t know what he wants
    = je ne sais pas ce qu’il veut
    When what is the subject of the verb it is translated by ce qui:
    tell me what happened
    = raconte-moi ce qui s’est passé
    For particular usages see A in the entry what.
    As a determiner
    what used as a determiner is translated by quel, quelle, quels or quelles according to the gender and number of the noun that follows:
    what train did you catch?
    = quel train as-tu pris?
    what books do you like?
    = quels livres aimes-tu?
    what colours do you like?
    = quelles couleurs aimes-tu?
    For particular usages see B in the entry what.

    Big English-French dictionary > Usage note : what

  • 36 Usage note : less

    When less is used as a quantifier ( less money) it is translated by moins de: moins d’argent. For examples and particular usages, see A in the entry less.
    When less is used as a pronoun ( you should have taken less), it is translated by moins: tu aurais dû en prendre moins.
    less than is usually translated by moins que and even less by encore moins. For examples and particular usages of these see B in the entry less.
    When less is used as an adverb followed by a verb, an adjective, or another adverb (to eat less, less interesting, less often) it is translated by moins: manger moins, moins intéressant, moins souvent. For examples and particular usages see C in the entry less.
    For less used as a preposition (less 10%) see D in the entry less.
    For the phrase less and less see E in the entry less.

    Big English-French dictionary > Usage note : less

  • 37 the

    1 (specifying, identifying etc) le/la/l'/les ; two chapters of the book deux chapitres du livre ; I met them at the supermarket je les ai rencontrés au supermarché ;
    2 ( best etc) she's THE violinist of the century c'est LA violoniste du siècle, c'est la plus grande violoniste du siècle ; the book of the year le meilleur livre de l'année ; THE French restaurant le meilleur restaurant français ; THE way of losing weight la façon la plus efficace de perdre des kilos ; do you mean THE William Blake? tu veux dire LE William Blake? ;
    3 ( with family names) the Hapsburgs/the Buntings les Habsbourg/les Bunting ;
    4 ( with genre) the opera l'opéra ; the ballet le ballet ;
    5 ( enough) he hadn' t the courage to refuse il n'a pas eu le courage de refuser ; we don't have the money for a holiday nous n'avons pas les moyens de partir en vacances ; can you spare the time to help me? est-ce que tu as du temps pour m'aider? ;
    6 ( with era) the fifties les années cinquante ;
    7 ( with adj) the impossible l'impossible ; she buys only the best elle n'achète que ce qu'il y a de mieux ;
    8 ( with adj forming group) the French les Français ; the wounded les blessés ; the handicapped les handicapés ;
    9 ( with comparative adj) the news made her all the sadder la nouvelle n'a fait que la rendre triste ; ⇒ all, better, more, none, wise, worse etc ;
    10 ( in double comparatives) the more I learn the less I understand plus j'apprends moins je comprends ; the longer I do it the more difficult it becomes plus je le fais plus ça devient difficile ; the sooner the better le plus tôt sera le mieux ; the longer he waits the harder it will be plus il attendra plus ce sera difficile ;
    11 ( with superlatives) the fastest train le train le plus rapide ; the prettiest house in the village la maison la plus jolie du village.

    Big English-French dictionary > the

  • 38 The Lusiads

       Portugal's national epic poem of the Age of Discoveries, written by the nation's most celebrated poet, Luís de Camões. Published in 1572, toward the end of the adventurous life of Camões, Os Lusíadas is the most famous and most often-quoted piece of literature in Portugal. Modeled in part on the style and format of Virgil's Aeneid, Os Lusíadas is the story of Portugal's long history, and features an evocation of the Portuguese navigator Vasco da Gama's epic discovery of the sea route from Portugal to Asia. Part of the epic poem was composed when Camões was in royal service in Portugal's Asian empire, including in Goa and Macau. While the dramatic framework is dominated by various deities from classical literature, much of what is described in Portugal, Africa, and Asia is real and accurately rendered by the classically educated (at Coimbra University) Camões, who witnessed both the apogee and the beginning of decline of Portugal's seaborne empire and world power.
       While the poet praises imperial power and greatness, Camões features a prescient naysayer: "The Old Man of Restelo," on the beach where Vasco da Gama is about to embark for Indian adventures, criticizes Portuguese expansion beyond Africa to Asia. Camões was questioning the high price of an Asian empire, and gave voice to those anti-imperialists and "Doubting Thomases" in the country who opposed more overseas expansion beyond Africa. It is interesting to note that in the Portuguese language usage and tradition since the establishment of The Lusiads as a national poem, "The Old Man of Restelo" ("O Velho do Restelo") came to symbolize not a wise Cassandra with timely warnings that Portugal would be fatally weakened by empire and might fall prey to neighboring Spain, but merely a Doubting Thomas in popular sentiment. The Lusiads soon became universally celebrated and accepted, and it has been translated into many languages. In the history of criticism in Portugal, more has been written about Camões and The Lusiads than about any other author or work in Portuguese literature, now more than a thousand years in the making.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > The Lusiads

