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1 энергия ветра
энергия ветра
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
wind power
Energy extracted from wind, traditionally in a windmill, but increasingly by more complicated designes including turbines, usually to produce electricity but also for water pumping. The power available from wind is proportional to the area swept by the rotating place and the cube of the wind velocity, but less than half the available power can be recovered. (Source: BRACK)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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DE
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > энергия ветра
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2 бурелом
бурелом
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
windfall
1) Falling of old trees in a forest caused by a storm or strong wind. It plays an important role in the spontaneous regeneration of forest ecosystems.
2) A plot of land covered with trees blown down by the wind.
(Source: RAMADE / CED)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > бурелом
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3 циркуляция морской воды
циркуляция морской воды
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
sea circulation
Large-scale horizontal water motion within an ocean. The way energy from the sun, stored in the sea, is transported around the world. The currents explain, for example, why the UK has ice-free ports in winter, while St. Petersburg, at the same latitude as the Shetland Islands, needs ice breakers. Evidence is growing that the world's ocean circulation was very different during the last ice age and has changed several times in the distant past, with dramatic effects on climate. The oceans are vital as storehouses, as they absorb more than half the sun's heat reaching the earth. This heat, which is primarily absorbed near the equator is carried around the world and released elsewhere, creating currents which last up to 1.000 years. As the Earth rotates and the wind acts upon the surface, currents carry warm tropical water to the cooler parts of the world. The strength and direction of the currents are affected by landmasses, bottlenecks through narrow straits, and even the shape of the sea-bed. When the warm water reaches polar regions its heat evaporates into the atmosphere, reducing its temperature and increasing its density. When sea-water freezes it leaves salt behind in the unfrozen water and this cold water sinks into the ocean and begins to flow back to the tropics. Eventually it is heated and begins the cycle all over again. (Source: MGH / WRIGHT)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > циркуляция морской воды
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4 прогноз иммиссии
прогноз иммиссии
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
immission forecast
The prediction of immissions is calculated on the basis of the pollutant load, the source height, the wind speed and the dispersion coefficient. (Source: FLGISA)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > прогноз иммиссии
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5 песчаная дюна
песчаная дюна
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
sand dune
An accumulation of loose sand heaped up by the wind, commonly found along low-lying seashores above high-tide level, more rarely on the border of large lakes or river valleys, as well as in various desert regions, where there is abundant dry surface sand during some part of the year. (Source: BJGEO)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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DE
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > песчаная дюна
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6 ветряная мельница
ветряная мельница
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
windmill
A machine for grinding or pumping driven by a set of adjustable vanes or sails that are caused to turn by the force of the wind. (Source: CED)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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DE
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > ветряная мельница
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7 ветряная эрозия
ветряная эрозия
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
wind erosion
The breakdown of solid rock into smaller particles and its removal by wind. It may occur on any soil whose surface is dry, unprotected by vegetation (to bind it at root level and shelter the surface) and consists of light particles. The mechanisms include straightforward picking up of dust and soil particles by the airflow and the dislodging or abrasion of surface material by the impact of particles already airborne. (Source: ALL)
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EN
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > ветряная эрозия
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8 взаимодействие "воздух-вода"
взаимодействие "воздух-вода"
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
air-water interaction
The physical processes at the air-water interface: momentum, heat and mass transfer across the air-water interface, mixing of surface water by wind stress and wave breaking, directional wave spectra and wave forces on offshore structures. The air-water interaction is measured by the turbulence and gas exchanges resulting from the mixing of the water column by wind. (Source: WATER / CEIS)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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- interaction air/eau
Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > взаимодействие "воздух-вода"
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9 уменьшение нефтяного загрязнения
уменьшение нефтяного загрязнения
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
oil pollution abatement
There are various systems for the abatement of oil pollution at sea: the "Load-on-top" system involves passing the washing from tank cleaning operations and residue from discharge of the original ballast water to an empty cargo tank nominated as the "slop" tank. Fresh oil cargo is loaded on top of the final residue left after further discharges of water, the resulting mixture being acceptable to refineries despite some additional cost in removing the salt and water. Under the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, all oil-carrying ships will be required to be capable of operating with this method of retention, or alternatively to discharge to reception facilities. Another method consists in spraying on the oil dispersives and/or blasting straw and sawdust, functioning as "blotting paper", onto water, beaches, rocks and docks. The Vikoma System for the containment of oil spills at sea, developed by British Petroleum, a seaboom of about 500 metres in length, is inflated and towed downwind of the oil slick and formed into a U-shape; under the influence of wind, the oil becomes trapped within the boom. Skimming equipment travels into the boom enclosure and the oil is pumped into containers. (Source: GILP)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > уменьшение нефтяного загрязнения
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10 зона приливов и отливов
зона приливов и отливов
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
intertidal zone
1) The area between land and sea which is regularly exposed to the air by the tidal movement of the sea. Marine organisms that inhabit the intertidal zones have to adapt to periods of exposure to air and to the waves created by wind, which makes it the most physically demanding of the marine habitats.
