urban+areas

1 wash, washing.

lavado de cerebro brainwashing

lavado de estómago stomach pumping

lavado y engrase car wash and lubrication (en garaje)

lavado en seco dry-cleaning

2 enema, washout, rectal, lavage.

3 leachate.

4 ablution.

past participle of spanish verb: lavar.

* * *

► nombre masculino

1 wash

■ a esas cortinas les hace falta un buen lavado those curtains need a good wash

► participio pasado

1→ link=lavar lavar

► adjetivo

1 washed

► nombre masculino lavado

1 wash

■ a esas cortinas les hace falta un buen lavado those curtains need a good wash

\

hacerle un lavado de cerebro a alguien to brainwash somebody

hacer un lavado de estómago a alguien to pump somebody's stomach out

lavado a mano hand wash

lavado de cara facelift

lavado de cerebro brainwashing

lavado en seco dry-cleaning

* * *

* * *

1) [de ropa, vehículo] wash, washing

2) (Med)

3) (fig)

* * *

- da adjetivo

a) <ropa/manos> washed

b) (RPl fam) < color> ( descolorido) washed-out; ( muy claro) light; < persona> pale

1)

a) ( de ropa) wash, washing; ( de coche) wash

b) (ropa, tanda) wash

- lavado automático

- lavado de cerebro

- lavado de estómago

2) (AmL) ( de dinero) laundering

* * *

= washing, wash-off, washed-out, lavage, wash, rinse.

Ex. We also spend a certain amount of time each day dealing with our bodily functions, bathing, washing, brushing our teeth and so on.

Ex. The wash-off of solid waste into the drainage systems of urban areas seriously interferes with aquatic life in the receiving streams, rivers, lakes and oceans.

Ex. When you get the wrong combination you get washed-out colors and bad blacks.

Ex. An enema is lavage of the rectum or distal colon.

Ex. Year without a wash leads to divorce court.

Ex. It's best after use to just use regular washing up liquid and water, giving it a good rinse and drying promptly.

----

* dar un lavado de cara = spruce up.

* disolvente para el lavado = wash solvent.

* hacerle a Alguien un lavado de cerebro = brainwash.

* lavado a presión = pressure wash, jet wash.

* lavado de cabello = shampooing.

* lavado de coches = car wash.

* lavado de la ropa = laundering.

* lavado del intestino = bowel prep.

* lavado de pelo = shampooing.

* lavado de platos = dishwashing.

* lavado intestinal = bowel prep.

* lavado manual a presión = jet wash.

* túnel de lavado = drive-through car wash.

* * *

- da adjetivo

a) <ropa/manos> washed

b) (RPl fam) < color> ( descolorido) washed-out; ( muy claro) light; < persona> pale

1)

a) ( de ropa) wash, washing; ( de coche) wash

b) (ropa, tanda) wash

- lavado automático

- lavado de cerebro

- lavado de estómago

2) (AmL) ( de dinero) laundering

* * *

* * *

1 ‹ropa/manos› washed

2 ( RPl fam) ‹color› (descolorido) washed-out; (muy claro) pastel, light

3 ( RPl fam) ‹persona› pale, pasty-faced ( colloq)

1 (de ropa) wash, washing; (de un coche) wash

para el lavado de la ropa delicada for washing delicate articles

lavado en seco dry cleaning

lavado a mano handwashing

hacerse el lavado del gato ( fam); to have a quick wash

2 (ropa, tanda) wash

un lavado de ropa oscura a dark wash

tenía ropa para varios lavados I had several washes to do

carwash

brainwashing

te han hecho un lavado de cerebro you've been brainwashed

( AmL) money laundering

le hicieron un lavado de estómago they pumped his stomach out

B (enema) enema

* * *

el participio

◊ -da adjetivo

a) ‹ropa/manos› washed

b) (RPl fam) ‹ color› ( descolorido) washed-out;

a) ( de ropa) wash, washing;

◊ lavado en seco dry cleaning;

b) (ropa, tanda) wash

◊ hay que lavadolo en seco/a mano it has to be dry-cleaned/hand-washed

a) ( lavar ropa) to do the laundry o (BrE) washing

b) ( en peluquería):