  • 39 The clock

    What time is it?
    In timetables etc., the twenty-four hour clock is used, so that 4 pm is seize heures. In ordinary usage, one says quatre heures (de l’après-midi).
    what time is it?
    = quelle heure est-il?
    my watch says five o’clock
    = il est cinq heures à ma montre
    could you tell me the time?
    = pouvez-vous me donner l’heure?
    it’s exactly four o’clock
    = il est quatre heures juste or il est exactement quatre heures
    it’s about four
    = il est environ quatre heures
    it’s almost three o’clock
    = il est presque trois heures
    it’s just before six o’clock
    = il va être six heures
    it’s just after five o’clock
    = il est à peine plus de cinq heures
    it’s gone five
    = il est cinq heures passées
    When?
    French never drops the word heures: at five is à cinq heures and so on.
    French always uses à, whether or not English includes the word at. The only exception is when there is another preposition present, as in vers cinq heures (towards five o’clock), avant cinq heures (before five o’clock) etc.
    what time did it happen?
    = à quelle heure cela s’est-il passé?
    what time will he come at?
    = à quelle heure va-t-il venir?
    it happened at two o’clock
    = c’est arrivé à deux heures
    he’ll come at four
    = il viendra à quatre heures
    at ten past four
    = à quatre heures dix
    at half past eight
    = à huit heures et demie
    at three o’clock exactly
    = à trois heures précises
    at about five
    = vers cinq heures or à cinq heures environ
    at five at the latest
    = à cinq heures au plus tard
    a little after nine
    = un peu après neuf heures
    it must be ready by ten
    = il faut que ce soit prêt avant dix heures
    I’ll be here until 6 pm
    = je serai là jusqu’à six heures du soir
    I won’t be here until 6 pm
    = je ne serai pas là avant six heures du soir
    it lasts from seven till nine
    = cela dure de sept à neuf heures
    closed from 1 to 2 pm
    = fermé entre treize et quatorze heures
    every hour on the hour
    = toutes les heures à l’heure juste
    at ten past every hour
    = toutes les heures à dix
    † This fuller form is possible in all similar cases in this list. It is used only in ‘official’ styles.
    ‡ Quatre heures et quart sounds less official than quatre heures quinze ( and similarly et demie and moins le quart are the less official forms). The demie and quart forms are not used with the 24-hour clock.
    § Demi agrees when it follows its noun, but not when it comes before the noun to which it is hyphenated, e.g. quatre heures et demie but les demi-heures etc. Note that midi and minuit are masculine, so midi et demi and minuit et demi.

