-
1 nai
1 imperative verb "be it that", used with a verb usually in the future tense to express a wish. The translation "maybe" in Tolkien's rendering of Namárië is somewhat misleading; he used "be it that" in the interlinear translation in RGEO:67. Apparently this is na as the imperative "be!" with a suffix -i "that", cf. i \#3. It can be used with the future tense as an expression of wish VT49:39. Nai hiruvalyë Valimar! Nai elyë hiruva! *"May thou find Valimar. May even thou find it!" Nam, VT49:39. Nai tiruvantes "be it that they will guard it" "may they guard it" CO. Nai elen siluva parma-restalyanna *may a star shine upon your book-fair VT49:38, nai elen siluva lyenna *may a star shine upon you VT49:40, nai elen atta siluvat aurenna veryanwesto *may two stars shine upon the day of your wedding VT49:42-45, nai laurë lantuva parmastanna lúmissen tengwiesto may a golden light fall on your book at the times of your reading VT49:47. Nai may also be used with a present continuative verb if an ongoing situation is wished for: Nai Eru lye mánata God bless you VT49:39 or literally *be it that God is already blessing you. The phrase nai amanya onnalya *be it that your child will be blessed omits any copula; Tolkien noted that imperative of wishes precedes adj. VT49:41. VT49:28 has the form nái for let it be that; Patrick Wynne theorizes that nái is actually an etymological form underlying nai VT49:36 2 prefix ill, grievously, abominably PE17:151, cf. naiquet-. Earlier material also lists aninterjection nai "alas" NAY; this may be obsoleted by \# 1 above; Namárië uses ai! in a similar sense -
2 tië
noun "path, course, line, direction, way" TE3, VT47:11; pl. tier in Namárië Nam, RGEO:67; tielyanna "upon your path" UT:22 cf. 51; tie-lya-nna "path-your-upon" -
3 -lya
2nd person sg. formal/polite pronominal suffix "thy, your"VT49:16, 38, 48. In tielyanna "upon your path" UT:22 cf. 51, caritalyas "your doing it" VT41:17, esselya "thy name" VT43:14, onnalya your child VT49:41, 42, parma-restalyanna *upon your book-fair VT49:38, and, in Tolkien's Quenya Lord's Prayer, in the various translations of "thy kingdom": aranielya in the final version, earlier turinastalya, túrinastalya, turindielya, túrindielya VT43:15. Also in indómelya changed from mendelya "thy will" VT43:15-16 -
4 lúmë
1 noun "time" LU, PE17:168 or "hour", locative lúmessë VT43:34, pl. locative lúmissen at the times VT49:47, allative lúmenna "upon the hour", elided lúmenn' in the greeting elen síla lúmenn' omentielvo "a star shines upon the hour of our meeting", because the next word begins with a similar vowel. The complete form lúmenna omentielvo is found in WJ:367 and Letters:425 footnote. Cf. also the compounds lumenyárë and lúmequenta, q.v.; see also \#sillumë. 2 noun "darkness" one wonders if Tolkien confused lúmë "time, hour" and lómë "night" Markirya -
5 ambo
noun "hill, rising ground Markirya, PE17:92, mount PE17:157, allative pl. ambonnar "upon hills" in Markirya ruxal' ambonnar "upon crumbling hills" According to VT45:5, ambo was added to the Etymologies as a marginal note. -
6 Taniquetil(Taniquetild-)
, place-name: the highest of the mountains of Valinor, upon which were the mansions of Manwë and Varda. Properly, this name refers to the topmost peak only, the whole mountain being called Oiolossë SA:til. The Etymologies has Taniquetil, Taniquetildë "q" Ta-niqe-til "g.sg." Taniquetilden, in LotR-style Quenya this is the dative singular "High White Horn" NIK-W, TIL, TA/TA3, OY. Variant Taníquetil with a long í, translated high-snow-peakPE17:26, 168.Quettaparma Quenyallo (Quenya-English) > Taniquetil(Taniquetild-)
-
7 telluma
noun "dome, copula", especially the "Dome of Varda" over Valinor, but also applied to the domes of the mansion of Manwë and Varda upon Taniquetil. Adopted from Valarin delgūmāunder the influence of pure Quenya telumë WJ:399, 411. Pl. tellumar is attested Nam, RGEO:66. -
8 or
prep. "over" CO; in early "Qenya", this preposition was also defined as "on, upon" LT1:256, MC:216. Prefixed or- is translated "up" in ortil, q.v. -
9 no
prep. "under" NŪ; all other sources give nu instead. In early "Qenya", no meant "upon"; MC:214 -