◊ lavado y marcar to shampoo and set

a) ( refl) to have a wash;

b) (Col fam) ( empaparse) to get soaked

* * *

♦ adj

1. [color] faded

2. RP [persona] pale

3. Ven Fam [descarado] cheeky

♦ nm

1. [de manos, ropa] wash;

dar un lavado a algo to give sth a wash, to wash sth;

un simple lavado de manos puede prevenir el contagio you can avoid infection simply by washing your hands;

yo me encargo del lavado de los platos I'll do the dishes, Br I'll do the washing-up;

con un buen lavado quedará como nuevo all it needs is a good wash and it'll be as good as new;

lavado y engrase [en garaje] car wash and lubrication;

lavado y planchado [en tintorería] washing and pressing

lavado de cerebro brainwashing;

hacer un lavado de cerebro a alguien to brainwash sb;

lavado de coches car wash;

lavado de estómago stomach pumping;

le hicieron un lavado de estómago she had her stomach pumped;

lavado de imagen makeover;

lavado en seco dry-cleaning

2. [de dinero, capitales] laundering

* * *

m wash;

de fácil lavado easy wash

* * *

lavado nm

1) : laundry, wash

2) : laundering

lavado de dinero: money laundering

* * *

lavado n wash [pl. washes]

(n.) = vacant lot, vacant land

Ex. A vest-pocket park may be as small as the space occupied by a single building in the surrounding community, and is often a converted vacant lot.

Ex. A survey of vacant land in urban areas of England is one of the many practical applications of geographic information systems (GIS).

* * *

(n.) = drainage system

Ex. The wash-off of solid waste into the drainage systems of urban areas seriously interferes with aquatic life in the receiving streams, rivers, lakes and oceans.

* * *

masculino plural (frml) refuse, solid waste

* * *

(n.) = solid waste

Ex. The wash-off of solid waste into the drainage systems of urban areas seriously interferes with aquatic life in the receiving streams, rivers, lakes and oceans.

* * *

masculino plural (frml) refuse, solid waste

* * *

(n.) = drainage system

Ex. The wash-off of solid waste into the drainage systems of urban areas seriously interferes with aquatic life in the receiving streams, rivers, lakes and oceans.

* * *

(n.) = vacant land

Ex. A survey of vacant land in urban areas of England is one of the many practical applications of geographic information systems (GIS).

* * *

(n.) = passenger transport

Ex. This article concentrates on the problems of passenger transport in urban areas.

* * *

tribe.

tribu urbana = identifiable social group, such as punks or yuppies, made up of young people living in urban areas

* * *

► nombre femenino

1 tribe

* * *

* * *

SF tribe

* * *

femenino tribe

* * *

= tribe, tribal nation.

Ex. Librarians, like anthropologists, are recognizably and self-consciously members of one single tribe.

Ex. Still another library has made arrangements with nearby Native American tribal nations to donate its weeded materials.

----

* jefe de la tribu = tribal chief.

* tribu india = Indian tribe.

* * *

femenino tribe

* * *

* * *

tribe

* * *

* * *

tribu nf

1. [étnica] tribe

2. Fam [familia] tribe;

se fue con toda la tribu al campo she went out into the country with the whole tribe

* * *

f tribe

* * *

tribu nf

: tribe

* * *

tribu n tribe

1 waste (residuo).

vertidos radiactivos radioactive waste

2 dumping.

vertido de residuos waste dumping

3 spill.

past participle of spanish verb: verter.

* * *

► nombre masculino

1 (consciente) dumping, discharge; (fortuito) spillage

► participio pasado

1→ link=verter verter

► nombre masculino vertido

1 (consciente) dumping, discharge; (fortuito) spillage

* * *

1) (=acto) (accidental) spillage; (deliberado) dumping; [de líquido] pouring

2) pl vertidos (=residuos) waste [sing]

* * *

masculino ( accidental) spilling, spillage; ( deliberado) dumping

* * *

= dumping, release, pouring, wash-off, effluent, spew.

Ex. Spurred by press comments on dumping of withdrawn library books in rubbish skips, Birkerd Library requested the Ministry of Culture's permission to sell withdrawn materials.

Ex. But first we must create the conditions for single-mindedness and hence the release of our energies (one senses much pent-up energy mixed up with our professional frustrations).

Ex. The heading 'concrete - pouring' is correct, because pouring is a process applied to concrete, not a species of concrete.

Ex. The wash-off of solid waste into the drainage systems of urban areas seriously interferes with aquatic life in the receiving streams, rivers, lakes and oceans.