    Big English-French dictionary > The clock

  • 40 past

    past, US
    ❢ For a full set of translations for past used in clocktime consult the usage note ⇒ The clock.
    A n
    1 gen passé m ; in the past dans le passé, par le passé, autrefois ; she had taught at the school in the past elle avait enseigné à l'école par le passé ; I have done things in the past that I'm not proud of j'ai fait des choses dans le passé dont je ne suis pas fier ; there are more students/unemployed people now than in the past il y a plus d'étudiants/de chômeurs qu'autrefois or que dans le passé ; in the past we have (always) spent our holidays in Greece/taken the train jusqu'ici nous avons toujours passé nos vacances en Grèce/pris le train ; to live in the past vivre dans le passé ; that's a thing of the past c'est du passé ; soon petrol-driven cars will be a thing of the past les voitures qui fonctionnent à l'essence feront bientôt partie du passé ; he/she has a past il/elle a un passé chargé ;
    2 Ling ( also past tense) passé m ; in the past au passé.
    B adj
    1 ( preceding) [week, days, month etc] dernier/-ière ; during the past few days/months ces derniers jours/mois ; in the past three years/months dans les trois dernières années/derniers mois ; the past two years have been difficult ces deux dernières années ont été difficiles ;
    2 (previous, former) [generations, centuries, achievements, problems, experience] passé ; [president, chairman, incumbent] ancien/-ienne (before n) ; [government] précédent ; in times past autrefois, jadis ;
    3 ( finished) summer is past l'été est fini ; that's all past c'est du passé.
    C prep
    1 ( moving beyond) to walk ou go past sb/sth passer devant qn/qch ; to drive past sth passer devant qch (en voiture) ; to run past sth passer devant qch (en courant) ;
    2 ( beyond in time) it's past 6/midnight il est 6 heures passées/minuit passé ; twenty past two deux heures vingt ; half/quarter past two deux heures et demie/et quart ; he is past 70 il a 70 ans passés, il a plus de 70 ans ;
    3 ( beyond in position) après ; past the church/the park après l'église/le parc ;
    4 ( beyond or above a certain level) the temperature soared past 40°C la température est montée brutalement à plus de 40°C ; he didn't get past the first chapter il n'est pas allé plus loin que le premier chapitre ; he didn't get past the first interview ( for job) il n'a pas passé la barrière du premier entretien ; she can't count past ten elle ne sait compter que jusqu'à dix ;
    5 ( beyond scope of) to be past understanding dépasser l'entendement ; to be past caring ne plus s'en faire ; he is past playing football/working ce n'est plus de son âge de jouer au foot/de travailler.
    D adv
    2 ( ago) two years past il y a deux ans.
    to be past it ○ avoir passé l'âge ; to be past its best [cheese, fruit etc] être un peu avancé ; [wine] être un peu éventé ; I wouldn't put it past him/them to do je ne pense pas que ça le/les gênerait de faire ; ⇒ care.

    Big English-French dictionary > past

Страницы

См. также в других словарях:

  • International status and usage of the euro — Worldwide use of the euro and US$:   Eurozone …   Wikipedia

  • the */*/*/ — strong UK [ðiː] / US [ðɪ] weak UK [ðə] / US UK [ðɪ] / US determiner Summary: The is used as the definite article before a noun. 1) used when you are referring to a particular thing or person that has already been mentioned or is already known… …   English dictionary

  • the — 1 before vowels,; strong /Di:/ definite article, determiner 1 used to refer to a particular thing or person when everyone knows which thing or person you are talking about, or because only one such person or thing exists: I ve got two cats now;… …   Longman dictionary of contemporary English

  • The Roman Congregations —     The Roman Congregations     † Catholic Encyclopedia ► The Roman Congregations     Certain departments have been organized by the Holy See at various times to assist it in the transaction of those affairs which canonical discipline and the… …   Catholic encyclopedia

  • The Seal of Confession —     The Law of the Seal of Confession     † Catholic Encyclopedia ► The Law of the Seal of Confession     In the Decretum of the Gratian who compiled the edicts of previous councils and the principles of Church law which he published about 1151,… …   Catholic encyclopedia

  • The Sacrament of Penance —     The Sacrament of Penance     † Catholic Encyclopedia ► The Sacrament of Penance     Penance is a sacrament of the New Law instituted by Christ in which forgiveness of sins committed after baptism is granted through the priest s absolution to… …   Catholic encyclopedia

  • The Culture — is a fictional interstellar anarchist, socialist, and utopian[1][2] society created by the Scottish writer Iain M. Banks which features in a number of science fiction novels and works of short fiction by him, collectively called the Culture… …   Wikipedia

  • THÉ — De la famille des ternstrœmiacées (ou théacées), le thé (Thea sinensis , selon Linné, plus généralement appelé aujourd’hui Camellia sinensis ou Camellia japonica pour souligner sa parenté avec le camélia cultivé) est un petit arbuste le plus… …   Encyclopédie Universelle

  • The Gossamer Project — is a group of specialty archives that, combined, contain the vast majority of X Files fan fiction on the Internet. [http://fluky.gossamer.org/local/history.html The Gossamer Project Help Desk History of Gossamer ] ] In the mid to late 1990s, the… …   Wikipedia

  • The Cross and Crucifix in Liturgy —     The Cross and Crucifix in Liturgy     † Catholic Encyclopedia ► The Cross and Crucifix in Liturgy     (1) Material Objects in Liturgical Use;     (2) Liturgical Forms connected with Them;     (3) Festivals Commemorative of the Holy Cross;… …   Catholic encyclopedia

  • The Ashley Book of Knots — is an encyclopedia of knots first published in 1944 by Clifford Ashley. The culmination of over 11 years of work, it contains some 7000 illustrations and more than 3854 entries covering over 2000 different knots. The entries include instructions …   Wikipedia

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Прямая ссылка:
… Нажмите правой клавишей мыши и выберите «Копировать ссылку»