2) The shore zone between the highest and lowest tides.
(Source: WRIGHT / LBC)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > зона приливов и отливов
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11 изменение климата
изменение климата
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
climatic change
The long-term fluctuations in temperature, precipitation, wind, and all other aspects of the Earth's climate. External processes, such as solar-irradiance variations, variations of the Earth's orbital parameters (eccentricity, precession, and inclination), lithosphere motions, and volcanic activity, are factors in climatic variation. Internal variations of the climate system, e.g., changes in the abundance of greenhouse gases, also may produce fluctuations of sufficient magnitude and variability to explain observed climate change through the feedback processes interrelating the components of the climate system. (Source: GSFC)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > изменение климата
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12 чрезмерный выпас
чрезмерный выпас
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
overgrazing
Intensive grazing by animals, for example cattle, sheep or goats, on an area of pasture. It has become a serious threat to the world's rangelands and grasslands. Several factors have led to overgrazing, which leads to the soil being degraded and becoming liable to erosion by wind and rain, and even to desertification. The main pressures leading to widespread overgrazing have been the need to increase the size and numbers of herds to produce more food for an increasing human population, and the transformation of traditional pasture land into plantations to grow cash crops. Throughout the dry tropics, where traditionally herds ranged over vast areas, intensive livestock-rearing schemes have taken over, mostly to provide meat for the export market. Well-digging operations have also led to heavy concentrations of animals in small areas. (Source: WRIGHT)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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DE
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > чрезмерный выпас
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13 боновое заграждение
боновое заграждение
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
oil boom
A floating device used to contain oil on a body of water. Once the boom has been inflated, it is towed downwind of the oil slick and formed into a U-shape; under the influence of wind, the oil becomes trapped within the boom. Skimming equipment travels into the boom enclosure and the oil is pumped into containers. (Source: EPAGLO / GILP)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > боновое заграждение
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14 тропический дождевой лес
тропический дождевой лес
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
tropical rain forest
The most valuable and the richest ecosystem on Earth. It plays a critical part in the Earth's life support systems and house 50%, and possibly as much as 90%, of all the species on Earth. It is a key storehouse of foods, oils and minerals, and a source of ingredients that make up a range of medical treatments. It also represents home and livelihood for many people. However, more than half of the rainforests have disappeared, chopped down for valuable tropical hardwoods, or cleared to provide areas for cattle grazing or human habitation. The forests play an important part in climate patterns, and deforestation is thought to be responsible for 18% of global warming. Furthermore, as they disappear there is also an albedo effect - a damaging increase in the sunlight reflected - which affects wind and rainfall patterns. (Source: WRIGHT)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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DE
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > тропический дождевой лес
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15 геологический процесс
геологический процесс
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
geological process
Dynamic actions or events that occur at the Earth's surface due to application of natural forces resulting from gravity, temperature changes, freezing and thawing, chemical reactions, seismic shaking, and the agencies of wind and moving water, ice and snow. Where and when a force exceeds the strength of the earth material, the material is changed by deformation, translocation, or chemical reactions. (Source: DUNSTE)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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DE
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > геологический процесс
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16 микроклиматология
микроклиматология
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
microclimatology
The study of a microclimate, including the study of profiles of temperature, moisture and wind in the lowest stratum of air, the effects of the vegetation and of shelterbelts, and the modifying effects of towns and buildings. (Source: MGH)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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DE
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > микроклиматология
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17 травы
травы
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
grass
A very large and widespread family of Monocotyledoneae, with more than 10.000 species, most of which are herbaceous, but a few are woody. The stems are jointed, the long, narrow leaves originating at the nodes. The flowers are inconspicuous, with a much reduced perianth, and are wind-pollinated or cleistogamous. The fruit in single-seeded, usually a caryopsis. Grasses are the most important of all plants for food. (Source: ALL)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > травы
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18 восстановление растительного покрова
восстановление растительного покрова
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
revegetation
Planting of new trees and, particularly, of native plants in disturbed sites where the vegetation cover has been destroyed, to stabilize the land surface from wind and water erosion and to reclame the land for other uses. Revegetation practices are employed in mined lands, roadsides, parks, wetlands, utility corridors, riparian areas, etc. (Source: REVEGa / CORBIT)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > восстановление растительного покрова
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19 гроза
гроза
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
storm
An atmospheric disturbance involving perturbations of the prevailing pressure and wind fields on scales ranging from tornadoes to extratropical cyclones; also the associated weather and the like. (Source: MGH)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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DE
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > гроза
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20 сельскохозяйственные машины
сельскохозяйственные машины
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
agricultural machinery
Machines utilized for tillage, planting, cultivation and harvesting of crops. Despite its benefits in increasing yields, mechanisation has clearly had some adverse environmental effects: deep ploughing exposes more soil to wind and water erosion; crop residues can be removed as opposed to ploughing back into the soil; removal of residues can lead to a serious loss of organic content in the soil, which may increase the risk of soil erosion. (Source: MGH / DOBRIS)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > сельскохозяйственные машины
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