Ex. Good bookshops are few and far between and the kind to be found in most towns are as educationally healthy as a river rich in industrial effluent is physically salubrious.

Ex. I was a little stunned to read Ken's latest post, in which he complains about 'an endless, rancid spew of spam'.

----

* vertido doméstico = domestic effluent.

* vertido industrial = industrial effluent.

* vertido tóxico = toxic waste, hazardous waste.

* * *

masculino ( accidental) spilling, spillage; ( deliberado) dumping

* * *

* * *

(accidentalmente) spilling, spillage; (a propósito) dumping

* * *

♦ nm

♦ vertidos nmpl

* * *

1 dumping;

vertido incontrolado unauthorized dumping

vertidos pl waste sg ;

vertidos tóxicos toxic waste

* * *

vertido nm

: spilling, spill

(n.) = aquatic life

Ex. The wash-off of solid waste into the drainage systems of urban areas seriously interferes with aquatic life in the receiving streams, rivers, lakes and oceans.

* * *

(n.) = mobile home park, trailer park

Ex. Mobile home parks originally became popular among laborers flocking to urban areas for war-related employment during World War II.

Ex. Tornadoes and hurricanes often inflict their worst damage on trailer parks and caravan sites, usually because the structures are not secured to the ground.

* * *

inurbarsi v.intr.pron.

1 (trasferirsi dalla campagna alla città) to move to the town

2 (estens.) (raffinarsi) to become* refined.

* * *

verbo pronominale = to move into urban areas

* * *

inurbarsi

/inur'barsi/ [1]

verbo pronominale

= to move into urban areas.

n. m. Ex-con, one who is interdit de séjour, i.e. whose presence in certain (urban) areas is prohibited.

adj. m. (of ex-convict): Prohibited from living in or entering certain (urban) areas.

n. m. Ex-con, one who is interdit de séjour, i.e. whose presence in certain (urban) areas is prohibited.

adj. m. (of ex-convict): Prohibited from living in or entering certain (urban) areas.

① maker of stage properties (acc. to Pollux 7, 189 the Old Comedy used the word as a synonym for μηχανοποιός=either a ‘stagehand’ who moved stage properties [as Aristoph., Pax 174] or a ‘manufacturer of stage properties’. Associated terms include σκηνογράφος Diog. L. 2, 125 and σκηνογραφία Arist., Poet. 1449a and Polyb. 12, 28a, 1, in ref. to painting of stage scenery) Ac 18:3. But if one understands σκηνή not as ‘scene’ but as ‘tent’ and considers it improbable that Prisca, Aquila, and Paul would have practiced such a trade in the face of alleged religious objections (s. Schürer II 54–55 on Jewish attitudes towards theatrical productions), one would follow the traditional rendering