10 tollalinta
noun in allative "upon hills" MC:214; this is "Qenya" -
11 laiqua
"q" adj. "green" LÁYAK, LT1:267, MC:214, "Qenya" pl. laiquali "q" MC:216. Occurs in the phrase laiqua'ondoisen "q" "green-rocks-upon" MC:221; this is "Qenya", Laiqualassë "q" masc. name "Legolas" Greenleaf LT1:267. Used as noun in the phrase mi laiqua of somebody clad in green PE17:71. In later material, the word for "green" appears as laica, and the cognate of Legolas is said to be Laicolassë, q.v. PE17:56 -
12 -nna
"to, at, upon", allative ending, originating from -na to with fortified n, VT49:14. Attested in cilyanna, coraryanna, Endorenna, Elendilenna, númenórenna, parma-restalyanna, rénna, senna, tielyanna, q.v. If a noun ends in -n already, the ending -nna merges with it, as in Amanna, formenna, Elenna, númenna, rómenna as the allative forms of Aman, formen, elen, númen, rómen q.v.. Plural -nnar in mannar, valannar, q.v. -
13 hen(hend-)
as in pl. hendi noun "eye" KHEN-D-E; possibly dual \#hendu in hendumaica, q.v. Noun henfanwa eye-screen, veil upon eyes PE17:176, adj. henulca "evileyed" SD:68; cf. ulca. -
14 ohtacar-
stem of the past tense ohtacárë -"káre" vb. "war-made", made war + allative = make war upon LR:47, SD:246; ohtacárië in LR:56. The past tense could probably also be *ohtacarnë with the better-attested pa.t. of car- make. -
15 yalúmessë
noun in locative "once upon a time" locative form of yalúmë YA -
16 an
1 conj. and prep. "for" Nam, RGEO:66, an cé mo quernëfor if one turned VT49:8, also used adverbially in the formula an + a noun to express one more of the thing concerned: an quetta a word more, PE17:91. The an of the phrase es sorni heruion an! "the Eagles of the Lords are at hand" SD:290 however seems to denote motion towards the speaker: the Eagles are coming. Etym has an, ana "to, towards" NĀsup1/sup. The phrase an i falmalīPE17:127 is not clearly translated but seems to be a paraphrase of the word falmalinnar upon the foaming waves Nam, suggesting that an can be used as a paraphrase of the allative ending and if falmalīis seen as a Book Quenya accusative form because of the long final vowel, this is evidence that an governs the accusative case.In the "Arctic" sentence, an is translated "until". Regarding an as used in Namárië, various sources indicate that it means an moreover, furthermore, to proceed VT49:18-19 or properly further, plus, in addition PE17:69, 90. According to one late source ca. 1966 or later, an is very frequently used after a full stop, when an account or description is confirmed after a pause. So in Galadriels Elvish lament: An sí Tintallë, etc. = For now the Kindler, etc This is translated by me for, side an is as here often in fact used when the additional matter provides an explanation of or reason for what has already been said. Related is the use of an + noun to express one more; here an is presumably accented, something the word would not normally be when used as a conjunction or preposition. -
17 yáressë
noun in locative "once upon a time" locative form of yárë YA -
18 pá
1 prep. "on" with reference to contact of surfaces, especially vertical surface in the sense in which a picture hangs on a wall; also used = "touching, as regards, concerning" VT44:26. Another variant gives pá and apa with the meaning on above but touching. 2 Variants of apa "after" VT44:36, which preposition is in one source also ascribed the first meaning here discussed. For Neo-Quenya purposes, pá and pa may be used for "on" or "concerning", whereas apa is used for "after" see entries for apa \#1 and \#2, or pa may also be seen as a shorter form of apa after, as in the phrase yéni pa yéni *years upon years VT44:36 -
19 lye
pron. thou/thee, you, 2nd person sg. formal/polite corresponding to familiar/intimatetye, q.v. VT49:36 It seems the original stem-form was le VT49:50, distinct from de as a plural you, but when initial d became l and the forms threatened to fall together, le was apparently altered to lye by analogy with the ending -lyë and the emphatic pronoun elyë. Stressed lyé VT49:51. For lye as object, cf. nai Eru lye mánata God bless you VT49:39. Allative lyenna *to you, upon you VT49:40-41. Compare the reflexive pronoun imlë *"yourself, thyself", q.v. it did not have to be *imlyë, for the corresponding pl. pronoun indë yourselves is distinct anyhow. -