② tentmaker. This interpretation has long enjoyed favor (s. Lampe s.v.; REB, NRSV; Hemer, Acts 119, 233), but several considerations militate against it. The term σκηνοποιός is not used outside the Bible (and its influence), except for Pollux (above) and Herm. Wr. 516, 10f=Stob. I, 463, 7ff. There it appears as an adj. and in a figurative sense concerning production of a dwelling appropriate for the soul. The context therefore clearly indicates a structure as the primary component, but in the absence of such a qualifier in Ac 18:3 it is necessary to take account of words and expressions that similarly contain the terms σκηνή and ποιεῖν. A survey of usage indicates that σκηνή appears freq. as the obj. of ποιέω in the sense ‘pitch’ or ‘erect a tent’ (s. ποιέω 1a; act. σκηνοποιέω Is 13:20 Sym. οὐδὲ σκηνοποιήσει ἐκεῖ ῎ Αραψ; 22:15 Sym.; mid. σκηνοποιέομαι Aristot., Meteor. 348b, 35; Clearch., Fgm. 48 W.; Polyb. 14, 1, 7; Diod S 3, 27, 4; Ps.-Callisth. 2, 9, 8.—Cp. σκηνοποιί̈α Aeneas Tact. 8, 3; Polyb. 6, 28, 3; ins, RevArch 3, ’34, 40; and acc. to the text. trad. of Dt 31:10 as an alternate expr. for σκηνοπηγία.—Ex 26:1, it is granted, offers clear evidence of use of the non-compounded σκηνή + ποιέω in the sense ‘produce’ or ‘manufacture [not pitch] a tent’, but the context makes the meaning unmistakable; cp. Herodian 7, 2, 4 on the building of rude housing). Analogously σκηνοποιός would mean ‘one who pitches or erects tents’, linguistically a more probable option than that of ‘tentmaker’, but in the passages cited for σκηνοποιέω and σκηνοποιί̈α components in the context (cp. the case for provision of housing in the Hermetic pass.) clearly point to the denotation ‘pitching of tents’, whereas Ac 18:3 lacks such a clear qualifier. Moreover, it is questionable whether residents of nomadic areas would depend on specialists to assist in such a common task (s. Mt 17:4 par. where a related kind of independent enterprise is mentioned).—That Prisca, Aquila, and Paul might have been engaged in the preparation of parts for the production of a tent is also improbable, since such tasks would have been left to their hired help. That they might have been responsible for putting a tent together out of various pieces is ruled out by the availability of the term σκηνορράφος (Ael., VH 2, 1 et al.; Bull. Inst. Arch. Bulg. 8, 69) in the sense of stitching together (the verb ἐπιτελεῖν Hb 8:5 does not support such a view, for it is not an alternate expr. for ‘production’ of a tent but denotes ‘completion’ of a project, connoting a strong sense of religious commitment; see ἐπιτελέω 2) in which the component ῥαφ-provides an unmistakable qualifier.—In modern times more consideration has been given to identification of Paul’s trade as ‘leather-worker’, an interpretation favored by numerous versions and patristic writings (s. Zahn, AG, ad loc.; L-S-J-M Suppl., s.v., as replacement for their earlier ‘tentmaker’; Haenchen, ad loc., after JJeremias, ZNW 30, ’31; Hock, s. below). As such he would make tents and other products from leather (Hock [s. below] 21). But this and other efforts at more precise definition, such as weaver of tent-cloth (a view no longer in fashion) may transmit reflections of awareness of local practice in lieu of semantic precision.—In the absence of any use of the term σκηνοποιός, beyond the pass. in Pollux and the Herm. Wr., and the lack of specific qualifiers in the text of Ac 18:3, one is left with the strong probability that Luke’s publics in urban areas, where theatrical productions were in abundance, would think of σκηνοποιός in ref. to matters theatrical (s. 1). In addition, Ac 20:34; 1 Cor 4:12; 1 Th 2:9; 2 Th 3:8 indicate that Paul’s work was of a technical nature and was carried out in metropolitan areas, where there would be large demand for such kind of work. What publics in other areas might understand is subject to greater question, for the evidence is primarily anecdotal.—JWeiss, Das Urchristentum 1917, 135; FGrosheide, Παῦλος σκηνοποιός: TSt 35, 1917, 241f; Zahn, AG II 632, 10; 634; Billerb. II 745–47; Beginn. IV, 223; PLampe, BZ 31, ’87, 211–21; RHock, The Social Context of Paul’s Ministry: Tentmaking and Apostleship ’80.—M-M. TW.

(1939-1945)

   In the European phase of the war, neutral Portugal contributed more to the Allied victory than historians have acknowledged. Portugal experienced severe pressures to compromise her neutrality from both the Axis and Allied powers and, on several occasions, there were efforts to force Portugal to enter the war as a belligerent. Several factors lent Portugal importance as a neutral. This was especially the case during the period from the fall of France in June 1940 to the Allied invasion and reconquest of France from June to August 1944.

   In four respects, Portugal became briefly a modest strategic asset for the Allies and a war materiel supplier for both sides: the country's location in the southwesternmost corner of the largely German-occupied European continent; being a transport and communication terminus, observation post for spies, and crossroads between Europe, the Atlantic, the Americas, and Africa; Portugal's strategically located Atlantic islands, the Azores, Madeira, and Cape Verde archipelagos; and having important mines of wolfram or tungsten ore, crucial for the war industry for hardening steel.

   To maintain strict neutrality, the Estado Novo regime dominated by Antônio de Oliveira Salazar performed a delicate balancing act. Lisbon attempted to please and cater to the interests of both sets of belligerents, but only to the extent that the concessions granted would not threaten Portugal's security or its status as a neutral. On at least two occasions, Portugal's neutrality status was threatened. First, Germany briefly considered invading Portugal and Spain during 1940-41. A second occasion came in 1943 and 1944 as Great Britain, backed by the United States, pressured Portugal to grant war-related concessions that threatened Portugal's status of strict neutrality and would possibly bring Portugal into the war on the Allied side. Nazi Germany's plan ("Operation Felix") to invade the Iberian Peninsula from late 1940 into 1941 was never executed, but the Allies occupied and used several air and naval bases in Portugal's Azores Islands.

   The second major crisis for Portugal's neutrality came with increasing Allied pressures for concessions from the summer of 1943 to the summer of 1944. Led by Britain, Portugal's oldest ally, Portugal was pressured to grant access to air and naval bases in the Azores Islands. Such bases were necessary to assist the Allies in winning the Battle of the Atlantic, the naval war in which German U-boats continued to destroy Allied shipping. In October 1943, following tedious negotiations, British forces began to operate such bases and, in November 1944, American forces were allowed to enter the islands. Germany protested and made threats, but there was no German attack.

   Tensions rose again in the spring of 1944, when the Allies demanded that Lisbon cease exporting wolfram to Germany. Salazar grew agitated, considered resigning, and argued that Portugal had made a solemn promise to Germany that wolfram exports would be continued and that Portugal could not break its pledge. The Portuguese ambassador in London concluded that the shipping of wolfram to Germany was "the price of neutrality." Fearing that a still-dangerous Germany could still attack Portugal, Salazar ordered the banning of the mining, sale, and exports of wolfram not only to Germany but to the Allies as of 6 June 1944.

   Portugal did not enter the war as a belligerent, and its forces did not engage in combat, but some Portuguese experienced directly or indirectly the impact of fighting. Off Portugal or near her Atlantic islands, Portuguese naval personnel or commercial fishermen rescued at sea hundreds of victims of U-boat sinkings of Allied shipping in the Atlantic. German U-boats sank four or five Portuguese merchant vessels as well and, in 1944, a U-boat stopped, boarded, searched, and forced the evacuation of a Portuguese ocean liner, the Serpa Pinto, in mid-Atlantic. Filled with refugees, the liner was not sunk but several passengers lost their lives and the U-boat kidnapped two of the ship's passengers, Portuguese Americans of military age, and interned them in a prison camp. As for involvement in a theater of war, hundreds of inhabitants were killed and wounded in remote East Timor, a Portuguese colony near Indonesia, which was invaded, annexed, and ruled by Japanese forces between February 1942 and August 1945. In other incidents, scores of Allied military planes, out of fuel or damaged in air combat, crashed or were forced to land in neutral Portugal. Air personnel who did not survive such crashes were buried in Portuguese cemeteries or in the English Cemetery, Lisbon.

   Portugal's peripheral involvement in largely nonbelligerent aspects of the war accelerated social, economic, and political change in Portugal's urban society. It strengthened political opposition to the dictatorship among intellectual and working classes, and it obliged the regime to bolster political repression. The general economic and financial status of Portugal, too, underwent improvements since creditor Britain, in order to purchase wolfram, foods, and other materials needed during the war, became indebted to Portugal. When Britain repaid this debt after the war, Portugal was able to restore and expand its merchant fleet. Unlike most of Europe, ravaged by the worst war in human history, Portugal did not suffer heavy losses of human life, infrastructure, and property. Unlike even her neighbor Spain, badly shaken by its terrible Civil War (1936-39), Portugal's immediate postwar condition was more favorable, especially in urban areas, although deep-seated poverty remained.

   Portugal experienced other effects, especially during 1939-42, as there was an influx of about a million war refugees, an infestation of foreign spies and other secret agents from 60 secret intelligence services, and the residence of scores of international journalists who came to report the war from Lisbon. There was also the growth of war-related mining (especially wolfram and tin). Portugal's media eagerly reported the war and, by and large, despite government censorship, the Portuguese print media favored the Allied cause. Portugal's standard of living underwent some improvement, although price increases were unpopular.

   The silent invasion of several thousand foreign spies, in addition to the hiring of many Portuguese as informants and spies, had fascinating outcomes. "Spyland" Portugal, especially when Portugal was a key point for communicating with occupied Europe (1940-44), witnessed some unusual events, and spying for foreigners at least briefly became a national industry. Until mid-1944, when Allied forces invaded France, Portugal was the only secure entry point from across the Atlantic to Europe or to the British Isles, as well as the escape hatch for refugees, spies, defectors, and others fleeing occupied Europe or Vichy-controlled Morocco, Tunisia, and Algeria. Through Portugal by car, ship, train, or scheduled civil airliner one could travel to and from Spain or to Britain, or one could leave through Portugal, the westernmost continental country of Europe, to seek refuge across the Atlantic in the Americas.