20 cirya
"k"noun "ship" MC:213, 214, 220, 221, "sharp-prowed ship" SA:kir-, where the word is misspelt círya with a long í; Christopher Tolkien probably confused it with the first element of the Sindarin name Círdan. It seems that Círyon, the name of Isildur's son, is likewise misspelt; read Ciryon as in the index and the main text of the Silmarillion. Cf. also kirya in Etym, stem KIR. Also in Markirya. In the Plotz letter, cirya is inflected for all cases except plural possessive *ciryaiva. The curious dual form ciriat occurs in Letters:427, whereas Plotz gives the expected form ciryat. Locative ciryasse "upon a ship" MC:216. Compounded in ciryaquen "shipman, sailor" WJ:372, also ciryando PE17:58, cf. also ciryamo mariner UT:8. Masc. names Ciryaher *"Ship-lord" Appendix A, Ciryandil *"Ship-friend" Appendix A, Ciryatan *"Ship-builder" Appendix A, also Tar-Ciryatan, name of a Númenórean king, "King Shipbuilder" SA:kir-
- 1
- 2
См. также в других словарях:
Upon — Up*on , prep.[AS. uppan, uppon; upp up + on, an, on. See {Up}, and {On}.] On; used in all the senses of that word, with which it is interchangeable. Upon an hill of flowers. Chaucer. [1913 Webster] Our host upon his stirrups stood anon. Chaucer.… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
upon — tends to sound more formal and emphatic than on when the two are used interchangeably: to look upon someone as a friend is a somewhat more imposing proposition than to look on them as a friend. Upon is the only choice in certain fixed expressions … Modern English usage
upon — [ə pän′, ə pôn′] prep. [ME < up,UP1 + on,ON, prob. infl. by ON upp á (< upp, upward + á, on)] ON (in various senses), or up and on: on and upon are generally interchangeable, the choice being governed by idiom, sentence rhythm, etc. adv. 1 … English World dictionary
upon — early 12c., from UP (Cf. up) + ON (Cf. on); probably influenced by O.N. upp a. Distinct from O.E. uppan which merely meant up. In the mod. Scand. tongues, except Icelandic and Færöese, the reduced form pa, paa, corresponding to Eng. (colloq. or… … Etymology dictionary
upon */*/*/ — UK [əˈpɒn] / US [əˈpɑn] preposition Collocations: Upon is much more formal than on, but it can be used with the same meanings as the preposition on in the following cases: on/onto an object or surface: It fell upon the ground. supported by a part … English dictionary
upon — [[t]əpɒ̱n[/t]] ♦♦ (In addition to the uses shown below, upon is used in phrasal verbs such as come upon and look upon , and after some other verbs such as decide and depend .) 1) PREP If one thing is upon another, it is on it. [FORMAL] He set the … English dictionary
upon — up|on [ ə pan ] preposition *** 1. ) on LITERARY on or onto something: Shadows were flickering upon the studio floor. He believes we were put upon this earth for a purpose. 2. ) used after some verbs instead of on FORMAL used after some verbs… … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
upon — up|on W1S3 [əˈpɔn US əˈpa:n] prep formal [Date: 1100 1200; Origin: up + on] 1.) used to mean on or onto ▪ an honour bestowed upon the association ▪ We are completely dependent upon your help. ▪ Brandon threw him upon the ground. 2.) if a time or… … Dictionary of contemporary English
upon — /euh pon , euh pawn /, prep. 1. up and on; upward so as to get or be on: He climbed upon his horse and rode off. 2. in an elevated position on: There is a television antenna upon every house in the neighborhood. 3. in or into complete or… … Universalium
UPON — prep. = ON. Usage: Upon is sometimes more formal, and is preferred in once upon a time and upon my word, and in uses such as row upon row of seats and Christmas is almost upon us. Etymology: ME f. UP + ON prep., after ON upp aacute … Useful english dictionary
upon — (as used in expressions) Kingston upon Hull Newcastle (upon Tyne), William Cavendish, 1 duque de Newcastle upon Tyne Stratford upon Avon … Enciclopedia Universal