   The wartime Portuguese scene was a colorful melange of illegal activities, including espionage, the black market, war propaganda, gambling, speculation, currency counterfeiting, diamond and wolfram smuggling, prostitution, and the drug and arms trade, and they were conducted by an unusual cast of characters. These included refugees, some of whom were spies, smugglers, diplomats, and business people, many from foreign countries seeking things they could find only in Portugal: information, affordable food, shelter, and security. German agents who contacted Allied sailors in the port of Lisbon sought to corrupt and neutralize these men and, if possible, recruit them as spies, and British intelligence countered this effort. Britain's MI-6 established a new kind of "safe house" to protect such Allied crews from German espionage and venereal disease infection, an approved and controlled house of prostitution in Lisbon's bairro alto district.

   Foreign observers and writers were impressed with the exotic, spy-ridden scene in Lisbon, as well as in Estoril on the Sun Coast (Costa do Sol), west of Lisbon harbor. What they observed appeared in noted autobiographical works and novels, some written during and some after the war. Among notable writers and journalists who visited or resided in wartime Portugal were Hungarian writer and former communist Arthur Koestler, on the run from the Nazi's Gestapo; American radio broadcaster-journalist Eric Sevareid; novelist and Hollywood script-writer Frederick Prokosch; American diplomat George Kennan; Rumanian cultural attache and later scholar of mythology Mircea Eliade; and British naval intelligence officer and novelist-to-be Ian Fleming. Other notable visiting British intelligence officers included novelist Graham Greene; secret Soviet agent in MI-6 and future defector to the Soviet Union Harold "Kim" Philby; and writer Malcolm Muggeridge. French letters were represented by French writer and airman, Antoine Saint-Exupery and French playwright, Jean Giroudoux. Finally, Aquilino Ribeiro, one of Portugal's premier contemporary novelists, wrote about wartime Portugal, including one sensational novel, Volframio, which portrayed the profound impact of the exploitation of the mineral wolfram on Portugal's poor, still backward society.

   In Estoril, Portugal, the idea for the world's most celebrated fictitious spy, James Bond, was probably first conceived by Ian Fleming. Fleming visited Portugal several times after 1939 on Naval Intelligence missions, and later he dreamed up the James Bond character and stories. Background for the early novels in the James Bond series was based in part on people and places Fleming observed in Portugal. A key location in Fleming's first James Bond novel, Casino Royale (1953) is the gambling Casino of Estoril. In addition, one aspect of the main plot, the notion that a spy could invent "secret" intelligence for personal profit, was observed as well by the British novelist and former MI-6 officer, while engaged in operations in wartime Portugal. Greene later used this information in his 1958 spy novel, Our Man in Havana, as he observed enemy agents who fabricated "secrets" for money.

   Thus, Portugal's World War II experiences introduced the country and her people to a host of new peoples, ideas, products, and influences that altered attitudes and quickened the pace of change in this quiet, largely tradition-bound, isolated country. The 1943-45 connections established during the Allied use of air and naval bases in Portugal's Azores Islands were a prelude to Portugal's postwar membership in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).

1) General subject: convenience store (a store selling a limited variety of food and pharmaceutical items; open long hours for the convenience of customers)

2) British English: village shop (in rural areas (в сельской местности)), corner shop (in urban areas or suburbs (в городе и пригороде))

3) Australian slang: milk bar

4) New Zealand: dairy

5) Travel: general store

Galician.

Galician, native of Galicia.

* * *

► adjetivo

1 Galician

► nombre masculino,nombre femenino

1 (persona) Galician

► nombre masculino gallego

1 (idioma) Galician

► nombre masculino

1 (idioma) Galician

* * *

1. ADJ

1) (=de Galicia) Galician

2) LAm pey Spanish

2. SM / F

1) (=de Galicia) Galician

2) LAm pey Spaniard

3. SM

1) (Ling) Galician

2) (=viento) north-west wind

* * *

- ga adjetivo

a) ( de Galicia) Galician

b) (AmL fam) ( español) Spanish

- ga masculino, femenino

a) ( de Galicia) Galician

b) (AmL fam) ( español) Spaniard

c) gallego masculino (Ling) Galician

* * *

- ga adjetivo

a) ( de Galicia) Galician

b) (AmL fam) ( español) Spanish

- ga masculino, femenino

a) ( de Galicia) Galician

b) (AmL fam) ( español) Spaniard

c) gallego masculino (Ling) Galician

* * *

1 (de Galicia) Galician

2 ( AmL fam) (español) Spanish

gallego² -ga gallego (↑ gallego a1)

1 (de Galicia) Galician

2 ( AmL fam) (español) Spaniard

gallego masculine ( Ling) Galician

The language of Galicia, spoken by around 3 million people. It is an official requirement for many official and academic positions, and a compulsory school subject.

Galician, a Romance language close to Portuguese, was banned under Franco but with the return to democracy, it became an official language in Galicia beside Castilian. Nowadays there is Galician radio and television, and a considerable amount of publishing.

Galician has less social prestige than Catalan and Basque in their homelands. The middle classes have largely opted to use Castilian. See also lenguas cooficiales (↑ lengua a1).

* * *

◊ -ga adjetivo

a) ( de Galicia) Galician

b) (AmL fam) ( español) Spanish

a) ( de Galicia) Galician

b) (AmL fam) ( español) Spaniard

* * *

♦ adj

1. [de Galicia] Galician

2. CSur, Cuba Fam = sometimes pejorative term used to refer to a Spanish person

♦ nm,f

1. [de Galicia] Galician

2. CSur, Cuba Fam = sometimes pejorative term used to refer to a Spaniard, especially an immigrant

♦ nm

Gallego (“Galician”) is one of the four official languages spoken in Spain. It is spoken in the northwestern region of Galicia. Like Spanish and Catalan, it stems from late Latin, and it has many similarities to Portuguese in grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation. For decades Galician was either banned or officially unrecognized, and as a consequence it was mainly spoken in traditional or rural areas. However, in recent times it has re-emerged with the support of the Galician nationalist movement and is being promoted as the official language for use in schools and education. Although many Galician-born authors have written mainly or exclusively in Spanish, one of Spain's greatest nineteenth century poets, Rosalía de Castro, wrote much of her poetry in Gallego. Today Galician is used by an increasing number of well-known authors, one of the best-known of whom is the poet and short story writer Manuel Rivas.

* * *

I adj

1 Galician

2 Rpl fam

Spanish

II m, gallega f

1 Galician

2 Rpl fam

Spaniard

III m idioma Galician

* * *

gallego, -ga adj

1) : Galician

2) fam : Spanish

gallego, -ga n

1) : Galician

2) fam : Spaniard

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gallego adj n Galician

Guarani.

Guarani, member of the Guarani Indians of Paraguay.

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ADJ SMF Guarani

SM (Ling) Guarani

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adjetivo/masculino, femenino Guarani

masculino ( idioma) Guarani

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adjetivo/masculino, femenino Guarani

masculino ( idioma) Guarani

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Guarani

guaraní (↑ guaraní a1)

A (persona) Guarani

guaraní masculine

1 (idioma) Guarani

2 (moneda) guarani

The name of a people who lived between the rivers Amazon and Plate, and their language.

The Guarani language is an official language in Paraguay. It is also spoken in parts of Argentina, Bolivia, and Brazil. The Jesuit missionaries in Paraguay wrote Guarani dictionaries and grammars, hymns and catechisms. Guarani acquired a symbolic status in Paraguay during the Chaco War with Bolivia, 1932-35. Today many Paraguayans with hardly any indigenous blood speak Guarani better than Spanish.

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guaraní (pl guaraníes)

♦ adj

Guarani

♦ nmf

♦ nm

1. [lengua] Guarani

2. [moneda] guarani

Paraguay is the only Latin American country where an indigenous language is used as widely as Spanish. Guaraní was the language spoken by the main indigenous people at the time of the Spanish conquest. The process of racial mixing between Spaniard and Guarani over centuries has resulted in a population that is largely bilingual. In the major urban areas about half the population are able to use both languages freely, while in rural areas Guarani speakers predominate. Spanish is the language of the press and education, but Guarani has had a great influence on the vocabulary of Spanish speakers, and this has given rise to a so-called “guarañol”, a hybrid of both languages.

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m FIN guaraní

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guaraní adj & nmf

: Guarani

guaraní nm

: Guarani (language of Paraguay)